Biological oil spill dispersing agent as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a biological oil spill dispersant and a preparation method and application thereof. The biological oil spill dispersant comprises 10-15% of a first nonionic surfactant, 25-30% of a second biomass surfactant, 15-20% of a solubilizer, 5-10% of an auxiliary agent and 30-40% of a solvent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing the first nonionic surfactant and the auxiliary agent to obtain a mixture A, mixing the second biomass surfactant, the solubilizer and the solvent to obtain a mixture B, dropwise adding the mixture A into the mixture B, and carrying out chromatography to obtain the biological oil spill dispersant. The prepared oil spill dispersant has high fresh water stability and biodegradation rate, is suitable for fresh water areas such as river channels and lake surfaces or various forms of water vortex environments, has the advantages of no toxicity and harmlessness to fresh water aquatic organisms, environmental protection, high biodegradation rate, mild action conditions and the like, and can be applied and popularized on a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of water pollution prevention and control, and specifically relates to a biological oil spill dispersant and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Hydroelectric power stations can use the kinetic energy of the strong water flow generated by the water level difference to generate electricity. They have the advantages of low cost, no use of fossil fuels, and environmental protection. At the same time, they can also be combined with flood control, irrigation, water supply, shipping, aquaculture and other undertakings to implement the comprehensive utilization of water resources, so they have been widely used. The axial flow propeller unit in the hydroelectric power station, its runner, speed control system and three bearings and other parts are lubricated, cooled or energy transmitted by turbine oil. With the extension of the service life of mechanical equipment, there may be damage to the wheel blade seal, damage to the cooling water pipe of the oil cooler, and leakage of the relay shaft seal. These situations will cause turbine oil leakage and directly or indirectly pollute the water environment. Existing pollution includes the large-scale leakage and overflow of medium and high viscosity index mineral oils such as 46# turbine oil, diesel, and gasoline when used in hydraulic transmission or system control. The environmental pollution caused by the large-scale leakage and overflow of oil has attracted much attention. It is imperative to research and develop an environmentally friendly oil spill dispersant, an effective oil pollution treatment product and an oil-containing industrial wastewater purification solution.

[0003] In order to seek economical and effective treatment methods, countries around the world have made a lot of progress in physics, chemistry and biology. Among them, the use of oil spill dispersants is one of the current chemical methods for rapid treatment of oil spills. Oil spill dispersants, also known as dispersants, are mainly composed of three parts: surfactants, solvents and additives. The main role of the dispersant is the surfactant, which is composed of lipophilic groups and hydrophilic groups. It produces affinity for both oil and water, and at the same time, changes the interaction of the oil-water interface to achieve the purpose of reducing the surface tension of the oil film, so that the oil spill in the water quickly forms tiny water-in-oil emulsions through mechanical stirring or wave action. Solvents such as alcohols and hydrocarbons are more commonly used. Their role is to make the surfactant molecules and the oil spill miscible and reduce the viscosity of both, while diluting the oil and lowering the freezing point of the oil, which is convenient for the emulsification of the oil. Additives are additional ingredients in oil spill dispersants. The content is relatively small. They are generally composed of wetting agents and stabilizers. Their main function is to improve the quality of the product. Biomass surfactants are an important development direction in oil extraction. Compared with non-degradable chemical surfactants, they have the advantages of better surface activity, low or non-toxicity, and biodegradability. Through reasonable compounding with chemical surfactants or solubilizers, they can play a good synergistic role, further reduce oil-water interfacial tension, change wettability, and increase oil recovery efficiency.

[0004] Emulsified dispersed oil spill dispersants have the characteristics of good oil dispersibility and easy use. The research and development of oil spill dispersants in my country began in the 1970s, and its products are mainly used for oil spill treatment near the coast and on the sea surface. However, most oil spill dispersants are developed for marine environmental water conditions and marine microbial degradation conditions. Some products have the disadvantages of high toxicity, low degradation efficiency in fresh water, emulsification stability and emulsification rate are greatly affected by salinity, and high prices. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient and economical oil spill dispersant for freshwater to meet the needs of domestic freshwater environment oil spill treatment.

[0005] CN102335493A discloses a biological oil spill dispersant, which is characterized in that it is used to emulsify the oil spill through a surfactant and simultaneously use microorganisms for rapid bioremediation when an oil spill occurs. The surfactant used is rhamnolipid, which is not ideal in fresh water dispersion and emulsification effect, and yeast preservation and fermentation means are used, the production process is cumbersome, the production and use scale is limited, and the effect is not good. Therefore, developing an efficient and economical oil spill dispersant specifically for fresh water environment is the key research in the relevant technical field.

[0006] CN108554310A discloses an alkyl glycoside type oil spill dispersant. When treating oil spills, the amphiphilicity of the surfactant is mainly used to emulsify and disperse the oil spills into fine suspended oil droplets, which drift and diffuse with the waves. The dispersant used is mainly a chemically synthesized organic surfactant. Since the stability of the emulsified oil droplets after the dispersant is dispersed is affected by environmental factors such as the type of crude oil and seawater temperature and salinity, the environmental effect of the freshwater basin is limited.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an efficient bio-based oil spill dispersant specifically for medium and high viscosity index minerals such as 46# turbine oil, diesel, and gasoline to reduce the impact of oil spills on the environment. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a biological oil spill dispersant and a preparation method and application thereof. The biological oil spill dispersant has similar molecular polarity to medium and high viscosity index mineral oils, significantly increases the contact area between the surfactant and the oil spill, thereby improving the oil spill dispersion efficiency and effect, and has the characteristics of low toxicity, environmental protection, mild action conditions, and special use in freshwater areas.

[0009] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a biological oil spill dispersant, which comprises the following raw materials in weight percentage: 10-15% of a first nonionic surfactant, 25-30% of a second biomass surfactant, 15-20% of a solubilizer, 5-10% of an auxiliary agent, and 30-40% of a solvent.

[0010] Preferably, the total amount of the first nonionic surfactant, the second biomass surfactant and the solubilizer is 50-60%.

[0011] Further preferably, the first nonionic surfactant is one or more of Tween 20, Tween 40, Span 20, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, and polyethylene glycol ether; the second biomass surfactant is one or more of alkyl polyglycoside (APG), sodium cardanol sulfonate, and lauramide propyl betaine; and the solubilizer is one or more of polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, polyoxyethylene castor oil, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, alkyl betaine, and polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

[0012] Preferably, the auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol and the solvent is No. 3 white oil.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing a biological oil spill dispersant, comprising the following steps: (1) Adding an auxiliary agent to the first nonionic surfactant, mixing well and stirring until clear, to obtain a mixture A; (2) adding a second biomass surfactant and a solubilizer to anhydrous ethanol, mixing and stirring until fully dissolved, and removing the ethanol by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a mixture B; (3) Add mixed material B to the solvent, mix and stir evenly, adjust the temperature and speed, and then add mixed material A dropwise to obtain a crude product; (4) Activate the chromatography silica gel at 110°C for 4 h, then dissolve it in a mixed solvent of ethyl acetate and methanol, place it in a glass chromatography column, and fill the top of the chromatography column with anhydrous sodium sulfate; (5) The crude product is added to the top of the chromatography column constructed in step (4) for elution, and the eluate is subjected to rotary evaporation to remove the solvent to obtain a biological oil spill dispersant.

[0014] Preferably, the stirring temperature in step (1) is 30-40° C., and the stirring speed is 700-1000 r / min.

[0015] Preferably, the stirring temperature in step (2) is 40-50° C., and the stirring speed is 900-1100 r / min.

[0016] Preferably, the stirring temperature in step (1) is 40-50°C, and the stirring speed is 900-1100 r / min. After adjustment, the stirring temperature is 50-55°C, and the stirring speed is 1100-1300 r / min.

[0017] Preferably, the dropping speed of the mixture A in step (3) is 100-150 mL / min.

[0018] Preferably, the volume ratio of ethyl acetate to methanol in the ethyl acetate-methanol mixed solvent described in step (4) is 10:1.

[0019] Preferably, the rotary evaporation temperature in step (5) is 30-50°C.

[0020] The present invention also provides an application of a biological oil spill dispersant, which is used for treating pollution caused by overflow of 46# turbine oil, diesel, gasoline and other medium and high viscosity index mineral oils on the fresh water surface of rivers, ports, lakes and lakes, for treating floating oil in cooling water of refineries and other discharged oily wastewater, and for de-oiling and cleaning of mudflats, the outer body and transmission device of internal combustion engines, and the inner and outer walls of oil tanks.

[0021] Preferably, the application conditions are that the water salinity is 0-0.5‰, the pH is 6.0-8.5, the agent-oil ratio is 1:10-1:30, and the water temperature is 0-25°C.

[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. By using additives, non-ionic surfactants and biosurfactants to form hydrogen bonds, and adding solubilizers to enhance solubilization, the biological oil spill dispersant has similar molecular polarity to commonly used oils such as 46# turbine oil, diesel, gasoline and other medium and high viscosity index mineral oils, which significantly increases the contact area between the surfactant and the oil spill, thereby improving the efficiency and effect of oil spill dispersion.

[0023] 2. The biological oil spill dispersant of the present invention has high freshwater stability. The synergistic effect of the non-ionic surfactant and the biological surfactant enables the oil spill dispersant to have higher emulsification stability and biodegradation rate in a freshwater environment. It is suitable for freshwater areas such as rivers and lakes or various forms of water eddy environments. At the same time, the product is non-toxic and harmless to freshwater aquatic organisms, green and environmentally friendly, and has a high biodegradation rate. Compared with traditional chemical surfactant synthetic products, the biological oil spill dispersant not only has the functions of emulsifying and dispersing oil pollution and reducing surface tension, but also has the characteristics of low toxicity, environmental protection, mild action conditions, and special use in freshwater areas. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart of the emulsification stability of the oil spill dispersant on 46# turbine oil in Example 7, in which A is a front view within 30 seconds after emulsification, B is a front view within 10 minutes after emulsification, C is a top view within 30 seconds after emulsification, and D is a top view within 10 minutes after emulsification.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a bar graph showing the dispersibility and emulsification performance of the biological oil spill dispersant in Example 8 for different oil products.

[0026] Figure 3This is a comparison chart of the emulsification effect of the biological oil spill dispersant on 46# turbine oil in Example 8, in which A is a front view after adding the oil spill dispersant, B is a front view without adding the oil spill dispersant, C is a top view with the addition of the oil spill dispersant, and D is a top view without adding the oil spill dispersant. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solution of the present invention is further explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is worth noting that the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. The protection scope of the present invention shall be based on the contents recorded in the claims. Any modification or replacement made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention without creative work shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Example 1 A biological oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 15% Tween 80 (first non-ionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (auxiliary agent), 25% sodium cardanol sulfonate (second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (solubilizer), and 40% No. 3 white oil (solvent).

[0029] A preparation method of a biological oil spill dispersant: (1) Adding the auxiliary agent to the first nonionic surfactant, mixing evenly, and then magnetically stirring at 35° C. and 800 r / min for 5 min to obtain a mixture A; (2) adding a second biomass surfactant and a solubilizer to anhydrous ethanol, mixing them evenly, and then magnetically stirring them at 45° C. and 1000 r / min for 10 min to fully dissolve them, and then removing the anhydrous ethanol by reduced pressure distillation at 40° C. and 60 MPa to obtain a mixture B; (3) Adding mixed material B into the solvent, magnetically stirring at 45°C and 1000 r / min for 10 min, to obtain mixed material C; (4) Mixture C was stirred at 50°C and 1200 r / min, and mixture A was added dropwise to obtain a crude product; the dropping speed of mixture A was 130 mL / min; (5) Activate the chromatography silica gel at 110° C. for 4 h, then dissolve it in an ethyl acetate-methanol mixed solvent, fill it into a glass chromatography column, and fill anhydrous sodium sulfate on the top of the glass chromatography column; wherein the volume ratio of ethyl acetate to methanol is 10:1; (6) The crude product is dissolved in an ethyl acetate-methanol mixed solvent, and then added to the top of a glass chromatography column for elution to obtain an eluate; the eluate is then subjected to a rotary evaporator at 40°C to remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a purified, homogeneous, and clear bio-based oil spill dispersant.

[0030] Example 2 A biological oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 10% Tween 20 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 15% polyoxyethylene castor oil (a solubilizer), 30% APG (a second biomass surfactant), and 40% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and a purified homogeneous and clarified biological oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0031] Example 3 A biological oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 10% Span 20 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether (a solubilizer), 25% dodecyl glucoside (a second biomass surfactant), and 40% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and a purified homogeneous and clarified biological oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0032] Example 4 A biological oil spill dispersant is provided, the formula of which is 15% polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (a first nonionic surfactant), 10% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 15% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether (a solubilizing agent), 25% lauramide propyl betaine (a second biomass surfactant), and 35% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and a purified homogeneous and clarified biological oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0033] Example 5 A biological oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 15% polyethylene glycol ether (first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (adjuvant), 20% alkyl betaine (solubilizer), 30% cardanol polyoxyethylene ether (second biomass surfactant), and 30% No. 3 white oil (solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and a purified homogeneous and clarified biological oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0034] Example 6 A biological oil spill dispersant, the formula is 15% Tween 80 (first non-ionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (adjuvant), 15% sodium cardanol sulfonate (second biomass surfactant), 10% APG (second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (solubilizer), and 40% No. 3 white oil (solvent).

[0035] Comparative Example 1 An oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 15% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 20% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 45% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0036] Comparative Example 2 An oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 15% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 40% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 25% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0037] Comparative Example 3 An oil spill dispersant is formulated with 15% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 20% fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether AEO-9, 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (solubilizer), and 45% No. 3 white oil (solvent). The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1 to prepare the oil spill dispersant.

[0038] Comparative Example 4 An oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 5% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 20% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 55% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0039] Comparative Example 5 An oil spill dispersant, the formula of which is 20% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 5% ethylene glycol (an auxiliary agent), 20% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 15% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 40% No. 3 (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0040] Comparative Example 6 An oil spill dispersant is formulated with 15% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 20% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 10% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 55% No. 3 white oil (a solvent). The preparation method is the same as that in Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0041] Comparative Example 7 An oil spill dispersant is provided, the formula of which is 15% Tween 80 (a first nonionic surfactant), 20% sodium cardanol sulfonate (a second biomass surfactant), 25% polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil (a solubilizer), and 40% No. 3 white oil (a solvent); the preparation method is the same as that of Example 1, and the oil spill dispersant is prepared.

[0042] Comparative Example 8 An oil spill dispersant, the formula and preparation method are the same as those of Example 1, except that steps (5) to (6) are omitted, and the crude product obtained after the mixture A is added dropwise is used as the oil spill dispersant.

[0043] Example 7 The oil spill dispersant prepared by the above embodiment and comparative example was measured according to the method of national standard GB 18188.1-2021 and the internationally used BFT method, and its appearance, pH and kinematic viscosity were measured; its flash point was measured according to the method of national standard GB / T 267-1988; its emulsification rate was measured according to the method of national standard GB 18188.2021, and the specific method is as follows: Add 0.04g of oil spill dispersant to 1.000g of test 46# turbine oil (standard oil) floating on the surface of 50mL river fresh water, shake and emulsify, then let it stand for 30s and 10min respectively, take 20mL of the lower layer of emulsion, measure the oil concentration, and calculate the emulsification rate of 30s (indicating the emulsification ability of the oil spill dispersant) and the emulsification rate of 10min (indicating the emulsification stability of the oil spill dispersant); The emulsification rate calculation formula is:

[0044] Where: T—emulsification rate, %; m1—standard oil addition amount, g; C—Oil concentration obtained from the standard curve or calculated based on the regression coefficient by the absorbance value of the extract, mg / L; a—extract dilution multiple; 51—The value of the sum of the volumes of artificial seawater and oil (ml).

[0045] The biodegradability of oil spill dispersants is determined according to the biodegradability index determination method in the national standard GB 18188.2021, that is, the biodegradability of oil spill dispersants is evaluated by using the ratio of BOD5 to COD.

[0046] Table 1 Performance indicators of oil spill dispersants

[0047] As shown in Table 1, Example 1 has the highest emulsification rate, which can reach 73% for 30s and 42% for 10min of 46# turbine oil, and its biodegradability is higher than the national standard requirement.

[0048] Depend on Figure 1 It can be seen that after adding the biological oil spill dispersant prepared in Example 1 and shaking and emulsifying it and letting it stand for 30 seconds, the 46# turbine oil was almost completely dispersed and emulsified in the water body, and there was almost no oil layer on the water surface; after shaking and letting it stand for 10 minutes, there was only a small amount of experimental oil on the water surface, indicating that the oil spill dispersant prepared in Example 1 has good dispersion stability for 46# turbine oil, and the dispersed oil can be stably dispersed underwater for a long time.

[0049] Example 8 (1) Add 1.000 g of 46# turbine oil (standard oil), diesel, gasoline, grease, cutting oil and crude oil to 50 mL of river fresh water as experimental solutions; (2) 0.04 g of the biological oil spill dispersant prepared in Example 1 was added to the experimental solution, and the emulsification rate was calculated according to the method described in Example 6 after oscillation for 30 seconds; (3) Add 0.04 g of river fresh water to the experimental solution containing 46# turbine oil, shake for 30 seconds, and then calculate the emulsification rate according to the method described in Example 6; The results are as follows Figure 2 As shown, the biological oil spill dispersant prepared in Example 1 has a high 30s emulsification rate for different oil products, among which the emulsification effect for gasoline is the best, which can reach more than 70%.

[0050] The results are as follows Figure 3 As shown, within 30 seconds after adding biological oil spill dispersant to river fresh water containing 46# turbine oil and oscillating, the 46# turbine oil was rapidly emulsified and dispersed. Under the action of oscillation, the experimental oil was completely dispersed into extremely fine droplets under the water surface; when no oil spill dispersant was added, the 46# turbine oil floated on the surface of the water body. Within 30 seconds after oscillation, the 46# turbine oil re-aggregated on the water surface due to surface tension; This shows that the oil spill dispersant can effectively emulsify the 46# turbine oil and the dispersion speed is fast.

[0051] Example 9 Zebrafish acute toxicity test: The zebrafish acute toxicity test was conducted using a static water test method. The specific steps are as follows: (1) The zebrafish were domesticated in river freshwater for one week to adapt to the experimental environment. During the domestication period, a large amount of water was changed and food was fed once a day. In order to keep the water environment clean, feces and food residues were removed every day. (2) Feeding was stopped 24 hours before the test. If the mortality rate of the batch of fish exceeded 10% during the domestication period, the batch of fish was discarded, and the test fish had no obvious diseases or deformities visible to the naked eye; (3) Before the formal experiment, select individuals of similar size, intact, stretched, and good ability to swim from domesticated tuna for use; (4) Add about 15 L of test water into the test cylinder until the water surface reaches the upper edge of the pore zone on the organic glass tube in the test cylinder to determine the water volume; start the stirrer and adjust the speed to 300 r / min, then add 600 mg / L of the oil spill dispersant prepared in the above examples and comparative examples into the vortex in the organic glass tube to reach the test concentration, and stir evenly.

[0052] (5) Select 40 test fish from the acclimation pond and place them in four 1000 mL beakers, with 10 fish in each beaker. After the test preparation is completed, use a soft scoop net to transfer the test fish to three test tanks with the same test solution concentration for parallel tests and one test tank with only aerated water for a blank test. During the test period, if any test fish is found to be motionless or not breathing, gently touch its tail with a glass rod. If the test fish does not respond, it is considered dead and should be removed in time.

[0053] (6) Accurately record the time when five test fish die, which is counted as the median lethal time.

[0054] Table 2 Acute toxicity of oil spill dispersants

[0055] Example 10 (1) Take river water from the Pearl River Basin, Guangzhou Port water, artificially prepared seawater and pure water as water samples to be tested; (2) Add 1.000 g of 46# turbine oil to 50 mL of the water sample to be tested, and then add 0.04 g of the oil spill dispersant prepared in Example 1, shake and emulsify, and calculate the emulsification rate within 30 seconds and 10 minutes.

[0056] Table 3 Emulsification effect of oil spill dispersant on different water samples

[0057] As shown in Table 3, Example 1 has a high emulsification rate for fresh water such as pure water and river water, and the 30s emulsification rate for 46# turbine oil can reach 73%, and the 10min emulsification rate for 46# turbine oil can reach 42%. However, for waters such as seawater with high salinity and other trace elements, the biosurfactant will be destroyed, and the emulsification effect is not as good as that of fresh water.

Claims

1. A biological oil spill dispersant, characterized in that: The raw material composition comprises the following weight percentages: 10-15% of a first nonionic surfactant, 25-30% of a second biomass surfactant, 15-20% of a solubilizer, 5-10% of an auxiliary agent, and 30-40% of a solvent.

2. A biological oil spill dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total amount of the first nonionic surfactant, the second biomass surfactant and the solubilizer is 50-60%.

3. A biological oil spill dispersant according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first nonionic surfactant is one or more of Tween 20, Tween 40, Span 20, polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, and polyethylene glycol ether; the second biomass surfactant is one or more of alkyl glycoside, sodium cardanol sulfonate, and lauramide propyl betaine; the solubilizer is one or more of polyoxyethylene hardened castor oil, polyoxyethylene castor oil, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene ether, alkyl betaine, and polyglycerol fatty acid ester.

4. A biological oil spill dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that: The auxiliary agent is ethylene glycol, and the solvent is No. 3 white oil.

5. A method for preparing a biological oil spill dispersant as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: (1) Adding an auxiliary agent to the first nonionic surfactant, mixing well and stirring until clear, to obtain a mixture A; (2) adding a second biomass surfactant and a solubilizer to anhydrous ethanol, mixing and stirring until fully dissolved, and removing the ethanol by reduced pressure distillation to obtain a mixture B; (3) Add mixed material B to the solvent, mix and stir evenly, adjust the temperature and speed, and then add mixed material A dropwise to obtain a crude product; (4) The crude product is eluted by chromatography and then the solvent is removed by rotary evaporation to obtain a biological oil spill dispersant.

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The stirring temperature in step (1) is 30-40°C and the stirring speed is 700-1000 r / min; The stirring temperature in step (2) is 40-50°C and the stirring speed is 900-1100 r / min; The stirring temperature in step (1) is 40-50°C and the stirring speed is 900-1100 r / min. After adjustment, the stirring temperature is 50-55°C and the stirring speed is 1100-1300 r / min.

7. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The dropping speed of the mixed material A in step (3) is 100-150 mL / min.

8. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The solvents for chromatography in step (4) are ethyl acetate and methanol in a volume ratio of 10:1; the rotary evaporation temperature is 30-50°C.

9. An application of the biological oil spill dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The application is to treat the overflow of 46# turbine oil, diesel, gasoline and other medium and high viscosity index mineral oil pollution on the fresh water surface of rivers, ports, lakes and lakes, to treat the floating oil of cooling water and other discharged oily wastewater in refineries, and to remove oil from mudflats, the outer body and transmission device of internal combustion engines, and the inner and outer walls of oil tanks.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that: The application conditions are as follows: the salinity of the water body is 0-0.5‰, the pH is 6.0-8.5, the agent-oil ratio is 1:10-1:30, and the water body temperature is 0-25°C.

Images