Tobacco nutritional agent and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation in crop seedling production, and particularly relates to a tobacco nutritional agent and a preparation method thereof. The tobacco nutritional agent is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 to 25 parts of modified seaweed mud, 3 to 6 parts of vitamin, 2 to 3 parts of acetylsalicylic acid, 45 to 55 parts of animal waste and 15 to 25 parts of compound fertilizer, the modified seaweed mud is obtained by mixing seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate and borax, roasting at 700-750 DEG C for 3-5 hours, grinding and sieving. The nutritional agent disclosed by the invention can provide nutritional nutrients prepared by nutrient soil for two-stage seedling culture after tobacco seedlings float in a southern tobacco planting area, and is beneficial to promoting early growth and quick germination and cultivating strong seedlings; when seedlings of early spring melons, fruits and vegetables in the southern region are transplanted to a field, nutrients needed by preparation of grafting nutrient soil are provided, growth and development of transplanted seedlings are promoted, and the rejuvenation period is shortened. The raw materials of the preparation are wide in source, low in price and convenient to purchase.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of cultivation in crop seedling production, and particularly relates to a tobacco nutrient and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the tobacco-growing areas in southern my country, intensive seedling raising technology is generally used for seedling cultivation in flue-cured tobacco production. Before the four leaves are in one heart, the flue-cured tobacco seedlings are cultivated by floating seedling raising. After the four leaves are in one heart, the two-stage seedling raising technology is adopted, and the seedlings are transplanted to the field after they are mature. Due to the low temperature, low light and heavy rain in the spring in southern my country, the tobacco seedlings cultivated by the floating tobacco seedling technology used in flue-cured tobacco have low root vitality, underdeveloped root system and poor stress resistance. After being transplanted to the field, they often grow slowly and have a long seedling acclimatization period, which affects the high-yield, high-quality and efficient production of flue-cured tobacco. In order to solve this problem, a two-stage seedling raising technology combining centralized floating seedling raising and nutrient soil acclimatization is adopted in tobacco production. However, the implementation of such technical measures requires the configuration of nutrient soil for acclimatization. The quality of nutrient soil for acclimatization directly affects the growth and development of tobacco seedlings, their resistance to diseases and insects and stress, and shortens or eliminates the acclimatization period. However, in the existing two-stage flue-cured tobacco seedling cultivation, the nutrient content of the planting nutrient soil is often incomplete, insufficient, and insufficiently sterilized, resulting in poor quality of the two-stage seedlings in production and prone to disease.

[0003] Prior art CN 113563129 A proposes a carbon-based seaweed microbial fertilizer for tobacco and its preparation method. The invention includes the following raw materials: 30-40 parts of seaweed residue, 30-40 parts of straw, 25-35 parts of animal feces, 5-15 parts of biochar, 5-10 parts of microbial fermentation agent, and 50-100 parts of water; the microbial fermentation agent is Bacillus aryabhattai, which was deposited in the General Microbiological Center of the China Microbiological Culture Collection Administration on May 9, 2020, with a deposit number of CGMCC NO.19788. The invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned biofertilizer. The components of the invention are reasonably matched, which enriches the effective ingredients of the microbial fertilizer, combines fermentation, enhances the interaction between the components, improves the fertilizer efficiency, and also has the function of preventing and treating tobacco soil-borne diseases such as black leg disease, comprehensively promotes tobacco growth, and improves the quality of tobacco leaves, which is worthy of large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] Prior art CN 114455996 A discloses a special seaweed biofertilizer for tobacco, including 26-35 parts of rapeseed cake fertilizer, 3-6 parts of seaweed fermentation products with biological activity, 18-22 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 13-20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 16-22 parts of potash fertilizer, 2-3 parts of silane coupling agent, 1-2 parts of polyaspartic acid, 0.5-2.5 parts of medium and trace elements and 0.5-1 part of roasted shell powder; the seaweed biofertilizer is crushed, mixed into water fertilizer, and then irrigated to the root part of tobacco through a special fertilization device. The biofertilizer of the invention adds a large amount of nutrients, medium and trace nutrients, and active seaweed components required for tobacco growth. On the one hand, it can improve the fertility of the soil and conserve arable land. On the other hand, it can also improve the stress resistance of tobacco, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, reduce the application of pesticides, and ensure the yield and quality of tobacco and the improvement of arable land quality. At the same time, with the special fertilization device of the present invention, it can achieve a significant effect of reducing labor and cost.

[0005] However, the above two prior arts essentially only provide a kind of biological fertilizer for soil fertilization and promoting the growth of the above-ground part of tobacco seedlings, but cannot solve the secondary infection caused by root injury and seedling injury during tobacco seedling transplanting, and the active ingredients for promoting root growth and rapid growth after transplanting. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a tobacco nutrient for promoting the growth and development of tobacco seedlings planted in a host plant and a preparation method thereof.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A tobacco nutrient comprises, by weight, 20-25 parts of modified seaweed mud, 3-6 parts of vitamins, 2-3 parts of acetylsalicylic acid, 45-55 parts of animal feces, and 15-25 parts of compound fertilizer; the modified seaweed mud is prepared by mixing seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate and borax, roasting the mixture at 700-750°C for 3-5h, and then grinding and sieving the mixture.

[0009] The present invention utilizes high temperature roasting to decompose organic components in seaweed mud, fixes the porous structure of seaweed mud, provides attachment positions and binding sites for magnesium sulfate and borax after dehydration, and enhances the effects of magnesium sulfate and borax. The porous structure formed by the modified seaweed mud fertilizer and the zinc and boron elements carried thereon improve the ability of seaweed mud to improve the water absorption and water retention of rhizosphere soil, improve the activity of enzymes and the synthesis of chlorophyll, and promote the root development of tobacco seedlings.

[0010] If the roasting temperature is too high, it will easily cause the carbonate to decompose and form metal oxides, which will turn into hydroxides when in contact with water. They are highly alkaline and not conducive to root growth. If the roasting temperature is too low, the organic matter will not be completely decomposed and the porous structure will not be fixed, affecting its water absorption and water retention properties.

[0011] In one preferred embodiment, seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate and borax are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-3):(1-2):(1-2).

[0012] The proportion of medium and trace elements in the soil is relatively stable. Adding too much of them can easily cause toxicity, while adding too little can hardly bring out their functions.

[0013] In one preferred embodiment, the mesh size of the sieve is 80-100 meshes.

[0014] In the powder state, the current simple measures can be effectively achieved. The increase in particle size does not take advantage of the modified seaweed mud, and too small a particle size increases the difficulty of achieving it.

[0015] In one preferred embodiment, magnesium sulfate is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO 4 7H 2 O.

[0016] In one preferred embodiment, borax is borax hydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O.

[0017] In one preferred embodiment, the vitamins include 2-3 parts of V-B6 and 2-3 parts of V-B12.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the animal manure is any one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, duck manure, sheep manure and horse manure, which are obtained by composting, fermenting and drying.

[0019] The decomposed livestock and poultry manure can be fermented in a conventional manner. The present invention has no special restrictions on the type of decomposed livestock and poultry manure, and can be obtained locally according to the type of animals raised locally, and can be any one or more of sheep manure, cow manure, pig manure, horse manure, chicken manure, and duck manure.

[0020] In one preferred embodiment, the drying is air-drying at room temperature.

[0021] In one preferred embodiment, the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing N, P, and K elements; in the compound fertilizer, N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 The molar ratio of O is (15-20):(15-20):(15-20).

[0022] Based on the same invention, the present invention also claims a method for preparing the tobacco nutrient, comprising the following steps:

[0023] The modified seaweed mud, vitamins and acetylsalicylic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain component 1 for later use;

[0024] The animal excrement and compound fertilizer are mixed evenly, and then component 1 is added and mixed to obtain the tobacco nutrient.

[0025] Based on the same invention, the present invention also claims to protect the application of the tobacco nutrient, including: mixing the tobacco nutrient with sterilized soil or mud for planting tobacco seedlings.

[0026] In one of the preferred embodiments, the tobacco nutrient is mixed with sterilized soil or mud in a mass ratio of (1-2):(50-150).

[0027] In one of the preferred embodiments, the tobacco seedlings are flue-cured tobacco floating seedlings that are about to be planted at the 3-4 leaf stage after emergence.

[0028] The invention provides a tobacco nutrient agent, which is used for preparing nutrient soil for planting in two-stage seedling cultivation, and provides comprehensive and sufficient nutrients for the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco seedlings during the planting period, as well as an environment conducive to root growth, so as to overcome the main problems existing in the existing planting in production, cultivate strong seedlings, and realize early growth and rapid development of seedlings after planting.

[0029] The nutrient of the present invention comprises two major components: functional substances (modified seaweed mud fertilizer, VB6, VB12, acetylsalicylic acid) and auxiliary materials (decomposed animal feces, compound fertilizer). On the one hand, the porous structure formed by the modified seaweed mud fertilizer and the zinc and boron elements carried thereon improve the water absorption and water retention performance of the rhizosphere soil, contribute to the activity of enzymes and the synthesis of chlorophyll, and promote the root development of tobacco seedlings; on the other hand, the zinc and boron elements promote the significant improvement and nourishment of the seaweed mud on the soil, improve the soil structure, increase the organic matter content of the soil, improve the soil aggregate structure, make the soil loose and breathable, and also improve the soil microbial activity and promote the release of soil nutrients. These effects jointly enhance the fertility and ecological function of the soil. Animal feces, as the main source of organic matter, improve the soil structure, increase the water retention and air permeability of the non-rhizosphere soil, and promote the activity of microorganisms. VB6 and VB12 work together to promote the photosynthesis and nucleic acid synthesis of plants, enhance the metabolic activity and stress resistance of plants, and improve the growth rate and disease resistance. On the one hand, acetylsalicylic acid can improve the plant's resistance to stress, reduce the occurrence of diseases, and promote growth and development. At the same time, when used in combination with modified seaweed mud, seaweed mud fertilizer is rich in various trace elements, which can enhance the plant's disease resistance and stress resistance and improve the overall growth state.

[0030] In summary, the nutrient provided by the present invention provides comprehensive nutritional support and growth promotion functions by comprehensively using the main ingredients and functional substances: 1) Improve soil quality: decomposed animal manure improves soil structure, increases organic matter and basic nutrients, and provides a good growth environment. 2) Enhance nutrient absorption: zinc sulfate and borax provide essential trace elements, which promote plant nutrient absorption and metabolism. 3) Promote plant growth: VB6 and VB12 enhance the metabolic activity and growth rate of plants, acetylsalicylic acid and seaweed extracts improve stress resistance and disease resistance, and promote the healthy growth of plants as a whole. The nutrient provided by the present invention can provide nutrients configured by nutrient soil for the two-stage seedling cultivation after floating tobacco seedlings in the southern tobacco planting area, which is conducive to promoting early growth and rapid development, and cultivating strong seedlings; for the early spring fruit and vegetable seedling cultivation in the southern region, when it is transplanted to the field, it provides the nutrients required for making dowry nutrient soil, promotes the growth and development of seedlings after transplanting, and shortens the seedling acclimatization period. The raw materials of the preparation of the present invention are widely available and inexpensive, and are easy to purchase.

[0031] At the same time, the nutrient agent of the present invention has the characteristics of simple production, low cost, convenient use and easy mastering, better effect than existing technical measures, no environmental pollution, etc., and has good application value. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the specific embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The experiment was conducted at a tobacco station test base in Linli County, Changde City. The experimental flue-cured tobacco was Yunyan 87, which was sown on December 25, 2022. The four-leaf, one-heart tobacco seedlings cultivated by floating tobacco seedlings were prepared with nutrient soil and planted for 25 days before being transplanted to the field.

[0035] The experimental design is "application of the nutrient agent of the present invention (treatment 1), no application of the nutrient agent of the present invention (control, but application of 45% (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content 15%) of the same amount of triple compound fertilizer as treatment 1), treatment 2 (seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate, and borax are directly mixed according to the mass ratio without roasting), treatment 3 (seaweed mud and magnesium sulfate are roasted according to the mass ratio without adding borax), treatment 4 (seaweed mud and borax are roasted according to the mass ratio without adding magnesium sulfate), treatment 5 (magnesium sulfate and borax are roasted according to the mass ratio without adding seaweed mud There are nine treatments, including treatment 6 (modified seaweed mud is replaced by seaweed fermentation product, which is obtained by treating fertilizer workshop wastewater with diatoms or Chlorella to obtain microalgae biomass, and then adding vinegar grains and yeast powder to ferment for 10-15 days), treatment 7 (without acetylsalicylic acid), and treatment 8 (decomposed dry cow dung)". Each treatment area is 20 plates [50-hole black plastic floppy disk, 5×10 holes (5.0 cm, volume 55 cc) with a length of 54 cm × a width of 28 cm]. The tobacco seedlings in the treatments with and without the application of fertilizer were all 4-leaf and 1-heart tobacco seedlings. After the preparation of the nutrient soil for planting on March 1, 2023, they were planted; they were transplanted to the field on March 26, and the planting period was 25 days; the growth and appearance of the tobacco seedlings for planting were kept basically the same.

[0036] The nutrient agent (treatment 1) of this embodiment includes: 25 parts of modified seaweed mud, 2 parts of VB6, 2 parts of VB12, 3 parts of acetylsalicylic acid, 50 parts of animal feces, and 15 parts of compound fertilizer; the modified seaweed mud is prepared by mixing seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate, and borax in a mass ratio of 2:1:1, roasting at 750°C for 3h, and then grinding and passing through a 100-mesh sieve.

[0037] Magnesium sulfate is magnesium sulfate heptahydrate MgSO 4 7H 2 O. Borax is borax hydrate Na 2 B 4 O 7 .10H 2 O. Animal manure is obtained by composting, fermenting and drying cow manure. The compound fertilizer is a ternary compound fertilizer containing 45% of N, P and K elements (15% each of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) (for example, the ternary compound fertilizer of Yunnan Mingcheng Fertilizer Co., Ltd.).

[0038] First, the functional substances (modified seaweed mud, VB6, VB12, acetylsalicylic acid) and base fertilizer (animal feces, compound fertilizer) are uniformly mixed according to the mass proportion of each component, and then the two major types of substances are uniformly mixed, and then the mixture of the present invention and the sterile dried and crushed paddy soil are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:100 to prepare the nutrient soil for planting tobacco seedlings. Planting is carried out according to the experimental design.

[0039] 25 days before transplanting, select 20 representative tobacco seedlings with basically the same growth and development for each treatment, and conduct investigation and determination of the main agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings according to the YC / T 142-1998 tobacco agronomic traits investigation method, including:

[0040] 1) Determination of tobacco seedling height and maximum leaf length and width: After the tobacco seedlings are cleaned, they are measured with a ruler (with an accuracy of 1 mm).

[0041] 2) Determination of stem circumference of tobacco seedlings: After the tobacco seedlings are cleaned, they are measured using a vernier caliper (with an accuracy of 0.01 mm).

[0042] 3) Determination and calculation of tobacco seedling leaf area: According to the length and width of the largest leaf of the tobacco seedling, the leaf area (cm2) of the largest leaf is calculated according to the formula "length × width × 0.6345". 2 ).

[0043] At the same time, the tobacco seedlings are:

[0044] 4) Determination of dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings: Five representative tobacco seedlings with basically the same growth were selected for each treatment to examine the "fresh weight and dry weight of the root system, stem, and leaves, and calculate the fresh-dry ratio of the aboveground part to the underground part" and the dry mass root-shoot ratio (R / S). The fresh weight and dry weight were determined using a balance (accuracy of 0.0001g). After absorbing the water with filter paper, the weight of the seedling leaves, stems and roots was weighed separately with a balance, and the seedlings were sterilized at 105℃ for 15min, dried at 80℃ to a constant weight, and the dry weight was determined.

[0045] 5) Root activity determination: The root activity of tobacco seedlings was determined by TTC method.

[0046] The result is as follows:

[0047] Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of tobacco seedlings under different treatments

[0048]

[0049] The results show that: (1) As shown in Table 1, after the tobacco seedlings were treated with the composition of the present invention for 25 days, compared with the control, the stem width, stem height, maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width, maximum leaf area, and number of leaves in the whole seedling increased by 19.0%, 13.3%, 7.18%, 11.0%, 19.0% and 7.14% respectively. Therefore, the nutrient agent of the present invention is added to the nutrient soil for the floating seedlings of tobacco seedlings with 4 leaves per core, and the seedlings are planted for 25 days, which is beneficial to promote the growth and development of tobacco seedlings during the planting period and improve the agronomic traits.

[0050] Table 2 Dry weight and dry-to-fresh ratio of tobacco seedlings treated with different methods

[0051]

[0052] (2) As shown in Table 2 above, the tobacco seedlings treated with the composition of the present invention for 25 days are compared with the control, among which: 1) the dry weight and dry-fresh ratio of the aboveground part are 5.08% and 2.00% higher, respectively; 2) the dry weight and dry-fresh ratio of the underground part are 8.33% and 4.69% higher, respectively; 3) the dry weight root-crown ratio is 1.00% higher than the control. This shows that the nutrient agent of the present invention is added to the nutrient soil for the floating seedlings of tobacco seedlings with 4 leaves and one heart, and the 25 days of planting is beneficial to promote the increase of the dry matter accumulation of the roots, stems and leaves of the tobacco seedlings during the planting period.

[0053] Table 3 Chlorophyll content of the largest leaf of tobacco seedlings in different treatments (mg / g)

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] (3) As shown in Table 3, the chlorophyll content of the largest leaf of the tobacco seedlings planted for 25 days after being treated with the composition of the present invention was 9.42% higher than that of the control. The use of less nutrient or changing the treatment method of the present invention only improved the appearance quality of tobacco leaves by 0.4-7.7%, and the treatment with modified seaweed mud replaced by seaweed fermentation or without adding seaweed mud was the lowest, at 0.5-1.2%.

[0057] This indicates that the nutrient agent of the present invention is added to the nutrient soil of tobacco seedlings grown in floating seedling cultivation with 4 leaves and one heart, and the cultivation is carried out for 25 days, which is beneficial to promoting the increase of chlorophyll content in the leaves of tobacco seedlings during the cultivation period.

[0058] Table 4 Root activity of tobacco seedlings under different treatments (μg / g·h FW)

[0059]

[0060] (4) As shown in Table 4, the root activity of tobacco seedlings treated with the composition of the present invention for 25 days was 6.92% higher than that of the control. The use of less nutrient or changing the treatment method of the present invention improved the appearance quality of tobacco leaves by 1.7-3.9%, and the treatment with modified seaweed mud replaced by seaweed fermentation or without adding seaweed mud was the lowest, which was -2.7%. This shows that the nutrient of the present invention is added to the nutrient soil for the floating seedlings of tobacco seedlings with 4 leaves and one heart, and the root activity of tobacco seedlings is improved during the planting period when the nutrient is added to the floating seedlings for 25 days.

[0061] Therefore, compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the porous structure formed by the modified seaweed mud fertilizer in the present invention and the zinc and boron elements carried thereon improve the water absorption and water retention properties of the rhizosphere soil, contribute to the activity of enzymes and the synthesis of chlorophyll, and promote the root development of tobacco seedlings; on the basis of improving the non-rhizosphere soil structure with animal feces, acetylsalicylic acid, VB6 and VB12 can effectively control the infection of pathogens, promote growth and development, and improve the overall growth state. It can provide the nutrients configured by the nutrient soil for the two-stage seedling cultivation after floating tobacco seedlings in the southern tobacco planting areas, which is conducive to promoting early growth and rapid development, and cultivating strong seedlings; it can provide the nutrients required for making the dowry nutrient soil for the early spring fruit and vegetable seedling cultivation in the southern region when transplanting to the field, promote the growth and development of the seedlings after transplanting, and shorten the seedling acclimatization period. The raw materials of the preparation of the present invention are widely available and inexpensive, and are easy to purchase.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tobacco nutrient, characterized in that: The modified seaweed mud comprises 20-25 parts of modified seaweed mud, 3-6 parts of vitamins, 2-3 parts of acetylsalicylic acid, 45-55 parts of animal feces and 15-25 parts of compound fertilizer by weight; the modified seaweed mud is obtained by mixing seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate and borax, roasting at 700-750°C for 3-5h, and then grinding and sieving.

2. The tobacco nutrient according to claim 1, characterized in that Seaweed mud, magnesium sulfate and borax are mixed in a mass ratio of (2-3):(1-2):(1-2).

3. The tobacco nutrient according to claim 1, characterized in that The mesh size of the sieve is 80-100 mesh.

4. The tobacco nutrient according to claim 1, characterized in that Vitamins include 2-3 parts of V-B6 and 2-3 parts of V-B12.

5. The tobacco nutrient according to claim 1, characterized in that The animal manure is any one or more of cow manure, pig manure, chicken manure, sheep manure and horse manure obtained by composting, fermenting and drying.

6. The tobacco nutrient according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing N, P, and K elements; in the compound fertilizer, the molar ratio of N:P2O5:K2O is (15-20):(15-20): (15-20)。 7. A method for preparing the tobacco nutrient according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The modified seaweed mud, vitamins and acetylsalicylic acid are uniformly mixed to obtain component 1 for later use; The animal excrement and compound fertilizer are mixed evenly, and then component 1 is added and mixed to obtain the tobacco nutrient.

8. The use of the tobacco nutrient according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The application comprises: mixing the tobacco nutrient with sterilized soil or mud for planting tobacco seedlings.

9. The use of the tobacco nutrient according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tobacco nutrient is mixed with sterilized soil or mud in a mass ratio of (1-2):(50-150).

10. The use of the tobacco nutrient according to claim 8, characterized in that: The tobacco seedlings are flue-cured tobacco floating seedlings that are about to be planted at the 3-4 leaf stage after emergence.

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