Efficient disease prevention and weeding method for rhizoma bletillae

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicine planting, in particular to an efficient disease prevention and weeding method for rhizoma bletillae. The efficient rhizoma bletillae disease prevention and weeding method comprises the steps that seedlings are selected, wherein saddle type domesticated rhizoma bletillae seedlings are selected; site selection: selecting a geographical environment of sandy loam, yellow loam or loam for planting previous crops of gramineous crops, and building a greenhouse in the geographical environment; soil preparation is carried out, ploughing, ditching and ridging are carried out in the greenhouse, and decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil is scattered on compartment surfaces; transplanting: digging planting furrows on the compartment surfaces, and planting the saddle-type domesticated bletilla striata seedlings on the planting furrows; the light transmittance in the greenhouse, the temperature in the greenhouse and the water content of soil are controlled; after the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of the rhizoma bletillae are transplanted, foliar fertilizer, compound fertilizer and farmyard manure are applied; harvesting, wherein after the rhizoma bletillae saddle-type domesticated seedlings are planted for 2-3 years, the rhizoma bletillae is dug. Therefore, the problem of low yield or no harvest of rhizoma bletillae caused by difficulty in weeding and disease prevention in artificial field planting is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal plant planting, and in particular to a high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method for Bletilla striata. Background Art

[0002] Bletilla striata is the dried tuber of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f., an orchid plant. It tastes bitter, sweet, astringent, and slightly cold. It has the effects of astringent hemostasis, swelling reduction, and tissue regeneration. It is mainly used to treat hemoptysis, hematemesis, traumatic bleeding, sores, swelling, and skin chapped skin. Studies have shown that Bletilla striata has antibacterial, antiviral, anti-tumor, and antioxidant effects, and promotes wound healing and gastrointestinal mucosal damage. At present, it has been used clinically to treat internal and external bleeding, peptic ulcers, ulcerative colitis, anorectal diseases, tuberculosis, chloasma, and other diseases.

[0003] Bletilla striata has great potential for development and utilization. In recent years, the research on Bletilla striata seedlings has been developing in a diversified direction. The application of Bletilla striata glue in the fields of biopharmaceutical materials, health foods, cosmetics, textile printing and dyeing, special coatings and daily chemicals has been greatly developed and has brought huge commercial value. At the same time, Bletilla striata flowers are very beautiful and can be potted to make bonsai.

[0004] At present, weeds and rust are inevitable problems in field planting of Bletilla striata, and weeds and rust are the bottleneck technical problems that cause low yield or total crop failure in artificial planting of Bletilla striata. First, weeding is difficult. Manual weeding in the field consumes a lot of manpower and financial resources. During the growth and development period of Bletilla striata from March to June, when rain and heat are in the same season, weeds grow wildly. Now there are few migrant workers in rural areas. It takes 5,000 workers to weed a 1,000-acre Bletilla striata base once, and 500 people are needed to weed once every 10 days. Now there are no 500 or even 100 farmers at home around the 1,000-acre base, which causes weed damage and barrenness of the Bletilla striata base; larger bases have no way to weed in time, and weeds compete for the light and fertilizer needed for the growth and development of Bletilla striata, making it barren. Second, it is difficult to apply pesticides. It takes 200 workers to apply pesticides on a 1,000-mu base at a time. Effective prevention and control of pests and diseases requires applying pesticides once every two days, which means at least 100 people are needed. In addition, the weeds on the base are not cleaned in time, and the weeds submerge the white ginseng plants, making it difficult to spray the rust pesticides on the white ginseng leaves. The effect of spraying pesticides is seriously affected, especially after April. The rust spores are dusty and spread quickly, making it impossible to effectively prevent and control them. As a result, the leaves of the white ginseng tuber formation period from May to July are scorched, resulting in low yields of white ginseng, or even total crop failure (such as Figure 3 shown). Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of low yield or total crop failure in artificial field planting of Bletilla striata, the present invention provides a method for efficiently preventing and controlling diseases and weeds of Bletilla striata, comprising the following steps:

[0006] Select seedlings and choose the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata;

[0007] Selecting a site and a geographical environment with sandy loam, yellow loam or loam previously planted with gramineous crops, and building a greenhouse in the geographical environment;

[0008] Prepare the land, plow and dig furrows in the greenhouse, and spread decomposed organic fertilizer or humus on the surface;

[0009] Transplanting, digging planting furrows on the bed, with a spacing of 28-35 cm and a depth of 10-20 cm, planting the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in the planting furrows with a spacing of 22-26 cm; controlling the light transmittance in the greenhouse to 40%-60%, the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-30°C, and the water content of the soil in the greenhouse to 40%-80%;

[0010] After fertilization and transplanting of saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata, foliar fertilizer, compound fertilizer and farmyard manure were applied;

[0011] Harvesting: Bletilla striata can be dug up 2-3 years after the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are planted.

[0012] Preferably, the Bletilla stalk saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings are obtained by taking Bletilla stalk tissue culture bulbs out of bottles and cultivating them in a greenhouse, forming a tuber saddle shape, the tuber has 2-3 forked branches, at least 2 of which are longer than 2 cm, the tuber is thicker than 1 cm, and has 2-4 leaves.

[0013] Preferably, the altitude of the geographical environment is 100-2500 m, the slope is less than or equal to 25°, and the depth of the loam layer is greater than 0.5 m.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil spread on the bed surface is 2-4 cm.

[0015] Preferably, the transplanting period avoids snow and freezing weather, and the transplanting density is 5000-6000 plants / 667m 2 .

[0016] Preferably, when the tillage and furrowing and ridge forming are performed, the tillage depth is 25-30 cm, the ridge height is 20-30 cm, the furrow width is 30-40 cm, and the bed width is 1-1.5 m.

[0017] Preferably, the temperature control method includes: in summer, rolling up the film, sunshade net and insect-proof net on all sides to keep the greenhouse ventilated and the temperature inside the greenhouse not higher than 30°C; in spring and autumn, opening the front and rear doors of the greenhouse on sunny days to keep ventilation, and keeping the temperature below 20°C on rainy days, keeping the doors closed on all sides to keep warm; in winter, sealing the greenhouse on all sides to keep warm.

[0018] Preferably, the method for controlling the moisture content includes: maintaining the soil moisture content at 50-80% in spring, summer and autumn; and maintaining the soil moisture content at 40-50% in winter.

[0019] Preferably, during the period from March to June, foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the saddle-type domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata every 15-20 days, and the amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time is 80-100g / 667m 2 ;

[0020] In spring and winter, compound fertilizer is applied on the surface of the bed. In winter, compound fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure after the white schizonepeta seedlings are turned over. Compound fertilizer is applied 2-3 times in spring and winter, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 10-20kg / 667m 2 , the amount of farmyard manure is 200-300kg / 667m 2 .

[0021] Preferably, the cultivation method also includes pest control, spraying fungicides once every 15-20 days during the period from February to October, and the dosage of fungicides is 5-16 mL / m 2 .

[0022] In order to solve the problem of low yield or total failure in artificial field planting of Bletilla striata, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0023] 1. High yield and excellent quality.

[0024] 2. The labor cost of weeding is greatly reduced. For one mu of field planting, 15 to 20 workers are needed to weed one year. The present invention only needs one worker, and no chemical agents are used for weeding.

[0025] Taking advantage of the fact that field weeds reproduce by seeds and love light, greenhouse facilities prevent weed seeds from flying into the Bletilla striata base, and provide shade to inhibit the growth and development of weeds, thus solving the technical problem of field weeding.

[0026] 3. Solved the problem of pests and diseases that restricted the "harvest or no harvest" of Bletilla striata. The main common disease of Bletilla striata is rust. The spores of rust are dusty. Once they occur in the field, they will be blown away by the wind and are extremely difficult to prevent and control. A whole base will be infected in a few days, causing the leaves to turn yellow, resulting in a total harvest of Bletilla striata and economic losses. Greenhouse facilities block the spread of rust spores and effectively prevent and control rust.

[0027] 4. Keep the greenhouse soil moist, and keep the water content at 40-80% all year round. Ensure the normal growth and development of Bletilla striata, and greatly increase the yield. The method of greenhouse cultivation of Bletilla striata has changed the high-investment Bletilla striata cultivation that "relies on the weather". The Bletilla striata base with efficient facilities is not afraid of drought, hail, or severe cold. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1The present invention shows the base for cultivating "saddle-shaped" domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in facilities from September 2023 to May 2024 after cultivating Bletilla striata in greenhouses;

[0029] Figure 2 It shows that after the greenhouse cultivation of Bletilla striata in September 2023, one "saddle-shaped" domesticated seedling of Bletilla striata cultivated in facilities was obtained and developed into two large tubers by August 2024;

[0030] Figure 3 Shown is the base of leaves of field-grown Bletilla striata after being infected with rust in May. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present disclosure will now be discussed with reference to several exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are discussed only to enable those skilled in the art to better understand and thus implement the present disclosure, rather than implying any limitation on the scope of the present disclosure.

[0032] This embodiment discloses a method for efficiently preventing and controlling diseases and weeds of Bletilla striata, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Select seedlings and choose the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata;

[0034] Selecting a site and a geographical environment with sandy loam, yellow loam or loam previously planted with gramineous crops, and building a greenhouse in the geographical environment;

[0035] Prepare the land, plow and dig furrows in the greenhouse, and spread decomposed organic fertilizer or humus on the surface;

[0036] Transplanting, digging planting furrows on the bed, with a spacing of 28-35 cm and a depth of 10-20 cm, planting the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in the planting furrows with a spacing of 22-26 cm; controlling the light transmittance in the greenhouse to 40%-60%, the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-30°C, and the water content of the soil in the greenhouse to 40%-80%;

[0037] After fertilization and transplanting of saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata, foliar fertilizer, compound fertilizer and farmyard manure were applied;

[0038] Harvesting: Bletilla striata can be dug up 2-3 years after the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are planted.

[0039] In this embodiment, the weeds are basically annual and reproduce by seeds. The greenhouse isolates most of the weed seeds from flying into the Bletilla striata base; weeds are light-loving plants, and the shading of the greenhouse also inhibits the growth of weeds. Weeding is simple and easy, and only requires less than 10% of manual weeding in the field. The spores of the Bletilla striata rust fungus are dusty, and the greenhouse isolates the rust spores from spreading, effectively controlling the spread of rust. The light transmittance in the greenhouse is 40%-60%, so that the Bletilla striata is always in suitable light conditions, and the photosynthesis of the Bletilla striata is kept in a good state, which promotes the growth and development of the Bletilla striata and effectively improves the yield and quality of the Bletilla striata. During the growth and development season of the Bletilla striata, the temperature in the greenhouse is controlled to 20-30°C, and the soil moisture content is controlled to 50-80%, which further provides suitable growth conditions for the growth of the Bletilla striata. The method of building a greenhouse first and then preparing the land is convenient for the control of water and fertilization.

[0040] Preferably, the row sowing method is adopted to plant the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata.

[0041] Preferably, the light transmittance in the greenhouse is 50-60%.

[0042] Preferably, the Bletilla stalk saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings are obtained by taking Bletilla stalk tissue culture bulbs out of bottles and cultivating them in a greenhouse, forming a tuber saddle shape, the tuber has 2-3 forked branches, at least 2 of which are longer than 2 cm, the tuber is thicker than 1 cm, and has 2-4 leaves.

[0043] Preferably, the altitude of the geographical environment is 100-2500 m, the slope is less than or equal to 25°, and the depth of the loam layer is greater than 0.5 m.

[0044] Preferably, the thickness of the decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil spread on the bed surface is 2-4 cm.

[0045] Preferably, the transplanting period avoids snow and freezing weather, and the transplanting density is 5000-6000 plants / 667m 2 .

[0046] Preferably, the temperature control method includes: in summer, rolling up the film, sunshade net and insect-proof net on all sides to keep the greenhouse ventilated and the temperature inside the greenhouse not higher than 30°C; in spring and autumn, opening the front and rear doors of the greenhouse on sunny days to keep ventilation, and keeping the temperature below 20°C on rainy days, keeping the doors closed on all sides to keep warm; in winter, sealing the greenhouse on all sides to keep warm.

[0047] Preferably, the method for controlling the moisture content includes: maintaining the soil moisture content at 50-80% in spring, summer and autumn; and maintaining the soil moisture content at 40-50% in winter.

[0048] Preferably, during the period from March to June, foliar fertilizer is sprayed on the saddle-type domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata every 15-20 days, and the amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time is 80-100g / 667m2 ;

[0049] In spring and winter, compound fertilizer is applied on the surface of the bed. In winter, compound fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure after the white schizonepeta seedlings are turned over. Compound fertilizer is applied 2-3 times in spring and winter, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 10-20kg / 667m 2 , the amount of farmyard manure is 200-300kg / 667m 2 .

[0050] In this embodiment, by spraying foliar fertilizer, sufficient nutrients are ensured during the growth and development of Bletilla striata, the robust growth of Bletilla striata is promoted, and the yield and quality of Bletilla striata are effectively improved. Further use of compound fertilizer and farmyard manure further improves the yield and quality of Bletilla striata.

[0051] Preferably, the cultivation method also includes pest control, spraying fungicides once every 15-20 days during the period from February to October, and the dosage of fungicides is 5-16 mL / m 2 .

[0052] Example 1

[0053] The saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of "Guiji No. 1" (Bletilla striata) were selected. The saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata were obtained by acclimatization in greenhouses after the bulbs of Bletilla striata were taken out of bottles for seedling hardening. The leaves were 2-4, and the tubers were saddle-shaped. The tubers had 2-3 forked branches, and at least 2 branches were longer than 2 cm. The tuber thickness was greater than 1 cm. The saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata were free of quarantine diseases, pollution, stem rot, and root rot.

[0054] In Pingtang County, Guizhou Province, the geographical environment is selected as 100-2500m above sea level, with a slope of less than or equal to 25°, sufficient sunlight, and far away from urban areas, industrial and mining areas, traffic trunk lines, industrial pollution sources, domestic garbage dumps, etc.; the soil conditions are most suitable for sandy loam, loose soil, fertile soil, good permeability, and convenient irrigation. Other dryland crops such as corn planted in the previous crop are suitable for planting white schizonepeta, or yellow loam, etc., the soil depth is greater than 0.5 meters, and other types of soil should be improved by adding 3-5cm thick humus soil to the surface layer. The soil environmental quality parameters should comply with the provisions of GB 15618; under the above geographical environment, a greenhouse, a sunshade net and an insect-proof net are built. The sunshade net is a black sunshade net covering the outside of the greenhouse, and a sprinkler irrigation system is installed in the greenhouse. The width of the greenhouse is 5-6 meters, the top height is 2-3.2 meters, the side height is 1-1.2 meters, the arch rod spacing is 1-1.1 meters, and the greenhouse uses 10-12 silk PO crystal film;

[0055] The land should be cultivated about 5 days before transplanting, with a depth of 25-30cm, furrows and ridges, with a ridge height of 20-30cm, a furrow width of 30-40cm, and a bed width of 1-1.5m. The fertilizer should be 500-800kg / 667m 2Spread the fully decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil evenly on the surface of the box. The thickness of the decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil on the surface of the box is 2-4cm, which provides excellent base fertilizer for the growth and development of the rare orchid plant Bletilla striata.

[0056] The transplanting period of Bletilla striata saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings is September 2023. The planting method is row sowing. Use a hoe to dig planting furrows perpendicular to the bed surface. The planting interval is 28-35cm, and the planting furrow depth is 15-20cm. Place Bletilla striata saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings at intervals of 22-26cm in the planting furrows. Place one Bletilla saddle-shaped domesticated seedling in one planting furrow. Straighten the seedlings and cover them with fine soil to keep the bed surface flat. The transplanting density is 5000-6000 plants / 667m 2 ;

[0057] After the transplanting of the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata, the temperature control method is as follows: in the hot summer season, roll up the film, sunshade net and insect-proof net around the greenhouse to keep the greenhouse ventilated and the temperature inside the greenhouse not higher than 30℃; in spring and autumn, open the front and rear doors of the greenhouse on sunny days to keep ventilation, and keep the temperature below 20℃ on rainy days, and keep the greenhouse closed to keep warm; in winter, seal the greenhouse on all sides to keep warm; the air should comply with the provisions of GB 3095;

[0058] The irrigation method is to spray once every morning before 11:00 or after 16:00 in the afternoon in summer. In spring and autumn, spray once every 3-5 days according to soil conditions to keep the soil moisture content at 50-80% in spring, summer and autumn. In winter, spray once according to weather and soil conditions to keep the soil moisture content at 40-50%. The water quality for irrigation should meet the requirements of GB 5084.

[0059] After transplanting the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata, spray 1000 times diluted solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate or other high-potassium foliar fertilizer on them at intervals of 15-20 days from March to June each year. The amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time is 80-100g / 667m 2 After fertilization and transplanting of saddle-shaped seedlings of Bletilla striata, foliar fertilizer, compound fertilizer and farmyard manure are applied; during the three months of April, May and December each year, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer is spread on the surface of the bed once a month, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 10-20kg / 667m 2 In December of each year, after the white ginseng seedlings are overturned, 200-300kg / 667m2 of fully decomposed cow dung and other farmyard manure and 10-20kg / 667m 2 Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers are mixed and spread on the surface of the van; the fertilizers should meet the requirements of NY / T 496;

[0060] The pest control period is from February to October, and the electrostatic sprayer is used to spray low-toxic and high-efficiency fungicidal pesticides every 15-20 days. The dosage of fungicidal pesticides is 5-16mL / m 2The main pests and diseases of Bletilla striata and their control measures are shown in Table 3, which should comply with the "GB 4285 Pesticide Safety Use Standard" and the NY / T393 Green Food Pesticide Use Principles.

[0061] Harvest: The saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are dug up 2-3 years after planting, and dug up on sunny days from July to October. They are dug up manually with a two-tooth hoe or mechanically, and are dug up gradually from 30 cm away from the plant to the stem. The stems and leaves are cut off, and the soil is shaken off to obtain the required Bletilla striata, which is then transported back.

[0062] The excavated Bletilla striata is initially processed by cutting off the fibrous roots, dividing the tubers into individual ones, removing impurities and cleaning them, boiling or blanching until there is no white core inside, taking out and cooling, drying them in the sun until they are half dry, removing the skin, and then drying them in the sun or in an oven.

[0063] In this embodiment, from September 2023 to May 2024, the base for cultivating the "saddle-type" domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in facilities is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. After greenhouse cultivation of Bletilla striata in September 2023, one acclimated seedling of Bletilla striata "saddle type" was obtained from August 2024 and developed into two large tubers, as shown in Figure 2. Figure 2 shown.

[0064] After one year of planting Bletilla striata in this embodiment, the survival rate of Bletilla striata reached more than 97%, and the yield of Bletilla striata reached more than 1671.62 kg / mu.

[0065] Example 2

[0066] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that specific growth indexes of saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are given. The growth indexes of saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in this embodiment are shown in Table 1. The growth indexes of Bletilla striata detected one year after planting Bletilla striata are shown in Table 1. One year after planting Bletilla striata in this embodiment, the survival rate of Bletilla striata reaches more than 97%, and the yield of Bletilla striata reaches more than 1671.62 kg / mu.

[0067] Table 1 Comparison of growth indicators of Bletilla striata “saddle type” domesticated seedlings before and after one year of planting

[0068]

[0069] As can be seen from Table 1, through the cultivation method of Bletilla striata of this embodiment, the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata produced significant and excellent growth changes after one year of growth and development.

[0070] Comparative Example

[0071] The comparative example is the Bletilla striata planted in the artificial field in the Lasu area of ​​Pingtang County, Guizhou Province in September 2023. The highest yield of Bletilla striata planted in the field one year later is 606.95 kg / mu.

[0072] The comparative example of Bletilla striata planted in the artificial field for one year was selected, and the relevant test results were compared with the Bletilla striata planted in the greenhouse for one year using the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of "Guiji No. 1" (Bletilla striata) in Example 1, as shown in Table 2.

[0073] Table 2 Comparison of relevant test results of Example 1 and Comparative Example

[0074]

[0075] As can be seen from Table 2, the content of bletilla striata glycoside in the bletilla striata cultivated in the greenhouse for one year of the present invention can reach more than 6.1%, and the content of bletilla striata glycoside in the bletilla striata cultivated in the field for one year is 4.6%. It can be seen that the content of bletilla striata glycoside in the bletilla striata obtained by the present invention is significantly higher than that in the bletilla striata obtained in the field. Bletilla striata glycoside is the main component of the medicinal material bletilla striata, indicating that the quality of the bletilla striata obtained by the present invention through greenhouse cultivation is better than that obtained in the field, breaking the concept that the quality of bletilla striata in traditional greenhouse cultivation is lower than that in the field. Secondly, the yield of the present invention after one year of planting is more than 1671.62 kg / mu, while the maximum yield of bletilla striata cultivated in the field for one year in the same period is 606.95 kg / mu, and the yield is increased by 175.4%. The bletilla striata cultivation method of the present invention provides a new idea for the cultivation of bletilla striata, makes a technical breakthrough in the field of bletilla striata cultivation, and can be greatly promoted and applied. According to the highest content of Bletilla striata in Bletilla striata and the fact that traditional field cultivation of Bletilla striata takes 3-4 years, it can be concluded that the cultivation of Bletilla striata can be shortened from 3-4 years to 2-3 years through the Bletilla striata cultivation method of the present invention. Through the Bletilla striata cultivation method of the present invention, the cultivation cycle of Bletilla striata is shortened, and the production cost is greatly reduced.

[0076] The survival rate of the Bletilla striata obtained by one-year cultivation in the greenhouse of the present invention is high, and the Bletilla striata yield is more than 1671.62 kg / mu, while the maximum Bletilla striata yield obtained by one-year cultivation in the field is 606.95 kg / mu. It can be seen that the Bletilla striata yield of the present invention is significantly higher than that of the Bletilla striata in the field.

[0077] Table 3 Main diseases and pests of Bletilla striata and their control measures

[0078]

[0079]

[0080]

[0081] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-mentioned embodiments are specific examples for implementing the present disclosure, and in actual applications, various changes may be made thereto in form and detail without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A method for efficiently preventing and weeding Bletilla striata, characterized in that: The steps include: Select seedlings and choose the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata; Selecting a site and a geographical environment with sandy loam, yellow loam or loam previously planted with gramineous crops, and building a greenhouse in the geographical environment; Prepare the land, plow and dig furrows in the greenhouse, and spread decomposed organic fertilizer or humus on the surface; Transplanting, digging planting furrows on the bed, with a spacing of 28-35 cm and a depth of 10-20 cm, planting the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata in the planting furrows with a spacing of 22-26 cm; controlling the light transmittance in the greenhouse to 40%-60%, the temperature in the greenhouse to 20-30°C, and the water content of the soil in the greenhouse to 40%-80%; After fertilization and transplanting of saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata, foliar fertilizer, compound fertilizer and farmyard manure were applied; Harvesting: Bletilla striata can be dug up 2-3 years after the saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are planted.

2. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The saddle-shaped domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata are obtained by taking Bletilla striata tissue culture bulbs out of bottles and cultivating them in greenhouses, forming tubers in the shape of saddles. The tubers have 2-3 forked branches, at least 2 of which are longer than 2 cm, the thickness of the tubers is greater than 1 cm, and the number of leaves is 2-4.

3. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The altitude of the geographical environment is 100-2500m, the slope is less than or equal to 25°, and the depth of the loam layer is greater than 0.5m.

4. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the decomposed organic fertilizer or humus soil spread on the bed surface is 2-4 cm.

5. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transplanting period should avoid snow and freezing weather, and the transplanting density is 5000-6000 plants / 667m 2 .

6. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the tillage and furrowing and ridge-forming are performed, the tillage depth is 25-30 cm, the ridge height is 20-30 cm, the furrow width is 30-40 cm, and the bed width is 1-1.5 m.

7. A highly effective disease prevention and weed control method for Bletilla striata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature control method includes: in summer, rolling up the film, sunshade net and insect-proof net on all sides to keep the greenhouse ventilated and the temperature inside the greenhouse not higher than 30°C; in spring and autumn, opening the front and rear doors of the greenhouse on sunny days to keep ventilation, and keeping the temperature below 20°C on rainy days and keeping the greenhouse closed on all sides to keep it warm; in winter, the greenhouse is sealed on all sides to keep it warm.

8. A highly effective disease prevention and weed control method for Bletilla striata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for controlling the water content comprises: maintaining the soil water content at 50-80% in spring, summer and autumn; and maintaining the soil water content at 40-50% in winter.

9. A Bletilla striata high-efficiency disease prevention and weed control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the period from March to June, spray foliar fertilizer on the saddle-type domesticated seedlings of Bletilla striata every 15-20 days, with the amount of foliar fertilizer applied each time being 80-100g / 667m 2 ; In spring and winter, compound fertilizer is applied on the surface of the bed. In winter, compound fertilizer is mixed with farmyard manure after the white schizonepeta seedlings are turned over. Compound fertilizer is applied 2-3 times in spring and winter, and the amount of compound fertilizer applied each time is 10-20kg / 667m 2 , the amount of farmyard manure is 200-300kg / 667m 2 .

10. A highly effective disease prevention and weed control method for Bletilla striata according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cultivation method also includes pest control. During the period from February to October, fungicides are sprayed once every 15 to 20 days, and the dosage of fungicides is 5 to 16 mL / m 2 .

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