A numerical control lathe with ultra-low temperature medium internal jet cooling of tool turret and turning tool

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of through tool turret-lathe tool ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type cooling numerical control lathe, including inclined bed lathe host, ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system, ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type tool turret and ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type lathe tool.The ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type tool turret and ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type lathe tool realize that ultra-low temperature medium is transported to the cooling of tool tip by the inner cavity channel of tool turret-tool, solve the integration problem of liquid nitrogen internal spray type cooling function and conventional lathe structure;Ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type lathe tool tail end uses telescopic transmission pipe, realizes the directional supply of ultra-low temperature medium to working lathe tool when automatic tool changing;Ultra-low temperature medium transmission pipeline passes through from the spindle center of ultra-low temperature medium internal spray type tool turret, and adopts vacuum heat insulation structure, without affecting original structure, ensure the heat insulation transmission of medium;Ultra-low temperature medium control system and the integration of numerical control machine tool, realize the stable controllable of pressure and flow in ultra-low temperature medium transmission process.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of numerical control machine tool design, and particularly relates to an ultra-low-temperature medium internal spraying type cooling numerical control lathe through a turret-lathe tool. BACKGROUND

[0002] In order to meet the high service performance requirements of high-end equipment in the fields of aerospace, precision instruments and the like, difficult-to-machine alloy materials such as high-temperature alloy and titanium alloy and difficult-to-machine polymer materials such as polyimide and polyether ether ketone have gradually become the preferred materials of shafts, discs, rings and the like. However, when machining the above-mentioned material parts by using conventional cooling methods such as emulsion or low-temperature cold air, the cutting temperature is limited in reduction, which not only causes serious tool wear and poor part machining surface quality, but also greatly limits the cutting speed and seriously restricts the machining efficiency. The internal spraying type cooling method of delivering the ultra-low-temperature medium such as liquid nitrogen to the inner spraying type cooling of the tool tip through the inner cavity channel of the turret-lathe tool can directly, accurately and efficiently cool the cutting area, thereby significantly reducing the cutting temperature, which helps to prolong the tool life, improve the part machining quality and machining efficiency. Therefore, the realization of the internal spraying type cooling of the tool in the turning machining of the ultra-low-temperature medium has important significance for the high-quality and high-efficiency machining of the difficult-to-machine material parts in key fields.

[0003] Obviously, the numerical control lathe of the ultra-low-temperature medium through the turret-lathe tool is one of the key equipment for realizing the ultra-low-temperature internal spraying type cooling turning machining. However, under the premise of ensuring the conventional functions of the numerical control lathe and not affecting the stable operation of the lathe, the effective integration of the ultra-low-temperature medium internal spraying type cooling function and the lathe structure is extremely difficult. For example, how to integrate the ultra-low-temperature medium transmission channel in the compact internal space of the lathe turret and ensure its good heat insulation and sealing performance; how to realize the directional supply of the ultra-low-temperature medium in the turret to the working lathe tool while having the automatic tool changing function. In addition, due to the diversity of the material properties and size precision requirements of the machined parts, the flow and pressure of the ultra-low-temperature cooling medium need to be adjustable, so it is necessary to reasonably arrange the ultra-low-temperature medium transmission and control system in the lathe space.

[0004] At present, for the low-temperature medium cooling in the numerical control turning process, a number of structural forms are invented by domestic and foreign institutions. In 2012, Meig Industrial Automation System Co., Ltd. discloses "tool turret for machining workpieces and machining system having such a tool turret" in the invention patent 201280006086.8, a low-temperature medium conveying pipeline is designed inside the side surface of the tool turret, the pipeline is connected with the hydraulic cylinder to realize the axial movement, and the conveying channel is machined in the corresponding position of each turning tool and the tool holder mounted therein, the conveying pipeline and the conveying channel are connected when the machining system works, the tool changing is realized, and the low-temperature medium is provided for the working turning tool, but the machining system needs to machine the conveying channel in the tool holder corresponding to each tool position, and needs to ensure that the conveying pipeline and the conveying channel have high coaxiality after tool changing, so as to realize the sealing of the low-temperature medium. Not only the process is complicated, but also the difficulty is large, in addition, the low-temperature medium directly comes from the heat insulation storage, and has not been subjected to effective regulation of flow and pressure, so that the stable and controllable performance of the low-temperature medium jet cannot be guaranteed. In 2012, Meig Industrial Automation System Co., Ltd. discloses "method and machine tool for cutting machining of metal workpieces" in the invention patent 201280033659.6, by the axially movable tool holder, the low-temperature medium transmission pipe is inserted into the tool from the tail end of the tool, and then communicated with the tool inner cavity channel, so as to realize the low-temperature cooling of the blade, but the low-temperature medium transmission pipe needs to be accurately inserted into the through hole at the tail end of the tool after each switching of the working tool, which has high requirements for positioning accuracy and reliability, and increases the complexity of the structure. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application overcomes the technical problems of heat insulation transmission and dynamic sealing of super-low-temperature medium in the limited space of the tool turret of the lathe, directional supply of super-low-temperature medium for the working turning tool, combination of the functions of super-low-temperature medium internal spraying in the tool turret and the turning tool and automatic tool changing, and controllable transmission of super-low-temperature medium.

[0006] The technical scheme of the present application is as follows:

[0007] A super-low-temperature medium internal spraying type numerical control lathe through a tool turret-turning tool, mainly composed of a slant bed lathe main machine, a super-low-temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system, a super-low-temperature medium internal spraying tool turret and a super-low-temperature medium internal spraying turning tool.

[0008] The inclined bed lathe main machine is assembled as follows: firstly, the tailstock 1.2 is installed on the lathe bed base 1.1, and then two first Z-axis guide rails 1.3 are fixed on the lathe bed base 1.1; four first Z-axis sliding blocks 1.4 are installed on the lower surface of the tailstock 1.2, and then the first Z-axis sliding blocks 1.4 are slidably connected with the first Z-axis guide rails 1.3, and the power is transmitted by the first Z-axis motor 1.5 and the first Z-axis screw 1.6; the rear center 1.7 is pushed into the tailstock 1.2 and fixed by means of a nut locking, and is used for supporting the workpiece during machining; two second Z-axis guide rails 1.8 are fixed on the lathe bed base 1.1; four second Z-axis sliding blocks 1.9 are installed on the lower surface of the slide saddle 1.10, and then the second Z-axis sliding blocks 1.9 are slidably connected with the second Z-axis guide rails 1.8, and the power is transmitted by the second Z-axis motor 1.11 and the second Z-axis screw 1.12; two X-axis guide rails 1.13 are fixed on the upper surface of the slide saddle 1.10, and four X-axis sliding blocks 1.14 are installed on the lower surface of the inclined plate 1.15, and then the X-axis sliding blocks 1.14 are slidably connected with the X-axis guide rails 1.13, and the power is transmitted by the X-axis motor 1.16 and the X-axis screw 1.17; the turret base 3.7 is fixed on the inclined plate 1.15 by means of bolts, and the chip removal device 1.18 is installed on the right side of the machine tool, and is used for recycling the cutting chips.

[0009] The ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system is assembled as follows: firstly, the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is placed at the left rear of the machine tool, and then the liquid outlet valve 2.2 on the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is connected with the first vacuum hose 2.4 through the first nut 2.3, and the first vacuum hose 2.4 is connected with the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 through the second nut 2.5; then, the pressure reducing valve 2.7, the flow meter 2.8, the safety valve 2.9, the regulating valve 2.10, the temperature sensor 2.11 and the pressure sensor 2.12 are sequentially connected in the form of threaded and flange connection, and the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is heat insulated by wrapping with polyurethane foam; the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is connected with the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 through the third nut 2.14, and the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 is connected with the second vacuum hose 2.17 through the fourth nut 2.16; finally, the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 and the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 are fixed on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 by means of the fastening clamps 2.13; in addition, the valve actuator 2.18 of the regulating valve 2.10 is reinforced on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 by means of the bracket 2.19, and the data acquisition and transmission module 2.20 is fixed on the machine tool protection panel 2.21.

[0010] The ultra-low temperature medium inner jet cutter head is assembled as follows: first, the cutter head 3.1 is fixed with the first curved-tooth clutch 3.2 through 8 first inner hexagonal bolts 3.3; then the main shaft 3.5 is fixed with the cutter head 3.1 through 8 second inner hexagonal bolts 3.4; then the piston 3.6 is installed in the cutter head seat 3.7; then the second curved-tooth clutch 3.8 is fixed with the clutch connecting plate 3.10 through 8 third inner hexagonal bolts 3.9, and the clutch connecting plate 3.10 is connected with the cutter head seat 3.7 through 8 fourth inner hexagonal bolts 3.11; the first oil seal 3.12 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, at this time the side surface of the first oil seal 3.12 is attached to the first plane 3.a on the main shaft 3.5; the main shaft 3.5 is pushed into the cutter head seat 3.7 from the piston center hole 3.b on the piston 3.6; then the second oil seal 3.13 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, and the side surface of the second oil seal 3.13 is attached to the second plane 3.c on the piston 3.6, and then locked by the locking nut 3.14; the main shaft gear 3.15 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, at this time the side surface of the main shaft gear 3.15 is attached to the first positioning surface 3.d on the main shaft 3.5, and then clamped by the force ring 3.16 and fixed by the first bolt 3.17; then the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is installed in the cutter head seat 3.7, so that the gear shaft 3.19 in the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is engaged with the main shaft gear 3.15, and the power source is the hydraulic motor 3.20; then the junction box 3.21 is fixed with the cutter head seat 3.7; the induction block 3.22 is installed on the main shaft 3.5 in the form of threads until the side surface of the induction block 3.22 abuts against the second positioning surface 3.e; then the junction box cover 3.23 is fixed with the junction box 3.21; then the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 is pushed into the inside of the main shaft 3.5 from the junction box cover center hole 3.f on the junction box cover 3.23, at this time the first convex ring 3.g and the second convex ring 3.h located in the front and rear sections of the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 are in slight transition fit with the inner wall of the main shaft 3.5, which ensures that the main shaft 3.5 can stably support the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24, and meanwhile does not hinder the independent movement of the two; then the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 is fixed on the junction box cover 3.23 by means of bolts; finally, the distribution block 3.25 is connected with the second vacuum hard pipe 3.21 through the first copper joint 3.26;

[0011] The ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool is assembled by first fixing the tool pad 4.3 and the tool blade 4.2 in sequence on the third plane 4.a of the turning tool body 4.4 by means of bolts, and then installing the jet head 4.1 on the fourth plane 4.b of the turning tool body 4.4 by means of bolts, at this time, the first jet port 4.c on the jet head 4.1 and the second jet port 4.d on the third plane 4.a of the turning tool body 4.4 are aligned with the tool tip 4.e on the tool blade 4.2, and then the low-temperature-resistant spring 4.5, the transmission pipe 4.6 and the ultra-low temperature sealing ring 4.7 are installed in sequence in the turning tool body 4.4 and fixed by the clasp spring 4.8;

[0012] When the ultra-low temperature medium heat insulation transmission control system is connected with the ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type tool tower, the second vacuum hose 2.17 is connected with the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 by means of the second copper joint 3.27;

[0013] When the ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool is connected with the ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type tool tower, taking the connection of the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.28 as an example, the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.28 is inserted into the tool position slot 3.m on the tool disc 3.1, at the same time, the wedge-shaped compression block 3.30 is pushed into the tool position slot 3.m on the tool disc 3.1, and the wedge-shaped compression block 3.30 is fastened on the tool disc 3.1 by means of two fifth internal hexagonal bolts 3.31;

[0014] When the ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type cooling numerical control lathe is changed by the tool tower-turning tool, when the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.28 is automatically switched to the No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.29, the spindle 3.5 drives the tool disc 3.1 to rotate, the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 and the distribution block 3.25 do not rotate; the transmission pipe 4.6 at the tail of the No. 1 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.28 gradually separates from the convex plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low-temperature-resistant spring 4.5 recovers from the compressed state to the original length; the transmission pipe 4.6 at the tail of the No. 2 ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type turning tool 3.29 gradually fits the convex plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the low-temperature-resistant spring 4.5 changes from the original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission pipe 4.6 is compressed with the convex plane 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, avoiding leakage of the ultra-low temperature medium;

[0015] When the ultra-low temperature medium internal jet type cooling numerical control lathe is processed by the tool tower-turning tool, the ultra-low temperature medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1, passes through the first vacuum hose 2.4, the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6, the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15, the second vacuum hose 2.17, the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24, the distribution block 3.25, the transmission pipe 4.6 and the turning tool body 4.4 in sequence, and finally sprays out from the first jet port 4.c and the second jet port 4.d, so as to cool the tool tip 4.e of the tool blade 4.2;

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present application are that by independently designing the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret and the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool, the cooling mode of the ultra-low temperature medium being delivered to the tool tip through the internal cavity channel of the tool turret-tool is realized, the integration problem of the liquid nitrogen internal spraying cooling function and the conventional lathe structure is solved; the retractable transmission pipe is used at the tail end of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool, the directional supply of the ultra-low temperature medium to the working turning tool during automatic tool changing is realized; the ultra-low temperature medium transmission pipe passes through the center of the main shaft of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret and adopts a vacuum heat insulation structure, the heat insulation transmission of the medium is ensured without affecting the compactness and the freedom of movement of the original structure; the integration of the ultra-low temperature medium regulation and control system and the numerical control machine tool is realized, and the stable and controllable pressure and flow in the ultra-low temperature medium transmission process are realized. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a front view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying cooling numerical control lathe through the tool turret-turning tool;

[0018] Figure 2 is a right view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying cooling numerical control lathe through the tool turret-turning tool;

[0019] Figure 3 is a rear view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying cooling numerical control lathe through the tool turret-turning tool;

[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret;

[0021] Figure 5 is a left view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying tool turret;

[0022] Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying turning tool.

[0023] In the figure: 1.1-bedstock; 1.2-tailstock; 1.3-first Z-axis guide rail; 1.4-first Z-axis slider; 1.5-first Z-axis motor; 1.6-first Z-axis screw; 1.7-rear center; 1.8-second Z-axis guide rail; 1.9-second Z-axis slider; 1.10-saddle; 1.11-second Z-axis motor; 1.12-second Z-axis screw; 1.13-X-axis guide rail; 1.14-X-axis slider; 1.15-inclined plate; 1.16-X-axis motor; 1.17-X-axis screw; 1.18-chip removal device; 2.1-self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank; 2.2-outlet valve; 2.3-first nut; 2.4-first vacuum hose; 2.5-second nut; 2.6-stainless steel hard pipe; 2.7-pressure reducing valve; 2.8-flow meter; 2.9-safety valve; 2.10-regulating valve; 2.11-temperature sensor; 2.12-pressure sensor; 2.13-fastening collar; 2.14-third nut; 2.15-first vacuum hard pipe; 2.16-fourth nut; 2.17-second vacuum hose; 2.18-valve actuator; 2.19-bracket; 2.20-data acquisition and transmission module; 2.21-machine tool protection panel; 3.1-tool holder; 3.2-first curve-tooth clutch; 3.3-first internal hexagonal bolt; 3.4-second internal hexagonal bolt; 3.5-spindle; 3.6-piston; 3.7-tool holder seat; 3.8-second curve-tooth clutch; 3.9-third internal hexagonal bolt; 3.10-clutch connecting plate; 3.11-fourth internal hexagonal bolt; 3.12-first oil seal; 3.13-second oil seal; 3.14-locking nut; 3.15-spindle gear; 3.16-pressing ring; 3.17-first bolt; 3.18-power transmission mechanism; 3.19-gear shaft; 3.20-hydraulic motor; 3.21-wiring box; 3.22-induction block; 3.23-wiring box cover; 3.24-second vacuum hard pipe; 3.25-distribution block; 3.26-first copper joint; 3.27-second copper joint; 3.28-1st ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool; 3.29-2nd ultra-low temperature medium internal spray turning tool; 3.30-wedge-shaped pressing block; 3.31-fifth internal hexagonal bolt; 3.a-first plane; 3.b-piston center hole; 3.c-second plane; 3.d-first positioning surface; 3.e-second positioning surface; 3.f-wiring box cover center hole; 3.g-first convex ring; 3.h-second convex ring; 3.k-convex plane; 3.m-tool position slot; 4.1-jet head; 4.2-blade; 4.3-tool pad; 4.4-tool body; 4.5-low temperature resistant spring; 4.6-transmission pipe; 4.7-ultra-low temperature sealing ring; 4.8-clasp spring; 4.a-third plane; 4.b-fourth plane; 4.c-first jet port; 4.d-second jet port; 4.e-tool tip. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.

[0025] In this embodiment, the cryogenic medium is liquid nitrogen, with a minimum temperature of -196℃; the cryogenic medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe has a 45-degree slant bed, with overall dimensions of 2000 / 1600 / 1700mm, a maximum turning diameter of 500mm, a maximum turning diameter of 210mm, a maximum X / Z axis travel of 295 / 750mm, and an X-axis rapid feed rate of 6m / min; the cryogenic medium internal spray turret has a center height of 80mm, 8T of tools, a tool change and locking time of 0.6s between adjacent tools, a tool change and locking time of 1.6s between the furthest tool and the tool, and a repeatability of 0.003mm; the self-pressurized fluid... The nitrogen tank 2.1 has a nominal volume of 175L and a maximum working pressure of 2.4MPa; the liquid nitrogen flow rate of the regulating valve 2.10 is adjustable from 0 to 80L / h with an adjustment accuracy of ±1L / h; the liquid nitrogen pressure of the pressure reducing valve 2.7 is adjustable from 0.1 to 1.8MPa with an adjustment accuracy of ±0.1MPa; the safety valve 2.9 has a set pressure of 2.0MPa; the diameter of the first vacuum tube 2.15 and the second vacuum tube 3.24 is 16mm, and their thermal conductivity is approximately 0; the transmission tube 4.6 is made of modified polytetrafluoroethylene with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.15W / (m·K).

[0026] The assembly process of a CNC lathe using cryogenic internal spray cooling between the turret and the cutting tool is as follows: (See attached image) Figure 1 , 2 As shown in Figures 3, 4, 5, and 6, the first step is to install the tailstock 1.2 onto the bed 1.1, and then fix the two first Z-axis guide rails 1.3 onto the bed 1.1; install the four first Z-axis sliders 1.4 onto the lower surface of the tailstock 1.2, and then make the first Z-axis sliders 1.4 slide in engagement with the first Z-axis guide rails 1.3, the power of which comes from the transmission of the first Z-axis motor 1.5 and the first Z-axis lead screw 1.6; push the rear center 1.7 into the tailstock 1.2 and fix it by locking it with a nut, which is used to support the workpiece during machining; fix the two second Z-axis guide rails 1.8 onto the bed 1.1; and install the four second Z-axis sliders 1.9 onto the lower surface of the saddle 1.10. The surface is then slidably mounted on the saddle 1.10. The second Z-axis slider 1.9 is then slidably mounted on the second Z-axis guide rail 1.8, powered by the second Z-axis motor 1.11 and the second Z-axis lead screw 1.12. Two X-axis guide rails 1.13 are fixed to the upper surface of the saddle 1.10, and four X-axis sliders 1.14 are mounted on the lower surface of the slant plate 1.15. The X-axis sliders 1.14 are then slidably mounted on the X-axis guide rails 1.13, powered by the X-axis motor 1.16 and the X-axis lead screw 1.17. The turret 3.7 is fixed to the slant plate 1.15 with bolts, and the chip removal device 1.18 is installed on the right side of the machine tool for chip recovery. This completes the assembly of the 45-degree slant bed lathe main unit.

[0027] Second, the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is placed in the left rear of the machine tool, and then the liquid outlet valve 2.2 on the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1 is connected with the first vacuum hose 2.4 through the first nut 2.3, and the first vacuum hose 2.4 is connected with the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 through the second nut 2.5; then, the pressure reducing valve 2.7, the flow meter 2.8, the safety valve 2.9, the regulating valve 2.10, the temperature sensor 2.11 and the pressure sensor 2.12 are sequentially connected in the form of threaded and flange connection, and the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is heat-insulated by polyurethane foam wrapping; the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 is connected with the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 through the third nut 2.14, and the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 is connected with the second vacuum hose 2.17 through the fourth nut 2.16; finally, the stainless steel hard pipe 2.6 and the first vacuum hard pipe 2.15 are fixed on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 by using a plurality of fastening clamps 2.13; in addition, the valve actuator 2.18 of the regulating valve 2.10 is reinforced on the machine tool protection panel 2.21 through the bracket 2.19, and the data acquisition and transmission module 2.20 is fixed on the machine tool protection panel 2.21; thus, the assembly of the super-low temperature medium heat-insulated transmission control system is completed;

[0028] Thirdly, the cutter head 3.1 is fixed with the first dog clutch 3.2 through 8 first inner hexagonal bolts 3.3; then the main shaft 3.5 is fixed with the cutter head 3.1 through 8 second inner hexagonal bolts 3.4; then the piston 3.6 is installed in the cutter tower seat 3.7; then the second dog clutch 3.8 is fixed with the clutch connecting plate 3.10 through 8 third inner hexagonal bolts 3.9, and then the clutch connecting plate 3.10 is connected with the cutter tower seat 3.7 through 8 fourth inner hexagonal bolts 3.11; the first oil seal 3.12 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, at this time the side surface of the first oil seal 3.12 is attached to the first plane 3.a on the main shaft 3.5; the main shaft 3.5 is pushed into the cutter tower seat 3.7 from the piston center hole 3.b on the piston 3.6; then the second oil seal 3.13 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, and the side surface of the second oil seal 3.13 is attached to the second plane 3.c on the piston 3.6, and then it is locked by the lock nut 3.14; the main shaft gear 3.15 is installed on the main shaft 3.5, at this time the side surface of the main shaft gear 3.15 is attached to the first positioning surface 3.d on the main shaft 3.5, and then it is tightly held by the force ring 3.16 and is fixed through the first bolt 3.17; then the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is installed in the cutter tower seat 3.7, so that the gear shaft 3.19 in the power transmission mechanism 3.18 is engaged with the main shaft gear 3.15, and the power source is derived from the hydraulic motor 3.20; then the junction box 3.21 is fixed with the cutter tower seat 3.7; the induction block 3.22 is installed on the main shaft 3.5 in the form of threads until the side surface of the induction block 3.22 abuts against the second positioning surface 3.e; then the junction box cover 3.23 is fixed with the junction box 3.21; then the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 is pushed into the inside of the main shaft 3.5 from the junction box cover center hole 3.f on the junction box cover 3.23, at this time the first convex ring 3.g and the second convex ring 3.h located in the front and rear sections of the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 are in slight transition fit with the inner wall of the main shaft 3.5, which ensures that the main shaft 3.5 can stably support the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24, and meanwhile does not hinder the independent movement of the two; then the second vacuum hard pipe 3.24 is fixed on the junction box cover 3.23 by means of bolts; finally, the distribution block 3.25 is connected with the second vacuum hard pipe 3.21 through the first copper joint 3.26; thus, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spraying cutter tower is completed;

[0029] Fourth, use bolts to fix the tool pad 4.3 and the cutting tool 4.2 to the third plane 4.a on the cutting tool body 4.4; install the jet head 4.1 on the fourth plane 4.b on the cutting tool body 4.4 with bolts. At this time, the first jet port 4.c on the jet head 4.1 and the second jet port 4.d on the third plane 4.a on the cutting tool body 4.4 are aligned with the cutting tip 4.e on the cutting tool 4.2; install the low temperature spring 4.5, the transmission tube 4.6, and the ultra-low temperature sealing ring 4.7 into the cutting tool body 4.4 in sequence and fix them with the retaining ring 4.8; at this point, the assembly of the ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cutting tool is completed.

[0030] Fifth step, connect the second vacuum hose 2.17 to the second vacuum rigid tube 3.24 via the second copper connector 3.27; at this point, the assembly of the cryogenic medium thermal insulation transmission control system and the cryogenic medium internal spray turret is completed.

[0031] Step 6: Insert the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool 3.28 into the tool slot 3.m on the tool turret 3.1, and at the same time push the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 into the tool slot 3.m on the tool turret 3.1, and fasten the wedge-shaped clamping block 3.30 to the tool turret 3.1 with two fifth hexagon socket head cap screws 3.31; at this point, the assembly of the cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool and the cryogenic medium internal spraying turret is completed.

[0032] When automatically switching from the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool 3.28 to the No. 2 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool 3.29, the spindle 3.5 drives the tool head 3.1 to rotate, while the second vacuum hard tube 3.24 and the distribution block 3.25 do not rotate. The transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool 3.28 gradually separates from the raised surface 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the cryogenic spring 4.5 returns to its original length from the compressed state. The transmission tube 4.6 at the tail of the No. 2 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool 3.29 gradually comes into contact with the raised surface 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25, and the cryogenic spring 4.5 changes from its original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission tube 4.6 and the raised surface 3.k on the circumference of the distribution block 3.25 are pressed together to prevent cryogenic medium leakage.

[0033] During processing, the cryogenic medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank 2.1, and passes sequentially through the first vacuum hose 2.4, the stainless steel rigid tube 2.6, the first vacuum rigid tube 2.15, the second vacuum hose 2.17, the second vacuum rigid tube 3.24, the distribution block 3.25, the transmission tube 4.6, and the cutting tool body 4.4. Finally, it is ejected from the first jet port 4.c and the second jet port 4.d to the tip 4.e of the cutting tool 4.2. The appropriate flow rate is usually 40-50 L / h, and the temperature is less than -180℃. After that, processing can begin.

[0034] The application adopts the cooling idea that the super-low temperature medium is transported to the cooling position of the tool bit through the inner cavity channel of the tool tower-cutter, realizes the efficient and point-to-point strong cooling of the cutting area in the turning process, relies on the design of the inner spraying type tool tower and the turning tool of the super-low temperature medium, guarantees the directional transmission of the super-low temperature medium to the working tool position turning tool and the consideration of the automatic tool changing function, effectively integrates the numerical control lathe and the super-low temperature medium transmission regulation and control, widens the types of difficult-to-machine materials that can be super-low temperature machined, and realizes the accurate and controllable demand of the cooling amount for different part machining, and the lathe design is a beneficial attempt for the innovation of high-end special function machine tools.

[0035] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Therefore, all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without creative labor shall belong to the protection scope of the present application. In summary, the content of the specification shall not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A CNC lathe with cryogenic medium internal spray cooling via turret-tool, characterized in that, This cryogenic medium internal spray cooling CNC lathe consists of a slant bed lathe main unit, a cryogenic medium heat insulation and transmission control system, a cryogenic medium internal spray turret, and a cryogenic medium internal spray cutting tool. Assembly of the slant bed lathe main unit: The tailstock (1.2) is installed on the bed (1.1), and then two first Z-axis guide rails (1.3) are fixed on the bed (1.1); four first Z-axis sliders (1.4) are installed on the lower surface of the tailstock (1.2), allowing the first Z-axis sliders (1.4) to slide against the first Z-axis guide rails (1.3), powered by the transmission of the first Z-axis motor (1.5) and the first Z-axis lead screw (1.6); the rear center (1.7) is pushed into the tailstock (1.2) and secured with a nut for supporting the workpiece during machining; two second Z-axis guide rails (1.8) are fixed on the bed (1.1); and four second Z-axis sliders (1.9) are installed... On the lower surface of the slide saddle (1.10), the second Z-axis slider (1.9) is slidably engaged with the second Z-axis guide rail (1.8), and its power comes from the second Z-axis motor (1.11) and the second Z-axis lead screw (1.12); two X-axis guide rails (1.13) are fixed on the upper surface of the slide saddle (1.10), and four X-axis sliders (1.14) are installed on the lower surface of the inclined plate (1.15), and the X-axis sliders (1.14) are slidably engaged with the X-axis guide rails (1.13), and their power comes from the transmission of the X-axis motor (1.16) and the X-axis lead screw (1.17); the turret seat (3.7) is fixed to the inclined plate (1.15) with bolts, and the chip removal device (1.18) is installed on the right side of the machine tool for chip recovery; Assembly of the aforementioned cryogenic medium thermal insulation transmission control system: The self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank (2.1) is placed at the left rear of the machine tool. The outlet valve (2.2) on the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank (2.1) is connected to one end of the first vacuum hose (2.4) via a first nut (2.3). The other end of the first vacuum hose (2.4) is connected to one end of the stainless steel rigid pipe (2.6) via a second nut (2.5). Following the threaded and flanged connection method, a pressure reducing valve (2.7), a flow meter (2.8), a safety valve (2.9), a regulating valve (2.10), a temperature sensor (2.11), and a pressure sensor (2.12) are sequentially connected to the stainless steel rigid pipe (2.6). The stainless steel rigid tube (2.6) is wrapped with polyurethane foam for insulation; the other end of the stainless steel rigid tube (2.6) is connected to the first vacuum rigid tube (2.15) through the third nut (2.14), and then the first vacuum rigid tube (2.15) is connected to the second vacuum hose (2.17) through the fourth nut (2.16); multiple fastening hoops (2.13) are used to fix the stainless steel rigid tube (2.6) and the first vacuum rigid tube (2.15) to the machine tool protective panel (2.21); the valve actuator (2.18) of the regulating valve (2.10) is reinforced to the machine tool protective panel (2.21) through the bracket (2.19), and the data acquisition and transmission module (2.20) is fixed to the machine tool protective panel (2.21); The assembly of the cryogenic medium internal spray turret is as follows: the cutter head (3.1) is fixed to the first gear clutch (3.2) by the first hexagon socket bolt (3.3); the spindle (3.5) is then fixed to the cutter head (3.1) by the second hexagon socket bolt (3.4); the piston (3.6) is installed in the turret seat (3.7); the second gear clutch (3.8) is fixed to the clutch connecting plate (3.10) by the third hexagon socket bolt (3.9), and the clutch connecting plate (3.10) is then connected to the turret seat (3.7) by the fourth hexagon socket bolt (3.11); the first oil seal (3.12) is installed on the spindle (3.5). At this point, the side of the first oil seal (3.12) is in contact with the first plane (3.a) on the spindle (3.5); push the spindle (3.5) into the turret seat (3.7) through the piston center hole (3.b) on the piston (3.6); install the second oil seal (3.13) on the spindle (3.5), ensuring that the side of the second oil seal (3.13) is in contact with the second plane (3.c) on the piston (3.6), and then lock it with the lock nut (3.14); install the spindle gear (3.15) on the spindle (3.5), at which point the side of the spindle gear (3.15) is in contact with the first positioning surface (3.d) on the spindle (3.5), and use the clamping ring ( 3.16) Hold it tightly and fix it with the first bolt (3.17); install the power transmission mechanism (3.18) in the turret seat (3.7), so that the gear shaft (3.19) in the power transmission mechanism (3.18) meshes with the spindle gear (3.15), and its power comes from the hydraulic motor (3.20); fix the junction box (3.21) to the turret seat (3.7); install the sensing block (3.22) onto the spindle (3.5) by thread until the side of the sensing block (3.22) abuts against the second positioning surface (3.e); fix the junction box cover (3.23) to the junction box (3.21); install the second vacuum hard tube (3. 24) Push the junction box cover (3.f) into the spindle (3.5) through the center hole (3.f) on the junction box cover (3.23). At this time, the first convex ring (3.g) and the second convex ring (3.h) located at the front and rear sections of the second vacuum tube (3.24) are in transition fit with the inner wall of the spindle (3.5), ensuring that the spindle (3.5) can stably support the second vacuum tube (3.24) without hindering the independent movement of the two. Fix the second vacuum tube (3.24) on the junction box cover (3.23) with bolts. Connect the distribution block (3.25) to the protruding end of the second vacuum tube (3.24) through the first copper connector (3.26). The assembly of the cryogenic medium internal spray type lathe tool is as follows: the tool pad (4.3) and the cutting tool (4.2) are fixed to the third plane (4.a) on the lathe tool body (4.4) by bolts; the jet head (4.1) is installed on the fourth plane (4.b) on the lathe tool body (4.4) by bolts, at which time the first jet port (4.c) on the jet head (4.1) and the second jet port (4.d) on the third plane (4.a) on the lathe tool body (4.4) are aligned with the cutting tip (4.e) on the cutting tool (4.2); the cryogenic spring (4.5), the transmission pipe (4.6), and the cryogenic sealing ring (4.7) are installed in the lathe tool body (4.4) in sequence and fixed with a snap ring (4.8); When the aforementioned cryogenic medium thermal insulation transmission control system is connected to the cryogenic medium internal spray turret, the second vacuum hose (2.17) is connected to the second vacuum hard tube (3.24) through the second copper connector (3.27); When the cryogenic medium internal spraying type lathe tool is connected to the cryogenic medium internal spraying type turret, the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spraying type lathe tool (3.28) is inserted into the tool slot (3.m) on the tool disc (3.1), and at the same time, the wedge-shaped clamping block (3.30) is pushed into the tool slot (3.m) on the tool disc (3.1), and the wedge-shaped clamping block (3.30) is fastened to the tool disc (3.1) with two fifth hexagon socket head cap screws (3.31); When changing tools on the CNC lathe with cryogenic medium internal spray cooling via turret-tool, during the automatic switch from the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spray cutting tool (3.28) to the No. 2 cryogenic medium internal spray cutting tool (3.29), the spindle (3.5) drives the tool disc (3.1) to rotate, while the second vacuum hard tube (3.24) and the distribution block (3.25) do not rotate; the transmission pipe (4.6) at the tail of the No. 1 cryogenic medium internal spray cutting tool (3.28) and the circumference of the distribution block (3.25) are... The raised surface (3.k) on the upper part gradually separates, and the low temperature spring (4.5) returns to its original length from the compressed state; the transmission pipe (4.6) at the tail of the No. 2 cryogenic medium internal spraying lathe tool (3.29) gradually comes into contact with the raised surface (3.k) on the circumference of the distribution block (3.25), and the low temperature spring (4.5) changes from its original length to the compressed state, so that the transmission pipe (4.6) and the raised surface (3.k) on the circumference of the distribution block (3.25) are pressed together to avoid leakage of cryogenic medium; When machining on a CNC lathe using a turret-tool ultra-low temperature medium internal spray cooling method, the ultra-low temperature medium flows out from the self-pressurized liquid nitrogen tank (2.1), passes sequentially through the first vacuum hose (2.4), stainless steel hard tube (2.6), first vacuum hard tube (2.15), second vacuum hose (2.17), second vacuum hard tube (3.24), distribution block (3.25), transmission pipe (4.6), and the tool body (4.4), and finally exits from the first jet port (4.c) and the second jet port (4.d), thereby cooling the tip (4.e) of the cutting tool (4.2).

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