Instruction processing system, method for a quantum computer and quantum computer

Abstract

The application discloses an instruction processing system and method for a quantum computer and the quantum computer, and is used for outputting waveform data of a pulse signal for operating a quantum bit. The instruction processing system comprises a state starting module, which is used for sending a data output request according to waveform parameter instructions sent by an upper computer. The waveform parameter instructions comprise a starting amplitude of a rising edge and a falling edge of a pulse signal waveform, a repeating number of amplitudes, an amplitude increment and a total amount of waveform data. A data generation module is used for generating waveform data of the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse signal waveform and outputting the waveform data in response to the data output request and according to the starting amplitude, the repeating number of amplitudes, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data. The application can solve the problem that a large amount of waveform data of the pulse signal occupies memory and is transmitted slowly when being sent to a lower computer, thereby affecting the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation, and can greatly improve the calculation efficiency of quantum calculation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of quantum computing, and in particular to an instruction processing system, method and quantum computer for quantum computers. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum chips are the core components for running quantum computing. Multiple qubits are integrated on a quantum chip, such as spin qubits on a semiconductor quantum chip. These spin qubits are manipulated using DC and pulse signals, and measured using radio frequency signals.

[0003] When performing CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments on spin qubits using pulse signals, the precision requirements for the waveform are relatively low, and the pulse duration is typically in the millisecond range. This means the rise and fall edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, resulting in a large amount of waveform data. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a single combined pulse signal and applied to the spin qubit, and the manipulation results are then tested. As you can imagine, the waveform data of the combined pulse signal is extremely large.

[0004] In existing technologies, a host computer typically receives quantum computing tasks, determines the waveform of the pulse signal to be applied to each spin qubit based on the task, and then sends the waveform data to a slave computer for storage. The slave computer then outputs the corresponding pulse signal based on the waveform data. The slave computer usually employs a quantum control system. As shown above, the waveform data of the combined pulse signal in the experiment is very large, which is very time-consuming to send and also consumes a lot of memory when stored in the quantum control system.

[0005] Furthermore, this waveform data is pre-stored and cannot be adjusted in real time. When the pulse signal needs to be adjusted, the host computer needs to update the waveform data of the pulse signal and resend it to the slave computer. Moreover, the computational efficiency of quantum computing is directly reduced due to the time required for data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This technology addresses the problem in existing technologies where the large amount of waveform data from pulse signals leads to memory consumption and slow transmission when sent to the lower-level machine, thus affecting the computational efficiency of quantum computing. It can significantly improve the computational efficiency of quantum computing.

[0007] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the first aspect of this application provides an instruction processing system for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of pulse signals for manipulating qubits, comprising:

[0008] The status start module is used to send a data output request based on the waveform parameter instructions sent by the host computer; wherein, the waveform parameter instructions include the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data;

[0009] The data generation module is used to respond to data output requests and generate and output waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data.

[0010] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer described above, preferably, the data generation module outputs a first number of waveform data per clock cycle.

[0011] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer as described above, preferably, the first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generation module and the operating clock frequency of the data generation module, wherein the clock period and the operating clock frequency are derivatives; the signal generation module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal based on the waveform data.

[0012] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer described above, preferably, the data generation module is specifically used to generate waveform data of several amplitudes in sequence according to the amplitude increment, the initial amplitude, and the amplitude repetition number; wherein, the waveform data of each amplitude is repeatedly generated according to the amplitude repetition number.

[0013] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer described above, preferably, the data generation module is used to determine the operating state based on the amplitude repetition count and the first quantity.

[0014] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer as described above, preferably, the number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first quantity, and the data generation module is in a first working state.

[0015] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer described above, preferably, when the data generation module is in the first working state, it outputs waveform data of the amplitude repetition number in each clock cycle.

[0016] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer as described above, preferably, the amplitude repetition count is greater than the first count, and the data generation module is in a second or third working state.

[0017] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer described above, preferably, when the data generation module is in the second working state, the data generation module outputs waveform data of the same amplitude in an integer multiple of the first quantity.

[0018] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer as described above, preferably, when the data generation module is in the third working state, the data generation module outputs the remaining number of waveform data up to the amplitude repetition count.

[0019] In the instruction processing system for a quantum computer as described above, preferably, the data generation module is further configured to supplement waveform data of a preset amplitude to the first quantity in the last clock cycle based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0020] A second aspect of this application provides an instruction processing method for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of pulse signals for manipulating qubits, comprising:

[0021] The system sends a data output request based on the waveform parameter instructions sent by the host computer; wherein, the waveform parameter instructions include the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data;

[0022] In response to the data output request, the system generates and outputs waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data.

[0023] A third aspect of this application provides a quantum control system for a quantum computer, including any of the above-mentioned instruction processing system, host computer system, and signal generation system;

[0024] The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and send corresponding waveform parameter instructions;

[0025] The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction;

[0026] The signal generation system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal based on waveform data; or

[0027] The waveform data of the pulse signal is output using the above instruction processing method.

[0028] A fourth aspect of this application provides a quantum computer, characterized in that it includes the above-described quantum control system and quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculations based on pulse signals output by the quantum control system.

[0029] Compared with existing technologies, the instruction processing system for quantum computers provided in this application is used to manipulate spin qubits on a semiconductor quantum processor. The host computer sends the initial amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment, and total waveform data of the rising and falling edges of a pulse signal waveform to the instruction processing system in the form of waveform parameter instructions. The state initiation module within the instruction processing system initiates the conversion of the waveform parameter instructions, and then the data generation module performs the specific waveform coefficient conversion. Based on the initial amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment, and total waveform data, it generates and outputs waveform data representing the complete cycle of the pulse signal waveform. By generating waveform data for various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower-level computer, the host computer avoids sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the amount of data sent by the host computer module and improving quantum computing efficiency.

[0030] The instruction processing method, quantum control system, and quantum computer provided in this application belong to the same concept as the instruction processing system for quantum computers, and therefore have the same beneficial effects, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a combined pulse waveform provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the composition of an instruction processing system for a quantum computer provided in this application embodiment. Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of waveform data of a pulse signal provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0034] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of waveform data of a pulse signal provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0035] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1 ;

[0036] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of waveform data output by a data generation module provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 ;

[0037] Figure 7 A schematic diagram illustrating a data generation module for completing waveform data, provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 8A flowchart illustrating an instruction processing method for a quantum computer, provided as an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a quantum control system provided in an embodiment of this application. Attached image description:

[0041] 1-Host computer system, 2-Instruction processing system, 3-Signal generation system;

[0042] 10 - Status startup module, 20 - Data generation module. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The specific embodiments of this application will be described in more detail below with reference to the schematic diagrams. The advantages and features of this application will become clearer from the following description and claims. It should be noted that the drawings are all in a very simplified form and use non-precise proportions, and are only used to facilitate and clarify the illustration of the embodiments of this application.

[0044] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0045] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0046] A quantum computer generally consists of a quantum processor and a quantum control system that manipulates and measures the quantum processor to complete quantum computing tasks. Currently, quantum processors can be categorized according to their physical principles into superconducting, semiconductor, ion-well, and optical systems, among others.

[0047] In semiconductor quantum computers, multiple spin qubits are integrated onto the quantum processor. Typically, a DC signal is applied to the quantum processor to form the spin qubits. Experiments are then conducted on these spin qubits using pulse signals, such as CPMG (Carr Purcell Meiboom Gill) and RB (Randomized Benchmarking) experiments. In these cases, the waveform precision requirements are relatively low, and the pulse duration is usually on the order of milliseconds; that is, the rise and fall edges of the pulse signal waveform are relatively slow, resulting in a large amount of waveform data. Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of the experimental results, the manipulation is usually repeated thousands or even tens of thousands of times. Specifically, all pulse signals are combined into a single combined pulse signal, which is then applied to the spin qubit, and the manipulation results are tested. As one can imagine, the waveform data of this combined pulse signal is extremely large.

[0048] Pulse signals are typically output from a signal source, signal generator, or quantum control system. The waveform data of the pulse signal depends on the quantum computing task to be performed and is usually sent by a host computer. When a spin qubit performs a complex quantum computing task, several pulse signals with different signal parameters need to be continuously applied to the same spin qubit. When repeated manipulation is required, the same pulse signal needs to be continuously applied to the same spin qubit. Regardless of whether the signal parameters of the pulse signals are the same, for several pulse signals, the waveforms of the several pulse signals are usually spliced ​​into a combined pulse waveform in the host computer, and the combined pulse waveform is sent to the quantum control system. The quantum control system then outputs the specific pulse signal based on the waveform data of the combined pulse waveform.

[0049] As attached Figure 1 The diagram shows a combined pulse waveform. The horizontal axis represents pulse time, and the vertical axis represents pulse amplitude. The pulse time and pulse amplitude correspond one-to-one, forming numerous waveform data. (See attached diagram.) Figure 1 The combined pulse waveform in the algorithm consists of two pulse signal waveforms, which can be understood as performing two repeated experiments on the spin qubit. For this combined pulse waveform, the host computer needs to send all waveform data to the quantum control system, which then outputs the corresponding pulse signal based on the data. As you can imagine, the complexity and quantity of the sent waveform data are substantial. Furthermore, when optimizing one pulse waveform, it's necessary to update that waveform and resend the updated combined pulse waveform, severely impacting the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0050] It should be noted that the appendix Figure 1The example combined pulse waveform is for illustrative purposes only. The specific parameters and waveform data of the applied single pulse signal and the combined pulse waveform need to be determined according to the quantum computing task to be performed, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0051] Continue as attached Figure 1 As shown in the pulse signal waveform, it can be observed that the waveform data of a pulse signal generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform data of the rising and falling edges, and the amplitude of the high level. Among them, the amplitudes of the low level and the high level are fixed values, while the waveform data of the rising and falling edges are generally linear. The correspondence between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal can be characterized by coefficients, that is, the waveform data of the rising and falling edges are represented by coefficients, and the coefficients of the rising and falling edges are opposite. A single coefficient can represent a pulse signal waveform.

[0052] As attached Figure 2 As shown in the embodiments of this application, an instruction processing system for a quantum computer is proposed, integrated within a quantum control system, for outputting waveform data of pulse signals used to manipulate spin qubits. The system includes: a state activation module 10, used to send a data output request based on waveform parameter instructions sent by a host computer; wherein the waveform parameter instructions include the initial amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data; and a data generation module 20, used to respond to the data output request and generate and output waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data.

[0053] The instruction processing system of this application is integrated into a lower-level computer or a quantum control system and communicates with a higher-level computer. The instruction processing system includes a state initiation module 10 and a data generation module 20. The state initiation module 10 has two working states: an idle state and a working state. It is usually in an idle state. When it receives a waveform parameter instruction from the higher-level computer, it enters the working state and sends a data output request. The data generation module 20 responds to the output request and generates specific waveform data based on the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction, and then outputs the data. After the data generation module 20 outputs the waveform data, the state of the state initiation module 10 is updated to the idle state until it receives the next waveform parameter instruction from the higher-level computer.

[0054] As is well known, pulse signals are generally output from the input digital signal through a digital-to-analog converter module. The digital signal represents the correspondence between the time and amplitude of the pulse signal. In this embodiment, the waveform data output by the data generation module 20 is a digital signal, used to represent the amplitude information of the pulse signal. In this embodiment, the waveform data of each amplitude is repeated multiple times and then increases. For example, the amplitude of the first waveform data is the initial amplitude, which is repeated N times and increases to the second amplitude. That is, the first waveform data is repeated N times, and the amplitude of the waveform data is always the initial amplitude during the repetition. The second amplitude is repeated N times and then increases to the third amplitude, and so on. Each waveform data is repeated N times until the total amount of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction issued by the host computer.

[0055] Reference Appendix Figure 3 This example illustrates an incrementing and repetition pattern for waveform data. V0 represents the initial amplitude, ΔV represents the amplitude increment, and the amplitude is repeated 6 times. (See attached diagram.) Figure 3 From the amplitude values ​​of all waveform data, it can be observed that the amplitude increases very slowly, which is even more pronounced at the rising edge of the pulse signal. This can be further observed by combining the above data with the above analysis. Figure 4 The dashed lines shown in the diagram can be used to represent the rising edge of a pulse signal. Different pulse periods can be achieved by setting different amplitude repetition counts, specifically determined based on the parameters of the pulse signal used in the spin qubit experiment.

[0056] It should be added that the waveform data input to the digital-to-analog converter module is as follows: Figure 3 The high-resolution amplitude information shown indicates that the sampling rate of the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is typically above 1 GHz. Therefore, the amplitude signal accuracy of the waveform data is in the nanosecond range, exhibiting a stepped shape. Similarly, the pulse signal output by the DAC, when tested at the same resolution, will also have a waveform similar to the attached image. Figure 3 As shown. However, in the embodiments of this application, the pulse signal is used to perform CPMG and RB experiments, and its pulse duration is on the order of milliseconds. When testing the pulse signal with millisecond-level measurement accuracy, its test waveform is as follows. Figure 4 The example shows a straight line in dashed form.

[0057] Furthermore, the waveform data of a pulse signal generally includes the amplitude of the low level, the waveform parameters of the rising and falling edges, and the amplitude of the high level. The low and high level amplitudes are fixed values. The termination amplitude can be determined based on the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total waveform data in the waveform parameter command. Then, based on the preset high-level duration, the waveform data of the complete pulse signal cycle can be obtained. The amplitude increments of the falling and rising edges are in opposite directions and are generated using the same method as the rising edge waveform data, based on the starting amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total waveform data. The amplitude information of the high level of the pulse signal is generally a fixed value, and it occupies very little memory when sent from the host computer.

[0058] In summary, the host computer sends the initial amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data to the instruction processing system in the form of waveform parameter instructions. The state initiation module 10 within the instruction processing system initiates the conversion of the waveform parameter instructions, and then the data generation module 20 performs the specific waveform coefficient conversion to generate and output the waveform data of the complete cycle of the pulse signal waveform. The waveform parameter instructions are much smaller than the waveform data of the complete cycle. By generating waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms in the instruction processing system of the lower computer, the host computer avoids sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the amount of data sent by the host computer module and improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0059] It should be added that the above-mentioned appendix Figure 1 The waveform is taken as an example of a trapezoidal pulse signal, which includes a rising edge, a falling edge, and a high-level state. The amplitude increments of the rising and falling edges are in opposite directions. For a trapezoidal waveform, the waveform parameter command only needs to include the waveform data information for the rising and falling edges. Furthermore, the low-level and high-level amplitudes of the waveform are fixed, and different amplitude repetition counts and amplitude increments correspond to pulse signals with different pulse periods. It is conceivable that the waveform parameter command, which only includes four parameters—initial amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment, and total waveform data—has a very small data size, making it very convenient for the host computer to send and requiring little memory. Moreover, when the pulse signal needs adjustment, only the sent waveform parameter command needs to be adjusted, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0060] In addition, the initial amplitude, number of amplitude repetitions, amplitude increment, and total waveform data of the rising and falling edges are defined and distributed separately, which can realize rising and falling edges with different slopes, depending on the specific experimental definition.

[0061] In a quantum computer, both the host computer module and the slave computer module operate according to a preset working clock. The instruction processing system also has a working clock frequency. That is, the data generation module 20 outputs waveform data according to the preset working clock frequency. The derivative of the working clock frequency is the clock cycle of the data generation module 20. In each clock cycle, the data generation module 20 outputs a first number of waveform data.

[0062] In this embodiment, the first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generation module and the operating clock frequency of the data generation module 20, where the clock period and the operating clock frequency are derivatives. The signal generation module is used to output corresponding pulse signals based on the waveform data. Specifically, the waveform data output by the data generation module 20 is sent to the signal generation module, which converts it into specific pulse signals and outputs them. The signal generation module can employ a DAC. The signal generation module has a preset sampling rate, and the first quantity of waveform data output by the data generation module 20 within a single clock cycle needs to match the number of sampling points of the signal generation module.

[0063] For example, the sampling rate of the signal generation module is 1GHz, while the operating clock frequency of the data generation module 20 is 100MHz. Therefore, the data generation module 20 needs to output 10 waveform data points per clock cycle as sampling points for the signal generation module to match the number of sampling points of the data generation module 20 and the signal generation module, ensuring the accuracy of the pulse signal output by the signal generation module.

[0064] When the data generation module 20 operates according to the received waveform parameter instructions, it specifically generates waveform data of several amplitudes sequentially according to the amplitude increment, the initial amplitude, and the number of amplitude repetitions; wherein, the waveform data of each amplitude is generated repeatedly according to the number of repetitions. Specifically, for the signal parameters of each pulse signal to be applied to the spin qubit, the host computer determines the parameters according to the task when receiving the quantum computing task, that is, it determines the initial amplitude and the final amplitude of each pulse signal in the host computer; then, according to the pulse period of the pulse signal, it determines the number of repetitions of each amplitude and the amplitude increment between adjacent amplitudes, thus determining the pulse signal waveforms of different pulse periods.

[0065] The host computer determines the total amount of waveform data contained in the rising and falling edge waveforms based on the initial amplitude, the final amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, and the amplitude increment. This total amount of waveform data is then sent to the data generation module 20, which generates the corresponding number of waveform data. For example, if the initial amplitude is 0mV, the amplitude increment is 10mV, the final amplitude is 2000mV, and each amplitude is repeated 10 times, then the total amount of rising edge waveform data is 2000. The data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data points per clock cycle according to the operating clock frequency, for a total of 2000 waveform data points, thus ensuring that the final amplitude is 2000mV.

[0066] When generating and outputting waveform data, the data generation module 20 determines its operating state based on the amplitude repetition count and a first quantity. It can be understood that the data generation module 20 outputs a first quantity of waveform data within each clock cycle; and each waveform data has a repetition count, meaning that the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 within one clock cycle may have the same amplitude or different amplitudes, which needs to be determined based on the amplitude repetition count and the first quantity. In this embodiment, according to the comparison between the amplitude repetition count and the first quantity, the data generation module 20 generates and outputs waveform data according to different operating states, improving the waveform data generation efficiency and thus improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0067] In one embodiment, when the amplitude repetition count is the same as the first quantity, the data generation module 20 is in a first operating state. When the data generation module 20 is in the first operating state, it outputs waveform data with the amplitude repetition count in each clock cycle. It can be understood that when the amplitude repetition count is the same as the first quantity, the data generation module 20 only needs to generate the first quantity of waveform data with the same amplitude in each clock cycle, matching the amplitude repetition count; in the next clock cycle, it generates the first quantity of waveform data with the next amplitude. In this operating state, the data generation module 20 has a simple operating mode, high waveform data generation and output efficiency, which is beneficial for improving the efficiency of output pulse signals, thereby improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0068] With attachment Figure 5 As an example, this illustrates the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 when the amplitude repetition count is the same as the first quantity. The left column, 1-10, indicates that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data points in a single clock cycle, which is the first quantity. The right six columns represent the waveform data output by the data generation module 20, where the amplitude repetition count is also 10. The 10 in the first column represents the initial amplitude, with an amplitude increment of 10. The waveform data for each amplitude is repeated 10 times in each clock cycle, exactly equal to the first quantity. The corresponding waveform data is generated according to the amplitude increment in each clock cycle.

[0069] In another embodiment, when the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than a first number, the data generation module 20 is in a second or third working state. Specifically, when the data generation module 20 is in the second working state, it outputs waveform data of the same amplitude in an integer multiple of the first number; when the data generation module 20 is in the third working state, it outputs the remaining number of waveform data up to the amplitude repetition count.

[0070] It is understandable that the amount of waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 in each clock cycle is a fixed first quantity. When the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first quantity, the waveform data of the same amplitude cannot be completely output within several clock cycles. Only the first quantity of waveform data of the same amplitude can be output. The remaining quantity of waveform data of the same amplitude needs to be output in the next clock cycle. The working state of the data generation module 20 is divided into the second working state and the third working state in turn.

[0071] Specifically, when the data generation module 20 is in the second operating state, the waveform data it outputs over several clock cycles has the same amplitude; when the data generation module 20 is in the third operating state, it outputs the remaining number of waveform data of that amplitude within one clock cycle. Therefore, when the data generation module 20 generates the current number of waveform data of the same amplitude in each clock cycle, it determines whether the remaining number of waveform data of that amplitude is greater than a first number. If it is greater than the first number, it enters the second operating state and outputs the first number of waveform data of that amplitude in the next clock cycle; if the remaining number is less than the first number, it enters the third operating state and outputs the remaining number of waveform data of that amplitude in the next clock cycle.

[0072] When performing specific testing tasks, the pulse duration of the pulse signal is relatively long, the amplitude is repeated many times, and it needs to be adjusted arbitrarily. By dividing the working state of the data generation module 20 into a second working state and a third working state, and outputting waveform data with corresponding amplitude in the corresponding state, the continuity and accuracy of the waveform data output by the data generation module 20 are ensured, thereby improving the accuracy of the pulse signal and the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0073] With attachment Figure 6As an example, this illustrates the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20 when the amplitude repetition count is greater than the first count. The left column (1-10) indicates that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data points within a single clock cycle, which is the first count. The right seven columns represent the waveform data output by the data generation module 20, where the amplitude repetition count is 13. The 10 in the first column represents the initial amplitude, with an amplitude increment of 10. During the first and fifth clock cycles, the data generation module 20 is in its second operating state, outputting waveform data with the same amplitude. During the remaining clock cycles, it is in its third operating state, outputting waveform data with different amplitudes and amplitude increments.

[0074] In addition, Figure 6 This is only a partial example. After the waveform data in column 7, there are also waveform data that are not shown. In actual implementation, the amount of waveform data needs to be determined based on the total amount of waveform data.

[0075] It should be noted that the appendix Figure 6 This example only shows an amplitude repetition count of 13. The amplitude repetition count can be 16, 23, or even more. Regardless of the repetition count, the system enters either the second or third operating state based on the integer multiple relationship between the amplitude repetition count and the first quantity, outputting waveform data for each amplitude. Specifically, when the data generation module 20 generates the current quantity of waveform data for the same amplitude in each clock cycle, it determines whether the remaining quantity of waveform data for that amplitude is an integer multiple of the first quantity, and enters either the second or third operating state based on the determination result.

[0076] As described above, the data generation module 20 outputs a first number of waveform data in each clock cycle. When the number of waveform data to be output in the last clock cycle is less than the first number, the data generation module 20 is also used to supplement the waveform data of the preset amplitude to the first number in the last clock cycle according to the total amount of waveform data.

[0077] For example, the signal generation module has a sampling rate of 1GHz, and outputs 10 waveform data points per clock cycle. When the host computer sends a total of 200 rising edge waveform data points, since the number of waveform data points output per clock cycle is 10, the data generation module 20 can output exactly 200 waveform data points in the first 20 clock cycles. At this time, no additional waveform data is needed, and the output can proceed directly. When the total number of rising edge waveform data points is 204, that is, the data generation module 20 needs to output 200 waveform data points in the first 20 clock cycles and output the last 4 waveform data points in the 21st clock cycle. Obviously, the waveform data output in the 21st clock cycle does not meet the requirement of 10, so 6 more waveform data points need to be added. The amplitude of the 6 additional waveform data points can be a fixed value or a preset amplitude, which can be set according to the specific scenario and requirements.

[0078] In addition, the preset amplitude values ​​for waveform data that need to be supplemented are generally sent from the host computer to the data generation module 20. When the data generation module 20 determines that additional sampling point data is needed, it supplements the data according to the preset amplitude values.

[0079] With attachment Figure 7 As an example, the diagram illustrates the waveform data generated by the data generation module 20. The left column, 1-10, indicates that the data generation module 20 outputs 10 waveform data in a single clock cycle, which is the first quantity. The seven columns on the right are the waveform data output by the data generation module 20. In the first column, 10 is the starting amplitude, the amplitude increment is 10, the amplitude repeats 13 times, and the total number of waveform data is 65. If the number of waveform data with an amplitude of 50 output in the last clock cycle is less than 10, then 5 additional waveform data need to be added. The preset amplitude of the added waveform data is set to 10.

[0080] In this embodiment, both the state activation module 10 and the data generation module 20 are functional modules integrated within the FPGA. By integrating the state activation module 10 and the data generation module 20 within the FPGA and communicating with a host computer, the FPGA generates corresponding waveform data based on waveform parameter instructions issued by the host computer and sends it to the signal generation module. Furthermore, it can adjust the waveform parameter instructions in real time according to control needs, outputting waveform data of various required pulse signals. The signal generation module can employ a DAC, communicating with the data generation module 20 within the FPGA, and outputting corresponding pulse waveforms based on the received waveform data.

[0081] In summary, the data generation module 20 outputs waveform data in multiple working states based on the initial amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment, and total waveform data in the received waveform parameter instructions, and according to the first quantity of waveform data output in each clock cycle, until the total quantity of waveform data reaches the total amount of waveform data.

[0082] In the above embodiments and figures, the generation of waveform data at the rising edge of the pulse signal is mainly described as an example. The generation method of waveform data at the falling edge is the same as that at the rising edge. The waveform data at the falling edge is also generated according to the starting amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment and total waveform data in the waveform parameter instruction. Then, the complete waveform data of the pulse waveform is determined according to the amplitude and duration of the high level of the pulse signal.

[0083] As attached Figure 8 As shown, based on the same concept, this application also provides an instruction processing method for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of pulse signals for manipulating spin qubits, including the following steps:

[0084] Step S10: Send a data output request according to the waveform parameter instruction sent by the host computer; wherein, the waveform parameter instruction includes the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data.

[0085] Step S20: Respond to the data output request and generate and output the rising and falling edge waveform data of the pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, amplitude repetition count, amplitude increment and total waveform data.

[0086] As attached Figure 9 As shown, based on the same application concept, this application embodiment also provides a quantum control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that it includes an instruction processing system 2, a host computer system 1, and a signal generation system 3 as described in any one of the above claims; the host computer system 1 is used to receive quantum computing tasks and issue corresponding waveform parameter instructions; the instruction processing system 2 is used to output waveform data of pulse signals according to the waveform parameter instructions; and the signal generation system 3 is used to output corresponding pulse signals according to the waveform data.

[0087] Furthermore, the quantum control system for a quantum computer in this application embodiment also uses the above-described instruction processing method to output waveform data of pulse signals.

[0088] The host computer system 1 receives quantum computing tasks and determines the waveform parameter instructions of the corresponding pulse signals according to the quantum computing tasks to be executed. The instruction processing system 2 in the lower computer generates waveform data of various pulse signal waveforms, and the signal generation system 3 outputs the corresponding pulse signals. This avoids the host computer system 1 from sending the complete waveform data of each pulse waveform, greatly reducing the amount of data sent by the host computer system 1 and improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0089] Based on the same concept, embodiments of this application also provide a quantum computer, including the aforementioned quantum control system and quantum processor, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum calculations based on pulse signals output by the quantum control system.

[0090] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," or "specific example," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0091] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and do not constitute any limitation on this application. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions and content disclosed in this application without departing from the scope of the technical solutions of this application shall still fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An instruction processing system for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of pulse signals for manipulating qubits, characterized in that, include: The status start module is used to send a data output request based on the waveform parameter instructions sent by the host computer; wherein, the waveform parameter instructions include the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data; The data generation module is used to respond to data output requests and generate and output waveform data of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment and the total amount of waveform data; wherein, the data generation module outputs a first number of waveform data in each clock cycle, and the data generation module is also used to supplement the waveform data of the preset amplitude to the first number in the last clock cycle based on the total amount of waveform data.

2. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first quantity is equal to the quotient of the sampling rate of the signal generation module and the operating clock frequency of the data generation module, wherein the clock period and the operating clock frequency are derivatives; the signal generation module is used to output a corresponding pulse signal based on the waveform data.

3. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data generation module is specifically used to generate waveform data of several amplitudes in sequence according to the amplitude increment, the initial amplitude, and the amplitude repetition number; wherein, the waveform data of each amplitude is repeatedly generated according to the amplitude repetition number.

4. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The data generation module is used to determine the working status based on the number of amplitude repetitions and the first quantity.

5. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The number of amplitude repetitions is the same as the first quantity, and the data generation module is in the first working state.

6. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the data generation module is in the first working state, it outputs waveform data of the amplitude repetition number in each clock cycle.

7. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 4, characterized in that, When the number of amplitude repetitions is greater than the first number, the data generation module is in the second or third working state.

8. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the data generation module is in the second working state, the data generation module outputs waveform data of the same amplitude in an integer multiple of the first quantity.

9. The instruction processing system for a quantum computer according to claim 7, characterized in that, When the data generation module is in the third working state, the data generation module outputs the remaining number of waveform data up to the amplitude repetition count.

10. An instruction processing method for a quantum computer, used to output waveform data of pulse signals for manipulating qubits, characterized in that, include: The system sends a data output request based on the waveform parameter instructions sent by the host computer; wherein, the waveform parameter instructions include the starting amplitude of the rising and falling edges of the pulse signal waveform, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data; In response to a data output request, the system generates and outputs waveform data of the rising and falling edges of a pulse signal waveform based on the initial amplitude, the number of amplitude repetitions, the amplitude increment, and the total amount of waveform data. The data generation module outputs a first number of waveform data per clock cycle and supplements the waveform data with a preset amplitude to the first number in the last clock cycle based on the total amount of waveform data.

11. A quantum control system for a quantum computer, characterized in that, Includes the instruction processing system, host computer system, and signal generation system as described in any one of claims 1-9; The host computer system is used to receive quantum computing tasks and send corresponding waveform parameter instructions; The instruction processing system is used to output waveform data of the pulse signal according to the waveform parameter instruction; The signal generation system is used to output a corresponding pulse signal based on the waveform data; or The waveform data of the pulse signal is output using the instruction processing method described in claim 10.

12. A quantum computer, characterized in that, The invention includes the quantum control system and quantum processor of claim 11, wherein the quantum processor performs quantum computation based on pulse signals output by the quantum control system.

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