Slope protection structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a side slope protection structure which is characterized in that the side slope protection structure comprises a flattened side slope, a gabion net cage, a nutrition matrix layer, a degradable cloth-shaped material layer and a microalgae layer are sequentially and upwards arranged on the upper surface of the side slope, and plant seeds are arranged in the nutrition matrix layer. In this way, greening is achieved through microalgae reproduction and growth in the early stage, greening is achieved through plant growth and microalgae in the later stage, the soil fixation and slope protection effects of microalgae and plants are fully facilitated, and the slope protection device has the advantages of being simple in structure and good in slope protection effect.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent "A slope protection method based on microalgae cultivation" with application number 202211457395.9 and application date 2022-11-21. Technical Field

[0002] The invention relates to the field of road slope protection, and in particular to a slope protection structure. Background Art

[0003] With the continuous development and construction of highways and railways, it is inevitable that large areas of exposed soil on the slopes have appeared. A large amount of dust and wind-blown sand have posed a great threat to the local ecological environment and the health of residents. Wind-blown sand is a poor soil in engineering materials. The loose sand particle structure will aggravate vegetation degradation, soil erosion and land desertification. Therefore, the need to solidify the road slope soil has become more and more urgent.

[0004] At present, the methods used to stabilize soil mainly include engineering technology, chemical technology and biotechnology. Engineering soil stabilization technology mainly uses various engineering measures, such as setting up obstacles on the soil with materials such as wheat straw, rice straw, nylon net and high-density polyethylene, so as to seal, fix, block, guide and dissipate the soil, and finally achieve the purpose of windproof soil stabilization. However, this engineering soil stabilization method has problems such as huge engineering workload and high cost, and it cannot be promoted and applied on a large scale. Chemical soil stabilization technology mainly combines loose soil by adding chemical binders to enhance its stability. Although this soil stabilization technology has a quick effect, the cost is generally high, and the chemicals added to the soil are likely to cause secondary pollution to the environment. In summary, it is particularly important to research and develop an efficient, green and pollution-free soil stabilization method.

[0005] Biological soil fixation technology can be divided into plant soil fixation and microbial soil fixation. This technology is a new type of biological mineralization method in the field of geotechnical engineering. Many soil fixation plants have good windproof and soil fixation capabilities, and can adapt to arid soil environments, playing an important role in the restoration of degraded land. Due to the poor ecological environment of the soil that needs to be fixed, the general survival rate of plants is short and the growth cycle is long, which makes plant soil fixation technology more limited.

[0006] In addition, in mountainous road construction, for rock slopes, traditional protection measures such as frame soil greening, mortar stone, and spray greening are often adopted in actual engineering practice. These slope protection measures are either costly or form a hard ground environment on the protection surface where plants are difficult to survive, and it is difficult to restore green vegetation, which not only affects the landscaping of road slopes, but also makes it difficult to achieve a long-term and stable slope protection effect. For areas with loose soil, traditional slope protection methods include grass slope protection, vegetation belts, and grass and shrub combination protection. Although these protection forms, which mainly use ecological plants to protect slopes, have achieved the effect of slope greening, such measures can only be satisfied with slopes with a slope of less than 60°. For steep slopes with a slope of more than 60°, these slope protection measures are difficult to play an effective greening role.

[0007] Therefore, how to provide a slope protection technology that is easy to implement on steep slopes, simple to construct, convenient to maintain, and has good soil consolidation and protection effects has become a problem to be considered by technical personnel in this field. Summary of the invention

[0008] In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a slope protection method based on microalgae cultivation, which is convenient to implement on steep slopes, simple to construct, convenient to maintain, and has good soil consolidation and protection effect, as well as a slope protection structure.

[0009] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A slope protection method based on microalgae cultivation is characterized in that a layer of degradable cloth material is directly fixed on the slope to form a cloth material layer, a layer of microalgae is arranged on the upper surface of the cloth material layer, plant seeds are buried under the cloth material layer, and the slope is regularly watered and maintained, so that the greening maintenance of the slope is achieved in the early stage by the reproduction of microalgae, and in the later stage, green plants are grown by plant seeds and microalgae together to achieve greening maintenance.

[0010] Such a cloth-like material layer has a good water absorption effect. When covered on the slope, it can absorb water and nutrients (nutrients can come from watering or the slope itself) for the growth and reproduction of microalgae during watering and maintenance. The growth and reproduction cycle of microalgae is very short. After the microalgae grows out, they can also absorb exhaust gas and release oxygen like plants, which can quickly achieve the initial greening effect of the slope. The cloth-like material covering the slope before degradation can also prevent soil erosion and is suitable for steeper slopes. At the same time, after the microalgae reproduce in large quantities, the soil can be fixed by microbial soil fixation. Because microalgae are microorganisms, they can induce calcium carbonate precipitation during the growth and reproduction process. Calcium carbonate with cementing effect is quickly generated to condense loose soil together to improve soil strength; at the same time, microorganisms decompose urea in the environment into ammonium and carbonate ions through the urease produced, and the exogenously added calcium ions gather near the negatively charged microbial cells to form calcium carbonate precipitation, achieving the purpose of cementing sand. In addition, the reproduction of microalgae can quickly degrade the cloth-like material and make it integrated with the slope. The degraded cloth-like material can provide nutrition for the reproduction of microalgae and plant growth. The nitrogen fixation effect produced by the death of microalgae after reproduction can also provide nutrition for plant growth, so that plant seeds can germinate and grow faster. After the plants grow, they will build a more complete green plant ecosystem with the microalgae, and better protect the slope. Therefore, this solution can be easily implemented on steep slopes (greater than 60°), and the construction is simple, maintenance is convenient, and the soil consolidation and protection effect is good.

[0011] Furthermore, the material of the microalgae layer is obtained by adding a microalgae water-retaining culture matrix to a microalgae solution and stirring and mixing the mixture evenly.

[0012] Such microalgae water-retaining culture matrix has good water-retaining effect and nutrients, can better create a growth and reproduction environment for microalgae, and is conducive to the rapid growth, reproduction and cultivation of microalgae.

[0013] Furthermore, the preparation materials of the microalgae water-retaining culture matrix include the following matrix formula materials in parts by mass: 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 25-30 parts of diatom mud, 1-2 parts of nutrients and 0.03-0.07 parts of activated carbon; the above-mentioned matrix formula materials and an appropriate amount of microalgae solution are stirred and mixed evenly to obtain a microalgae layer material.

[0014] In this way, the matrix material is mainly composed of diatom mud to form an affinity environment for the reproduction of microalgae, activated carbon is used as the skeleton of the material, and the hydroxyl groups in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol are cross-linked as an adhesive. In this way, the hydroxyl groups in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the aldehyde groups of polyvinyl alcohol can undergo a cross-linking reaction as an adhesive, which will fix the diatom mud to form cavities. When the material is just synthesized, all the water is locked in the cavity to achieve a good water retention effect, and water, activated carbon, algae, and nutrients will all gather in the cavity and facilitate the reproduction of microalgae. A small amount of activated carbon will replicate and adsorb part of the nutrients to meet the survival needs of the newly inoculated algae species, while the nutrients not adsorbed by the activated carbon will be retained around the cavity wall. After the algae multiply in large quantities, the nutrients in the cavity are insufficient, and the nutrients around the cavity wall can meet the needs of algae growth. The nutrients can be obtained using commercial algae culture medium to provide the nutrients required for the reproduction of microalgae. The appropriate amount of microalgae solution is preferably to be able to adjust the matrix as a whole to be fluid, and it is best to be conveniently coated on the cloth-like material layer and not flow after coating.

[0015] In addition, the above-mentioned specific ratio formula also takes into account the good water-retention effect of the microalgae layer. The principle is: under the appropriate ratio of 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a network structure will be formed to fix the diatom mud, so that the water-retention effect is better. The hydrophilic polar groups (-COONA) in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The higher the amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose added, the higher the concentration of polar groups and the stronger the water absorption capacity. At the same time, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the solution will gradually change from a chain structure to a network structure as the concentration increases, which is also the reason for the increase in the water absorption capacity of the composite material. However, when the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose exceeds 50 parts, continuing to increase the amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose added will increase the cross-linking density of the composite material and increase the Na + The decrease in concentration difference leads to a decrease in osmotic pressure, which in turn leads to a decrease in water absorption capacity. In addition, -OH in polyvinyl alcohol can also form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. However, when more than 20 parts of PVA are added, the electrostatic repulsion between the polar groups -OH will cause the mesh of the composite material's network structure to become smaller, which in turn leads to a decrease in water absorption capacity. Therefore, under the appropriate ratio of 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the maximum mesh structure will be formed to fix the diatom mud, making the water retention effect better.

[0016] Therefore, based on the content disclosed so far, the present invention is equivalent to also disclosing a culture matrix of microalgae with high water retention, which is obtained by uniformly mixing the following raw materials in the following formula weight ratio: 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 25-30 parts of diatom mud, 1-2 parts of nutrients and 0.03-0.07 parts of activated carbon. According to the above principle description, it can be seen that it has a good water retention effect and is very conducive to the growth, reproduction and cultivation of microalgae.

[0017] A better formula is: 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 42 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 28 parts of diatom mud, 1.4 parts of nutrients, 0.05 parts of activated carbon and 1000 parts of microalgae solution. The above-mentioned combination effect can be better achieved.

[0018] Furthermore, when preparing the microalgae layer material, each matrix formula material is placed in a shaker at room temperature (30°C) and shaken at 120-200 r / min for 10-20 minutes to allow the materials to be evenly mixed; then the corresponding proportion of microalgae solution is added and fully stirred in a stirrer at 50 r / s for 30 minutes.

[0019] This has a better mixing effect, ensures the coordination effect between the materials, and at the same time allows the diatom mud to better form an internal continuous cavity structure.

[0020] Furthermore, the microalgae in the microalgae layer are Glomerella or Creatia, which have the advantages of strong vitality, fast reproduction rate and good soil consolidation effect.

[0021] Furthermore, the microalgae solution was prepared by the following steps: the collected soil sample containing microalgae was mixed with sterile water to prepare a suspension (concentration 10 -1 -10 -3 ), take the supernatant containing microalgae and inoculate it into the sterilized solid culture medium through aseptic operation, then place it in a light incubator for static culture at a culture temperature of 15-30°C. The light intensity is 2000-4000Lux, and culture is carried out for one week; microalgae of different forms are obtained; each microalgae community is streaked and inoculated into the solid culture medium again and cultured under the same conditions; repeat the streaking purification culture 2-3 times until the purified cultured microalgae is obtained; use an inoculation needle to extract part of the purified cultured microalgae in the solid culture medium, place it in distilled water, and obtain a 5g / L microalgae solution.

[0022] In this way, the microalgae are purified effectively and have a moderate content, making them more suitable for growth and reproduction in a specially formulated microalgae layer.

[0023] Furthermore, the cloth-like material layer is a water-permeable material obtained by needle punching or weaving a degradable fiber material.

[0024] This is because the experiment found that when the microalgae layer material is coated on the surface of an impermeable object (such as impermeable tape) to cultivate microalgae, the growth rate of algae in the microalgae layer matrix material is slow, and remains unchanged after reaching a peak. Analysis shows that this may be due to the exhaustion of oxygen in the cavity, and the algae that break through the cavity wall will be pushed by the material, resulting in only the algae on the surface of the material being able to contact oxygen and light to grow fully, which causes a large number of algae inside the material to not get favorable growth conditions. When the matrix material is combined with the fiber material, the matrix material will adhere to the surface of the fiber, and the fiber material has good light and water permeability. After breaking through the cavity, the algae will be exposed to the outside air and light, which will greatly increase the growth rate of the algae (doubling in 4-6 days). And the use of degradable fiber materials, after being degraded by environmental microorganisms, a large number of algae will adhere to the fixing surface of the fiber material, which has a good greening effect, and the microorganisms grow more than the algae at the same time. When this product is fixed to sandy soil, the microorganisms will induce calcium carbonate precipitation, quickly generate calcium carbonate with cementing effect, and condense the loose soil together to improve the soil strength. And this product can be effectively fixed on a large slope, even on a slope of 180 degrees, and it has good applicability.

[0025] Further, the permeability coefficient of the cloth-like material layer is 0.01-0.1. Further, the content of the microalgae layer on the cloth-like material layer is 0.546 g / cm 2 In this way, the above-mentioned microalgae layer matrix material and the cloth-like material can achieve a better combination effect. Under the action of gravity, within 1-3 days, the matrix material will completely cover the pores in the permeable material, resulting in a better combination effect.

[0026] Furthermore, a nutrient matrix layer is provided between the slope and the cloth-like material layer, and plant seeds are provided in the nutrient matrix layer. In this way, it is better to facilitate the plant seeds to grow into green plants. After the green plants grow up, they can better achieve the effect of soil consolidation and slope protection together with the microalgae.

[0027] Furthermore, a layer of gabion boxes is arranged on the upper surface of the slope, the gabion boxes are filled with stones, and the nutrient matrix layer is arranged on the upper surface of the gabion boxes.

[0028] In this way, part of the nutrient soil (nutrient matrix) can fall into the gaps between the stones in the gabion box, preventing soil erosion and continuously providing nutrients for the microalgae and green plants above.

[0029] Furthermore, adjacent gabion boxes are tied and connected as one, which can better prevent the gabion boxes from sliding off and make them suitable for steeper slopes.

[0030] Furthermore, the edge of the cloth-like material layer is fixed to the gabion box by binding with metal wires, so that the fixing effect of the cloth-like material layer can be better improved.

[0031] Furthermore, the middle position of the cloth-like material layer is fixed to the gabion box by means of intermittently arranged stakes, so that the fitting and fixing effect between the cloth-like material layer and the underlying layered structure can be better improved.

[0032] Furthermore, the lower end of the pile nail passes through the gabion box and is inserted into the slope. In this way, the gabion box can be further nailed into and fixed to the slope, thereby better improving the overall structural stability effect.

[0033] Furthermore, a water supply pipe is arranged on the slope, and a water supply hole is opened on the water supply pipe.

[0034] This allows for better water supply maintenance, where the water supply pipe can be installed on top of the slope or buried under the fabric layer. The water supply pipe can be connected to the municipal water pipe or to a reservoir.

[0035] Therefore, based on the contents disclosed so far, the present invention is equivalent to also disclosing a slope protection structure, the basic structural scheme of the slope protection structure is that it includes a leveled slope, the upper surface of the slope is sequentially provided with a gabion box, a nutrient matrix layer, a degradable cloth material layer and a microalgae layer, and plant seeds are arranged in the nutrient matrix layer.

[0036] In this way, the microalgae layer can be used for the growth and reproduction of microalgae, the cloth-like material layer serves as a base for the reproduction of microalgae and is used to cover and maintain the plant seeds below, the nutrient matrix layer can be used for the germination of plant seeds, and the gabion box can be used for the infiltration of nutrient matrix to avoid nutrient loss, and it can also be beneficial for the rooting and growth of plants. In this way, greening is achieved by the reproduction and growth of microalgae in the early stage, and greening is achieved together with plant growth and microalgae in the later stage, which fully benefits the soil consolidation and slope protection of microalgae and plants, and has the advantages of simple structure and good slope protection effect.

[0037] Furthermore, in the method, all specific structures of the multiple layers of materials and further improved solutions are applicable to the slope protection structure, so they will not be described here.

[0038] In addition, as an option, during the construction of this method, the construction can be carried out directly on the slope surface that has been leveled and pre-treated, and each layer structure can be set up in sequence, and then watered and cured.

[0039] As another option, during the construction of this method, the microalgae layer can be applied to the cloth-like material in advance, and then maintained for a period of time so that the microalgae can reproduce and mature and cover the outer surface, forming a microalgae soil-fixing blanket, and then the microalgae soil-fixing blanket is directly used to construct the cloth-like material layer and the microalgae layer. This construction is simpler and more convenient, greatly shortening the construction and maintenance time of the microalgae, so that the slope can obtain the greening effect after the construction is completed. At the same time, because the growth and reproduction of microalgae and the soil-fixing effect are the key to the realization of slope protection in the early stage of the plant seeds before germination of the method; and the initial reproduction of microalgae is relatively demanding, it is adopted to directly maintain the cloth-like material layer to form a good microalgae layer, so that it can better guarantee the slope protection and greening effect of the slope protection method in the early stage, and avoid the poor reproduction of microalgae due to inadequate maintenance after direct construction, which makes the method unable to obtain a good early protection effect.

[0040] Therefore, the present invention is equivalent to also disclosing a slope protection product, namely the microalgae soil-fixing blanket of the above structure. In this way, in some simple slope protection requirements, the microalgae soil-fixing blanket product can be directly purchased and covered on the slope to obtain a simple slope protection effect.

[0041] Furthermore, when the microalgae soil-fixing blanket is prepared, after the microalgae layer is coated on the cloth material, the following curing method is used for curing: outdoor natural light is used for curing, the light time is controlled to be 8-10 hours, the curing air humidity is controlled to be 70%-80%, and at a high temperature above 30°C, spraying is performed through a sprinkler nozzle for at least one minute at 10 am and 17 pm every day, and the spraying flow rate is 1L / min. At a lower temperature below 30°C, spraying is performed once at 14 pm every day for at least one minute, and the flow rate is 1L / min; it takes 10-20 days from cultivation to completion.

[0042] In this way, after maintenance, the culture matrix can be fully integrated with the permeable material, the microalgae grow and multiply in large quantities and evenly cover the surface of the white geotextile, the outer surface of the product becomes green, and can be directly used for slope protection and achieve direct greening effects.

[0043] Furthermore, in the method of the present invention, further improved schemes such as the specific structure, formula and preparation method of the microalgae layer and the cloth-like material layer can all be applied to the above-mentioned microalgae soil-fixing blanket, so they will not be described here.

[0044] In summary, the present invention has the advantages of being easy to implement on steep slopes, simple construction, convenient maintenance, and good soil consolidation and protection effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Figure 1It is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the slope protection structure obtained by the present invention in a specific implementation manner.

[0046] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure.

[0047] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the growth of microalgae on the surface of the microalgae soil-fixing blanket after 3 days of curing in a specific embodiment.

[0048] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the growth of microalgae on the surface of the microalgae soil-fixing blanket after 7 days of curing in a specific embodiment.

[0049] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the growth of microalgae on the surface of the microalgae soil-fixing blanket after 15 days of curing in a specific embodiment.

[0050] Figure 6 This is an electron microscope image of the prepared microalgae layer material in a specific implementation manner.

[0051] Figure 7 2 is an electron microscope image of a microalgae layer material completely immersed in a cloth-like material layer and combined with a fiber material in a specific embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0053] Best practice: See Figure 1-Figure 7 A slope protection method based on microalgae cultivation is characterized in that a layer of degradable cloth material is directly fixed on the slope 1 to form a cloth material layer 2, a layer of microalgae layer 3 is arranged on the upper surface of the cloth material layer 2, plant seeds are buried under the cloth material layer, and the slope is regularly watered and maintained, so that the greening maintenance of the slope is achieved in the early stage by the reproduction of microalgae, and in the later stage, the green plants grown by the plant seeds and the microalgae are jointly achieved to achieve greening maintenance.

[0054] Such a cloth-like material layer has a good water absorption effect. When covered on the slope, it can absorb water and nutrients (nutrients can come from watering or the slope itself) for the growth and reproduction of microalgae during watering and maintenance. The growth and reproduction cycle of microalgae is very short. After the microalgae grows out, they can also absorb exhaust gas and release oxygen like plants, which can quickly achieve the initial greening effect of the slope. The cloth-like material covering the slope before degradation can also prevent soil erosion and is suitable for steeper slopes. At the same time, after the microalgae reproduce in large quantities, the soil can be fixed by microbial soil fixation. Because microalgae are microorganisms, they can induce calcium carbonate precipitation during the growth and reproduction process. Calcium carbonate with cementing effect is quickly generated to condense loose soil together to improve soil strength; at the same time, microorganisms decompose urea in the environment into ammonium and carbonate ions through the urease produced, and the exogenously added calcium ions gather near the negatively charged microbial cells to form calcium carbonate precipitation, achieving the purpose of cementing sand. In addition, the reproduction of microalgae can quickly degrade the cloth-like material and make it integrated with the slope. The degraded cloth-like material can provide nutrition for the reproduction of microalgae and plant growth. The nitrogen fixation effect produced by the death of microalgae after reproduction can also provide nutrition for plant growth, so that plant seeds can germinate and grow faster. After the plants grow, they will build a more complete green plant ecosystem with the microalgae, and better protect the slope. Therefore, this solution can be easily implemented on steep slopes (greater than 60°), and the construction is simple, maintenance is convenient, and the soil consolidation and protection effect is good.

[0055] During implementation, the material of the microalgae layer is prepared by adding microalgae water-retaining culture matrix to the microalgae solution and stirring and mixing evenly.

[0056] Such microalgae water-retaining culture matrix has good water-retaining effect and nutrients, can better create a growth and reproduction environment for microalgae, and is conducive to the rapid growth, reproduction and cultivation of microalgae.

[0057] During implementation, the preparation materials of the microalgae water-retaining culture matrix include the following matrix formula materials in parts by weight: 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 25-30 parts of diatom mud, 1-2 parts of nutrients and 0.03-0.07 parts of activated carbon; the above-mentioned matrix formula materials and an appropriate amount of microalgae solution are stirred and mixed evenly to obtain a microalgae layer material.

[0058] In this way, the matrix material is mainly composed of diatom mud to form an affinity environment for the reproduction of microalgae, activated carbon is used as the skeleton of the material, and the hydroxyl groups in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the hydroxyl groups of polyvinyl alcohol are cross-linked as a binder. In this way, the hydroxyl groups in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and the aldehyde groups of polyvinyl alcohol can cross-link and react as a binder, which will fix the diatom mud to form cavities (see Figure 6). When the material is just synthesized, all the water will be locked in the cavity to achieve a good water retention effect, and water, activated carbon, algae, and nutrients will all gather in the cavity and facilitate the reproduction of microalgae. A small amount of activated carbon will copy and adsorb part of the nutrients to meet the survival needs of the newly inoculated algae species, and the nutrients not adsorbed by the activated carbon will be retained around the cavity wall. After the algae multiply in large quantities, the nutrients in the cavity are insufficient. At this time, the nutrients around the cavity wall can meet the needs of algae growth. The nutrients can be obtained using commercial algae culture medium to provide the nutrients required for the reproduction of microalgae. The appropriate amount of microalgae solution is preferably based on the ability to adjust the matrix to be fluid as a whole, and it is best to be conveniently coated on the cloth-like material layer and not flow after coating.

[0059] In addition, the above-mentioned specific ratio formula also takes into account the good water-retention effect of the microalgae layer. The principle is: under the appropriate ratio of 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, a network structure will be formed to fix the diatom mud, so that the water-retention effect is better. The hydrophilic polar groups (-COONA) in the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose molecules can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. The higher the amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose added, the higher the concentration of polar groups and the stronger the water absorption capacity. At the same time, the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in the solution will gradually change from a chain structure to a network structure as the concentration increases, which is also the reason for the increase in the water absorption capacity of the composite material. However, when the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose exceeds 50 parts, continuing to increase the amount of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose added will increase the cross-linking density of the composite material and increase the Na + The decrease in concentration difference leads to a decrease in osmotic pressure, which in turn leads to a decrease in water absorption capacity. In addition, -OH in polyvinyl alcohol can also form hydrogen bonds with water molecules. However, when more than 20 parts of PVA are added, the electrostatic repulsion between the polar groups -OH will cause the mesh of the composite material's network structure to become smaller, which in turn leads to a decrease in water absorption capacity. Therefore, under the appropriate ratio of 1-20 parts of polyvinyl alcohol and 35-50 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, the maximum mesh structure will be formed to fix the diatom mud, making the water retention effect better.

[0060] In practice, a better formula is: 15 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 42 parts of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 28 parts of diatom mud, 1.4 parts of nutrients, 0.05 parts of activated carbon and 1000 parts of microalgae solution, which can better achieve the above-mentioned coordination effect.

[0061] During implementation, when preparing the microalgae layer material, each matrix formula material is placed in a shaker at room temperature (30°C) and shaken at 120-200 r / min for 10-20 minutes to allow the materials to be evenly mixed; then the corresponding proportion of microalgae solution is added and fully stirred in a stirrer at 50 r / s for 30 minutes to obtain.

[0062] This has a better mixing effect, ensures the coordination effect between the materials, and at the same time allows the diatom mud to better form an internal continuous cavity structure.

[0063] Among them, the microalgae in the microalgae layer are Glomerella or Creatia, which have the advantages of strong vitality, fast reproduction rate and good soil fixing effect.

[0064] During implementation, the microalgae solution was prepared by the following steps: the collected soil sample containing microalgae was mixed with sterile water to prepare a suspension (concentration 10 -1 -10 -3 ), take the supernatant containing microalgae and inoculate it into the sterilized solid culture medium through aseptic operation, then place it in a light incubator for static culture at a culture temperature of 15-30°C. The light intensity is 2000-4000Lux, and culture is carried out for one week; microalgae of different forms are obtained; each microalgae community is streaked and inoculated into the solid culture medium again and cultured under the same conditions; repeat the streaking purification culture 2-3 times until the purified cultured microalgae is obtained; use an inoculation needle to extract part of the purified cultured microalgae in the solid culture medium, place it in distilled water, and obtain a 5g / L microalgae solution.

[0065] In this way, the microalgae are purified effectively and have a moderate content, making them more suitable for growth and reproduction in a specially formulated microalgae layer.

[0066] The cloth-like material layer is a water-permeable material obtained by needle punching or weaving a degradable fiber material.

[0067] This is because the experiment found that when the microalgae layer material is coated on the surface of an impermeable object (such as a waterproof tape) to cultivate microalgae, the growth rate of the algae in the microalgae layer matrix material is slow and remains unchanged after reaching a peak. Analysis shows that this may be due to the exhaustion of oxygen in the cavity, and the algae that break through the cavity wall will be pushed by the material, resulting in only the algae on the surface of the material being able to contact oxygen and light to grow fully, thus causing a large number of algae inside the material to not get favorable growth conditions. When the matrix material is combined with the fiber material, the matrix material will adhere to the surface of the fiber (such as Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the fiber material has good light and water permeability. After the algae break through the cavity and come into contact with the outside air and light, the growth rate of the algae will be greatly increased (doubled in 4-6 days). In addition, the use of degradable fiber materials, after being degraded by environmental microorganisms, a large number of algae will adhere to the fixing surface of the fiber material, which has a good greening effect. In addition, more microorganisms grow at the same time than algae. When this product is fixed to sandy soil, the microorganisms will induce calcium carbonate precipitation and quickly generate calcium carbonate with cementing effect, which will condense the loose soil together to improve the soil strength. In addition, this product can be effectively fixed on a large slope, even on a reverse slope with a slope of 180 degrees, and it has good applicability.

[0068] The permeability coefficient of the cloth-like material layer is 0.01-0.1. The content of the microalgae layer on the cloth-like material layer is 0.546 g / cm 2 In this way, the above-mentioned microalgae layer matrix material and the cloth-like material can achieve a better combination effect. Under the action of gravity, within 1-3 days, the matrix material will completely cover the pores in the permeable material, resulting in a better combination effect.

[0069] During implementation, a nutrient matrix layer 4 is further provided between the slope 1 and the cloth-like material layer 2, and plant seeds are provided in the nutrient matrix layer 4. In this way, it is better to facilitate the plant seeds to grow into green plants. After the green plants grow up, they can better achieve the effect of soil consolidation and slope protection together with the microalgae.

[0070] During implementation, a layer of gabion boxes 5 is arranged on the upper surface of the slope 1 , the gabion boxes 5 are filled with stones, and the nutrient matrix layer 4 is arranged on the upper surface of the gabion boxes 5 .

[0071] In this way, part of the nutrient soil (nutrient matrix) can fall into the gaps between the stones in the gabion box, preventing soil erosion and continuously providing nutrients for the microalgae and green plants above.

[0072] During implementation, adjacent gabion boxes 5 are tied and connected as one body, which can better prevent the gabion boxes from sliding down and make them applicable to steeper slopes.

[0073] During implementation, the edge of the cloth-like material layer 2 is tied and fixed to the gabion box 5 by metal wires. In this way, the fixing effect of the cloth-like material layer can be better improved.

[0074] During implementation, the middle position of the cloth-like material layer is fixed on the gabion box by plugging with the pile nails 6 arranged at intervals. In this way, the fitting and fixing effect of the cloth-like material layer and the layered structure below can be better improved.

[0075] During implementation, the lower end of the pile nail 6 passes through the gabion box and is inserted into the slope. In this way, the gabion box can be further nailed into and fixed to the slope, thereby better improving the overall structural stability. During implementation, the pile nail 6 is an L-shaped pile nail, and the upper end is arranged at intervals in the vertical and horizontal directions, thereby better improving the fixing effect.

[0076] During implementation, a water supply pipe 7 is also arranged on the slope, and a water supply hole is opened on the water supply pipe.

[0077] This allows for better water supply maintenance, where the water supply pipe can be installed on top of the slope or buried under the fabric layer. The water supply pipe can be connected to the municipal water pipe or to a reservoir.

[0078] Therefore, based on the contents disclosed so far, the present invention is equivalent to also disclosing a slope protection structure, the basic scheme structure of the slope protection structure is (see Figure 1-2 ), comprising a leveled slope 1, on the upper surface of which a gabion box 5, a nutrient matrix layer 4, a degradable cloth material layer 2 and a microalgae layer 3 are sequentially arranged, wherein the nutrient matrix layer 4 is provided with plant seeds.

[0079] In this way, the microalgae layer can be used for the growth and reproduction of microalgae, the cloth-like material layer serves as a base for the reproduction of microalgae and is used to cover and maintain the plant seeds below, the nutrient matrix layer can be used for the germination of plant seeds, and the gabion box can be used for the infiltration of nutrient matrix to avoid nutrient loss, and it can also be beneficial for the rooting and growth of plants. In this way, greening is achieved by the reproduction and growth of microalgae in the early stage, and greening is achieved together with plant growth and microalgae in the later stage, which fully benefits the soil consolidation and slope protection of microalgae and plants, and has the advantages of simple structure and good slope protection effect.

[0080] During implementation, in the method, all specific structures of multiple layers of materials and further improved solutions can be applied to the slope protection structure, so they will not be described here.

[0081] In addition, as a feasible option, during the construction of this method, the construction can be carried out directly on the slope surface that has been leveled and pre-treated, and each layer structure can be set up in sequence, and then watered and cured.

[0082] As another feasible option, during the construction of this method, the microalgae layer can be coated on the cloth-like material in advance, and then maintained for a period of time so that the microalgae can reproduce and mature and cover the outer surface, forming a microalgae soil-fixing blanket, and then the microalgae soil-fixing blanket is directly used to construct the cloth-like material layer and the microalgae layer. This construction is simpler and more convenient, greatly shortening the construction and maintenance time of the microalgae, so that the slope can obtain the greening effect after the construction is completed. At the same time, because the growth and reproduction of microalgae and the soil-fixing effect are the key to the realization of slope protection in the early stage of the plant seeds before germination of the present method; and the initial reproduction of microalgae is relatively demanding, it is adopted to directly maintain the microalgae layer on the cloth-like material layer to form a good microalgae layer, so that it can better guarantee the slope protection and greening effect of the present slope protection method in the early stage, and avoid the poor microalgae reproduction effect due to inadequate maintenance after direct construction, which makes the present method unable to obtain a good early protection effect.

[0083] Therefore, the present invention is equivalent to also disclosing a slope protection product, namely the microalgae soil-fixing blanket of the above structure. In this way, in some simple slope protection requirements, the microalgae soil-fixing blanket product can be directly purchased and covered on the slope to obtain a simple slope protection effect.

[0084] When the microalgae soil-fixing blanket is prepared, after the microalgae layer is coated on the cloth material, the following curing method is used for curing: outdoor natural light is used for curing, the light time is controlled to be 8-10 hours, the curing air humidity is controlled to be 70%-80%, and at a high temperature above 30°C, spraying is performed through a sprinkler nozzle for at least one minute at 10 am and 17 pm every day, and the spraying flow rate is 1L / min. At a lower temperature below 30°C, spraying is performed once at 14 pm every day for at least one minute, and the flow rate is 1L / min; the cultivation takes 10-20 days from the end. Figure 3-5 It can be seen that after 15 days of cultivation, a microalgae soil-fixing cloth blanket with good microalgae reproduction and growth on the surface can be obtained and can be sold as a product.

[0085] In this way, after maintenance, the culture matrix can be fully integrated with the permeable material, the microalgae grow and multiply in large quantities and evenly cover the surface of the white geotextile, the outer surface of the product becomes green, and can be directly used for slope protection and achieve direct greening effects.

[0086] During implementation, in the method of the present invention, further improved schemes such as the specific structure, formula and preparation method of the microalgae layer and the cloth-like material layer can all be applied to the above-mentioned microalgae soil-fixing blanket, so they are not described here.

Claims

1. A slope protection structure, characterized in that: The invention comprises a leveled slope, wherein a gabion box, a nutrient matrix layer, a degradable cloth material layer and a microalgae layer are sequentially arranged on the upper surface of the slope, and plant seeds are arranged in the nutrient matrix layer.

2. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gabion box is filled with stones, and the nutrient matrix layer is arranged on the upper surface of the gabion box.

3. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Adjacent gabion boxes are tied and connected as a whole.

4. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The edge of the cloth-like material layer is fixed to the gabion box by means of metal wire tying.

5. The slope protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The middle part of the cloth-like material layer is fixed to the gabion box by means of pile nails arranged at intervals.

6. The slope protection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The lower end of the pile nail passes through the gabion box and is inserted into the slope.

7. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A water supply pipe is also arranged on the slope, and a water supply hole is opened on the water supply pipe.

8. The slope protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cloth-like material layer is a water-permeable material obtained by needle punching or weaving a degradable fiber material.

9. The slope protection structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The permeability coefficient of the cloth-like material layer is 0.01-0.

1.

10. The slope protection structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The content of the microalgae layer on the cloth-like material layer is 0.546 g / cm 2 .

Images