Isotope power supply and manufacturing method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses an isotope power supply and a manufacturing method thereof, the isotope power supply can be used in the field of energy, and the isotope power supply comprises a beta radioactive source, a diamond semiconductor converter and an energy storage device; the beta radioactive source is arranged on the diamond semiconductor converter; the diamond semiconductor converter is electrically connected with the energy accumulator; the energy storage device is a super capacitor, an electrode material is a non-woven material adopting long carbon nanotubes, and an electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. Therefore, by adopting the supercapacitor with the long carbon nanotube material as the electrode and the sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte, the working temperature range of the supercapacitor can be widened to about-70 DEG C to 110 DEG C from conventional-40 DEG C to 65 DEG C, so that the isotope power supply has a relatively wide working temperature range, and the isotope power supply can pass through the supercapacitor; the electric energy obtained by converting the energy generated by the beta radioactive source by the diamond semiconductor converter is firstly stored, and then the electric energy is output at a relatively high current, so that the output current of the isotope power supply is improved.

Description

[0001] The present invention claims priority from Russian patent application No. RU2023119639 filed with the Russian Federal Intellectual Property Office on July 26, 2023, entitled “Independent isotope power source and method for manufacturing the same”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of energy technology, and in particular to an isotope power source and a method for manufacturing the same. Background Art

[0003] Since its advent, isotope power sources have been known for their high energy storage density, providing a possible source of energy for spacecraft, satellites, remote sensors and other occasions that require long-term and stable power supply.

[0004] However, the power density of traditional isotope power supplies is extremely low, and the output current is usually only a few nanoamperes, which greatly limits the application scenarios of isotope power supplies. At present, energy storage devices are usually configured in isotope power supplies to overcome the defect of low output current of isotope power supplies. However, since the operating temperature range of energy storage devices is much smaller than the operating temperature range of other devices in isotope power supplies, it has become one of the main reasons for limiting the application scenarios of isotope power supplies.

[0005] Therefore, how to increase the output current of the isotope power supply while broadening its operating temperature range becomes a problem that needs to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] Based on the above problems, the present application provides an isotope power supply and a manufacturing method thereof, which can increase the output current of the isotope power supply while broadening the operating temperature range of the isotope power supply.

[0007] The embodiments of the present application disclose the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an isotope power supply, the isotope power supply comprising: a beta radiation source, a diamond semiconductor converter and an energy storage device;

[0009] The beta radiation source is placed on the diamond semiconductor converter; the diamond semiconductor converter is electrically connected to the energy storage device;

[0010] The energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

[0011] Optionally, the isotope power supply further comprises: a ceramic housing;

[0012] The beta radiation source, the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are placed inside the ceramic shell.

[0013] Optionally, the ratio of the energy storage device discharge current to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:1.

[0014] Optionally, in the electrolyte of the energy storage device, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 30%.

[0015] Optionally, in the electrolyte of the energy storage device, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 40%.

[0016] Optionally, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte of the energy storage device is 45%.

[0017] Optionally, the energy storage device is filled with a porous separator immersed in the electrolyte.

[0018] Optionally, the beta radiation source is an isotope plate containing Ni-63.

[0019] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for manufacturing an isotope power source, the method comprising:

[0020] A beta radiation source is arranged on a diamond semiconductor converter;

[0021] The diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are electrically connected to form an isotope power supply; the energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

[0022] Optionally, before configuring the beta radiation source on the diamond semiconductor converter, the method further comprises:

[0023] Manufacturing diamond semiconductor converters.

[0024] Optionally, the manufacturing of a diamond semiconductor converter comprises:

[0025] Growing diamond single crystals by a boron-doped high temperature and high pressure method to obtain a diamond single crystal substrate;

[0026] An electrical contact is formed on the diamond single crystal substrate by magnetron sputtering to obtain a diamond semiconductor converter.

[0027] Optionally, the beta radiation source, the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are placed inside a ceramic housing.

[0028] Optionally, the ratio of the energy storage device discharge current to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:1.

[0029] Optionally, in the electrolyte of the energy storage device, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 30%.

[0030] Optionally, the beta radiation source is an isotope plate containing Ni-63.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] The embodiment of the present application provides an isotope power supply, which includes: a β radiation source, a diamond semiconductor converter and an energy storage device; the β radiation source is placed on the diamond semiconductor converter; the diamond semiconductor converter is electrically connected to the energy storage device; the energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. Therefore, by using a supercapacitor with long carbon nanotube material as an electrode and sulfuric acid solution as an electrolyte, the operating temperature range of the supercapacitor can be expanded from the conventional -40℃ to 65℃ to about -70℃ to 110℃, which can not only make the isotope power supply have a wider operating temperature range, but also can use the supercapacitor to first store the electrical energy obtained by converting the energy generated by the β radiation source by the diamond semiconductor converter, and then output the electrical energy at a higher current, thereby increasing the output current of the isotope power supply. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 A side cross-sectional view of an isotope power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 2 A top view of an isotope power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Reference numerals: 1 - β radiation source; 2 - diamond semiconductor converter; 3 - energy storage device; 4 - diamond single crystal substrate; 5 - ceramic housing; 6 - contact terminal. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The isotope power source and the manufacturing method thereof provided in the present application can be used in the energy field. The above is only an example and does not limit the application field of the isotope power source and the manufacturing method thereof provided in the present application.

[0038] The terms "first", "second", "third" and "fourth" etc. in the specification, claims and drawings of this application are used to distinguish different objects rather than to limit a specific order.

[0039] In the embodiments of the present application, the words "as an example" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations or explanations. Any embodiment or design described as "as an example" or "for example" in the embodiments of the present application should not be interpreted as being more preferred or more advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of the words "as an example" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific way.

[0040] The terms used in the implementation section of this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application.

[0041] Beta Isotope Power Source is a device that uses beta particles produced by the decay of radioactive isotopes to generate electrical energy. This power source mainly includes radioactive isotopes and converters. Among them, the radioactive isotopes can be isotopes such as plutonium-238 and strontium-90, and the converter is a device used to convert the kinetic energy of beta particles into electrical energy.

[0042] Among many known power sources, beta isotope power sources are famous for their high energy storage density, but their specific power is extremely low. In practical applications, depending on the half-life of the radioactive isotopes used in isotope power sources, such power sources can operate for decades or even hundreds of years, but their output current is very small, usually only a few nanoamperes to tens of nanoamperes, which greatly limits the application scenarios of isotope power sources.

[0043] Isotope power supplies, with their long life, are suitable for loads that need to be powered for a short period of time every few hours or days. However, the current required by the load far exceeds the capacity of the converter. At present, in order to increase the output current to obtain higher power, the converter is usually combined with an energy storage device. The energy storage device is first charged with the electrical energy obtained by converting the kinetic energy of beta particles using the converter. When the energy storage device needs to power the load, it is quickly discharged in a short period of time to generate current pulses, thereby increasing the output current of the isotope power supply.

[0044] However, not all energy storage devices can be used in isotope power supplies. In order for the energy storage device to store charge, the self-discharge current of the energy storage device must be lower than the output current of the converter.

[0045] In some technologies known to the inventors, an energy storage device in the form of a supercapacitor is configured in the isotope power supply. However, since the converter cannot provide power exceeding the threshold voltage of the supercapacitor, an expensive and energy-consuming charging pump or voltage booster is required to charge the energy storage device, which greatly increases the manufacturing cost of the isotope power supply. On the other hand, the operating temperature range of the energy storage device is usually small, and it is difficult to work under some harsh climatic conditions. In addition, the life of the energy storage device is usually much shorter than that of a traditional isotope power supply. The energy storage device has become one of the main reasons limiting the application scenarios of the isotope power supply.

[0046] Therefore, an embodiment of the present application provides an isotope power supply, which includes: a β radiation source, a diamond semiconductor converter and an energy storage device; the β radiation source is placed on the diamond semiconductor converter; the diamond semiconductor converter is electrically connected to the energy storage device; the energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

[0047] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the solution of the present application, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0048] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 ,in, Figure 1 A side cross-sectional view of an isotope power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application, Figure 2 This is a top view of an isotope power supply provided in an embodiment of the present application, wherein the isotope power supply includes: a β radiation source 1, a diamond semiconductor converter 2 and an energy storage device 3.

[0049] The beta radiation source 1 is placed on the diamond semiconductor converter 2; the diamond semiconductor converter 2 is electrically connected to the energy storage device 3.

[0050] Specifically, the beta radiation source 1 may be an isotope plate containing Ni-63. Ni-63 is low in cost and highly safe, and can be converted into stable copper through beta decay. The half-life of this isotope is about 100 years, which can make the isotope power source have a long life.

[0051] The enrichment of the commercially available Ni-63 isotope is approximately 20%, but theoretically enrichments close to 100% can be achieved. The maximum energy of the released beta particles is 66.7 keV, and the average energy is about 17.4 keV. This particle energy is far below the threshold energy for atomic displacement in most semiconductors, including diamond, so Ni-63 does not cause significant radiation damage to the semiconductor materials used to make the converter.

[0052] In the embodiment of the present application, a diamond semiconductor converter 2 made of diamond single crystal is used to replace silicon in a traditional converter with diamond, which can improve the life of the converter. When Ni-63 is used, the ideal active layer thickness of the diamond semiconductor converter is about 5 microns. At this thickness, the diamond semiconductor converter 2 can achieve a charge collection efficiency of about 95%.

[0053] The energy generated by isotope decay is very low. The output voltage of the diamond semiconductor converter 2 used for the isotope power supply is usually in the range of 0.5 to 2V. A converter with a specific volt-ampere characteristic can be selected according to actual needs. For example, a diamond semiconductor converter 2 with an output voltage of 0.6V can be preferred.

[0054] The energy storage device 3 is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

[0055] Supercapacitors are one of the most suitable isotope power storage devices. However, the charging voltage of traditional non-aqueous electrolyte supercapacitors is usually 2.7V, which is higher than the output voltage of diamond semiconductor converter 2 and is not compatible with diamond semiconductor converter 2. It is necessary to use additional expensive and energy-consuming equipment to connect diamond semiconductor converter 2 and supercapacitors as energy storage devices 3. In addition, the operating temperature range of these supercapacitors is relatively narrow, usually only -40℃ to 65℃.

[0056] Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, a supercapacitor using long carbon nanotube material as electrode and sulfuric acid solution as electrolyte is used.

[0057] Since sulfuric acid has an ultra-low freezing point below -70°C and a boiling point above 110°C, the supercapacitor has a wide operating temperature range of approximately -70°C to 110°C. Within the operating temperature range, the conductivity of the sulfuric acid electrolyte is one order of magnitude higher than the conductivity of the anhydrous electrolyte in traditional commercial supercapacitors, which enables the supercapacitor to have a high discharge rate, thereby increasing the unit power of the supercapacitor.

[0058] In addition, using sulfuric acid as the electrolyte for supercapacitors based on long carbon nanotubes can form a thin layer of sulfate ions on the surface of the long carbon nanotubes, which react chemically with the carbon atoms on the surface of the long carbon nanotubes. This reaction causes the carbon atoms on the surface of the long carbon nanotubes to be oxidized, thereby forming an oxidized surface. At the same time, the sulfate ions are also reduced to form hydrogen ions and sulfate ions. This process provides sufficient potential difference to enable the supercapacitor to store and release charge. Due to the presence of sulfate ions, the supercapacitor also has a lower self-discharge current, which means it is more efficient in storing energy.

[0059] Compared with supercapacitors using acetone nitrile as the electrolyte, using sulfuric acid as the electrolyte also has the advantages of being non-flammable and less toxic, and there is no need to place it in an inert atmosphere or use a desiccant, etc.

[0060] Optionally, in the electrolyte of the supercapacitor as the energy storage device 3, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 30%, preferably, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 40%. By optimizing the concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte, the operating voltage and threshold voltage of the supercapacitor can be reduced. In the embodiment of the present application, the charging operating voltage of the supercapacitor is 1.1V, the threshold voltage is 0.2V, and it can be charged to 90% of the capacity at 0.6V, which is consistent with the output voltage range of the diamond semiconductor converter 2.

[0061] The electrochemical specific capacity of the oriented carbon nanotube array supercapacitor in the aqueous electrolyte is 100-120F / g, while the electrochemical specific capacity of the carbon nanotube composite material can be as high as 500-700F / g, and can withstand more recharge cycles, so that a supercapacitor with large capacity and small size can be obtained by using a non-woven material with long carbon nanotubes as an electrode. The use of a supercapacitor with a high specific capacity in the isotope power supply allows the supercapacitor and the diamond semiconductor converter 2 to be placed in the same housing, thereby obtaining a compact isotope power supply.

[0062] Therefore, by using a supercapacitor with long carbon nanotube materials as electrodes and sulfuric acid solution as electrolyte, the operating temperature range of the supercapacitor can be widened from the conventional -40°C to 65°C to about -70°C to 110°C, which can not only make the isotope power supply have a wider operating temperature range, but also can use the supercapacitor to first store the electrical energy obtained by converting the energy generated by the beta radiation source by the diamond semiconductor converter, and then output the electrical energy at a higher current, thereby increasing the output current of the isotope power supply.

[0063] In some other embodiments provided in the present application, the isotope battery is modular, which includes multiple diamond semiconductor converters 2. Specifically, multiple diamond semiconductor converters 2 can be interconnected to form a converter group, and multiple converter groups are also interconnected and electrically connected to the energy storage device 3. Among them, each converter group is fixed on its own conductive substrate through ohmic contact, the conductive substrates of each converter group are isolated from each other, and each diamond semiconductor converter 2 in the same converter group is covered by the same isotope plate containing Ni-63 as a β radiation source. According to the required output voltage and output current, the connection type between multiple diamond semiconductor converters 2 and the connection type between multiple converter groups can be series and / or parallel.

[0064] In other embodiments provided in the present application, the beta radiation source 1, the diamond semiconductor converter 2 and the energy storage device 3 are placed inside the ceramic housing 5, wherein the diamond semiconductor converter 2 is mounted on a conductive substrate, and the ceramic housing 5 has at least two contact terminals 6. Thus, the weight and size of the internal connecting wires of the isotope power supply are saved, and the compactness of the isotope power supply is improved.

[0065] In other embodiments provided in the present application, in the supercapacitor as the energy storage device 3, the electrolyte does not exist in the form of a freely injected liquid. The shell of the supercapacitor provided in the embodiment of the present application is tightly filled with electrode materials and porous separators, which are soaked in the electrolyte like a sponge, so that the sulfuric acid solution as the electrolyte cannot overflow when the supercapacitor shell is damaged, thereby improving the safety of the supercapacitor. In addition, in the case of overheating of the supercapacitor due to reasons such as direct sunlight, high-boiling sulfuric acid does not pose an additional danger, while acetonitrile-based electrolytes may damage the shell of the isotope power supply, leak in the form of steam, and may cause fire or even explosion. Finally, thanks to the high boiling point and low freezing point of sulfuric acid, the use of sulfuric acid as an electrolyte can give the isotope power supply a wide operating temperature range, from about -70°C to +110°C.

[0066] Optionally, the supercapacitor can be in contact with the output of the diamond semiconductor converter 2 through a metal or composite conductor, wherein the metal can be a conductive metal paste, and the thickness of the composite conductor is preferably not more than 300 μm. In this way, the diamond semiconductor converter 2 and the energy storage device 3 can be connected more tightly, and this connection method has higher chemical corrosion resistance and lower resistance, so that the isotope power supply has a longer life and better performance.

[0067] In other embodiments provided in the present application, the ratio of the discharge current of the energy storage device 3 to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter 2 is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:1. Specifically, if the ratio is lower than 300:1, the current generated by the isotope power supply is difficult to reach 1μA or the size of the isotope power supply will be greatly increased, and the obtained isotope power supply has almost no application scenarios; if the ratio is higher than 5000:1, most of the electric energy stored in the supercapacitor will be used to compensate for the loss caused by the leakage current, and the storage of the supercapacitor will be significantly larger than the size of the diamond semiconductor converter 2, making it difficult to place all the components of the isotope power supply in a compact housing.

[0068] Preferably, the energy storage device 3 provided in the embodiment of the present application is charged and discharged within the range of 0.2 to 0.6 V, thereby matching the diamond semiconductor converter 2 provided in the embodiment of the present application, without the need to use components such as a charging pump, so that the isotope power supply can be more compact and reliable.

[0069] As an example, the embodiment of the present application provides an isotope power supply including a beta radiation source 1, a diamond semiconductor converter 2 and an energy storage device 3, wherein the beta radiation source 1 is an isotope plate containing Ni-63; the energy storage device 3 is a supercapacitor with a capacity of 100μF, the electrode material of which is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution with a mass concentration of 45%. Within the operating temperature range of -70℃ to 110℃, the diamond semiconductor converter 2 can provide an output current of 2 nanoamperes and a charging voltage of 0.6V, and the supercapacitor based on long carbon nanotubes can generate about 45μW of power every 8 hours.

[0070] The present application also provides a method for manufacturing an isotope power supply, the method comprising:

[0071] S01: Configure a beta radiation source on a diamond semiconductor converter.

[0072] S02: Electrically connect the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device to form an isotope power supply; the energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

[0073] Thus, an isotope power supply with a supercapacitor as an energy storage device was manufactured. The supercapacitor uses a non-woven material made of long carbon nanotubes as electrodes and a sulfuric acid solution as an electrolyte. The operating temperature range of the supercapacitor can be widened from the conventional -40°C to 65°C to about -70°C to 110°C, which can not only make the isotope power supply have a wider operating temperature range, but also can use the supercapacitor to first store the electrical energy obtained by converting the energy generated by the beta radiation source by the diamond semiconductor converter, and then output the electrical energy at a higher current, thereby increasing the output current of the isotope power supply.

[0074] Optionally, before configuring the beta radiation source on the diamond semiconductor converter, the diamond semiconductor converter may be manufactured first.

[0075] Specifically, boron powder can be added to the growth environment of the diamond single crystal, and the diamond single crystal can be grown by a boron-doped high temperature and high pressure method to obtain a diamond single crystal substrate with P-type conductivity; then, a shadow mask made of metal, silicon or other solid materials, or a contact mask made of photoresist is used to form electrical contacts on the diamond single crystal substrate by magnetron sputtering, thereby obtaining a diamond semiconductor converter.

[0076] Optionally, the beta radiation source, the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are placed inside the ceramic housing.

[0077] Optionally, the ratio of the energy storage device discharge current to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:1.

[0078] Optionally, in the electrolyte of the energy storage device, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 30%, preferably, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid is greater than or equal to 40%, for example, the mass concentration of sulfuric acid may be 45%.

[0079] Optionally, the beta radiation source is an isotope plate containing Ni-63.

[0080] It should be noted that each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, and the same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. In particular, for the method embodiment, since it is basically similar to the device embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the partial description of the device embodiment. The method embodiment described above is only illustrative, and some or all of the steps can be selected to execute according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiment scheme. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative work.

[0081] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An isotope power source, characterized in that: The isotope power supply comprises: a beta radiation source, a diamond semiconductor converter and an energy storage device; The beta radiation source is placed on the diamond semiconductor converter; the diamond semiconductor converter is electrically connected to the energy storage device; The energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

2. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isotope power supply further comprises: a ceramic housing; The beta radiation source, the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are placed inside the ceramic shell.

3. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ratio of the energy storage device discharge current to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:

1.

4. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to 30%.

5. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to 40%.

6. The isotope power source according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte of the energy storage device is 45%.

7. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage device is filled with a porous separator immersed in the electrolyte.

8. The isotope power source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beta radiation source is an isotope plate containing Ni-63.

9. A method for manufacturing an isotope power source, characterized in that: The method comprises: A beta radiation source is arranged on a diamond semiconductor converter; The diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are electrically connected to form an isotope power supply; the energy storage device is a supercapacitor, the electrode material is a non-woven material using long carbon nanotubes, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that Before configuring the beta radiation source on the diamond semiconductor converter, the method further comprises: Manufacturing diamond semiconductor converters.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that The method of manufacturing a diamond semiconductor converter comprises: Growing diamond single crystals by a boron-doped high temperature and high pressure method to obtain a diamond single crystal substrate; An electrical contact is formed on the diamond single crystal substrate by magnetron sputtering to obtain a diamond semiconductor converter.

12. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The beta radiation source, the diamond semiconductor converter and the energy storage device are arranged inside the ceramic housing.

13. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The ratio of the energy storage device discharge current to the current generated by the diamond semiconductor converter is in the range of 300:1 to 5000:

1.

14. The isotope power source according to claim 9, characterized in that: The mass concentration of sulfuric acid in the electrolyte of the energy storage device is greater than or equal to 30%.

15. The isotope power source according to claim 9, characterized in that: The beta radiation source is an isotope plate containing Ni-63.

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