Ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electricity hybrid power supply

Abstract

The invention discloses a spark ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electricity hybrid power source which comprises an oil power assembly, an electric control assembly is arranged at the bottom end of one side of the oil power assembly, a hybrid power device is arranged at the top end of one side of the oil power assembly, the oil power assembly and the electric control assembly are both connected with the hybrid power device, and one side of the hybrid power device is connected with a power assembly. The surface of the oil power assembly is connected with a sensor assembly, the sensor assembly is connected with the power assembly, the oil power assembly comprises an oil tank and a high-pressure oil supply pump, a liquid inlet of the high-pressure oil supply pump fixedly communicates with an extraction hose, and the end, away from the high-pressure oil supply pump, of the extraction hose fixedly communicates with the side, right opposite to the oil tank. The solar panel, the DC / DC converter and the charger are matched with one another, solar energy is converted into electric energy by means of solar light, the converted electric energy is stored in the storage battery pack, the situation that the unmanned aerial vehicle needs to run continuously by means of a fuel engine when electricity is exhausted is avoided, and the running economy of the unmanned aerial vehicle is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicle power, and in particular to an ignition-type ultra-light diesel-electric hybrid power source. Background Art

[0002] The diesel-electric hybrid power unit is a high-efficiency UAV power system that combines the advantages of traditional diesel engines and electric motors. Through clever collaborative work, it achieves higher fuel economy and excellent driving performance. This power system is driven by a diesel engine and a battery pack. The battery can store the energy generated by the diesel engine and release it when needed to power the electric motor. This energy conversion and storage process improves energy utilization efficiency and thus reduces fuel consumption. In addition, when starting and accelerating, due to the assistance of the electric motor, the diesel-electric hybrid UAV can respond to the operator's needs more quickly, while reducing fuel consumption, bringing real economic benefits to consumers.

[0003] However, traditional diesel-electric hybrid powertrains have the following disadvantages: Although the batteries of traditional diesel-electric hybrid drones have a long warranty period, after long-term use, the batteries may need to be replaced, which will increase the maintenance cost of the drone. The battery life is limited. Once the battery is exhausted, the drone needs to rely on the fuel engine to continue driving, which may affect fuel economy in long-distance driving or when the battery is low. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an ignition type ultra-light diesel-electric hybrid power source to solve the problem raised in the above background technology that although the batteries of traditional diesel-electric hybrid power drones have a long warranty period, after long-term use, the batteries may need to be replaced, which will increase the maintenance cost of the drone. The battery life is limited. Once the battery is exhausted, the drone needs to rely on the fuel engine to continue driving, which may affect fuel economy during long-distance driving or when the battery is low.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source, comprising an oil power component, an electronic control component is provided at the bottom end of one side of the oil power component, a hybrid power device is provided at the top end of one side of the oil power component, the oil power component and the electronic control component are both connected to the hybrid power device, one side of the hybrid power device is connected to a power component, a sensor component is connected to the surface of the oil power component, the sensor component is connected to the power component, the oil power component comprises a fuel tank and a high-pressure fuel supply pump, a liquid inlet of the high-pressure fuel supply pump is fixedly connected to an extraction hose, one end of the extraction hose away from the high-pressure fuel supply pump is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the fuel tank, an oil rail is provided on one side of the fuel tank, an injector assembly and an electronic control unit are provided at the bottom end of the oil rail, the electronic control component comprises a battery pack and a battery management system, the battery pack is connected to the battery management system, one end of the battery pack is connected to a discharger, and the other end of the battery pack is provided with a solar panel.

[0006] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the liquid outlet of the high-pressure fuel supply pump is fixedly connected with a delivery hose, and one end of the delivery hose away from the high-pressure fuel supply pump is fixedly connected with a side directly opposite to the oil rail, an oil rail pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the surface of the oil rail, and the oil rail pressure sensor is connected to an electronic control unit, the top end of one side of the oil rail is fixedly connected with a first connecting pipe, the bottom end of one side of the oil rail is fixedly connected with a second connecting pipe, and one end of the second connecting pipe away from the oil rail is fixedly connected with a side directly opposite to the fuel tank.

[0007] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, a filter is fixedly installed in the middle of the extraction hose, and a plurality of flow limiters are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oil rail. The ends of the plurality of flow limiters away from the oil rail are fixedly connected to the side directly opposite to the injector assembly. The high-pressure fuel supply pump is started after being energized, and the high-pressure fuel supply pump extracts diesel in the fuel tank through the extraction hose, and the extracted diesel is delivered to the oil rail through the delivery hose.

[0008] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the end of the first connecting pipe away from the oil rail is connected to the hybrid powertrain, the electronic control unit is connected to the sensor assembly, a pressure limiting valve is fixedly installed in the middle of the second connecting pipe, and the electronic control unit supplies power to the sensor assembly and the oil rail pressure sensor respectively.

[0009] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the power assembly includes a coupler, a generator, a clutch and a drive motor, the coupler is connected to the generator, the generator is connected to the clutch, the clutch is connected to the drive motor, and the coupler is connected to the hybrid power unit.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the sensor assembly is provided with an engine speed sensor, an engine phase sensor, an accelerator pedal sensor, a boost pressure sensor, an air temperature sensor, a cooling water temperature sensor, an intake air mass sensor and a flow meter, one end of the engine speed sensor, one end of the engine phase sensor, one end of the accelerator pedal sensor, one end of the boost pressure sensor, one end of the air temperature sensor, one end of the cooling water temperature sensor, one end of the intake air mass sensor and one end of the flow meter are all connected to the oil power assembly, the other end of the engine speed sensor, the other end of the engine phase sensor, the other end of the accelerator pedal sensor, the other end of the boost pressure sensor, the other end of the air temperature sensor, the other end of the cooling water temperature sensor, the other end of the intake air mass sensor and the other end of the flow meter are all connected to the power assembly, the engine speed sensor senses the engine speed, the engine phase sensor senses the engine phase, the accelerator pedal sensor senses the acceleration rate of the pedal, the boost pressure sensor senses the boost pressure, the air temperature sensor senses the air temperature in the power device, and the cooling water temperature sensor senses the cooling water temperature flowing in the power device.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the end of the battery pack away from the discharger is connected to a charger, the charger is connected to a DC / DC converter, the DC / DC converter is connected to a solar panel, the solar panel converts solar energy into electrical energy in real time, the electrical energy is filtered and converted by the DC / DC converter, and then stored in the battery pack through the charger.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the battery management system includes an ECU, an input circuit, an analog-to-digital converter, a microcomputer and an output circuit. The input circuit, the analog-to-digital converter, the microcomputer and the output circuit are all connected to the ECU, and the ECU is connected to the battery pack. The ECU automatically records fault codes in a random access memory and reads alternative programs from inherent programs to maintain the operation of the engine. The ECU continuously monitors various input data and the operating status of the drone, processes information sent by various sensors according to a pre-designed program, and sends various parameters to relevant actuators to perform various predetermined control functions.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by setting up electronic control components, the solar panels, DC / DC converters and chargers cooperate with each other, and use solar light to convert solar energy into electrical energy, and store the converted electrical energy in a battery pack, so as to avoid the situation where the power is exhausted and the drone needs to rely on a fuel engine to continue driving, thereby ensuring the economy of the drone's driving. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the oil power assembly of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the power assembly of the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sensor assembly of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric control component of the present invention; Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the battery management system of the present invention.

[0015] In the figure: 1. Oil power assembly; 101. Fuel tank; 102. Filter; 103. High-pressure fuel supply pump; 104. Electronic control unit; 105. Injector assembly; 106. Flow limiter; 107. Pressure limiting valve; 108. Fuel rail; 109. Fuel rail pressure sensor; 110. Delivery hose; 111. Extraction hose; 112. First connecting pipe; 113. Second connecting pipe; 2. Hybrid power unit; 3. Power assembly; 31. Coupler; 32. Generator; 33. Clutch; 34. Drive motor; 4. Electronic control assembly; 41. Discharger ; 42. Battery pack; 43. Charger; 44. DC / DC converter; 45. Solar panel; 46. Battery management system; 461. Input circuit; 462. Analog-to-digital converter; 463. ECU; 464. Microcomputer; 465. Output circuit; 5. Sensor assembly; 51. Engine speed sensor; 52. Engine phase sensor; 53. Accelerator pedal sensor; 54. Boost pressure sensor; 55. Air temperature sensor; 56. Cooling water temperature sensor; 57. Intake air mass sensor; 58. Flow meter. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The following will be combined with the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] See also Figure 1-6The present invention provides an ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source, comprising an oil power component 1, an electric control component 4 is provided at the bottom end of one side of the oil power component 1, a hybrid power device 2 is provided at the top end of one side of the oil power component 1, the oil power component 1 and the electric control component 4 are both connected to the hybrid power device 2, one side of the hybrid power device 2 is connected to a power component 3, a sensor component 5 is connected to the surface of the oil power component 1, the sensor component 5 is connected to the power component 3, the oil power component 1 comprises an oil tank 101 and a high-pressure oil supply pump 103, the high-pressure oil supply The liquid inlet of the pump 103 is fixedly connected to an extraction hose 111, and one end of the extraction hose 111 away from the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 is fixedly connected to the side opposite to the fuel tank 101. An oil rail 108 is provided on one side of the fuel tank 101, and an injector assembly 105 and an electronic control unit 104 are provided at the bottom end of the oil rail 108. The electronic control component 4 includes a battery pack 42 and a battery management system 46. The battery pack 42 is connected to the battery management system 46, and one end of the battery pack 42 is connected to the discharger 41, and the other end of the battery pack 42 is provided with a solar panel 45.

[0018] The liquid outlet of the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 is fixedly connected to a delivery hose 110, and one end of the delivery hose 110 away from the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the fuel rail 108. An fuel rail pressure sensor 109 is fixedly installed on the surface of the fuel rail 108, and the fuel rail pressure sensor 109 is connected to the electronic control unit 104. The top end of one side of the fuel rail 108 is fixedly connected to a first connecting pipe 112, and the bottom end of one side of the fuel rail 108 is fixedly connected to a second connecting pipe 113, and one end of the second connecting pipe 113 away from the fuel rail 108 is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the fuel tank 101.

[0019] A filter 102 is fixedly installed in the middle of the extraction hose 111, and a plurality of flow limiters 106 are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oil rail 108. The ends of the plurality of flow limiters 106 away from the oil rail 108 are fixedly connected to the side directly opposite to the injector assembly 105. The high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 is started after being energized, and the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 extracts diesel in the fuel tank 101 through the extraction hose 111, and the extracted diesel is delivered to the oil rail 108 through the delivery hose 110.

[0020] One end of the first connecting pipe 112 away from the oil rail 108 is connected to the hybrid power generator 2, the electronic control unit 104 is connected to the sensor assembly 5, and a pressure limiting valve 107 is fixedly installed in the middle of the second connecting pipe 113. The electronic control unit 104 supplies power to the sensor assembly 5 and the oil rail pressure sensor 109 respectively.

[0021] The power assembly 3 includes a coupler 31 , a generator 32 , a clutch 33 and a drive motor 34 . The coupler 31 is connected to the generator 32 , the generator 32 is connected to the clutch 33 , the clutch 33 is connected to the drive motor 34 , and the coupler 31 is connected to the hybrid power unit 2 .

[0022] The sensor assembly 5 is provided with an engine speed sensor 51, an engine phase sensor 52, an accelerator pedal sensor 53, a boost pressure sensor 54, an air temperature sensor 55, a cooling water temperature sensor 56, an intake air mass sensor 57 and a flow meter 58. One end of the engine speed sensor 51, one end of the engine phase sensor 52, one end of the accelerator pedal sensor 53, one end of the boost pressure sensor 54, one end of the air temperature sensor 55, one end of the cooling water temperature sensor 56, one end of the intake air mass sensor 57 and one end of the flow meter 58 are all connected to the oil power assembly 1, and the other end of the engine speed sensor 51 and the other end of the engine phase sensor 52 are connected to the oil power assembly 1. , the other end of the accelerator pedal sensor 53, the other end of the boost pressure sensor 54, the other end of the air temperature sensor 55, the other end of the cooling water temperature sensor 56, the other end of the intake mass sensor 57 and the other end of the flow meter 58 are all connected to the power assembly 3, the engine speed sensor 51 senses the engine speed, the engine phase sensor 52 senses the engine phase, the accelerator pedal sensor 53 senses the acceleration rate of the pedal, the boost pressure sensor 54 senses the boost pressure, the air temperature sensor 55 senses the air temperature in the power unit, and the cooling water temperature sensor 56 senses the temperature of the cooling water flowing in the power unit.

[0023] One end of the battery pack 42 away from the discharger 41 is connected to a charger 43, the charger 43 is connected to a DC / DC converter 44, the DC / DC converter 44 is connected to a solar panel 45, the solar panel 45 converts solar energy into electrical energy in real time, and the electrical energy is filtered and converted by the DC / DC converter 44 before being stored in the battery pack 42 through the charger 43.

[0024] The battery management system 46 includes an ECU 463, an input circuit 461, an analog-to-digital converter 462, a microcomputer 464 and an output circuit 465. The input circuit 461, the analog-to-digital converter 462, the microcomputer 464 and the output circuit 465 are all connected to the ECU 463, and the ECU 463 is connected to the battery pack 42. The ECU 463 automatically records fault codes in a random access memory and reads alternative programs from inherent programs to maintain the operation of the engine. The ECU 463 continuously monitors various input data and the operating status of the drone, processes the information sent by various sensors according to a pre-designed program, and sends various parameters to related actuators to perform various predetermined control functions.

[0025] In the present invention, the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 is started after being powered on, and the high-pressure fuel supply pump 103 extracts diesel in the fuel tank 101 through the extraction hose 111, and the extracted diesel is transported to the fuel rail 108 through the delivery hose 110, and the fuel rail 108 transports the diesel to the hybrid power generator 2 through the first connecting pipe 112, and the hybrid power generator 2 drives the power component 3 to start, and the solar panel 45 converts solar energy into electrical energy in real time, and the electrical energy is filtered and converted by the DC / DC converter 44 and then stored in the battery pack 42 through the charger 43, and the electricity in the battery pack 42 is transferred to the hybrid power generator 2 through the discharger 41, and the hybrid power generator 2 drives the power component 3 The engine is started, and the engine speed sensor 51 senses the engine speed, the engine phase sensor 52 senses the engine phase, the accelerator pedal sensor 53 senses the acceleration rate of the pedal, the boost pressure sensor 54 senses the boost pressure, the air temperature sensor 55 senses the air temperature in the power unit, and the cooling water temperature sensor 56 senses the cooling water temperature flowing in the power unit. ECU463 is connected to the battery pack 42. ECU463 automatically records the fault code in the random access memory and reads the replacement program from the inherent program to maintain the operation of the engine. ECU463 constantly monitors various input data. and the operating status of the drone, processes the information sent by various sensors according to the pre-designed program, and sends various parameters to the relevant actuators to perform various predetermined control functions. ECU463 is the core of the drone electronic control system. Its functions are not limited to engine control, but also include other controls of the drone, such as transmission, braking system, and steering system. The input circuit 461 of ECU463 is responsible for receiving data from various sensors, such as engine speed, flight speed, throttle position, and oxygen sensor signals, and converting these data into digital signals that can be recognized by ECU463. The analog-to-digital converter 462 converts the analog signal into a digital signal, which is convenient for EC ECU463 processes the data. Microcomputer 464 is the "brain" of ECU463, responsible for processing various data and making control decisions. Output circuit 465 is responsible for controlling actuators, such as ignition coils, injectors, and motors. The working principle of ECU463 is to control various systems of the drone through communication with sensors and actuators. When a system fails, ECU463 will automatically detect and record the fault code, and take corresponding protection measures according to the fault code to ensure the normal operation of the engine. ECU463 also provides maintenance personnel with fault information through the fault code diagnosis system to help quickly locate the fault point and improve the maintenance efficiency of the drone. The main functions of the coupler 31 include connecting and cutting off power, hydraulic transmission, and absorbing shock and vibration. It serves as a connecting component between the automatic gearbox and the engine, and cuts off power transmission when shifting gears, similar to the effect of a clutch. The hydraulic coupler 31 is filled with hydraulic oil. When the engine drives the impeller to rotate, the hydraulic oil is driven at high speed, impacting the guide wheel and driving the transmission shaft to rotate, thereby achieving power transmission. In addition, the hydraulic coupler 31 uses diesel to transmit power, has good flexibility, and absorbs shock and vibration; The UAV generator 32 is the main power source of the UAV, which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Its function is to supply power to all electrical equipment (except the starter) and charge the battery when the engine is running normally. The generator 32 provides power by converting mechanical energy into electrical energy to ensure the normal operation of the electronic equipment on the aircraft, and charges the battery when necessary to ensure that the engine can be started at any time with the starter without the help of external force. The working principle of the generator 32 is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, when the conductor in a closed circuit cuts the magnetic flux line with the magnetic field, an induced current is generated in the circuit, and electricity is generated by magnetism. Specifically, when the UAV is powered on, the current of the battery energizes the excitation winding through the brush, and the excitation winding (stator) generates a magnetic field. After the UAV is started, the rotor borrows the power of the engine (such as belt drive) to start rotating at the rated speed and cut the magnetic flux line. At this time, a corresponding voltage is generated in the stator. The generated current is alternating current, which needs to be converted into direct current by the rectifier inside the generator 32 to supply various electrical equipment on the aircraft or converted into chemical energy and stored in the battery; The clutch 33 is located in the flywheel housing between the engine and the gearbox. The clutch 33 assembly is fixed to the rear plane of the flywheel with screws. The output shaft of the clutch 33 is the input shaft of the gearbox. During the driving of the UAV, the operator controls the pedal as needed to temporarily separate and gradually engage the engine and the gearbox to cut off or transfer the power input from the engine to the transmission. The clutch 33 is a common component in mechanical transmission, which can separate or engage the transmission system at any time. The basic requirements for it are: smooth engagement, rapid and thorough separation; easy adjustment and repair; small overall dimensions; small mass; good wear resistance and sufficient heat dissipation capacity; easy and labor-saving operation.

[0026] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spark-ignition ultra-light diesel-electric hybrid power source, comprising an oil power component (1), characterized in that: The bottom end of one side of the oil power component (1) is provided with an electric control component (4), the top end of one side of the oil power component (1) is provided with a hybrid power device (2), the oil power component (1) and the electric control component (4) are both connected to the hybrid power device (2), one side of the hybrid power device (2) is connected to a power component (3), the surface of the oil power component (1) is connected to a sensor component (5), the sensor component (5) is connected to the power component (3), the oil power component (1) comprises an oil tank (101) and a high-pressure oil supply pump (103), the liquid inlet of the high-pressure oil supply pump (103) is fixedly connected to an extraction hose (111), one end of the extraction hose (111) away from the high-pressure fuel supply pump (103) is fixedly connected to a side of the fuel tank (101) facing the fuel tank (101), one side of the fuel tank (101) is provided with a fuel rail (108), the bottom end of the fuel rail (108) is provided with an injector assembly (105) and an electronic control unit (104), the electronic control component (4) comprises a battery pack (42) and a battery management system (46), the battery pack (42) is connected to the battery management system (46), one end of the battery pack (42) is connected to a discharger (41), and the other end of the battery pack (42) is provided with a solar panel (45).

2. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid outlet of the high-pressure oil supply pump (103) is fixedly connected to a delivery hose (110); one end of the delivery hose (110) away from the high-pressure oil supply pump (103) is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the oil rail (108); an oil rail pressure sensor (109) is fixedly mounted on the surface of the oil rail (108); the oil rail pressure sensor (109) is connected to the electronic control unit (104); a top end of one side of the oil rail (108) is fixedly connected to a first connection pipe (112); a bottom end of one side of the oil rail (108) is fixedly connected to a second connection pipe (113); an end of the second connection pipe (113) away from the oil rail (108) is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the oil tank (101).

3. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: A filter (102) is fixedly installed in the middle of the extraction hose (111), and a plurality of flow restrictors (106) are fixedly connected to the bottom end of the oil rail (108), and one end of the plurality of flow restrictors (106) away from the oil rail (108) is fixedly connected to a side directly opposite to the injector assembly (105).

4. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the first connecting pipe (112) away from the oil rail (108) is connected to the hybrid power unit (2), the electronic control unit (104) is connected to the sensor assembly (5), and a pressure limiting valve (107) is fixedly installed in the middle of the second connecting pipe (113).

5. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power assembly (3) comprises a coupler (31), a generator (32), a clutch (33) and a drive motor (34); the coupler (31) is connected to the generator (32), the generator (32) is connected to the clutch (33), the clutch (33) is connected to the drive motor (34), and the coupler (31) is connected to the hybrid power device (2).

6. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sensor assembly (5) is provided with an engine speed sensor (51), an engine phase sensor (52), an accelerator pedal sensor (53), a boost pressure sensor (54), an air temperature sensor (55), a cooling water temperature sensor (56), an intake air mass sensor (57) and a flow meter (58), wherein one end of the engine speed sensor (51), one end of the engine phase sensor (52), one end of the accelerator pedal sensor (53), one end of the boost pressure sensor (54), one end of the air temperature sensor (55), and one end of the cooling water One end of the temperature sensor (56), one end of the intake air mass sensor (57) and one end of the flow meter (58) are all connected to the oil power assembly (1), and the other end of the engine speed sensor (51), the other end of the engine phase sensor (52), the other end of the accelerator pedal sensor (53), the other end of the boost pressure sensor (54), the other end of the air temperature sensor (55), the other end of the cooling water temperature sensor (56), the other end of the intake air mass sensor (57) and the other end of the flow meter (58) are all connected to the power assembly (3).

7. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the storage battery pack (42) away from the discharger (41) is connected to a charger (43), the charger (43) is connected to a DC / DC converter (44), and the DC / DC converter (44) is connected to a solar panel (45).

8. The ignition type ultra-light diesel oil-electric hybrid power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management system (46) comprises an ECU (463), an input circuit (461), an analog-to-digital converter (462), a microcomputer (464) and an output circuit (465); the input circuit (461), the analog-to-digital converter (462), the microcomputer (464) and the output circuit (465) are all connected to the ECU (463); and the ECU (463) is connected to a battery pack (42).

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