A pressure reducing distillation device for damping oil

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of pressure-reducing rectification devices for damping oil, it is related to rectification device technical field, including rectification tower, two reaction kettles, lift pipe, shunt device;Shunt device includes flow collection plate, guide ring, two shunt tanks, recovery tank is equipped in guide ring, two guide holes are formed in the bottom of recovery tank, two shunt tanks are communicated with two guide holes respectively;The flow collection plate has multiple, the flow collection plate includes main body, upper flapper and lower flapper, the lower flapper bottom and the main body bottom form the recess of V type with opening upwards between;The upper flapper bottom and the main body bottom form the recess with opening downwards between;The cross-sectional length of the upper flapper is less than the cross-sectional length of lower flapper;Stable airflow is realized, reduce the influence of airflow to reflux liquid, make reflux liquid more concentrated technical effect simultaneously.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of distillation apparatus technology, and more particularly to a vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil. Background Technology

[0002] Damping oil typically refers to lubricating oil used in various dampers, such as automotive shock absorbers, hydraulic dampers, and vibration control devices in construction engineering. Its main function is to provide damping force, reduce vibration and impact, thereby achieving the purposes of shock absorption, noise reduction, and smooth motion. Damping oil refining refers to the process of extracting lubricating oil from crude oil through a series of physical and chemical processes to obtain lubricating oil that meets specific performance requirements.

[0003] Currently, many domestic processes involve directly feeding material from a reactor into a distillation system. To increase capacity in such systems, it is necessary to either reconfigure a reactor and distillation system or add a new reactor to the existing distillation column. The former is more expensive and limited by civil engineering design, lacking sufficient space and load-bearing capacity, resulting in higher equipment costs. The latter, due to uneven reflux distribution in the distillation column, causes the reactor to fail to meet requirements, preventing it from reaching its design capacity and reducing the output per reactor, severely restricting the stable full-load operation of the unit. Chinese patent CN113350821B, published in the prior art, discloses a device for improving the operating efficiency of a distillation system. The device includes a distillation column, two reaction vessels, a riser pipe, and a flow divider. The riser pipe has an inverted Y-shaped structure, with the bottom of the distillation column connected to the top of the riser pipe. The riser pipe consists of an upper main pipe and two lower branch pipes, with the two outlets of the two branch pipes connected to the two reaction vessels respectively. The flow divider is located inside the distillation column near the bottom, with two reflux pipes connected to the bottom of the flow divider. The two reflux pipes extend into the two branch pipes of the riser pipe respectively. The diversion device includes a collector plate, a recovery tank, and two diversion tanks. The recovery tank and the diversion tanks are located below the collector plate, and the diversion tanks are located below the recovery tank. The recovery tank is connected to the two diversion tanks, and the two diversion tanks are connected to the diversion pipes. The collector plate is formed by connecting two V-shaped collector plates. The two V-shaped collector plates are connected at one end, and the opening directions of the two V-shaped plates are opposite. The two V-shaped plates are arranged one above the other, and the adjacent double V-shaped collector plates overlap horizontally in the upper part.

[0004] The aforementioned distillation apparatus adds an extra reactor to the existing set of reactors and distillation column, which can improve distillation efficiency when operating two reactors simultaneously. However, in the process of collecting reflux liquid using the collector plates in this apparatus, the airflow flows upward from the bottom of the collector plate. When the airflow passes through the upper V-shaped plate, it is easily obstructed by the V-shaped plate and directed to the lower V-shaped plate. This affects the reflux liquid collected on the lower V-shaped plate, increasing the risk of overflow or splashing. Simultaneously, it causes turbulence in the airflow between multiple collector plates, resulting in a larger mass of reflux liquid that easily attracts mist particles from the airflow. When the airflow blows towards the reflux liquid collected at the lower V-shaped plate, the mist particles that were originally intended to enter the distillation column mix with the reflux liquid, reducing the number of particles entering the refining column. Furthermore, the reflux liquid may contain impurities, thus affecting refining efficiency and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil, which solves the technical problem in the prior art where the airflow is easily disturbed when passing through the collector plate, blowing towards the already collected reflux liquid and affecting the refining efficiency. It achieves the technical effect of stabilizing the airflow, reducing the impact of the airflow on the reflux liquid, and making the reflux liquid more concentrated.

[0006] This application provides a vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil, including a distillation column, two reaction vessels, a riser pipe, and a flow distribution device. The flow distribution device includes a flow collector, a flow guide ring, and two flow distribution channels. A recovery channel is provided inside the flow guide ring, and two flow guide holes are opened at the bottom of the recovery channel. The two flow distribution channels are respectively connected to the two flow guide holes. The flow collector has multiple plates, which are fixed in the middle of the flow guide ring. Each flow collector includes a main body, an upper folding plate, and a lower folding plate. The upper folding plate and the lower folding plate are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the main body. The upper folding plate is fixed to the upper end of the main body, and the lower folding plate is fixed to the lower end of the main body. An upward-opening V-shaped groove is formed between the bottom of the lower folding plate and the bottom of the main body. A downward-opening groove is formed between the bottom of the upper folding plate and the bottom of the main body. The cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate is smaller than the cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate.

[0007] Preferably, the guide ring is annular in shape, with its lower end face being a horizontally arranged annular plate. The center of the lower end face of the guide ring is a vent. Both the inner and outer edges of the guide ring have vertical sidewalls, wherein the height of the outer sidewall is greater than that of the inner sidewall. The bottom ends of the collecting plate are fixed to the top edge of the inner sidewall of the guide ring. The height of the outer sidewall of the guide ring is greater than or equal to the sum of the height of the inner sidewall and the height of the collecting plate. The recovery trough is located between the inner and outer sidewalls of the guide ring. A middle plate is horizontally arranged at the top center of the inner sidewall of the guide ring. The middle plate is a straight plate with a V-shaped cross-section. The length of the middle plate passes through the center of the vent, and the bottom ends of the middle plate are fixed to the top of the inner sidewall of the guide ring. The cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate.

[0008] Preferably, the plurality of collecting plates are arranged linearly along the radial direction of the vent and symmetrically arranged on both sides about the length direction of the intermediate plate. The length of the plurality of collecting plates is adapted to the inner sidewall edge of the guide ring, which can guide the return liquid into the recovery tank. Between adjacent collecting plates, the end of the upper fold plate away from the main body is located directly above the lower fold plate, so that the return liquid falling on the upper fold plate can slide into the V-shaped groove formed between the lower fold plate and the main body, so that the return liquid accumulates in the V-shaped groove and is then guided into the recovery tank through the V-shaped groove. The highest point of the two lower fold plates on the two adjacent sides of the intermediate plate is located directly above the intermediate plate. The cross-sectional length of the upper fold plate farthest from both sides of the intermediate plate in the length direction is adapted to the inner sidewall of the guide ring, and its edge is located directly above the inner edge of the recovery tank, which is used to guide the return liquid into the recovery tank.

[0009] Preferably, the height of the multiple collector plates decreases in a stepped manner from the middle plate to both sides, with the collector plate closest to the middle plate having the highest height and the collector plate farthest from the middle plate having the lowest height.

[0010] Preferably, the upper folding plate is horizontally arranged, and the upper folding plate and the collector plate form an obtuse angle.

[0011] Preferably, the upper folding plate has multiple air combing grooves on the side away from the main body of the collector plate. The air combing grooves are rectangular through grooves, and one side of the air combing grooves penetrates the edge of the upper folding plate. The multiple air combing grooves are evenly arranged along the length direction of the upper folding plate, thereby forming a tooth-shaped notch at the edge of the upper folding plate. The length direction of the air combing grooves is perpendicular to the length direction of the upper folding plate, and the length of the air combing grooves is equal to half the width of the upper folding plate. The side of the air combing grooves closest to the main body of the collector plate is located directly above the lower folding plate.

[0012] Preferably, the main body of the flow collector is a combination of a curved panel and a straight panel. The middle part of the main body is bent to the side of the lower folding plate, the bottom of the main body is a straight plate, a V-shaped groove is formed between the straight plate part of the main body and the lower folding plate, a flow collection channel is formed between the bottom of the curved panel of the main body and the lower folding plate, and the top of the main body is tangent to the upper folding plate.

[0013] Preferably, the current collector plate is provided with a deflector plate and a temperature sensing bag; in the initial state, the deflector plate is arranged parallel to the upper folding plate, the deflector plate covers the upper folding plate, the deflector plate is a rectangular plate, and one side of the deflector plate is hinged to the connection between the upper folding plate and the main body of the current collector plate, so that the deflector plate can open and close along the width direction of the upper folding plate, and the maximum opening and closing angle between the upper folding plate and the deflector plate is 90 degrees.

[0014] The deflector plate has multiple flow-limiting grooves, each corresponding to a combing groove. The length of the flow-limiting groove is less than the length of the combing groove, which is twice the length of the flow-limiting groove. When the airflow temperature passing through the upper baffle is normal, the lower end face of the deflector plate is in close contact with the upper end face of the upper baffle. At this time, under the action of the flow-limiting grooves, the combing groove is partially blocked, thereby reducing the flow rate of the upward-sloping airflow and increasing the flow rate of the horizontal airflow.

[0015] Preferably, the temperature sensing bag is a long strip-shaped bag with an internal cavity. The two ends of the temperature sensing bag are respectively fixed to the upper surface of the deflector plate and the main body of the collector plate. The temperature sensing bag is made of elastic rubber and is filled with paraffin wax, which is initially in a solidified state.

[0016] Preferably, a curling plate is fixedly installed inside the temperature sensing bag; the curling plate is a metal sheet. In normal working condition, the deflector plate is in a horizontal state, and the curling plate is in a power storage state due to the restriction of solid paraffin and the temperature sensing bag; when the paraffin melts, the curling plate loses its restriction and curls away from the upper folding plate, so that the deflector plate rotates to a vertical state.

[0017] One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: By setting a guide ring, the height of the outer ring is greater than or equal to the height of the collector plate, reducing the impact of the uncertain reflux trajectory on the internal temperature and airflow of the distillation column. At the same time, limiting the relative width of the upper and lower baffles reduces the possibility of the airflow being reversed by the upper baffle, thus reducing the negative impact between the airflow and the already collected reflux. The lower baffle is positioned to adapt to the upper baffle, catching the flowing reflux while ensuring its stable flow into the recovery tank. This solves the technical problem in the prior art where the airflow is easily disturbed when passing through the collector plate, blowing towards the already collected reflux and affecting refining efficiency. It achieves the technical effect of stabilizing the airflow, reducing the impact of the airflow on the reflux, and making the reflux more concentrated. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the guide ring of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to the present invention; Figure 3 This is a front view cross-sectional schematic diagram of the guide ring of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of the guide ring structure of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the guide ring in Embodiment 2 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a front view cross-sectional schematic diagram of the guide ring in Embodiment 2 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a top view of the upper baffle plate in Embodiment 3 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the manifold structure and gas flow direction in Embodiment 3 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the deflector plate structure in Embodiment 4 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the horizontal state of the deflector plate in Embodiment 4 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical state of the deflector plate in Embodiment 4 of the vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a top view of the deflector plate structure in Embodiment 4 of the depressurization distillation apparatus for damping oil of the present invention.

[0019] In the diagram: distillation column 100; diversion tank 110; riser pipe 200; reflux pipe 210; reactor 300; guide ring 400; recovery tank 410; guide hole 420; vent 430; intermediate plate 440; collector plate 500; upper baffle plate 510; combing groove 511; lower baffle plate 520; collection channel 521; temperature sensing bag 530; coiled plate 531; paraffin wax 532; deflector plate 540; flow limiting groove 541. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of this application will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0021] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0022] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0023] Example 1 like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this application discloses a vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil, comprising a distillation column 100, two reaction vessels 300, a riser pipe 200, and a distribution device. The riser pipe 200 has an inverted Y-shaped structure, with the bottom of the distillation column 100 connected to the top of the riser pipe 200. The riser pipe 200 consists of an upper main pipe and two lower branch pipes, with the two outlets of the two branch pipes respectively connected to the two reaction vessels 300. The distribution device is located inside the distillation column 100 near the bottom, and its bottom is connected to... Two reflux pipes 210 are connected, each extending into one of the branch pipes of the riser pipe 200. The flow distribution device includes a collector plate 500, a guide ring 400, and two flow distribution channels 110. A recovery channel 410 is located within the guide ring 400, with two guide holes 420 at its bottom. The two flow distribution channels 110 are located below the recovery channel 410 and are connected to the two guide holes 420 and the reflux pipes 210 respectively. Two reaction vessels 300 are located below the distillation column 100. The collector plate 500 includes a main body, an upper folding plate 510, and a lower folding plate 520. The upper folding plate 510 and the lower folding plate 520 are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the main body. The upper folding plate 510 is fixed to the upper end of the main body, and the lower folding plate 520 is fixed to the lower end of the main body. The angle between the main body and the horizontal plane is 60 degrees to 70 degrees. A V-shaped groove with an upward opening is formed between the bottom of the lower folding plate 520 and the bottom of the main body. A V-shaped groove with a downward opening is formed between the bottom of the upper folding plate 510 and the bottom of the main body. The cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate 510 is less than the cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate 520, and the cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate 520 is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate 510. The guide ring 400 is generally annular, with its lower end face being a horizontally arranged annular plate. The center of the lower end face of the guide ring 400 is a vent 430. Both the inner and outer ring edges of the guide ring 400 have vertical sidewalls, with the height of the outer ring sidewall being greater than that of the inner ring sidewall. The bottom ends of the collecting plate 500 are fixed to the top edge of the inner sidewall of the guide ring 400. The height of the outer sidewall of the guide ring 400 is greater than or equal to the sum of the height of the inner sidewall and the height of the collecting plate 500. The recovery trough 410 is located between the inner and outer sidewalls of the guide ring 400. A middle plate 440 is horizontally arranged at the top center of the inner sidewall of the guide ring 400. The middle plate 440 is a straight plate with a V-shaped cross-section. The length of the middle plate 440 passes through the center of the vent 430, and the bottom ends of the middle plate 440 are fixed to the top of the inner sidewall of the guide ring 400.

[0024] There are multiple flow collectors 500, which are arranged linearly along the radial direction of the vent 430 and symmetrically arranged on both sides of the intermediate plate 440 along its length. The length of the multiple flow collectors 500 is adapted to the inner sidewall edge of the guide ring 400, enabling them to guide the return liquid into the recovery tank 410. Between adjacent flow collectors 500, the end of the upper baffle 510 away from the main body is located directly above the lower baffle 520, allowing the return liquid falling onto the upper baffle 510 to slide off. The reflux liquid is drawn into the V-shaped groove formed between the lower folding plate 520 and the main body, so that the reflux liquid accumulates in the V-shaped groove and is then guided into the recovery tank 410 through the V-shaped groove; the highest point of the two lower folding plates 520 on the two adjacent sides of the intermediate plate 440 is located directly above the intermediate plate 440; the cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate 510, which is furthest from the intermediate plate 440 in the length direction, is adapted to the inner sidewall of the guide ring 400, and its edge is located directly above the inner edge of the recovery tank 410, which is used to guide the reflux liquid to fall into the recovery tank 410; During the operation of the refining unit, the upward movement of the rising airflow and the downward movement of the reflux liquid in the distillation column 100 are synchronized. The reflux liquid is guided by multiple collector plates 500 and an intermediate plate 440, flowing into the recovery tank 410. Simultaneously, the rising airflow, after passing through the vent 430, moves upward at an angle along the lower baffle 520 and the lower end surface of the collector plate 500 body, and rises into the distillation column 100 via the upper baffle 510 and the upper end surface of the body. Because the collector plates 500 on both sides of the intermediate plate 440 are symmetrically arranged in their inclination directions, the rising airflow is split to both sides. The formation of a stable airflow trajectory reduces the risk of airflow disturbance by the collector plate 500, while making the falling trajectory and falling area of ​​the reflux liquid more stable, thus improving the distillation efficiency. By limiting the height of the inner and outer walls of the guide ring 400 and setting the relative dimensions of the upper baffle plate 510 and the lower baffle plate 520, the amount of airflow turning back when the airflow passes through the collector plate 500 is reduced, making the upward airflow flow more smoothly. At the same time, the risk of mist particles in the upward airflow being absorbed by the reflux liquid is reduced, and the risk of reflux liquid splashing caused by the upward airflow is also controlled, further improving the quality of distillation.

[0025] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: This embodiment, by setting a guide ring 400, ensures that the outer ring height of the guide ring 400 is greater than or equal to the height of the collector plate 500. This reduces the impact of the uncertain reflux trajectory on the internal temperature and airflow of the distillation column 100. At the same time, it limits the relative width of the upper baffle plate 510 and the lower baffle plate 520, reducing the possibility of the upper baffle plate 510 causing the airflow to turn back. This reduces the negative impact between the airflow and the already collected reflux liquid. The lower baffle plate 520 adapts to the position of the upper baffle plate 510, catching the falling reflux liquid while ensuring that the reflux liquid flows stably into the recovery tank 410. This solves the technical problem in the prior art where the airflow is easily disturbed when passing through the collector plate 500, blowing towards the already collected reflux liquid and affecting refining efficiency. It achieves the technical effect of stabilizing the airflow, reducing the impact of the airflow on the reflux liquid, and making the reflux liquid more concentrated.

[0026] Example 2 To further improve distillation efficiency, and considering that although the upper baffle 510 in Embodiment 1 reduces the impact on airflow reversal, reversing airflow still exists. Furthermore, mist particles in the rising airflow may form a small-scale cyclone at the bottom of the upper baffle 510, causing premature cooling of the mist particles and affecting the distillation effect. Therefore, improvements to the apparatus are needed, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the specific structure is as follows: The height of the multiple collector plates 500 decreases in stages from the middle plate 440 to both sides, with the collector plate 500 closest to the middle plate 440 having the highest height and the collector plate 500 farthest from the middle plate 440 having the lowest height. The upper folding plate 510 is horizontally set, and the upper folding plate 510 and the collector plate 500 form an obtuse angle.

[0027] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: In this embodiment, by setting up a horizontal upper baffle 510 and a series of stacked flow collectors 500, the airflow enters between the flow collectors 500 through the vent 430. After passing through the bottom of the connection between the upper baffle 510 and the main body of the flow collector 500, the airflow flows horizontally under the action of the upper baffle 510. At the same time, the height difference between adjacent flow collectors 500 is used to smoothly push the airflow ring 400 outward. This also accelerates the flow of the reflux liquid above the adjacent upper baffles 510 and further reduces the influence of the airflow on the falling reflux liquid droplets, thereby promoting the collection speed of the reflux liquid and improving the distillation efficiency.

[0028] Example 3 Considering that in the above embodiment two, when the rising airflow is relatively fast, vortices are easily generated on the V-groove between the lower baffle 520 and the main body of the collecting plate 500 due to the movement of the airflow, and secondly, when the airflow passes the bottom of the upper baffle 510, it changes direction under the guidance of the upper baffle 510, and the airflow speed may slow down during the horizontal movement of the airflow, and the airflow is pushed completely in the horizontal direction, so that the return liquid on the upper baffle 510 can only move in the direction of the airflow. Since the return liquid itself has a certain viscosity, the flow is relatively slow. When the return liquid flows to one side at the same time, the flowing return liquid is crowded in one place, which may cause the return liquid to affect the smoothness of the airflow. Therefore, the device needs to be improved, such as Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the specific structure is as follows: The upper folding plate 510 has multiple air combing grooves 511 on the side away from the main body of the collector plate 500. The air combing grooves 511 are rectangular through grooves, and one side of the air combing grooves 511 penetrates the edge of the upper folding plate 510. The multiple air combing grooves 511 are evenly arranged along the length direction of the upper folding plate 510, thereby forming a neat tooth-shaped notch at the edge of the upper folding plate 510. The length direction of the air combing grooves 511 is perpendicular to the length direction of the upper folding plate 510, and the length of the air combing grooves 511 is equal to half the width of the upper folding plate 510. The side of the air combing grooves 511 closest to the main body of the collector plate 500 is located directly above the lower folding plate 520, thereby preventing droplets from falling directly from the vent 430. The main body of the collector plate 500 is a combination of a curved plate and a straight plate. The middle part of the main body is bent to the side of the lower folding plate 520. The bottom of the main body is a straight plate. A V-shaped groove is formed between the straight plate part of the main body and the lower folding plate 520. A collection channel 521 is formed between the bottom of the curved plate of the main body and the lower folding plate 520. The top of the main body is tangent to the upper folding plate 510.

[0029] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: In this embodiment, by setting a curved main body of the collector plate 500, the connection between the main body of the collector plate 500 and the upper folding plate 510 is smoothly transitioned, and a narrow and elongated collector channel 521 is formed between the lower folding plate 520 and the curved portion of the main body of the collector plate 500. Figure 8 As shown by the hollow arrow, when there is airflow, the airflow flows along the concave surface of the curvature direction of the collecting plate 500, and a channel is formed between adjacent collecting plates 500 with relatively close upper and lower ends and a relatively loose middle section. Thus, it is difficult to form vortices at the channel opening of the collecting channel 521. After entering the collecting plate 500, the airflow speed slows down due to the expansion of the space. When the airflow passes through the upper baffle 510, the space shrinks, the airflow concentrates, and the flow speed increases. The toothed structure of the upper baffle 510 divides the airflow direction into two directions: inclined upward and horizontal. This makes the flow direction of the return liquid on the upper baffle 510 more orderly and smoother. At the same time, the flow direction of the airflow is more stable. Furthermore, the toothed edge of the upper baffle 510 increases the overall length of the edge of the upper baffle 510, giving the return liquid more space to fall at the edge of the upper baffle 510.

[0030] Example 4 Considering the above embodiments, when the gas flow temperature is too high, it indicates that the reaction in the reactor 300 is accelerating. In this case, the gas flow should enter the distillation column 100 more quickly to prevent the high-temperature gas flow from accumulating at the bottom, increasing the internal pressure of the device, and thus causing unnecessary damage. Simultaneously, the user should promptly check the operating status of the reactor 300 for any abnormalities. Therefore, improvements to the device are necessary, such as... Figures 9 to 12 As shown, the specific structure is as follows: The collector plate 500 is provided with a deflector plate 540 and a temperature sensing bag 530. In the initial state, the deflector plate 540 is arranged parallel to the upper folding plate 510, and the deflector plate 540 covers the upper folding plate 510. The deflector plate 540 is a rectangular plate, and one side of the deflector plate 540 is hinged to the connection between the upper folding plate 510 and the main body of the collector plate 500, so that the deflector plate 540 can open and close along the width direction of the upper folding plate 510. The maximum opening and closing angle between the upper folding plate 510 and the deflector plate 540 is 90 degrees.

[0031] The deflector plate 540 has flow-limiting grooves 541, and there are multiple flow-limiting grooves 541. The positions of the flow-limiting grooves 541 correspond one-to-one with the air-combing grooves 511, and the length of the flow-limiting groove 541 is less than the length of the air-combing groove 511. The length of the air-combing groove 511 is twice the length of the flow-limiting groove 541. When the airflow temperature flowing through the upper baffle plate 510 is normal, the lower end face of the deflector plate 540 is in close contact with the upper end face of the upper baffle plate 510. At this time, under the action of the flow-limiting grooves 541, the air-combing grooves 511 are partially blocked, thereby reducing the flow rate of the upward inclined airflow and increasing the flow rate of the horizontal airflow. The temperature sensing bladder 530 is a long strip-shaped bladder with an internal cavity. The two ends of the temperature sensing bladder 530 are respectively fixed to the upper surface of the deflector plate 540 and the main body of the collector plate 500. The temperature sensing bladder 530 is made of a highly heat-resistant elastic rubber material, preferably silicone rubber. The temperature sensing bladder 530 is filled with high-melting-point paraffin wax 532, which is in a solidified state within the normal temperature range of the airflow. Since different types of wax have different melting points, and high-melting-point paraffin wax 532 is existing technology, with industrial waxes having melting points exceeding 150 degrees Celsius, no particular limitation is made here. Users can choose the type of paraffin wax 532 according to the needs of distillation. In this embodiment, polyethylene wax is preferred. The high-melting-point paraffin wax 532, combined with the heat insulation properties of the heat-resistant rubber, allows the temperature sensing bladder 530 to react differently to various temperatures, thereby increasing the reliability and extending the service life of the temperature sensing bladder 530. The temperature-sensing bladder 530 has a fixedly installed curling plate 531 inside. The curling plate 531 is a metal sheet. In normal operation, the deflector plate 540 is in a horizontal state, and the curling plate 531 is constrained by the solid paraffin wax 532 and the temperature-sensing bladder 530, and is in a stored state. When the paraffin wax 532 melts, the curling plate 531 loses its constraint and curls away from the upper folding plate 510, so that the deflector plate 540 rotates to a vertical state. Preferably, the curling plate 531 is a shape memory metal, preferably a nickel-titanium alloy. When the temperature of the curling plate 531 is high and reaches the transformation temperature range, it can curl back into a curved shape.

[0032] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: In this embodiment, by setting up a deflector plate 540 and a temperature sensing bag 530, when the airflow temperature passing through the upper baffle plate 510 is abnormally high, the paraffin wax 532 inside the temperature sensing bag 530 melts, the curling plate 531 loses its restraint, and drives the deflector plate 540 to rotate to a vertical state. At this time, the airflow direction is as follows: Figure 11 As shown by the hollow arrow, the airflow gathers vertically upward at the top of the collector plate 500 and quickly enters the distillation column 100. This prevents the high-temperature airflow from accumulating at the bottom and causing excessive pressure, which could damage the device. It also gives the staff enough time to inspect the reactor 300 and allows them sufficient time to check the inside of the device.

[0033] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil, comprising a distillation column (100), two reaction vessels (300), a riser pipe (200), and a flow divider; the flow divider comprises a collector plate (500), a guide ring (400), and two flow dividers (110), wherein a recovery tank (410) is provided in the guide ring (400), and two guide holes (420) are opened at the bottom of the recovery tank (410), and the two flow dividers (110) are respectively connected to the two guide holes (420); Its features are, There are multiple flow collectors (500), which are fixed in the middle of the flow guide ring. Each flow collector (500) includes a main body, an upper folding plate (510), and a lower folding plate (520). The upper folding plate (510) and the lower folding plate (520) are respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the main body. The upper folding plate (510) is fixed to the upper end of the main body, and the lower folding plate (520) is fixed to the lower end of the main body. A V-shaped groove with an upward opening is formed between the bottom of the lower folding plate (520) and the bottom of the main body. A groove with a downward opening is formed between the bottom of the upper folding plate (510) and the bottom of the main body. The cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate (510) is smaller than the cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate (520). The guide ring (400) is annular in shape. The lower end face of the guide ring (400) is a horizontally arranged annular plate. The annular center of the lower end face of the guide ring (400) is a vent (430). The inner and outer ring edges of the guide ring (400) are provided with vertical sidewalls. The height of the sidewall of the outer ring is greater than the height of the sidewall of the inner ring. The bottom ends of the collecting plate (500) are fixed to the top edge of the inner sidewall of the guide ring (400). The height of the outer sidewall of the guide ring (400) is greater than or equal to the height of the inner sidewall and the height of the collecting plate (500). The sum of degrees; the recycling tank (410) is located between the inner and outer walls of the guide ring (400); a middle plate (440) is horizontally arranged at the top center of the inner wall of the guide ring (400), the middle plate (440) is a straight plate with a V-shaped cross-section, the length direction of the middle plate (440) passes through the center of the vent (430), and the two ends of the bottom of the middle plate (440) are fixed to the top of the inner wall of the guide ring (400); the cross-sectional length of the lower folding plate (520) is 1.5 to 5 times the cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate (510); Multiple collector plates (500) are arranged linearly along the radial direction of the vent (430). The multiple collector plates (500) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the intermediate plate (440) in the length direction. The length of the multiple collector plates (500) is adapted to the inner sidewall edge of the guide ring (400) to guide the return liquid into the recovery tank (410). Between adjacent collector plates (500), the end of the upper baffle (510) away from the main body is located directly above the lower baffle (520) to allow the return liquid falling on the upper baffle (510) to slide off. The reflux liquid is drawn into the V-shaped groove formed between the lower folding plate (520) and the main body, so that the reflux liquid is collected in the V-shaped groove and then introduced into the recovery tank (410) through the V-shaped groove; the highest point of the two lower folding plates (520) on the adjacent sides of the middle plate (440) is located directly above the middle plate (440); the cross-sectional length of the upper folding plate (510) that is furthest from the middle plate (440) in the length direction is adapted to the inner wall of the guide ring (400), and its edge is located directly above the inner edge of the recovery tank (410) to guide the reflux liquid into the recovery tank (410); The upper folding plate (510) has multiple air combing grooves (511) on the side away from the main body of the collector plate (500). The air combing grooves (511) are rectangular through grooves. One side of the air combing grooves (511) penetrates the edge of the upper folding plate (510). The multiple air combing grooves (511) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the upper folding plate (510), thereby forming a tooth-shaped notch on the edge of the upper folding plate (510). The length direction of the air combing grooves (511) is perpendicular to the length direction of the upper folding plate (510). The length of the air combing grooves (511) is equal to half the width of the upper folding plate (510). The side of the air combing grooves (511) closest to the main body of the collector plate (500) is located directly above the lower folding plate (520). The main body of the collector plate (500) is a combination of curved plate and straight plate. The middle part of the main body is bent to the side of the lower fold plate (520). The bottom of the main body is a straight plate. A V-shaped groove is formed between the straight plate part of the main body and the lower fold plate (520). A collection channel (521) is formed between the bottom of the curved plate of the main body and the lower fold plate (520). The top of the main body is tangent to the upper fold plate (510).

2. The vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the multiple collector plates (500) decreases in stages from the middle plate (440) to both sides, with the collector plate (500) closest to the middle plate (440) having the highest height and the collector plate (500) farthest from the middle plate (440) having the lowest height.

3. The vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper folding plate (510) is horizontally set, and the upper folding plate (510) and the collector plate (500) form an obtuse angle.

4. The vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to claim 3, characterized in that, The collector plate (500) is provided with a deflector plate (540) and a temperature sensing bag (530); in the initial state, the deflector plate (540) is arranged parallel to the upper folding plate (510), the deflector plate (540) covers the upper folding plate (510), the deflector plate (540) is a rectangular plate, one side of the deflector plate (540) is hinged to the connection between the upper folding plate (510) and the main body of the collector plate (500), so that the deflector plate (540) can open and close along the width direction of the upper folding plate (510), and the maximum opening and closing angle between the upper folding plate (510) and the deflector plate (540) is 90 degrees; The deflector plate (540) has flow-limiting grooves (541) formed on it. There are multiple flow-limiting grooves (541). The positions of the flow-limiting grooves (541) correspond one-to-one with the combing grooves (511). The length of the flow-limiting groove (541) is less than the length of the combing groove (511). The length of the combing groove (511) is twice the length of the flow-limiting groove (541). When the airflow temperature passing through the upper baffle plate (510) is normal, the lower end face of the deflector plate (540) is close to the upper end face of the upper baffle plate (510). At this time, under the action of the flow-limiting grooves (541), the combing grooves (511) are partially blocked, thereby reducing the flow rate of the upward inclined airflow and increasing the flow rate of the horizontal airflow.

5. The vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to claim 4, characterized in that, The temperature sensing bag (530) is a long strip-shaped bag with an internal cavity. The two ends of the temperature sensing bag (530) are fixed to the upper surface of the deflector plate (540) and the main body of the collector plate (500), respectively. The temperature sensing bag (530) is made of elastic rubber material and is filled with paraffin wax (532). The paraffin wax (532) is initially in a solidified state.

6. The vacuum distillation apparatus for damping oil according to claim 5, characterized in that, The temperature-sensing bladder (530) is internally fixed with a curling plate (531); the curling plate (531) is a metal sheet. In normal working condition, the deflector plate (540) is in a horizontal state, and the curling plate (531) is restricted by the solid paraffin wax (532) and the temperature-sensing bladder (530) and is in a power-accumulating state; when the paraffin wax (532) melts, the curling plate (531) loses its restriction and curls away from the upper folding plate (510), so that the deflector plate (540) rotates to a vertical state.

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