Energy saving anti-freezing system for polar ship

Abstract

This invention relates to an energy-saving antifreeze system for polar vessels, comprising a compressor unit pipeline circulation system, a chilled water pipeline circulation system, and a heated water pipeline circulation system. The compressor unit pipeline circulation system connects to the chilled water pipeline circulation system and the heated water pipeline circulation system to jointly drive the operation of the antifreeze system. The compressor unit pipeline circulation system consists of a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop. An automatic control device is included, which, through the joint operation of the chilled and heated water pumps in the compressor, chilled water pipeline circulation system, and heated water pipeline circulation system, drives the transfer of heat within the antifreeze system from the heat-generating compartment side and the sewage side to the antifreeze equipment side, thereby utilizing the ship's waste heat to meet the heating needs of the antifreeze equipment. By actively allocating and rationally utilizing the waste energy of polar vessels, this antifreeze system first ensures the antifreeze effect of the equipment, secondly maintains the temperature of the ship's heat-generating compartments, and finally minimizes the energy consumption for antifreeze operations.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a ship antifreeze system for preventing equipment freezing on ships navigating in polar regions, and belongs to the field of polar ship cold-weather protection technology. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the departure of the Xue Long 2 polar icebreaker research vessel to the North and South Poles, my country's polar scientific research has reached a new peak. With the design and construction of a new batch of polar vessels, numerous design challenges have emerged that urgently need to be addressed by Chinese polar vessel designers. Among these, antifreeze protection is a crucial issue. The extremely low temperatures in polar regions affect the physical properties of the vessel's external equipment, which in turn is related to the safety of polar equipment operations and the smooth progress of polar scientific research.

[0003] Traditional polar antifreeze systems use electric heating equipment, which has a low energy efficiency ratio; one unit of electricity can only generate less than one unit of heat. When sailing in polar waters where resupply is inconvenient, the antifreeze equipment consumes a large amount of the ship's energy. On the other hand, although sailing in cold regions, the heat generated in the ship's internal cabins often still requires electricity for air conditioning or mechanical ventilation to cool down. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an energy-saving antifreeze system for polar ships. This antifreeze system actively allocates and rationally utilizes the waste energy of polar ships, firstly ensuring the antifreeze effect of the equipment, secondly ensuring the temperature of the ship's heated compartments, and finally minimizing the energy consumption for antifreeze.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: an energy-saving antifreeze system for polar ships, comprising a compressor unit pipeline circulation system, a chilled water pipeline circulation system, and a hot water pipeline circulation system. The compressor unit pipeline circulation system is connected to the chilled water pipeline circulation system and the hot water pipeline circulation system to jointly drive the operation of the antifreeze system. The compressor unit pipeline circulation system consists of a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop. An automatic control device is provided, which, through the joint operation of the compressor in the compressor unit pipeline circulation system and the chilled and hot water pumps in the chilled and hot water pipeline circulation systems, drives the heat inside the antifreeze system to migrate from the heating compartment side and the sewage side to the antifreeze equipment side, thereby utilizing the ship's waste heat to meet the heating needs of the antifreeze equipment.

[0006] Furthermore, when the polar vessel's energy-saving antifreeze system is running, the primary antifreeze heat is first obtained from the heat-generating compartments, while simultaneously lowering the temperature of the heat-generating compartments and maintaining it at the design temperature; when the heat from the heat-generating compartments is insufficient, secondary antifreeze heat is obtained from the ship's waste heat, such as domestic sewage; electric heating is added to the antifreeze equipment as a supplement to the tertiary antifreeze heat or emergency antifreeze system.

[0007] Furthermore, the main circulation loop of the compressor unit includes the compressor, the main circulation expansion valve, the evaporation module, the main circulation condenser in the condensation module, and the corresponding refrigerant pipeline. The compressor is connected to the main circulation condenser in the condensation module through the main circulation expansion valve and the evaporation module to form the main circulation of the compressor pipeline.

[0008] Furthermore, the auxiliary circulation loop of the compressor unit pipeline includes the compressor, the expansion valve of the auxiliary circulation branch, the heat exchanger of the domestic sewage tank, the auxiliary circulation condenser in the condensing module, and the corresponding refrigerant pipeline. The compressor forms the auxiliary circulation of the compressor unit pipeline through the expansion valve of the auxiliary circulation branch, the heat exchanger of the domestic sewage tank, and the auxiliary circulation condenser in the condensing module.

[0009] Furthermore, the refrigerant water pipeline circulation system includes a refrigerant water pump, a heat exchanger for the heating chamber, refrigerant water pipelines, and an evaporation module. The refrigerant water pump is connected to the heat exchanger for the heating chamber in the heating chamber through the evaporation module to form a refrigerant water pipeline circulation.

[0010] Furthermore, the heat transfer medium circulation system includes a heat transfer medium pump, an antifreeze heater, heat transfer medium pipelines, and a condensation module. The heat transfer medium pump is connected to the antifreeze heater through the condensation module to form the heat transfer medium pipeline circulation.

[0011] Furthermore, multiple antifreeze devices are connected in parallel to the hot water pipeline circulation system, and multiple heat-generating compartments and ship waste heat are connected in parallel to the cold water pipeline circulation system.

[0012] Furthermore, the circulating medium in the compressor unit's piping circulation system is refrigerant; the circulating medium in the chilled water piping circulation system is antifreeze chilled water; and the circulating medium in the hot water piping circulation system is antifreeze hot water.

[0013] Furthermore, the compressor is a variable frequency compressor.

[0014] Furthermore, all circulation pipes within the antifreeze system are wrapped with thermal insulation and cold-proofing materials.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0016] 1. This invention can use waste heat from ships as a heat source for the antifreeze system of polar ships, and use waste heat to prevent equipment from freezing.

[0017] 2. While preventing equipment from freezing, this invention can effectively regulate and precisely control the temperature of the heat-generating areas on the ship, and simultaneously control the air conditioning of the heat-generating areas and maintain room temperature while extracting heat.

[0018] 3. This invention uses a compressor-based refrigeration-heat pump cycle as an energy lever. One unit of electricity can extract multiple units of heat for antifreeze purposes, and at the same time, it can extract multiple units of cold energy for temperature control in the heating chamber, resulting in a high overall energy efficiency ratio.

[0019] 4. The key technical point of this invention is the use of a mechanically circulated polar vessel antifreeze system, which effectively utilizes waste heat and external cooling to regulate the temperature of antifreeze equipment and heat-generating areas in both directions. Furthermore, through the circulation of a cooling heat pump, the transfer and exchange of cooling and heating energy are amplified, resulting in significant energy savings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram of the polar vessel energy-saving and antifreeze system of the present invention;

[0021] In the diagram: 1. Compressor unit piping circulation system; 2. Refrigerant water piping circulation system; 3. Hot water piping circulation system; 4. Compressor; 5. Main circulation expansion valve; 6. Evaporation module; 7. Condensation module; 8. Refrigerant water pump; 9. Hot water pump; 10. Heating chamber; 11. Domestic sewage tank; 12. Antifreeze equipment; 13. Heating chamber temperature sensor; 14. Heating chamber temperature controller; 15. Electric heater; 16. Heating chamber heat exchanger; 17. Domestic sewage tank heat exchanger; 18. Antifreeze equipment heater; 19. Refrigerant water distributor; 20. Antifreeze equipment temperature sensor; 21. Antifreeze equipment heating controller; 22. Hot water distributor; 23. Auxiliary circulation branch valve; 24. Auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve; 25. Compressor unit piping main circulation loop; 26. Compressor unit piping auxiliary circulation loop; 27. Main circulation condensing heat exchanger; 28. Auxiliary circulation condensing heat exchanger. Detailed Implementation

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the present invention provides an energy-saving antifreeze system for polar ships. The antifreeze system is jointly driven by a compressor unit pipeline circulation system 1 connected to a chilled water pipeline circulation system 2 and a hot water pipeline circulation system 3. An automatic control device is provided. The compressor in the compressor unit pipeline circulation system 1 and the chilled and hot water pumps in the chilled water pipeline circulation system 2 and the hot water pipeline circulation system 3 work together to drive the heat inside the system to migrate from the heat-generating cabin side and the sewage side to the antifreeze equipment side, thereby utilizing the ship's waste heat to meet the heating needs of the antifreeze equipment.

[0024] When the polar vessel's energy-saving antifreeze system is operating, primary antifreeze heat is preferentially drawn from heat-generating compartments, simultaneously lowering their temperature and maintaining it at the design temperature. When the heat from heat-generating compartments is insufficient, secondary antifreeze heat is drawn from waste heat from the ship, such as sewage. If necessary, electric heating at the antifreeze equipment can supplement tertiary antifreeze heat or the emergency antifreeze system.

[0025] The compressor unit pipeline circulation system 1 consists of the compressor unit pipeline main circulation loop 25 and the compressor unit pipeline auxiliary circulation loop 26.

[0026] The compressor unit's main circulation loop 25 includes the compressor 4, the main circulation expansion valve 5, the evaporator module 6, the main circulation condenser 27 in the condenser module 7, and the corresponding refrigerant piping. The compressor 4 is connected to the main circulation condenser in the condenser module 7 via the main circulation expansion valve 5 and the evaporator module 6 to form the compressor's main circulation.

[0027] The auxiliary circulation loop 26 of the compressor unit includes the compressor 4, the auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve 24, the domestic sewage tank heat exchanger 17, the auxiliary circulation condenser 28 in the condensing module, and the corresponding refrigerant piping. The compressor 4 forms the auxiliary circulation of the compressor unit piping through the auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve 24, the domestic sewage tank heat exchanger 17, and the auxiliary circulation condenser 28 in the condensing module.

[0028] The chilled water circulation system 2 includes a chilled water pump 8, a heat exchanger 16 for the heating chamber 10, chilled water pipelines, and an evaporation module 6. The chilled water pump 8 is connected to the heat exchanger 16 in the heating chamber 10 through the evaporation module 6 to form a chilled water pipeline circulation.

[0029] The heat transfer medium water circulation system 3 includes a heat transfer medium water pump 9, an antifreeze heater 18, heat transfer medium water pipelines, and a condensation module 7. The heat transfer medium water pump 9 is connected to the antifreeze heater 18 through the condensation module 7 to form a heat transfer medium water pipeline circulation.

[0030] Multiple antifreeze devices can be connected in parallel to the hot water pipeline circulation system, and multiple heat-generating compartments / ship waste heat can be connected in parallel to the cold water pipeline circulation system.

[0031] The circulating medium in the compressor unit's piping circulation system 1 is refrigerant. The compressor is a variable frequency compressor.

[0032] The circulating medium in the chilled water pipeline circulation system 2 is antifreeze chilled water, and the circulating medium in the hot water pipeline circulation system 3 is antifreeze hot water.

[0033] All circulation pipes within the antifreeze system are wrapped with thermal insulation and cold-proof material.

[0034] The working principle of this invention is as follows: an electrically driven compressor unit and a cold / heating medium water pump serve as the mechanical power for the antifreeze system. The evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant are used to transport redundant waste heat from the ship to the antifreeze equipment to prevent the equipment from freezing. At the same time, the external cold energy at the antifreeze equipment is transported to the internal heat-generating compartments of the ship to cool them down and maintain the required room temperature. The antifreeze heat source is divided into three stages. First, the refrigerant transports heat from the heat-generating compartments as the first stage of heat. When the required antifreeze heat is too large and the heat-generating compartments cannot meet it, heat is extracted from domestic wastewater as the second stage of heat. If necessary, the electric heating at the antifreeze equipment serves as the third stage of heat supplement or as an emergency antifreeze backup.

[0035] The specific working process of this invention:

[0036] The compressor 4 is started, driving the refrigerant through the main circulation 25 of the compressor unit pipeline in the compressor unit pipeline circulation 1. After being compressed and condensed by the compressor 4, the refrigerant is depressurized through the main circulation expansion valve 5 and enters the evaporation module 6 to evaporate and absorb heat. It exchanges heat with the chilled water in the chilled water pipeline circulation 2, and after becoming gaseous, it enters the main circulation condenser heat exchanger 27 in the condensation module 7 to condense and release heat. It exchanges heat with the hot water in the hot water pipeline circulation 3, and then enters the compressor 4 to be compressed, completing one compressor pipeline main circulation. Driven by the chilled water pump 8, the high-temperature chilled water from the heating chamber 10 enters the evaporation module 6 to absorb heat and cool down to become low-temperature chilled water. It is then proportionally divided by the chilled water diverter 19 and returns to each heating chamber 10 to exchange heat with the heating chamber heat exchanger 16 to cool the chamber. After absorbing heat from the heating chamber 10, it becomes high-temperature chilled water and then enters the evaporation module 6, completing one chilled water pipeline circulation. Driven by the heat medium water pump 9, the low-temperature heat medium water from the antifreeze device 12 enters the main circulation condenser heat exchanger 27 in the condenser module 7 to cool the gaseous refrigerant. After being heated, it becomes high-temperature cold medium water and returns to the antifreeze device 12 proportionally through the heat medium water diverter 22. It is then heated by the antifreeze device heater 18 and cooled down to become low-temperature cold medium water before entering the main circulation condenser heat exchanger 27 in the condenser module 7, completing one heat medium water pipeline cycle. The heating chamber temperature sensor 13 and the heating chamber temperature controller 14 monitor and maintain the required temperature of the heating chamber 2; the antifreeze device temperature sensor 20 and the antifreeze device heating temperature controller 21 monitor and maintain the minimum maintenance temperature required by the antifreeze device 3.

[0037] In the above process, the redundant waste heat from the ship's heat-generating compartment 10 is transferred to the antifreeze equipment 12 using the evaporation and condensation physical properties of the refrigerant, thus heating and thawing the antifreeze equipment 12. At the same time, the cold energy from the equipment 12 is transferred to the ship's internal heat-generating compartment 10 to cool it down and maintain the required room temperature. When the required antifreeze heating is too large and the heat-generating compartment 10 cannot meet it, heat is extracted from the sewage tank 11 through the auxiliary circulation branch valve 23 and the auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve 24, and then participates in the heat exchange of the heat medium water pipeline circulation 3 through the auxiliary circulation condensing heat exchanger 28 as the second stage of heat. When necessary, the electric heater 15 at the antifreeze equipment serves as a third stage of heat supplement or as an emergency antifreeze backup.

[0038] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made to the content described in the claims of the present invention should be included within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A polar vessel energy-saving antifreeze system, characterized in that: The system includes a compressor unit piping circulation system, a chilled water piping circulation system, and a hot water piping circulation system. The compressor unit piping circulation system connects to the chilled water piping circulation system and the hot water piping circulation system to jointly drive the antifreeze system. The compressor unit piping circulation system consists of a main circulation loop and an auxiliary circulation loop. It is equipped with an automatic control device. The compressor in the compressor unit piping circulation system, the chilled water pump in the chilled water circulation system, and the hot water pump in the hot water piping circulation system work together to transfer heat from the heat-generating compartment side and the sewage side to the antifreeze equipment side, thus utilizing the ship's waste heat to meet the heating needs of the antifreeze equipment. When the polar ship's energy-saving antifreeze system is running, the primary antifreeze heat is first obtained from the heat-generating compartment, simultaneously lowering the temperature of the heat-generating compartment and maintaining it at the design temperature. When the heat from the heat-generating compartment is insufficient, secondary antifreeze heat is obtained from the sewage. Electric heating is added to the antifreeze equipment as a supplement to the tertiary antifreeze heat or emergency antifreeze system. The compressor unit's main circulation loop includes the compressor, main circulation expansion valve, evaporator module, main circulation condenser in the condensing module, and corresponding refrigerant piping. The compressor connects to the main circulation condenser in the condensing module via the main circulation expansion valve and evaporator module to form the compressor unit's main circulation. The compressor unit's auxiliary circulation loop includes the compressor, auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve, domestic sewage tank heat exchanger, auxiliary circulation condenser in the condensing module, and corresponding refrigerant piping. The compressor connects to the auxiliary circulation branch expansion valve, domestic sewage tank heat exchanger, and auxiliary circulation condenser in the condensing module to form the compressor unit's auxiliary circulation. The chilled water circulation system includes a chilled water pump, heating chamber heat exchanger, chilled water piping, and evaporator module. The chilled water pump connects to the heating chamber heat exchanger in the heating chamber via the evaporator module to form the chilled water circulation. The hot water circulation system includes a hot water pump, antifreeze equipment heater, hot water piping, and condensing module. The hot water pump connects to the antifreeze equipment heater via the condensing module to form the hot water circulation.

2. The polar vessel energy-saving and antifreeze system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple antifreeze devices are connected in parallel to the hot water pipeline circulation system, and multiple heat-generating compartments and ship waste heat are connected in parallel to the cold water pipeline circulation system.

3. The polar vessel energy-saving and antifreeze system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circulating medium in the compressor unit's piping circulation system is refrigerant; the circulating medium in the chilled water piping circulation system is antifreeze chilled water; and the circulating medium in the hot water piping circulation system is antifreeze hot water.

4. The polar vessel energy-saving and antifreeze system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compressor is a variable frequency compressor.

5. The polar vessel energy-saving and antifreeze system according to claim 1, characterized in that: All circulation pipes within the antifreeze system are wrapped with thermal insulation and cold-proof material.

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