Large-section hydraulic energy-gathered smooth blasting construction process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a large-section hydraulic energy-gathered smooth blasting construction process which comprises the following steps: S1, early-stage preparation: exploring a blasting site in detail, recording geological structures, fracture development conditions and hydrological conditions of rock masses, designing a detailed blasting scheme according to exploration data, and constructing a blasting model; comprise the size of a blasting section, a slotting mode and blasting parameters; smooth blasting and water pressure energy-gathered blasting are combined, a flat and smooth blasting face can be generated, flying rocks and fragments are reduced, the construction safety is improved, dust generated in the blasting process is reduced through water pressure energy-gathered blasting, environmental protection and the health of operators are facilitated, and through combined application of smooth blasting and water pressure energy-gathered blasting, the blasting efficiency is improved. The expected blasting effect can be achieved in large-section construction, and the problems of control difficulty, environmental influence, safety risks and the like of a traditional blasting method can be effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process. Background Art

[0002] Smooth blasting is a technology that controls the arrangement of drill holes and the amount of blasting charge to keep the blasting surface flat and smooth. In smooth blasting, specifically arranged groove holes and auxiliary holes are usually used. These holes are located around the blasting section to ensure that the rock surface after blasting is as flat as possible and reduce rock flying and fragments.

[0003] Hydraulic focused blasting is a technology that injects water pressure into the borehole and uses the water pressure to enhance the blasting effect. Hydraulic focused blasting can effectively improve the blasting effect, reduce the amount of explosives and dust generation, and is particularly suitable for situations where the rock hardness is high or a smooth blasting surface is required.

[0004] However, in general, in large-section application scenarios, the separate construction of the above two traditional blasting techniques is not easy to control the quality of the blasting surface, it is difficult to ensure that the cross-section after blasting is smooth and flat, and it is easy to produce irregular blasting surfaces, which increases the workload of subsequent finishing and processing. A single blasting method is likely to produce a large amount of dust and flying stones, affecting the cleanliness of the construction site and the safety of personnel, and the amount of explosives used is large, which requires a large amount of explosives, which is not conducive to environmental protection and resource conservation. Its disadvantages include but are not limited to rock type restrictions, process complexity, construction efficiency and technical complexity factors.

[0005] In summary, it is necessary to propose a large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction technology to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process comprises the following steps:

[0009] S1. Preliminary preparation: Detailed investigation of the blasting site, recording of the geological structure, fracture development, and hydrological conditions of the rock mass, and design of a detailed blasting plan based on the investigation data, including the size of the blasting section, the cutting method, and the blasting parameters;

[0010] S2. Divide the blasting area, divide the large section into multiple small areas, and blast each area independently to control the scale and vibration of the blasting. Each small area is further divided into sections, and the length of each section is controlled at 2-3 meters to ensure the controllability and accuracy of the blasting;

[0011] S3. Arrange drilling holes. According to the design plan, arrange slot holes, auxiliary holes and smooth surface blasting peripheral holes on the section. The spacing between peripheral holes is 75 cm. The slot holes and auxiliary holes are reasonably arranged according to the rock mass conditions. The depth of all drilling holes is consistent, and the angle is strictly in accordance with the design requirements to ensure the blasting effect and smooth surface quality;

[0012] S4. Install the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye. Select the appropriate type of energy-gathering tube to ensure its energy-gathering effect and blasting vector. Place the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye and adjust the direction so that the energy-gathering jet points to the edge of the section to form a smooth blasting surface.

[0013] S5. Hydraulic blasting of slot holes and auxiliary holes. Install hydraulic blasting devices in slot holes and auxiliary holes to ensure that the water pressure can effectively act on the rock mass during blasting, reduce the amount of explosives and dust, and set appropriate water pressure and blasting charge according to the rock mass properties and blasting requirements to ensure the blasting effect;

[0014] S6. Micro-difference blasting in different zones and sections. In each zone, a reasonable micro-difference time is designed to ensure that each section of the blasting is carried out in sequence, reduce blasting vibration and shock waves, install micro-difference detonators in each borehole, set the micro-difference time, and ensure the blasting sequence and effect;

[0015] S7. Safety inspection and detonation. Before detonation, carefully check all blasting connection lines and blasting devices to ensure that the connection is correct and the system is normal. Set up a warning area and evacuate irrelevant personnel to ensure that no personnel are in the danger zone during the blasting process. Detonate each area and section in sequence according to the designed micro-difference time and sequence to complete the overall blasting.

[0016] S8. Inspection of blasting effect and post-blasting treatment. After blasting, check the cross-section smoothness and blasting effect, record the data as a reference for subsequent blasting, clean up the gravel and dust after blasting, ensure the site is clean and tidy, and prepare for the next blasting.

[0017] Preferably, the preliminary preparation of step S1 includes the following steps:

[0018] S1.1. Geological structure analysis: Use ArcGIS to conduct topographic map analysis and geological structure analysis, import existing topographic maps and geological data, analyze the geological structure characteristics of strata, fault zones, and lithology changes, and determine the boundaries and characteristics of different geological units based on the geological structure characteristics to ensure the pertinence and accuracy of the blasting plan;

[0019] S1.2. Investigation of fissure development: On-site photography is carried out using a laser scanner or a high-resolution digital camera, and then combined with PhotoScan to scan and photograph the rock surface on site to obtain high-resolution images of fissures and rock surface changes. Through digital image processing, the width, length and distribution density of the fissures are measured, and a fissure development model is established as the basis for subsequent blasting design;

[0020] S1.3. Analysis of hydrological conditions: Conduct hydrogeological modeling and water flow analysis through MODFLOW, collect on-site groundwater level monitoring data and hydrogeological data, establish a groundwater flow model, analyze hydrogeological conditions, determine the impact of groundwater level, water flow velocity, and hydrological process on rock stability, and provide data support for hydrological evaluation of blasting plans;

[0021] S1.4. Blasting section dimension design: Use AutoCAD to draw the section and design the parameters. Draw the blasting section diagram according to the geological structure, crack distribution and hydrological conditions, and determine the length and width of the blasting section. Determine the precise dimensions of each blasting section, including length, width and blasting area, to ensure controllability and operability during the blasting process;

[0022] S1.5. Cutting method design: Design the cutting method through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop, including V-shape, plane, blasthole shape and spacing to maximize the blasting effect and control crack propagation, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blast hole, and optimize according to the lithology characteristics and cutting design principles;

[0023] S1.6. Calculation of blasting charge and charge density: Calculate the blasting charge through SHOTPluS. According to the size of the slot hole and the rock hardness, calculate the amount of explosives and charge density required for each drill hole, determine the specific amount of explosives in kilograms and charge density in grams / meter for each blasting hole, so as to achieve the expected blasting effect;

[0024] S1.7. Blasting device and detonator layout design: Use blasting design software and CAD software to design the blasting device layout, including the layout and direction of the main gun hole, auxiliary hole and slot hole, determine the depth, diameter and angle setting of each drill hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure blasting effect and safety;

[0025] S1.8. Adjustment of blasting parameters and final design confirmation: Parameters are adjusted and optimized through blasting design software. The geological structure, fracture development, hydrological conditions and blasting section design are comprehensively considered to make final adjustment and confirmation of blasting parameters, determine the blasting charge, charge density, charging method, detonator setting and detonation sequence parameters, and formulate detailed blasting operation instructions.

[0026] Preferably, the division of the blasting area and further segmentation in step S2 comprises the following steps:

[0027] S2.1. Terrain analysis and cross-section division: Use AutoCAD to divide the cross-section and demarcate the area. Based on the previous geological structure analysis and on-site survey data, divide the large cross-section of the entire blasting area into multiple small areas, and determine the boundaries and area of ​​each small area for subsequent independent blasting and vibration control;

[0028] S2.2. Small area blasting plan formulation: SHOTPluS is used to design and optimize the blasting of each small area. For each divided small area, an independent blasting plan is formulated, including the groove method, blasting parameters and detonator arrangement, and the blasting charge, charge roll density, groove design and detonation sequence of each small area are determined to maximize the control of blasting effect and vibration;

[0029] S2.3. Further segmentation within small areas: Use AutoCAD to refine the blasting segmentation of each small area. In each small area, the large blasting section is further subdivided into small sections of 2-3 meters. The length and groove design of each small section are determined to ensure the accuracy and controllability of each blasting section.

[0030] S2.4. Design of cutting method and shape: Design the optimal cutting method and shape for each small section in each small area through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop to maximize the blasting effect, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blasting hole in each small section, and the detailed settings of blasting charge and charge density;

[0031] S2.5. Adjustment and verification of blasting parameters: Parameter adjustment and simulation verification are carried out through blasting design software, taking into account the geological structure, hydrological conditions and the specific design of each blasting section, adjusting the blasting parameters of each small area and section, confirming the blasting charge, charge roll density, detonator arrangement and detonation sequence of each small area and section, and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the blasting operation;

[0032] S2.6. Charge and detonator layout plan: Use CAD software or blasting design software to develop a detailed charge and detonator layout plan based on the specific blasting design of each small area and section, determine the specific charge amount and charge density of each blasting hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure the accuracy and safety of the blasting;

[0033] S2.7. Safety measures and monitoring plan: Develop safety measures and blasting monitoring plans for each small area and section through blasting safety monitoring equipment and software, including real-time monitoring of vibration, noise and particulate matter, determine the layout and frequency of monitoring points, and adjust blasting parameters in a timely manner to meet environmental protection and safety standards;

[0034] S2.8. Implementation and recording of blasting operations: Through on-site management and data recording software, implement on-site blasting operations in accordance with the blasting plan for each small area and section, and record the actual blasting effects and monitoring data, as well as the actual blasting charge, charge roll density and monitoring results for each small area and section for subsequent evaluation and adjustment.

[0035] Preferably, the implementation steps of arranging drilling holes in step S3 are:

[0036] S3.1. Geological survey and design preparation: Based on geological survey data, BlaStware can accurately determine the rock mass properties and structure, formulate drilling layout plans, determine the rock mass type, hardness, and crack conditions, and provide a basis for subsequent drilling layout;

[0037] S3.2. Drilling layout planning: Use CAD software or blasting design software to plan the positions of the cutout holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes on the cross section according to the blasting design plan. The spacing between peripheral holes is set to 75 cm to ensure uniformity of layout and coverage area;

[0038] S3.3. Borehole position calibration: Use GPS positioning system or measuring instruments to calibrate the specific position and coordinates of each borehole to ensure accurate placement on the designed section. The coordinate accuracy of each borehole is within a few centimeters to ensure consistency of blasting effect;

[0039] S3.4. Drilling depth and angle control: Use the depth gauge and inclination measuring instrument provided by the drilling equipment to ensure that the depth of all holes is consistent and the angles strictly meet the design requirements. The drilling depth is set at 2-3 meters, and the inclination is adjusted between 5-20 degrees according to the rock type and blasting design requirements;

[0040] S3.5. Arrangement of cutout holes and auxiliary holes: optimize the hole arrangement through blasting design software. Arrange the cutout holes and auxiliary holes reasonably according to the design requirements on the cross section to facilitate the subsequent filling of blasting charges and control of blasting effect. Adjust the spacing and depth of the holes according to the cracks and strength distribution of the rock mass to ensure the consistency and safety of the blasting effect.

[0041] S3.6. Blasting charge filling and charging: Use charging equipment and blasting design software to load pre-measured blasting charges into each borehole, ensure the accuracy of filling density and charge quantity, determine the charge quantity and charge roll density in each borehole, and adjust according to the position and angle of the eyelet;

[0042] S3.7. Arrangement of peripheral holes of the drilling hole: Using CAD software or blasting design software, arrange peripheral holes at a spacing of 75 cm in the peripheral part of the section to enhance the overall blasting effect and control the cracks in the surrounding rocks. Determine the spacing and depth of the peripheral holes to ensure the balance of coverage area and blasting effect;

[0043] S3.8. Quality control and field verification: After the drilling arrangement is completed, field verification and quality control shall be carried out through quality control forms and field recording software to ensure that the depth, angle and eyelet arrangement of each borehole meet the design requirements, and the actual depth, angle and eyelet position of each borehole shall be recorded as the basis for subsequent blasting effect analysis.

[0044] Preferably, the implementation steps of the peripheral eye focusing tube installation in step S4 are:

[0045] S4.1. Selection and matching of energy tube models: Based on the technical data provided by BlaStware and the energy tube manufacturer, select the appropriate energy tube model according to the blasting design requirements and rock mass characteristics to ensure that it can provide sufficient energy-gathering effect and accurate blasting vector, and determine the diameter, length and design energy-gathering effect requirements of the energy tube, including the energy tube length of 120 cm and the diameter of 75 mm;

[0046] S4.2. Confirmation of the installation position of the energy-gathering tube: Use CAD software or blasting design software to determine the installation position of the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye according to the blasting design plan to ensure that its energy-gathering jet can effectively point to the edge of the section. The distance between the energy-gathering tube and the edge of the section is 30 cm to ensure that the jet can completely cover the target area;

[0047] S4.3. Preparation for the installation of energy-gathering tubes: Prepare safety equipment through safety tools and fixing equipment to ensure safe operation of construction personnel. At the same time, prepare equipment for fixing energy-gathering tubes, including bolts and brackets, and check the durability and reliability of energy-gathering tubes and fixing equipment to ensure that they will not loosen or fall off during the construction process;

[0048] S4.4. Energy-gathering tube installation: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install the selected energy-gathering tube into the pre-arranged peripheral eyelets, ensuring that the pipe is fully embedded and securely fixed. The installation depth of each energy-gathering tube is 110 cm to ensure that the energy-gathering jet can be stably output during blasting;

[0049] S4.5. Adjustment of the direction of the energy-gathering tube: Use an angle measuring instrument and an angle adjustment tool to adjust the direction and angle of the energy-gathering tube according to the actual situation, so that the energy-gathering jet accurately points to the edge of the section, and adjust the angle of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that the direction of the jet is consistent with the blasting vector required by the design, including adjusting the angle to 5 degrees to ensure the energy-gathering effect;

[0050] S4.6. Energy tube fixing: Use bolts and fixing tools to firmly fix the energy tube in the eyelet to prevent it from moving or falling off during transportation and use. Use M10 bolts to fix it and ensure that each energy tube is firmly and safely installed in the predetermined position;

[0051] S4.7. Safety inspection and construction records: Conduct a final safety inspection using the safety inspection form and construction record software to confirm that the energy-gathering tubes are installed and securely fixed. Record the installation details and position of each energy-gathering tube as a basis for subsequent quality control. Record the installation depth, angle adjustment and fixing method of each energy-gathering tube to ensure transparency and traceability of the construction process.

[0052] S4.8. On-site acceptance and testing: On-site acceptance is carried out after installation is completed using on-site acceptance forms and testing equipment to test the working status and output effect of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it meets design requirements and safety standards, and to test the output flow and range of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it can effectively form a smooth blasting surface during the blasting process.

[0053] Preferably, the implementation steps of the hydraulic blasting of the groove holes and auxiliary holes in step S5 are:

[0054] S5.1. Rock mass characteristics analysis and blasting design: The mechanical properties of the rock mass where the cutouts and auxiliary holes are located are analyzed by using the RocScience software suite and BlaStware to determine the rock strength and crack density parameters. According to the properties of the rock mass and the blasting design requirements, the appropriate hydraulic blasting scheme is determined. The compressive strength of the rock mass is 80 MPa and the crack density is 2 / m;

[0055] S5.2. Preparation for installation of hydraulic blasting device: Prepare safety equipment, including protective clothing, helmets and goggles, through safety tools and fixing equipment, and prepare pipes, joints and valve equipment required for installation of hydraulic blasting device, ensuring that the pressure resistance of pipes and joints of hydraulic blasting device is not less than the blasting design requirements, including the pipe pressure resistance of 100MPa;

[0056] S5.3. Installation of hydraulic blasting device: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install various components of hydraulic blasting device into the cutout and auxiliary holes according to design requirements, including main pipes, branch pipes and nozzles, and ensure the installation depth and fixing method of each nozzle position, including the distance between the nozzle and the blasting surface is 30 cm;

[0057] S5.4. Water source and pressure preparation: Prepare sufficient water source through the water pump system and pressure gauge, and use the water pump to send water into the water pressure blasting device. According to the blasting design requirements, adjust the flow rate and pressure of the water pump. The water pump flow rate is set to 10 cubic meters / hour and the pressure is set to 80MPa;

[0058] S5.5. Hydraulic blasting: Use BlaStware to set appropriate blasting parameters according to the compressive strength of the rock mass and the flow and pressure of the hydraulic blasting device, including a hydraulic blasting pressure of 60 MPa and a water volume of 8 cubic meters. Ensure that the hydraulic blasting parameters of each cut hole and auxiliary hole are set consistently to ensure the consistency and controllability of the overall blasting effect.

[0059] S5.6. Adjustment of blasting charge: Calculate through blasting design software, adjust the blasting charge in time according to the actual effect of hydraulic blasting and the response of rock mass, so as to achieve the expected blasting effect and fragmentation requirements, and determine the blasting charge for each cut hole and auxiliary hole, including 2 kg of explosives per hole;

[0060] S5.7. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct safety inspections before blasting through safety inspection forms and monitoring systems to ensure the safety and reliability of hydraulic blasting equipment and water sources, set up blasting early warning systems to ensure that surrounding personnel have safe evacuation time during the blasting process, and check the working conditions of safety valves and pressure relief devices of hydraulic blasting equipment and related pipelines to respond to abnormal pressure conditions;

[0061] S5.8. On-site blasting execution: Using the remote control system and blasting initiator, start the hydraulic blasting system remotely or on-site while ensuring safety, perform blasting operations, ensure that the blasting effect meets expectations, record the actual parameters and results of the blasting process, check the rock fragmentation and blasting surface quality after blasting, including confirming that the smoothness of the blasting surface meets the design requirements.

[0062] Preferably, the implementation steps of the zoned and segmented differential blasting in step S6 are:

[0063] S6.1. Blasting design and zoning: Use BlaStware to divide the blasting area into several zones according to the characteristics of the rock mass and blasting requirements, determine the drilling arrangement, explosive quantity and micro-difference time setting in each zone, and divide the blasting area into four zones;

[0064] S6.2. Drilling arrangement and preparation: Determine the location, depth and diameter of the drill holes in each zone according to the requirements of the blasting design through the blasting design software and the drilling design module, and use the drilling design module to calculate the specific location and arrangement of each drill hole;

[0065] S6.3. Selection and installation of differential detonators: through the blasting design software and differential detonator setting module, according to the location of each borehole and the blasting design requirements, select appropriate differential detonators, install differential detonators into each borehole, ensure the correct location and fixation of the detonators, and use low-latency differential detonators;

[0066] S6.4. Calculation and setting of differential time: The differential time calculation tool of the blasting design software is used to calculate and set the differential time of each borehole according to the location of the boreholes in each zone and the installation of differential detonators to ensure that the blasting is carried out in sequence;

[0067] S6.5. Blasting charge and filling: Calculate and install the appropriate amount of explosives and filling materials according to the designed depth and diameter of each borehole through the blasting design software and charge calculation module, and ensure the density and uniformity of the filling materials in each borehole. The amount of explosives filled in each borehole is 2 kg, and the filling materials are rock fragments and cement slurry;

[0068] S6.6. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct a comprehensive safety inspection before blasting through the safety inspection form and monitoring system to ensure the safety of each borehole and the normal working condition of the differential detonator. Set up a blasting early warning system to evacuate the surrounding personnel in time, check the circuit connection of the differential detonator and the effectiveness of the safety protection device to ensure the risk of correct triggering during the blasting process;

[0069] S6.7. Blasting execution and monitoring: Start the blasting system through the remote control system and blasting initiator, perform blasting operations remotely or on-site, monitor the blasting vibration and shock wave in real time through the monitoring system, record the blasting effect of each partition, and confirm that the blasting sequence and effect meet the design requirements;

[0070] S6.8. Post-blasting evaluation and cleanup: After the blasting is completed, the blasting surface is evaluated and cleaned up using the blasting effect evaluation software to assess whether the blasting effect has achieved the desired goal, record any areas that need adjustment, check the flatness of the blasting surface and the distribution of gravel particle size, and make follow-up operation suggestions if adjustments are needed.

[0071] Preferably, the step S8 comprises the following steps during implementation:

[0072] S8.1. Preparation before blasting effect inspection: confirm that the blasting area is safe and there are no people present, and prepare necessary inspection tools and equipment;

[0073] S8.2. Check the smoothness of the cross section: Use a laser scanner or 3D measuring instrument to measure the smoothness of the cross section after blasting, and record the measurement results according to project requirements or standards;

[0074] S8.3. Blasting effect evaluation: Based on the designed blasting plan and expected effect, evaluate the actual blasting effect, compare the actual effect with the design target, and record the evaluation data;

[0075] S8.4. Data recording and reporting: Record the data of cross-section smoothness and blasting effect in the blasting report to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data so as to serve as a reference for subsequent blasting work;

[0076] S8.5. Cleaning up: Use appropriate cleaning equipment and tools to clean up the debris and dust after blasting, and ensure that the site is clean and tidy for subsequent work or inspection;

[0077] S8.6. Safety inspection: During the cleaning process, ensure the safety of the site to avoid secondary accidents;

[0078] S8.7. Post-processing: Complete necessary post-processing work according to project requirements or company regulations, and ensure that all equipment and tools are properly stored or cleaned;

[0079] S8.8. Prepare for the next blast: If multiple blasting operations are required, prepare the necessary equipment, materials and work plan, and ensure that relevant safety and environmental standards are followed.

[0080] Preferably, in step S6, the real-time monitoring system is integrated with the intelligent control system to achieve data sharing and linkage control. Based on the real-time monitoring data, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the blasting parameters, optimize the blasting effect, and provide a remote monitoring function, allowing operators to remotely view the blasting process and real-time data. At the same time, the integrated fault diagnosis function can quickly locate and solve problems in system operation.

[0081] Preferably, the area of ​​each partition in step S6.1 is 50 square meters, the average depth of the borehole in each partition in step S6.2 is 5 meters and the diameter is 89 millimeters, the micro-difference time of each detonator in step S6.3 is 20 milliseconds, and the time of the micro-difference detonator in each partition in step S6.4 is set to 25 milliseconds, 30 milliseconds, 35 milliseconds and 40 milliseconds.

[0082] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention combines smooth blasting and water pressure focused blasting to achieve higher blasting quality in large-section blasting projects. Smooth blasting ensures the flatness of the surface, while water pressure focused blasting enhances the internal blasting effect, making the overall blasting more uniform and controllable. Combining smooth blasting and water pressure focused blasting can produce a flat and smooth blasting surface, reduce rock flying and fragments, and improve construction safety. Water pressure focused blasting reduces dust generation during the blasting process, which is beneficial to environmental protection and the health of workers. Through the combined application of smooth blasting and water pressure focused blasting, not only can the expected blasting effect be achieved in large-section construction, but also the problems of control difficulty, environmental impact and safety risks faced by traditional blasting methods can be effectively solved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] Figure 1 This is a large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process flow chart of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0084] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0085] Example 1

[0086] See also Figure 1 The present invention proposes a large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process, which includes the following steps:

[0087] S1.Preliminary preparation:

[0088] S1.1. Geological structure analysis: Use ArcGIS to conduct topographic map analysis and geological structure analysis, import existing topographic maps and geological data, analyze the geological structure characteristics of strata, fault zones, and lithology changes, and determine the boundaries and characteristics of different geological units based on the geological structure characteristics to ensure the pertinence and accuracy of the blasting plan;

[0089] S1.2. Investigation of fissure development: On-site photography is carried out using a laser scanner or a high-resolution digital camera, and then combined with PhotoScan to scan and photograph the rock surface on site to obtain high-resolution images of fissures and rock surface changes. Through digital image processing, the width, length and distribution density of the fissures are measured, and a fissure development model is established as the basis for subsequent blasting design;

[0090] S1.3. Analysis of hydrological conditions: Conduct hydrogeological modeling and water flow analysis through MODFLOW, collect on-site groundwater level monitoring data and hydrogeological data, establish a groundwater flow model, analyze hydrogeological conditions, determine the impact of groundwater level, water flow velocity, and hydrological process on rock stability, and provide data support for hydrological evaluation of blasting plans;

[0091] S1.4. Blasting section dimension design: Use AutoCAD to draw the section and design the parameters. Draw the blasting section diagram according to the geological structure, crack distribution and hydrological conditions, and determine the length and width of the blasting section. Determine the precise dimensions of each blasting section, including length, width and blasting area, to ensure controllability and operability during the blasting process;

[0092] S1.5. Cutting method design: Design the cutting method through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop, including V-shape, plane, blasthole shape and spacing to maximize the blasting effect and control crack propagation, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blast hole, and optimize according to the lithology characteristics and cutting design principles;

[0093] S1.6. Calculation of blasting charge and charge density: Calculate the blasting charge through SHOTPluS. According to the size of the slot hole and the rock hardness, calculate the amount of explosives and charge density required for each drill hole, determine the specific amount of explosives in kilograms and charge density in grams / meter for each blasting hole, so as to achieve the expected blasting effect;

[0094] S1.7. Blasting device and detonator layout design: Use blasting design software and CAD software to design the blasting device layout, including the layout and direction of the main gun hole, auxiliary hole and slot hole, determine the depth, diameter and angle setting of each drill hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure blasting effect and safety;

[0095] S1.8. Blasting parameter adjustment and final design confirmation: Parameter adjustment and optimization are carried out through blasting design software. Taking into account the geological structure, fracture development, hydrological conditions and blasting section design, the final blasting parameter adjustment and confirmation are carried out to determine the blasting charge quantity, charge volume density, charging method, detonator setting and detonation sequence parameters, and formulate detailed blasting operation instructions;

[0096] S2. Divide the blasting area:

[0097] S2.1. Terrain analysis and cross-section division: Use AutoCAD to divide the cross-section and demarcate the area. Based on the previous geological structure analysis and on-site survey data, divide the large cross-section of the entire blasting area into multiple small areas, and determine the boundaries and area of ​​each small area for subsequent independent blasting and vibration control;

[0098] S2.2. Small area blasting plan formulation: SHOTPluS is used to design and optimize the blasting of each small area. For each divided small area, an independent blasting plan is formulated, including the groove method, blasting parameters and detonator arrangement, and the blasting charge, charge roll density, groove design and detonation sequence of each small area are determined to maximize the control of blasting effect and vibration;

[0099] S2.3. Further segmentation within small areas: Use AutoCAD to refine the blasting segmentation of each small area. In each small area, the large blasting section is further subdivided into small sections of 2-3 meters. The length and groove design of each small section are determined to ensure the accuracy and controllability of each blasting section.

[0100] S2.4. Design of cutting method and shape: Design the optimal cutting method and shape for each small section in each small area through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop to maximize the blasting effect, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blasting hole in each small section, and the detailed settings of blasting charge and charge density;

[0101] S2.5. Adjustment and verification of blasting parameters: Parameter adjustment and simulation verification are carried out through blasting design software, taking into account the geological structure, hydrological conditions and the specific design of each blasting section, adjusting the blasting parameters of each small area and section, confirming the blasting charge, charge roll density, detonator arrangement and detonation sequence of each small area and section, and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the blasting operation;

[0102] S2.6. Charge and detonator layout plan: Use CAD software or blasting design software to develop a detailed charge and detonator layout plan based on the specific blasting design of each small area and section, determine the specific charge amount and charge density of each blasting hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure the accuracy and safety of the blasting;

[0103] S2.7. Safety measures and monitoring plan: Develop safety measures and blasting monitoring plans for each small area and section through blasting safety monitoring equipment and software, including real-time monitoring of vibration, noise and particulate matter, determine the layout and frequency of monitoring points, and adjust blasting parameters in a timely manner to meet environmental protection and safety standards;

[0104] S2.8. Blasting operation implementation and recording: Through on-site management and data recording software, implement on-site blasting operations according to the blasting plan for each small area and section, and record the actual blasting effect and monitoring data, and record the actual blasting charge, charge density and monitoring results of each small area and section for subsequent evaluation and adjustment;

[0105] S3. Arrange drilling:

[0106] S3.1. Geological survey and design preparation: Based on geological survey data, BlaStware can accurately determine the rock mass properties and structure, formulate drilling layout plans, determine the rock mass type, hardness, and crack conditions, and provide a basis for subsequent drilling layout;

[0107] S3.2. Drilling layout planning: Use CAD software or blasting design software to plan the positions of the cutout holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes on the cross section according to the blasting design plan. The spacing between peripheral holes is set to 75 cm to ensure uniformity of layout and coverage area;

[0108] S3.3. Borehole position calibration: Use GPS positioning system or measuring instruments to calibrate the specific position and coordinates of each borehole to ensure accurate placement on the designed section. The coordinate accuracy of each borehole is within a few centimeters to ensure consistency of blasting effect;

[0109] S3.4. Drilling depth and angle control: Use the depth gauge and inclination measuring instrument provided by the drilling equipment to ensure that the depth of all holes is consistent and the angles strictly meet the design requirements. The drilling depth is set at 2-3 meters, and the inclination is adjusted between 5-20 degrees according to the rock type and blasting design requirements;

[0110] S3.5. Arrangement of cutout holes and auxiliary holes: optimize the hole arrangement through blasting design software. Arrange the cutout holes and auxiliary holes reasonably according to the design requirements on the cross section to facilitate the subsequent filling of blasting charges and control of blasting effect. Adjust the spacing and depth of the holes according to the cracks and strength distribution of the rock mass to ensure the consistency and safety of the blasting effect.

[0111] S3.6. Blasting charge filling and charging: Use charging equipment and blasting design software to load pre-measured blasting charges into each borehole, ensure the accuracy of filling density and charge quantity, determine the charge quantity and charge roll density in each borehole, and adjust according to the position and angle of the eyelet;

[0112] S3.7. Arrangement of peripheral holes of the drilling hole: Using CAD software or blasting design software, arrange peripheral holes at a spacing of 75 cm in the peripheral part of the section to enhance the overall blasting effect and control the cracks in the surrounding rocks. Determine the spacing and depth of the peripheral holes to ensure the balance of coverage area and blasting effect;

[0113] S3.8. Quality control and field verification: After the drilling arrangement is completed, field verification and quality control shall be carried out through quality control forms and field recording software to ensure that the depth, angle and eyelet arrangement of each drill hole meet the design requirements, and the actual depth, angle and eyelet position of each drill hole shall be recorded as the basis for subsequent blasting effect analysis;

[0114] S4. Installation of peripheral eye focusing tube:

[0115] S4.1. Selection and matching of energy tube models: Based on the technical data provided by BlaStware and the energy tube manufacturer, select the appropriate energy tube model according to the blasting design requirements and rock mass characteristics to ensure that it can provide sufficient energy-gathering effect and accurate blasting vector, and determine the diameter, length and design energy-gathering effect requirements of the energy tube, including the energy tube length of 120 cm and the diameter of 75 mm;

[0116] S4.2. Confirmation of the installation position of the energy-gathering tube: Use CAD software or blasting design software to determine the installation position of the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye according to the blasting design plan to ensure that its energy-gathering jet can effectively point to the edge of the section. The distance between the energy-gathering tube and the edge of the section is 30 cm to ensure that the jet can completely cover the target area;

[0117] S4.3. Preparation for the installation of energy-gathering tubes: Prepare safety equipment through safety tools and fixing equipment to ensure safe operation of construction personnel. At the same time, prepare equipment for fixing energy-gathering tubes, including bolts and brackets, and check the durability and reliability of energy-gathering tubes and fixing equipment to ensure that they will not loosen or fall off during the construction process;

[0118] S4.4. Energy-gathering tube installation: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install the selected energy-gathering tube into the pre-arranged peripheral eyelets, ensuring that the pipe is fully embedded and securely fixed. The installation depth of each energy-gathering tube is 110 cm to ensure that the energy-gathering jet can be stably output during blasting;

[0119] S4.5. Adjustment of the direction of the energy-gathering tube: Use an angle measuring instrument and an angle adjustment tool to adjust the direction and angle of the energy-gathering tube according to the actual situation, so that the energy-gathering jet accurately points to the edge of the section, and adjust the angle of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that the direction of the jet is consistent with the blasting vector required by the design, including adjusting the angle to 5 degrees to ensure the energy-gathering effect;

[0120] S4.6. Energy tube fixing: Use bolts and fixing tools to firmly fix the energy tube in the eyelet to prevent it from moving or falling off during transportation and use. Use M10 bolts to fix it and ensure that each energy tube is firmly and safely installed in the predetermined position;

[0121] S4.7. Safety inspection and construction records: Conduct a final safety inspection using the safety inspection form and construction record software to confirm that the energy-gathering tubes are installed and securely fixed. Record the installation details and position of each energy-gathering tube as a basis for subsequent quality control. Record the installation depth, angle adjustment and fixing method of each energy-gathering tube to ensure transparency and traceability of the construction process.

[0122] S4.8. On-site acceptance and testing: After installation is completed, on-site acceptance forms and testing equipment are used to test the working status and output effect of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it meets the design requirements and safety standards, and to test the output flow and range of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it can effectively form a smooth blasting surface during the blasting process;

[0123] S5. Hydraulic blasting of slot holes and auxiliary holes:

[0124] S5.1. Rock mass characteristics analysis and blasting design: The mechanical properties of the rock mass where the cutouts and auxiliary holes are located are analyzed by using the RocScience software suite and BlaStware to determine the rock strength and crack density parameters. According to the properties of the rock mass and the blasting design requirements, the appropriate hydraulic blasting scheme is determined. The compressive strength of the rock mass is 80 MPa and the crack density is 2 / m;

[0125] S5.2. Preparation for installation of hydraulic blasting device: Prepare safety equipment, including protective clothing, helmets and goggles, through safety tools and fixing equipment, and prepare pipes, joints and valve equipment required for installation of hydraulic blasting device, ensuring that the pressure resistance of pipes and joints of hydraulic blasting device is not less than the blasting design requirements, including the pipe pressure resistance of 100MPa;

[0126] S5.3. Installation of hydraulic blasting device: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install various components of hydraulic blasting device into the cutout and auxiliary holes according to design requirements, including main pipes, branch pipes and nozzles, and ensure the installation depth and fixing method of each nozzle position, including the distance between the nozzle and the blasting surface is 30 cm;

[0127] S5.4. Water source and pressure preparation: Prepare sufficient water source through the water pump system and pressure gauge, and use the water pump to send water into the water pressure blasting device. According to the blasting design requirements, adjust the flow rate and pressure of the water pump. The water pump flow rate is set to 10 cubic meters / hour and the pressure is set to 80MPa;

[0128] S5.5. Hydraulic blasting: Use BlaStware to set appropriate blasting parameters according to the compressive strength of the rock mass and the flow and pressure of the hydraulic blasting device, including a hydraulic blasting pressure of 60 MPa and a water volume of 8 cubic meters. Ensure that the hydraulic blasting parameters of each cut hole and auxiliary hole are set consistently to ensure the consistency and controllability of the overall blasting effect.

[0129] S5.6. Adjustment of blasting charge: Calculate through blasting design software, adjust the blasting charge in time according to the actual effect of hydraulic blasting and the response of rock mass, so as to achieve the expected blasting effect and fragmentation requirements, and determine the blasting charge for each cut hole and auxiliary hole, including 2 kg of explosives per hole;

[0130] S5.7. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct safety inspections before blasting through safety inspection forms and monitoring systems to ensure the safety and reliability of hydraulic blasting equipment and water sources, set up blasting early warning systems to ensure that surrounding personnel have safe evacuation time during the blasting process, and check the working conditions of safety valves and pressure relief devices of hydraulic blasting equipment and related pipelines to respond to abnormal pressure conditions;

[0131] S5.8. On-site blasting execution: Using the remote control system and blasting initiator, remotely or on-site start the hydraulic blasting system to carry out blasting operations while ensuring safety, ensure that the blasting effect meets expectations, and record the actual parameters and results of the blasting process, and check the rock mass fragmentation and blasting surface quality after blasting, including confirming that the smoothness of the blasting surface meets the design requirements;

[0132] S6. Zone-by-zone micro-difference blasting:

[0133] S6.1. Blasting design and zoning: Use BlaStware to divide the blasting area into several zones according to the characteristics of the rock mass and blasting requirements, determine the drilling arrangement, explosive quantity and micro-difference time setting in each zone, and divide the blasting area into four zones;

[0134] S6.2. Drilling arrangement and preparation: Determine the location, depth and diameter of the drill holes in each zone according to the requirements of the blasting design through the blasting design software and the drilling design module, and use the drilling design module to calculate the specific location and arrangement of each drill hole;

[0135] S6.3. Selection and installation of differential detonators: through the blasting design software and differential detonator setting module, according to the location of each borehole and the blasting design requirements, select appropriate differential detonators, install differential detonators into each borehole, ensure the correct location and fixation of the detonators, and use low-latency differential detonators;

[0136] S6.4. Calculation and setting of differential time: The differential time calculation tool of the blasting design software is used to calculate and set the differential time of each borehole according to the location of the boreholes in each zone and the installation of differential detonators to ensure that the blasting is carried out in sequence;

[0137] S6.5. Blasting charge and filling: Calculate and install the appropriate amount of explosives and filling materials according to the designed depth and diameter of each borehole through the blasting design software and charge calculation module, and ensure the density and uniformity of the filling materials in each borehole. The amount of explosives filled in each borehole is 2 kg, and the filling materials are rock fragments and cement slurry;

[0138] S6.6. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct a comprehensive safety inspection before blasting through the safety inspection form and monitoring system to ensure the safety of each borehole and the normal working condition of the differential detonator. Set up a blasting early warning system to evacuate the surrounding personnel in time, check the circuit connection of the differential detonator and the effectiveness of the safety protection device to ensure the risk of correct triggering during the blasting process;

[0139] S6.7. Blasting execution and monitoring: Start the blasting system through the remote control system and blasting initiator, perform blasting operations remotely or on-site, monitor the blasting vibration and shock wave in real time through the monitoring system, record the blasting effect of each partition, and confirm that the blasting sequence and effect meet the design requirements;

[0140] S6.8. Post-blasting evaluation and clean-up: After blasting, the blasting surface is evaluated and cleaned up through the blasting effect evaluation software to evaluate whether the blasting effect has achieved the expected goal, record any areas that need adjustment, check the flatness of the blasting surface and the distribution of crushed stone particle size, and provide follow-up operation suggestions if adjustments are needed;

[0141] S7. Safety inspection and detonation. Before detonation, carefully check all blasting connection lines and blasting devices to ensure that the connection is correct and the system is normal. Set up a warning area and evacuate irrelevant personnel to ensure that no personnel are in the danger zone during the blasting process. Detonate each area and section in sequence according to the designed micro-difference time and sequence to complete the overall blasting.

[0142] S8. Blasting effect inspection and post-processing:

[0143] S8.1. Preparation before blasting effect inspection: confirm that the blasting area is safe and there are no people present, and prepare necessary inspection tools and equipment;

[0144] S8.2. Check the smoothness of the cross section: Use a laser scanner or 3D measuring instrument to measure the smoothness of the cross section after blasting, and record the measurement results according to project requirements or standards;

[0145] S8.3. Blasting effect evaluation: Based on the designed blasting plan and expected effect, evaluate the actual blasting effect, compare the actual effect with the design target, and record the evaluation data;

[0146] S8.4. Data recording and reporting: Record the data of cross-section smoothness and blasting effect in the blasting report to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data so as to serve as a reference for subsequent blasting work;

[0147] S8.5. Cleaning up: Use appropriate cleaning equipment and tools to clean up the debris and dust after blasting, and ensure that the site is clean and tidy for subsequent work or inspection;

[0148] S8.6. Safety inspection: During the cleaning process, ensure the safety of the site to avoid secondary accidents;

[0149] S8.7. Post-processing: Complete necessary post-processing work according to project requirements or company regulations, and ensure that all equipment and tools are properly stored or cleaned;

[0150] S8.8. Prepare for the next blast: If multiple blasting operations are required, prepare the necessary equipment, materials and work plan, and ensure that relevant safety and environmental standards are followed.

[0151] Among them, in this embodiment, it is also necessary to explain that in step S6, the real-time monitoring system is integrated with the intelligent control system to realize data sharing and linkage control. Based on the real-time monitoring data, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the blasting parameters, optimize the blasting effect, and provide remote monitoring functions, allowing operators to remotely view the blasting process and real-time data. At the same time, the integrated fault diagnosis function can quickly locate and solve problems in system operation.

[0152] Among them, in this embodiment, it is also necessary to explain that the area of ​​each partition in step S6.1 is 50 square meters, the average depth of the borehole in each partition in step S6.2 is 5 meters, and the diameter is 89 millimeters, the micro-difference time of each detonator in step S6.3 is 20 milliseconds, and the time of the micro-difference detonator in each partition in step S6.4 is set to 25 milliseconds, 30 milliseconds, 35 milliseconds and 40 milliseconds.

[0153] Example 2

[0154] Based on the above construction technology, in actual application, the large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction technology is used for granite, hard rock, and a small amount of cracks. The steps are as follows:

[0155] Preliminary preparation:

[0156] Detailed investigation of the blasting site

[0157] Geological structure: granite, hard rock with a few cracks;

[0158] Crack development: mainly horizontal and oblique cracks, which have a certain impact on blasting;

[0159] Hydrological conditions: The groundwater level is deep, which has little impact on blasting;

[0160] Design blasting plan:

[0161] Blasting section size: 30 meters long and 10 meters high;

[0162] Grooving method: Grooving blasting is used in the periphery, and smooth blasting is used in the center area;

[0163] Blasting parameters: The type of explosive is ANFO, and the amount used per hole is 2.5 kg;

[0164] Division of blasting areas:

[0165] Divide a large section into multiple small areas:

[0166] Area 1: 10 meters long and 10 meters high on the left side;

[0167] Area 2: 10 meters long and 10 meters high in the middle;

[0168] Area 3: Right side, 10 meters long and 10 meters high;

[0169] Further segmentation blasting:

[0170] The length of each blasting section is controlled at 2-3 meters to ensure the controllability and accuracy of the blasting;

[0171] Arrange the drilling holes, see Table 1:

[0172] Table 1 Drilling Parameters

[0173] Drilling Type Depth (m) Diameter (mm) Angle(degree) Peripheral Eye 8 89 30 Auxiliary Eye 6 76 15 Smooth blasting peripheral eye 8 102 0

[0174] Peripheral eye focusing tube installation:

[0175] Energy tube model selection: HNS42mm

[0176] Hydraulic blasting of slot holes and auxiliary holes, see Table 2;

[0177] Table 2 Water pressure blasting parameters

[0178] Drilling Type Water pressure(MPa) Blasting charge (kg) Groove Eye 10 2.0 Auxiliary Eye 8 1.5

[0179] Zoned and segmented micro-difference blasting, see Table 3;

[0180] Table 3 Micro-difference blasting time setting table

[0181] Drilling number Microsecond time (milliseconds) 1 25 2 30 3 35 ... ...

[0182] Safety inspection and detonation, see Table 4;

[0183] Table 4 Safety inspection record form

[0184] Inspection items Check the results Connection cable and device inspection pass Warning zone setting Finish Evacuation Completed Delta time check qualified

[0185] Blasting effect inspection and post-processing, see Table 5 and Table 6;

[0186] Table 5 Blasting effect inspection record form

[0187] Section number Smoothness evaluation Blasting effect evaluation 1 excellent Meet the design requirements 2 good Some areas need to be adjusted 3 excellent Perfect

[0188] Table 6 Cleaning and post-processing record form

[0189] Clean up the content Cleaning completion Gravel and dust removal Completed Equipment and tool storage Completed

[0190] During construction, follow the following standards:

[0191] GB6722-2014 Blasting Safety Regulations;

[0192] "GB / T50446-2017 Technical Specifications for Safety in Tunnel Engineering Construction".

[0193] In summary, the present invention combines smooth blasting and water pressure focused energy blasting;

[0194] 1. It can achieve higher blasting quality in large-section blasting projects, and smooth blasting ensures the flatness of the surface;

[0195] 2. Hydraulic energy blasting enhances the internal blasting effect, making the overall blasting more uniform and controllable. Combining smooth blasting and hydraulic energy blasting can produce a flat and smooth blasting surface, reduce rock flying and debris, and improve construction safety;

[0196] 3. Hydraulic energy blasting reduces dust generation during the blasting process, which is beneficial to environmental protection and the health of operators;

[0197] 4. Through the combined application of smooth blasting and water pressure focused energy blasting, not only can the expected blasting effect be achieved in large-section construction, but also the problems of control difficulty, environmental impact and safety risks faced by traditional blasting methods can be effectively solved.

[0198] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Preliminary preparation: Detailed investigation of the blasting site, recording of the geological structure, fracture development, and hydrological conditions of the rock mass, and design of a detailed blasting plan based on the investigation data, including the size of the blasting section, the trenching method, and the blasting parameters; S2. Divide the blasting area, divide the large section into multiple small areas, and blast each area independently to control the scale and vibration of the blasting. Each small area is further divided into sections, and the length of each section is controlled at 2-3 meters to ensure the controllability and accuracy of the blasting; S3. Arrange drilling holes. According to the design plan, arrange slot holes, auxiliary holes and smooth surface blasting peripheral holes on the section. The spacing between peripheral holes is 75 cm. The slot holes and auxiliary holes are reasonably arranged according to the rock mass conditions. The depth of all drilling holes is consistent, and the angle is strictly in accordance with the design requirements to ensure the blasting effect and smooth surface quality; S4. Install the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye. Select the appropriate type of energy-gathering tube to ensure its energy-gathering effect and blasting vector. Place the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye and adjust the direction so that the energy-gathering jet points to the edge of the section to form a smooth blasting surface. S5. Hydraulic blasting of slot holes and auxiliary holes. Install hydraulic blasting devices in slot holes and auxiliary holes to ensure that the water pressure can effectively act on the rock mass during blasting, reduce the amount of explosives and dust, and set appropriate water pressure and blasting charge according to the rock mass properties and blasting requirements to ensure the blasting effect; S6. Micro-difference blasting in different zones and sections. In each zone, a reasonable micro-difference time is designed to ensure that each section of the blasting is carried out in sequence, reduce blasting vibration and shock waves, install micro-difference detonators in each borehole, set the micro-difference time, and ensure the blasting sequence and effect; S7. Safety inspection and detonation. Before detonation, carefully check all blasting connection lines and blasting devices to ensure that the connection is correct and the system is normal. Set up a warning area and evacuate irrelevant personnel to ensure that no personnel are in the danger zone during the blasting process. Detonate each area and section in sequence according to the designed micro-difference time and sequence to complete the overall blasting. S8. Inspection of blasting effect and post-blasting treatment. After blasting, check the cross-section smoothness and blasting effect, record the data as a reference for subsequent blasting, clean up the gravel and dust after blasting, ensure the site is clean and tidy, and prepare for the next blasting.

2. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 1, characterized in that , the step S1 preliminary preparation includes the following steps: S1.

1. Geological structure analysis: Use ArcGIS to conduct topographic map analysis and geological structure analysis, import existing topographic maps and geological data, analyze the geological structure characteristics of strata, fault zones, and lithology changes, and determine the boundaries and characteristics of different geological units based on the geological structure characteristics to ensure the pertinence and accuracy of the blasting plan; S1.

2. Investigation of fissure development: On-site photography is carried out using a laser scanner or a high-resolution digital camera, and then combined with PhotoScan to scan and photograph the rock surface on site to obtain high-resolution images of fissures and rock surface changes. Through digital image processing, the width, length and distribution density of the fissures are measured, and a fissure development model is established as the basis for subsequent blasting design; S1.

3. Analysis of hydrological conditions: Conduct hydrogeological modeling and water flow analysis through MODFLOW, collect on-site groundwater level monitoring data and hydrogeological data, establish a groundwater flow model, analyze hydrogeological conditions, determine the impact of groundwater level, water flow velocity, and hydrological process on rock stability, and provide data support for hydrological evaluation of blasting plans; S1.

4. Blasting section dimension design: Use AutoCAD to draw the section and design the parameters. Draw the blasting section diagram according to the geological structure, crack distribution and hydrological conditions, and determine the length and width of the blasting section. Determine the precise dimensions of each blasting section, including length, width and blasting area, to ensure controllability and operability during the blasting process; S1.

5. Cutting method design: Design the cutting method through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop, including V-shape, plane, blasthole shape and spacing to maximize the blasting effect and control crack propagation, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blast hole, and optimize according to the lithology characteristics and cutting design principles; S1.

6. Calculation of blasting charge and charge density: Calculate the blasting charge through SHOTPluS. According to the size of the slot hole and the rock hardness, calculate the amount of explosives and charge density required for each drill hole, and determine the specific amount of explosives (kg) and charge density (g / m) for each blasting hole to achieve the expected blasting effect; S1.

7. Blasting device and detonator layout design: Use blasting design software and CAD software to design the blasting device layout, including the layout and direction of the main gun hole, auxiliary hole and slot hole, determine the depth, diameter and angle setting of each drill hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure blasting effect and safety; S1.

8. Adjustment of blasting parameters and final design confirmation: Parameters are adjusted and optimized through blasting design software. The geological structure, fracture development, hydrological conditions and blasting section design are comprehensively considered to make final adjustment and confirmation of blasting parameters, determine the blasting charge, charge density, charging method, detonator setting and detonation sequence parameters, and formulate detailed blasting operation instructions.

3. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S2 of dividing the blasting area and further segmenting comprises the following steps: S2.

1. Terrain analysis and cross-section division: Use AutoCAD to divide the cross-section and demarcate the area. Based on the previous geological structure analysis and on-site survey data, divide the large cross-section of the entire blasting area into multiple small areas, and determine the boundaries and area of ​​each small area for subsequent independent blasting and vibration control; S2.

2. Small area blasting plan formulation: SHOTPluS is used to design and optimize the blasting of each small area. For each divided small area, an independent blasting plan is formulated, including the groove method, blasting parameters and detonator arrangement, and the blasting charge, charge roll density, groove design and detonation sequence of each small area are determined to maximize the control of blasting effect and vibration; S2.

3. Further segmentation within small areas: Use AutoCAD to refine the blasting segmentation of each small area. In each small area, the large blasting section is further subdivided into small sections of 2-3 meters. The length and groove design of each small section are determined to ensure the accuracy and controllability of each blasting section. S2.

4. Design of cutting method and shape: Design the optimal cutting method and shape for each small section in each small area through BlaStware or Split-DeSktop to maximize the blasting effect, determine the depth, inclination and spacing of each blasting hole in each small section, and the detailed settings of blasting charge and charge density; S2.

5. Adjustment and verification of blasting parameters: Parameter adjustment and simulation verification are carried out through blasting design software, taking into account the geological structure, hydrological conditions and the specific design of each blasting section, adjusting the blasting parameters of each small area and section, confirming the blasting charge, charge roll density, detonator arrangement and detonation sequence of each small area and section, and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of the blasting operation; S2.

6. Charge and detonator layout plan: Use CAD software or blasting design software to develop a detailed charge and detonator layout plan based on the specific blasting design of each small area and section, determine the specific charge amount and charge density of each blasting hole, and arrange appropriate detonators and energy-gathering tubes to ensure the accuracy and safety of the blasting; S2.

7. Safety measures and monitoring plan: Develop safety measures and blasting monitoring plans for each small area and section through blasting safety monitoring equipment and software, including real-time monitoring of vibration, noise and particulate matter, determine the layout and frequency of monitoring points, and adjust blasting parameters in a timely manner to meet environmental protection and safety standards; S2.

8. Implementation and recording of blasting operations: Through on-site management and data recording software, implement on-site blasting operations in accordance with the blasting plan for each small area and section, and record the actual blasting effects and monitoring data, as well as the actual blasting charge, charge roll density and monitoring results for each small area and section for subsequent evaluation and adjustment.

4. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 3, characterized in that: The implementation steps of arranging the drilling holes in step S3 are as follows: S3.

1. Geological survey and design preparation: Based on geological survey data, BlaStware can accurately determine the rock mass properties and structure, formulate drilling layout plans, determine the rock mass type, hardness, and crack conditions, and provide a basis for subsequent drilling layout; S3.

2. Drilling layout planning: Use CAD software or blasting design software to plan the positions of the cutout holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral holes on the cross section according to the blasting design plan. The spacing between peripheral holes is set to 75 cm to ensure uniformity of layout and coverage area; S3.

3. Borehole position calibration: Use GPS positioning system or measuring instruments to calibrate the specific position and coordinates of each borehole to ensure accurate placement on the designed section. The coordinate accuracy of each borehole is within a few centimeters to ensure consistency of blasting effect; S3.

4. Drilling depth and angle control: Use the depth gauge and inclination measuring instrument provided by the drilling equipment to ensure that the depth of all holes is consistent and the angle strictly complies with the design requirements. The drilling depth is generally set at 2-3 meters, and the inclination is adjusted between 5-20 degrees according to the rock type and blasting design requirements; S3.

5. Arrangement of cutout holes and auxiliary holes: optimize the hole arrangement through blasting design software. Arrange the cutout holes and auxiliary holes reasonably according to the design requirements on the cross section to facilitate the subsequent filling of blasting charges and control of blasting effect. Adjust the spacing and depth of the holes according to the cracks and strength distribution of the rock mass to ensure the consistency and safety of the blasting effect. S3.

6. Blasting charge filling and charging: Use charging equipment and blasting design software to load pre-measured blasting charges into each borehole, ensure the accuracy of filling density and charge quantity, determine the charge quantity and charge roll density in each borehole, and adjust according to the position and angle of the eyelet; S3.

7. Arrangement of peripheral holes of the drilling hole: Using CAD software or blasting design software, arrange peripheral holes at a spacing of 75 cm in the peripheral part of the section to enhance the overall blasting effect and control the cracks in the surrounding rocks. Determine the spacing and depth of the peripheral holes to ensure the balance of coverage area and blasting effect; S3.

8. Quality control and field verification: After the drilling arrangement is completed, field verification and quality control shall be carried out through quality control forms and field recording software to ensure that the depth, angle and eyelet arrangement of each borehole meet the design requirements, and the actual depth, angle and eyelet position of each borehole shall be recorded as the basis for subsequent blasting effect analysis.

5. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 4, characterized in that: The implementation steps of the peripheral eye focusing tube installation in step S4 are as follows: S4.

1. Selection and matching of energy tube models: Based on the technical data provided by BlaStware and the energy tube manufacturer, select the appropriate energy tube model according to the blasting design requirements and rock mass characteristics to ensure that it can provide sufficient energy-gathering effect and accurate blasting vector, and determine the diameter, length and design energy-gathering effect requirements of the energy tube, including the energy tube length of 120 cm and the diameter of 75 mm; S4.

2. Confirmation of the installation position of the energy-gathering tube: Use CAD software or blasting design software to determine the installation position of the energy-gathering tube in the peripheral eye according to the blasting design plan to ensure that its energy-gathering jet can effectively point to the edge of the section. The distance between the energy-gathering tube and the edge of the section is 30 cm to ensure that the jet can completely cover the target area; S4.

3. Preparation for the installation of energy-gathering tubes: Prepare safety equipment through safety tools and fixing equipment to ensure safe operation of construction personnel. At the same time, prepare equipment for fixing energy-gathering tubes, including bolts and brackets, and check the durability and reliability of energy-gathering tubes and fixing equipment to ensure that they will not loosen or fall off during the construction process; S4.

4. Energy-gathering tube installation: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install the selected energy-gathering tube into the pre-arranged peripheral eyelets, ensuring that the pipe is fully embedded and securely fixed. The installation depth of each energy-gathering tube is 110 cm to ensure that the energy-gathering jet can be stably output during blasting; S4.

5. Adjustment of the direction of the energy-gathering tube: Use an angle measuring instrument and an angle adjustment tool to adjust the direction and angle of the energy-gathering tube according to the actual situation, so that the energy-gathering jet accurately points to the edge of the section, and adjust the angle of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that the direction of the jet is consistent with the blasting vector required by the design, including adjusting the angle to 5 degrees to ensure the energy-gathering effect; S4.

6. Energy tube fixing: Use bolts and fixing tools to firmly fix the energy tube in the eyelet to prevent it from moving or falling off during transportation and use. Use M10 bolts to fix it and ensure that each energy tube is firmly and safely installed in the predetermined position; S4.

7. Safety inspection and construction records: Conduct a final safety inspection using the safety inspection form and construction record software to confirm that the energy-gathering tubes are installed and securely fixed. Record the installation details and position of each energy-gathering tube as a basis for subsequent quality control. Record the installation depth, angle adjustment and fixing method of each energy-gathering tube to ensure transparency and traceability of the construction process. S4.

8. On-site acceptance and testing: On-site acceptance is carried out after installation is completed using on-site acceptance forms and testing equipment to test the working status and output effect of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it meets design requirements and safety standards, and to test the output flow and range of the energy-gathering tube to ensure that it can effectively form a smooth blasting surface during the blasting process.

6. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 5, characterized in that: The implementation steps of the water pressure blasting of the groove hole and the auxiliary hole in step S5 are as follows: S5.

1. Rock mass characteristics analysis and blasting design: The mechanical properties of the rock mass where the cutouts and auxiliary holes are located are analyzed by using the RocScience software suite and BlaStware to determine the rock strength and crack density parameters. According to the properties of the rock mass and the blasting design requirements, the appropriate hydraulic blasting scheme is determined. The compressive strength of the rock mass is 80 MPa and the crack density is 2 / m; S5.

2. Preparation for installation of hydraulic blasting device: Prepare safety equipment, including protective clothing, helmets and goggles, through safety tools and fixing equipment, and prepare pipes, joints and valve equipment required for installation of hydraulic blasting device, ensuring that the pressure resistance of pipes and joints of hydraulic blasting device is not less than the blasting design requirements, including the pipe pressure resistance of 100MPa; S5.

3. Installation of hydraulic blasting device: Use safety tools and fixing equipment to install various components of hydraulic blasting device into the cutout and auxiliary holes according to design requirements, including main pipes, branch pipes and nozzles, and ensure the installation depth and fixing method of each nozzle position, including the distance between the nozzle and the blasting surface is 30 cm; S5.

4. Water source and pressure preparation: Prepare sufficient water source through the water pump system and pressure gauge, and use the water pump to send water into the water pressure blasting device. According to the blasting design requirements, adjust the flow rate and pressure of the water pump. The water pump flow rate is set to 10 cubic meters / hour and the pressure is set to 80MPa; S5.

5. Hydraulic blasting: Use BlaStware to set appropriate blasting parameters according to the compressive strength of the rock mass and the flow and pressure of the hydraulic blasting device, including a hydraulic blasting pressure of 60 MPa and a water volume of 8 cubic meters. Ensure that the hydraulic blasting parameters of each cut hole and auxiliary hole are set consistently to ensure the consistency and controllability of the overall blasting effect. S5.

6. Adjustment of blasting charge: Calculate through blasting design software, adjust the blasting charge in time according to the actual effect of hydraulic blasting and the response of rock mass, so as to achieve the expected blasting effect and fragmentation requirements, and determine the blasting charge for each cut hole and auxiliary hole, including 2 kg of explosives per hole; S5.

7. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct safety inspections before blasting through safety inspection forms and monitoring systems to ensure the safety and reliability of hydraulic blasting equipment and water sources, set up blasting early warning systems to ensure that surrounding personnel have safe evacuation time during the blasting process, and check the working conditions of safety valves and pressure relief devices of hydraulic blasting equipment and related pipelines to deal with possible abnormal pressure conditions; S5.

8. On-site blasting execution: Using the remote control system and blasting initiator, start the hydraulic blasting system remotely or on-site while ensuring safety, perform blasting operations, ensure that the blasting effect meets expectations, record the actual parameters and results of the blasting process, check the rock fragmentation and blasting surface quality after blasting, including confirming that the smoothness of the blasting surface meets the design requirements.

7. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 6, characterized in that: The implementation steps of the zoned and segmented differential blasting in step S6 are as follows: S6.

1. Blasting design and zoning: Use BlaStware to divide the blasting area into several zones according to the characteristics of the rock mass and blasting requirements, determine the drilling arrangement, explosive quantity and micro-difference time setting in each zone, and divide the blasting area into four zones; S6.

2. Drilling arrangement and preparation: Determine the location, depth and diameter of the drill holes in each zone according to the requirements of the blasting design through the blasting design software and the drilling design module, and use the drilling design module to calculate the specific location and arrangement of each drill hole; S6.

3. Selection and installation of differential detonators: through the blasting design software and differential detonator setting module, according to the location of each borehole and the blasting design requirements, select appropriate differential detonators, install differential detonators into each borehole, ensure the correct location and fixation of the detonators, and use low-latency differential detonators; S6.

4. Calculation and setting of differential time: The differential time calculation tool of the blasting design software is used to calculate and set the differential time of each borehole according to the location of the boreholes in each zone and the installation of differential detonators to ensure that the blasting is carried out in sequence; S6.

5. Blasting charge and filling: Calculate and install the appropriate amount of explosives and filling materials according to the designed depth and diameter of each borehole through the blasting design software and charge calculation module, and ensure the density and uniformity of the filling materials in each borehole. The amount of explosives filled in each borehole is 2 kg, and the filling materials are rock fragments and cement slurry; S6.

6. Safety inspection and early warning system: Conduct a comprehensive safety inspection before blasting through the safety inspection form and monitoring system to ensure the safety of each borehole and the normal working condition of the differential detonator. Set up a blasting early warning system to evacuate the surrounding personnel in time, check the circuit connection of the differential detonator and the effectiveness of the safety protection device to ensure the risk of correct triggering during the blasting process; S6.

7. Blasting execution and monitoring: Start the blasting system through the remote control system and blasting initiator, perform blasting operations remotely or on-site, monitor the blasting vibration and shock wave in real time through the monitoring system, record the blasting effect of each partition, and confirm that the blasting sequence and effect meet the design requirements; S6.

8. Post-blasting evaluation and cleanup: After the blasting is completed, the blasting surface is evaluated and cleaned up using the blasting effect evaluation software to assess whether the blasting effect has achieved the desired goal, record any areas that need adjustment, check the flatness of the blasting surface and the distribution of gravel particle size, and make follow-up operation suggestions if adjustments are needed.

8. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 7, characterized in that: The step S8 comprises the following steps during implementation: S8.

1. Preparation before blasting effect inspection: confirm that the blasting area is safe and there are no people present, and prepare necessary inspection tools and equipment; S8.

2. Check the smoothness of the cross section: Use a laser scanner or 3D measuring instrument to measure the smoothness of the cross section after blasting, and record the measurement results according to project requirements or standards; S8.

3. Blasting effect evaluation: Based on the designed blasting plan and expected effect, evaluate the actual blasting effect, compare the actual effect with the design target, and record the evaluation data; S8.

4. Data recording and reporting: Record the data of cross-section smoothness and blasting effect in the blasting report to ensure the accuracy and completeness of the data so as to serve as a reference for subsequent blasting work; S8.

5. Cleaning up: Use appropriate cleaning equipment and tools to clean up the debris and dust after blasting, and ensure that the site is clean and tidy for subsequent work or inspection; S8.

6. Safety inspection: During the cleaning process, ensure the safety of the site to avoid secondary accidents; S8.

7. Post-processing: Complete necessary post-processing work according to project requirements or company regulations, and ensure that all equipment and tools are properly stored or cleaned; S8.

8. Prepare for the next blast: If multiple blasting operations are required, prepare the necessary equipment, materials and work plan, and ensure that relevant safety and environmental standards are followed.

9. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step S6, the real-time monitoring system is integrated with the intelligent control system to realize data sharing and linkage control. Based on the real-time monitoring data, the intelligent control system can automatically adjust the blasting parameters, optimize the blasting effect, provide remote monitoring function, allow operators to remotely view the blasting process and real-time data, and integrate fault diagnosis function to quickly locate and solve problems in system operation.

10. A large-section water pressure energy-focused smooth blasting construction process according to claim 9, characterized in that: The area of ​​each partition in step S6.1 is 50 square meters, the average depth of the borehole in each partition in step S6.2 is 5 meters and the diameter is 89 millimeters, the micro-difference time of each detonator in step S6.3 is 20 milliseconds, and the time of the micro-difference detonator in each partition in step S6.4 is set to 25 milliseconds, 30 milliseconds, 35 milliseconds and 40 milliseconds.

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