Antenna, driving method thereof and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides an antenna and a driving method thereof, and electronic equipment, the antenna comprises at least one waveguide structure, the waveguide structure is provided with a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements, and the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements to radiate the microwave signals; in the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the multiple radiation elements are located on the two sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of every two adjacent radiation elements is sequentially increased in the direction from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure. According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the technical problem that the side lobe level of the antenna is relatively high is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and specifically relate to an antenna and a driving method thereof, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] The working performance of antennas is crucial to the overall performance of most wireless communication systems. With the development of science and technology, the requirements for antenna performance are getting higher and higher. In addition to the high requirements for traditional indicators such as gain and polarization, antennas are often required to have low profile, light weight, easy conformal, frequency independence and other characteristics. As a high-gain antenna, holographic antennas can meet the requirements of low profile and light weight at the same time, so they are very suitable for the needs of current scientific and technological development and have great development potential.

[0003] In practical applications, holographic antennas have the technical problem of high sidelobe levels. Summary of the invention

[0004] The problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide an antenna and a driving method thereof, and an electronic device to solve the technical problem that the antenna has a high sidelobe level.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present application provides an antenna, including at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switch elements are configured to control the corresponding radiating elements to radiate microwave signals;

[0006] In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the multiple radiation elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0007] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, on one side of the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the waveguide wavelength.

[0008] In an exemplary embodiment, in a direction from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases sequentially in an arithmetic progression.

[0009] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements in a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula:

[0010] Ln =L n+1 -ΔL;

[0011] Where ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiating element and the center of the n+1th radiating element, L n+1 is the distance between the centers of the n+1th radiation unit and the n+2th radiation element, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and ΔL is greater than 0.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the value of ΔL is 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm;

[0013] The waveguide structure is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 is 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; or the waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure, the value of L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5±0.5 mm, the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength, and the value of L1 is L0+ΔL;

[0014] Among them, L n+1 The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements in a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula:

[0016] L n =L0+ΔL*|Nn / 2-1|;

[0017] Where ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiation unit and the n+1th radiation element, L0 is the distance between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure, N is the total number of radiation elements located in the waveguide structure, N is an integer greater than 1, ΔL is greater than 0, 1≤n≤N.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases in a geometric progression from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements in a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula:

[0020] L n =L n+1 / R;

[0021] Where R is the ratio of the distances between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiating element and the center of the n+1th radiating element, L n+1 is the distance between the centers of the n+1th radiation unit and the n+2th radiation element, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and R is greater than 1.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, the value of R is 1.02±0.1, the waveguide structure is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 is 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; or the waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure, the value of L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5±0.5 mm, the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength, and the value of L1 is R*L0;

[0023] Among them, L n+1 The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure includes a top wall, a side wall, a bottom wall and a waveguide cavity, the waveguide cavity is surrounded by the top wall, the side wall and the bottom wall, and the plurality of radiation elements are disposed on the top wall of the waveguide structure.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure also includes a first dielectric layer, which is filled in the waveguide cavity. A plurality of conductive vias are provided in the waveguide structure, and the conductive vias penetrate the first dielectric layer and the bottom wall of the waveguide structure. The switching element is electrically connected to an external control circuit through corresponding conductive vias.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating element includes an opening, the opening forming a complementary inductor-capacitor structure.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, the complementary inductor and capacitor structure includes an annular slot and two T-slots, the annular slot includes a first slot and a second slot arranged opposite to each other, and a third slot and a fourth slot arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, and the first slot to the fourth slot are connected to each other; the two T-slots include a first T-slot and a second T-slot, the first T-slot and the second T-slot are arranged opposite to each other, the first T-slot is connected to the first slot, and the second T-slot is connected to the second slot.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element includes two switch structures, including a first switch structure and a second switch structure, the first switch structure is configured to control the opening state of the third slot; the second switch structure is configured to control the opening state of the fourth slot.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, a first accommodating groove connected to the third groove is respectively provided on both sides of the third groove, a second accommodating groove connected to the fourth groove is respectively provided on both sides of the fourth groove, the first switch structure and the second switch structure each include two electrodes, the two electrodes of the first switch structure are respectively arranged in the two first accommodating grooves, the two electrodes of the second switch structure are respectively arranged in the two second accommodating grooves, and the electrodes in the first switch structure and the second switch structure are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through corresponding connecting vias.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the radiating element comprises an opening, and the switching element comprises a switching structure, wherein the switching structure is configured to control an opening state of the opening.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure includes two electrodes, and in the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, a third accommodating groove connected to the opening is provided on both sides of the opening, respectively. The two electrodes of the switch structure are respectively arranged in the two third accommodating grooves, and are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through two connecting vias.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide, and the number of the side walls is four; in the direction from the top wall to the bottom wall, the size of the waveguide structure is 6.85±0.5 mm; in the width direction, the size of the waveguide structure is 13.7±0.5 mm, and the width direction is the arrangement direction of the two side walls parallel to the extension direction of the waveguide structure.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure further includes a feeding probe and a load probe disposed on the bottom wall, the feeding probe and the load probe pass through the bottom wall and communicate with the waveguide cavity, the feeding probe is configured to feed power, and the load probe is configured to connect a load.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, the load probes include two, and in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the two load probes are arranged at two end positions of the waveguide structure, the feeding probe is arranged at the center position of the waveguide structure, and the multiple radiating elements are symmetrically arranged relative to the feeding probes, and the multiple radiating elements are located between the two load probes.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the feeding probe and the load probe are located at two end positions of the waveguide structure, and the plurality of radiation elements are located between the feeding probe and the load probe.

[0036] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the distance from the center of the radiation element closest to the feeding probe to the feeding probe is 4 mm to 12 mm.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, there are a plurality of waveguide structures, and the plurality of waveguide structures are arranged at intervals along a column direction, and the column direction intersects with an extension direction of the waveguide structures.

[0038] In an exemplary embodiment, the plurality of waveguide structures are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction.

[0039] In an exemplary embodiment, in the column direction, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures of the multiple waveguide structures increases successively from the first center line to the direction away from the first center line; wherein the first center line is the center line of the multiple waveguide structures along the extension direction of the waveguide structures, and in the column direction, the multiple waveguide structures are distributed on both sides of the first center line.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, in the column direction, on one side of the first center line, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures is expressed by the following formula:

[0041] Y m -Y m-1 =ΔY|mM / 2-1|;

[0042] Among them, Y m is the distance between the m+1th waveguide structure and the mth waveguide structure, Y m-1 is the distance between the mth waveguide structure and the m-1th waveguide structure, ΔY is the difference in distance between two adjacent waveguide structures, M is the total number of waveguide structures, 1<m≤M, and M is an integer greater than 1.

[0043] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, comprising a control circuit and the antenna described in any one of the above embodiments, wherein the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

[0044] The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna driving method, which is applied to the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna comprises at least one waveguide structure, wherein a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged on the waveguide structure, wherein the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; wherein in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiating elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements increases in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, and the driving method comprises:

[0045] The plurality of radiation elements are controlled respectively by the plurality of switch elements to radiate microwave signals.

[0046] The antenna and its driving method, and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements for respectively controlling the plurality of radiation units to radiate microwave signals are arranged. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna.

[0047] Other aspects will be apparent upon reading and understanding the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] The accompanying drawings are used to provide a further understanding of the technical solution of the present disclosure and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present disclosure, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present disclosure and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present disclosure. The shapes and sizes of the components in the accompanying drawings do not reflect the actual proportions and are only intended to illustrate the contents of the present disclosure.

[0049] Figure 1a Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 1b Shown is a schematic diagram of a cross-sectional structure of an antenna provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0051] Figure 2a Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0052] Figure 2b Shown is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0053] Figure 2c Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0054] Figure 3a Shown is a partially enlarged schematic planar structural diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0055] Figure 3b Shown is a partially enlarged cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0056] Figure 4 Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0057] Figure 5a Shown is a partially enlarged schematic planar structural diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0058] Figure 5b Shown is a partially enlarged cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0059] Figure 6a Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0060] Figure 6b Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Figure 7a Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0062] Figure 7b Shown is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Figure 8a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0064] Figure 8b Shown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Figure 9a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Figure 9b Shown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0067] Fig.10a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0068] Fig.10bShown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0069] Fig.11 Shown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0070] Fig.12a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0071] Figure 12b Shown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0072] Fig.13a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0073] Fig.13b Shown is a schematic diagram of a normalized full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0074] Fig.14a Shown is a schematic diagram of the full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0075] Fig.14b The figure shows a schematic diagram of the full-field direction of an antenna;

[0076] Fig.14c Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0077] Fig.14d Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna;

[0078] Fig.15a Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0079] Fig.15b Shown is a schematic diagram of the full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0080] Fig.16a Shown is a schematic diagram of the full-field direction of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0081] Fig.16b The figure shows a schematic diagram of the full-field direction of an antenna;

[0082] Fig.16c Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna provided by an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0083] Fig.16d Shown is a schematic diagram of the radiation intensity of an antenna;

[0084] Fig.17 Shown is a schematic diagram of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0085] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings hereinafter. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in a plurality of different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other. In order to keep the following description of the embodiments of the present disclosure clear and concise, the present disclosure omits the detailed description of some known functions and known components. The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only relate to the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures can refer to the usual design.

[0086] The proportions of the drawings in this disclosure can be used as a reference in the actual process, but are not limited to this. For example: the width-to-length ratio of the channel, the thickness and spacing of each film layer, the width and spacing of each signal line can be adjusted according to actual needs. The number of pixels in the display substrate and the number of sub-pixels in each pixel are not limited to the numbers shown in the figures. The drawings described in this disclosure are only structural schematic diagrams, and one method of this disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0087] In the present specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0088] In this specification, for the sake of convenience, the words and phrases indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., are used to illustrate the positional relationship of the constituent elements with reference to the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the constituent elements is appropriately changed according to the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, it is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification, and can be appropriately replaced according to the situation.

[0089] In this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0090] In this specification, "electrical connection" includes the case where components are connected together through an element having some electrical function. There is no particular limitation on the "element having some electrical function" as long as it can transmit and receive electrical signals between the connected components. Examples of "element having some electrical function" include not only electrodes and wiring, but also switching elements such as transistors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, and other elements having various functions.

[0091] In this specification, "parallel" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. In addition, "perpendicular" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0092] In this specification, "film" and "layer" may be interchanged. For example, "conductive layer" may be replaced by "conductive film". Similarly, "insulating film" may be replaced by "insulating layer".

[0093] The triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons in this specification are not in the strict sense, and may be approximate triangles, rectangles, trapezoids, pentagons or hexagons, etc. There may be some small deformations caused by tolerances, and there may be chamfers, arc edges and deformations.

[0094] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly limited to allow for process and measurement errors.

[0095] The concept of holographic antenna comes from the principle of optical holography. The principle is that the interference surface is formed by the interference of the target wave and the reference wave, and the target wave is inverted by irradiating the interference surface with the reference wave. The holographic antenna system only includes the holographic surface and the feed source, and the structure is very simple; the feed source generally adopts a horn antenna, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna, and does not require a complex feeding network. However, in order to reduce the profile, a monopole antenna or a slot antenna is often used as a feed source; the holographic surface is mainly composed of a dielectric substrate and a periodically distributed metal patch array, which is simple to process and low in cost; in the design process of the holographic surface, as long as the interference field expression formed by the interference of the target field and the reference field is calculated, and the distribution of the metal patches is designed with reference to the interference field expression, the desired holographic surface can be obtained, and the design process is simple. If a different target wave is obtained, the target field expression can be re-substituted into the above process. This simplicity and flexibility in design is another major advantage of the holographic antenna. In addition, the holographic antenna is also easy to conform to the shape, and its performance will not be greatly affected when attached to curved surfaces such as spheres and cylinders.

[0096] With the development of communication technology, the requirements for antenna performance are becoming more and more stringent and detailed. There are often requirements for antennas to achieve low sidelobe or ultra-low sidelobe radiation characteristics, which also poses a low sidelobe challenge to holographic antennas. Therefore, the holographic antennas in related technologies have a technical problem of high sidelobe levels.

[0097] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna, which may include at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switching elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, and the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; the plurality of switching elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiating elements to radiate microwave signals; in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiating elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

[0098] The antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure includes at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements are arranged for respectively controlling the plurality of radiation units to radiate microwave signals. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna.

[0099] like Figure 1a and Figure 1bAs shown, the antenna provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure may include at least one waveguide structure 10, on which a plurality of radiation elements 20 and a plurality of switch elements 30 respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged, and the plurality of radiation elements 20 are arranged at intervals along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10; the plurality of switch elements 30 are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements 20 to radiate microwave signals; in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiation elements 20 are located on both sides of the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 increases successively from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may include a top wall 101 , a side wall 103 , a bottom wall 102 and a waveguide cavity 100 , wherein the waveguide cavity 100 is surrounded by the top wall 101 , the side wall 103 and the bottom wall 102 , and a plurality of radiation elements 20 are disposed on the top wall 101 of the waveguide structure 10 .

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101, the side wall 103, and the bottom wall 102 may be an integrally formed structure. In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101, the side wall 103, and the bottom wall 102 may be made of metal.

[0102] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may further include a feeding probe 01 and a load probe 02 disposed on the bottom wall 102 . The feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02 penetrate the bottom wall 102 and communicate with the waveguide cavity 100 . The feeding probe 01 is configured to feed power, and the load probe 02 is configured to connect a load.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may further include a first dielectric layer J1, which is filled in the waveguide cavity 100. In an exemplary embodiment, the first dielectric layer J1 may fill the space of the waveguide cavity 100, that is, the first dielectric layer J1 may be in close contact with the top wall 101, the bottom wall 102, and the side wall 103. In an exemplary embodiment, the feed probe 01 and the load probe 02 may extend through the bottom wall 102 into the first dielectric layer J1.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may be as follows Figure 1a and Figure 1b The center feed structure shown, or it can be as Figure 2a and Figure 2b The edge-fed structure shown.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1a and Figure 1bIn the central feeding structure shown, the load probes 02 may include two. In the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the two load probes 02 are arranged at the two end positions of the waveguide structure 10, the feeding probe 01 is arranged at the center position of the waveguide structure 10, and the multiple radiating elements 20 are symmetrically arranged relative to the feeding probe 01, and the multiple radiating elements 20 are located between the two load probes 02.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 2a and Figure 2b In the edge feeding structure shown, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02 may be located at two end positions of the waveguide structure 10, and a plurality of radiating elements 20 are located between the feeding probe 01 and the load probe 02. In an exemplary embodiment, the feeding probe 01 is used as a feeding port for feeding, and the load probe 02 is used for matching the load to absorb the remaining energy.

[0107] In the exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 located on one side of the center Q1 of the waveguide structure is greater than or equal to one fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one half of the waveguide wavelength. That is, the spacing λ between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 is g / 2≤L n ≤λ g / 5, where λ g is the waveguide wavelength.

[0108] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance L between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 in the direction from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10 is n In an exemplary embodiment, the distance L between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10 is n It can be expressed by the following formula:

[0109] L n =L n+1 -ΔL;

[0110] Wherein, ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20, L n is the distance between the nth radiation unit and the center of the n+1th radiation element 20, L n+1 is the distance between the center of the n+1th radiation element 20 and the n+2th radiation element 20, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and ΔL is greater than 0. In an exemplary embodiment, on one side of the center of the waveguide structure 10, the first radiation element 20 to the n+1th radiation element 20 are arranged in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10.

[0111] In an exemplary embodiment, ΔL may be a constant. In an exemplary embodiment, the value of ΔL may be 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm, for example, the value of ΔL may be 0.05 mm to 0.7 mm.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, when the waveguide structure 10 is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 is 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; when the waveguide structure 10 is an edge-fed structure, the value of the distance L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure 10 is 2.5±0.5 mm, L1=L0+ΔL, and the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; wherein, L n+1 The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

[0113] In an exemplary embodiment, in a direction from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10 , the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 increases sequentially in a geometric progression.

[0114] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 in a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10 can be expressed by the following formula:

[0115] L n =L n+1 / R;

[0116] Wherein, R is the ratio of the distances between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20, and L n is the distance between the nth radiation unit and the center of the n+1th radiation element 20, L n+1 is the distance between the center of the n+1th radiation element 20 and the center of the n+2th radiation element 20, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and R is greater than 1. In an exemplary embodiment, on one side of the center of the waveguide structure 10, the first radiation element 20 to the n+1th radiation element 20 are arranged in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10.

[0117] In an exemplary embodiment, the value of R may be 1.02±0.1, the waveguide structure 10 is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 may be 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; or the waveguide structure 10 is an edge-fed structure, the value of the distance L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure 10 is 2.5±0.5 mm, the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength, and the value of L1 may be R*L0;

[0118] Among them, L n+1The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

[0119] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 2c As shown, when the waveguide structure 10 is an edge-fed structure, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, from the center Q1 of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 can also be expressed by the following formula:

[0120] L n =L0+ΔL*|Nn / 2-1|;

[0121] Where ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the centers of the nth radiating element and the n+1th radiating element, L0 is the distance between the two radiating elements closest to the center of the waveguide structure, N is the total number of radiating elements 20 in the waveguide structure, N is an integer greater than 1, ΔL is greater than 0, and 1≤n≤N. In an exemplary embodiment, on one side of the feeding probe 01 of the waveguide structure 10, the first radiating element 20 to the nth radiating element 20 are arranged in sequence from the feeding probe 01 of the waveguide structure 10 to the feeding probe 01 away from the waveguide structure 10.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, a plurality of conductive vias may be provided in the waveguide structure 10 , and the conductive vias penetrate the first dielectric layer J1 and the bottom wall 102 of the waveguide structure 10 , and the switch element 30 is electrically connected to the external control circuit through the corresponding conductive vias.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figures 1a to 2b As shown, the radiation element 20 may include an opening, and the opening may form a complementary electric inductive-capacitive structure (CELC). In an exemplary embodiment, a variable capacitor may be formed in the CELC structure, and the radiation characteristics of the CELC may be controlled by controlling the value of the variable capacitor.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 3a and Figure 3b As shown, Figure 3a is an enlarged schematic diagram of the planar structure of the radiation element 20, Figure 3bThe figure shows an enlarged schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the waveguide structure 10. The complementary inductor and capacitor structure may include an annular slot N0 and two T-shaped slots. The annular slot may include a first slot N1 and a second slot N2 that are arranged opposite to each other, and a third slot N3 and a fourth slot N4 that are arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10. The first slot N1 to the fourth slot N4 are interconnected to form the annular slot N0; the two T-shaped slots may include a first T-shaped slot N01 and a second T-shaped slot N02. The first T-shaped slot N01 and the second T-shaped slot N02 are arranged opposite to each other. The first T-shaped slot N01 is connected to the first slot N1, and the second T-shaped slot N02 is connected to the second slot N2.

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the first T-shaped slot N01 may be a positive T-shaped slot, and the second T-shaped slot N02 may be an inverted T-shaped slot.

[0126] In an exemplary embodiment, the first slot N1 and the second slot N2 may be arranged along the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, and the third slot N3 and the fourth slot N4 may be arranged along the direction X perpendicular to the direction in which the waveguide structure 10 extends (i.e., the third slot N3 and the fourth slot N4 may be arranged along the second direction Y, and the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends may be referred to as the first direction); the first T-shaped slot N01 and the second T-shaped slot N02 may be arranged along the second direction Y, and may be symmetrically arranged relative to the midline of the top wall 101 extending along the first direction X (may be mirror-symmetrical).

[0127] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element 30 may include two switch structures 300, and the two switch structures 300 may include a first switch structure 301 and a second switch structure 302, wherein the first switch structure 301 is configured to control the opening state of the third slot N3; and the second switch structure 302 is configured to control the opening state of the fourth slot N4.

[0128] In an exemplary embodiment, a first accommodating groove E1 connected to the third groove N3 is respectively provided on both sides of the third groove N3, a second accommodating groove E2 connected to the fourth groove N4 is respectively provided on both sides of the fourth groove N4, the first switch structure 301 and the second switch structure 302 each include two electrodes d0, the two electrodes d0 of the first switch structure 301 are respectively arranged in the two first accommodating grooves E1, the two electrodes d0 of the second switch structure 302 are respectively arranged in the two second accommodating grooves E2, and the electrodes d0 in the first switch structure 301 and the second switch structure 302 are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through corresponding connecting vias K0.

[0129] In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101 at the locations of the annular opening N0, the first T-shaped slot N01, the second T-shaped slot N02, the first receiving slot E1 and the second receiving slot E2 is etched away, thereby exposing the first dielectric layer J1.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 3a and Figure 3b In the structure of the radiation element 20 and the switch element 30 shown, the external control circuit applies voltage to the two electrodes d0 of the first switch structure 301 through the two conductive vias K0 respectively, so as to control the first switch structure 301 to be turned on or off; the external control circuit applies voltage to the two electrodes d0 of the second switch structure 302 through the two conductive vias K0 respectively, so as to control the second switch structure 302 to be turned on or off, thereby controlling the radiation element 20 to radiate microwave signals.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 4 As shown, the radiation element 20 may include an opening, and the opening may form a rectangular gap 201. The switch element 30 may include a switch structure 300, and the switch structure 300 may be configured to control the opening state of the opening.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 5a and Figure 5b As shown, Figure 5a for Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the planar enlarged structure of the middle radiation element 20, Figure 5b for Figure 4 The cross-sectional structure of the middle waveguide structure 10 is enlarged in schematic diagram, the switch structure 300 may include two electrodes d0, in the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, a third accommodating groove E3 connected to the opening is respectively provided on both sides of the opening (rectangular gap 201), the two electrodes d0 of the switch structure 300 are respectively arranged in the two third accommodating grooves E3, and are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through two connecting vias K0. In an exemplary embodiment, the size of the rectangular slot 201 along the direction X perpendicular to the extension direction of the waveguide structure 10 (i.e., the second direction Y) can be half the wavelength of the microwave. In the second direction Y, the switch structure 300 is arranged in the middle position of the rectangular slot 201. When the switch structure 300 is turned on, the rectangular slot 201 is equivalent to a small slot with a size of two quarter wavelengths in the second direction Y, and the two small slots are arranged along the second direction Y. In this case, the radiation capability of the radiation element 20 is relatively weak, which can be understood as the radiation element 20 is in the off state; when the switch structure 300 is blocked, the size of the rectangular slot 201 in the second direction Y is a slot of half the wavelength (it can be said to be half the wavelength of the microwave). In this case, the radiation capability of the radiation element 20 is relatively strong, which can be understood as the radiation element is in the open state.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the first to third grooves E1 to E3 are configured to accommodate the electrode d0 , which can prevent the electrode d0 from being electrically connected or short-circuited to other structures in the top wall 101 .

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch structure 300 may be, but is not limited to, a PIN diode. For example, the switch structure 300 may also be any one of a variable reactance diode, a liquid crystal switch, and a MEMS switch. Figure 5a The switch structure 300 in the example is a PIN diode for explanation: a conduction voltage is applied to the two electrodes d0 of the switch structure 300, that is, a first voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the anode of the PIN diode, and a second voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the cathode of the PIN diode, and the first voltage is greater than the second voltage, so that the PIN diode is turned on (forward biased). At this time, the radiation element is in an open state, and the radiation ability of the microwaves in the waveguide structure is relatively strong; an off voltage is applied to the two electrodes d0 of the switch structure 300, that is, a third voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the anode of the PIN diode, and a fourth voltage is applied to the electrode d0 connected to the cathode of the PIN diode, so that the PIN diode is blocked (reverse biased or zero biased). At this time, the radiation element is in a closed state, and the radiation ability of the microwaves in the waveguide structure is relatively weak.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 5b As shown, the waveguide structure 10 may further include a second dielectric layer J2 disposed on the side of the bottom wall 102 away from the top wall 101, and the second dielectric layer J2 is configured to accommodate the connection wiring between the conductive via K0 and the external control circuit, thereby providing an interface for electrically connecting the conductive via K0 with the external control circuit.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, the waveguide structure 10 may be a rectangular waveguide having four side walls 103; in the direction from the top wall 101 to the bottom wall 102 (the opposite direction of the third direction Z), the size of the waveguide structure 10 may be 6.85±0.5 mm; in the width direction (the second direction Y), the size of the waveguide structure 10 is 13.7±0.5 mm, and the width direction may be the arrangement direction Y of the two side walls 103 parallel to the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, 16 or more radiation elements 20 may be arranged in a waveguide structure 10. For example, 96 radiation elements 20 may be arranged in a waveguide structure 10. In the direction X in which the waveguide structure 10 extends, the 96 radiation elements 20 may be located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure 10, and 48 radiation elements 20 may be arranged on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure 10, respectively.

[0138] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the distance H0 from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the feeding probe 01 may be 4 mm to 12 mm. For example, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the distance H0 from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the feeding probe 01 may be 6±Δ4 mm, where Δ4 is ​​the error of the distance from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the feeding probe 01. In an exemplary embodiment, the value range of Δ4 may be 0.1 mm to 0.8 mm, for example, the value of Δ4 may be 0.5 mm.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the distance H0 from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the feeding probe 01 may be the distance from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the central axis of the feeding probe 01, or may be the distance from the center of the radiating element 20 closest to the feeding probe 01 to the peripheral edge of the feeding probe 01.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, the number of the waveguide structures 10 can be multiple, and the multiple waveguide structures 10 are arranged at intervals along the column direction (second direction Y), and the column direction Y intersects with the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10. For example, the column direction (second direction Y) is perpendicular to the extension direction X (first direction X) of the waveguide structure 10.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 6a and Figure 6b As shown, a plurality of waveguide structures 10 are arranged along the column direction Y at equal intervals.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, in the column direction Y, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures 10 increases successively from the first center line P1-P1 to the direction away from the first center line P1-P1; wherein the first center line P1-P1 is the center line of the multiple waveguide structures 10 along the extension direction X of the waveguide structures 10, and in the column direction Y, the multiple waveguide structures 10 are distributed on both sides of the first center line P1-P1.

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, if Figure 7a and Figure 7b As shown, in the column direction Y, on one side of the first center line P1-P1, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures 10 can be expressed by the following formula:

[0144] Y m -Y m-1=ΔY|mM / 2-1|;

[0145] Among them, Y m is the distance between the m+1th waveguide structure 10 and the mth waveguide structure 10, Y m-1 is the distance between the mth waveguide structure 10 and the m-1th waveguide structure 10, ΔY is the difference in distance between two adjacent waveguide structures 10, M is the total number of waveguide structures 10, 1<m≤M, and M is an integer greater than 1.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, Y m It may be the distance between the center of the m+1th waveguide structure 10 and the center of the mth waveguide structure 10 in the second direction Y, or the shortest distance between the edge of the m+1th waveguide structure 10 and the edge of the mth waveguide structure 10 .

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the top wall 101, the bottom wall 102 and the side wall 103 of the waveguide structure 10 may be conductive structures, for example, may be made of conductive metal, the conductive via K0 may be a metal via, the conductive via K0 is electrically connected to the electrode d0 in the switching element 30, the conductive via K0 is not electrically connected to the bottom wall 102 of the waveguide structure 10, and the conductive via K0 has no electrical connection to any structure other than the electrode d0 in the top wall 101.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the number of waveguide structures 10 in the antenna may be 10, and in the column direction (second direction Y), 5 waveguide structures 10 are respectively arranged on both sides of the first center line P1-P1. In an exemplary embodiment, in the second direction Y, the waveguide structures 10 located on both sides of the first center line P1-P1 may be symmetrically arranged relative to the first center line P1-P1. In an exemplary embodiment, the number of waveguide structures 10 in the antenna may be set according to actual needs, and the present disclosure does not limit this. For example, the number of waveguide structures 10 in the antenna may be less than 10 or greater than 10.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 1a to 2b , Figure 3a and Figure 3b The one-dimensional antenna structure is shown. Figures 6a to 7b The figure shows a two-dimensional antenna structure. The following is a detailed description of the suppression of sidelobe levels by several antenna structures:

[0150] The first antenna structure (one-dimensional antenna structure): Figure 1a and Figure 1bIn the one-dimensional antenna structure shown, the waveguide structure 10 is a rectangular waveguide, the width of the waveguide structure 10 (the dimension along the second direction Y) is 13.7 mm, the height of the waveguide structure 10 (the dimension along the third direction Z) is 6.85 mm, and 96 radiation elements 20 are provided on the waveguide structure 10. From the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 increases in an arithmetic progression, L1=2.5±0.5 mm, ΔL=L n+1 -L n =0.05mm, L1 and ΔL can be adjusted, L1 to L n are both greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the waveguide wavelength. 48 radiating elements 20 are respectively arranged on both sides of the feeding probe 01. When the antenna works at 12 GHz, in the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10, the radiating element 20 is relative to the center position of the waveguide structure 10 and the radiation intensity is as follows: Figure 8a As shown, Figure 8b The normalized full-field directional diagram is shown as Figure 8a As shown, the ordinate is the radiation intensity, and the abscissa is the position of the radiation element relative to the center of the waveguide structure 10 (along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10). The radiation intensity of the radiation element 20 can be divided into 1 (fully open state), 0.5 (half open state) and 0 (closed state), as shown in FIG. Figure 8b As shown, the vertical coordinate Gain is the gain of the antenna, and the horizontal coordinate is the target pointing angle θ. Figure 8b It can be seen that the antenna’s angular pointing is relatively precise, the sidelobe level is -17.29dB, and it has good antenna performance (the sidelobe level can be well suppressed, and the main lobe width is relatively small).

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, by controlling the external control circuit to control the switch element 30 corresponding to the complementary inductor-capacitor structure in the radiation element 20, the radiation intensity of each radiation element 20 can be divided into 6 levels: 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1. The division of radiation intensity is more detailed, and the matching degree between the radiation intensity of the radiation element 20 and the ideal holographic interference pattern can be further improved. This solution will increase the working difficulty of the external control circuit (such as FPGA). Figure 9a is the center position of the radiation element 20 relative to the waveguide structure 10 and the radiation intensity, Figure 9b The normalized full-field directional diagram is shown as Figure 9a As shown, the ordinate is the radiation intensity, the abscissa is the position of the radiation element relative to the center of the waveguide structure 10 (along the extension direction X of the waveguide structure 10), and the radiation intensity of the radiation element 20 can be divided into six levels of 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1. Figure 9bAs shown, the vertical coordinate Gain is the gain of the antenna, and the horizontal coordinate is the target pointing angle θ. Figure 9b It can be seen that the antenna’s angular pointing is relatively precise, the sidelobe level is -16.02dB, and it has good antenna performance (the sidelobe level can be well suppressed, and the main lobe width is relatively small).

[0152] The second antenna structure (one-dimensional antenna structure): The difference from the first antenna structure is that the complementary inductor and capacitor structure formed by the opening in the radiating element is replaced by a rectangular slot structure (the rectangular slot structure can be referred to Figure 5a 201), other conditions are consistent with the first antenna structure, the radiation element 20 of the antenna structure is located relative to the center of the waveguide structure 10 and the radiation intensity is as follows Fig.10a As shown, the normalized full-field direction map is Fig.10b As shown by Fig.10a It can be seen that the radiation intensity of each radiating element is divided into two levels: 0 (off state) and 1 (on state). This antenna structure reduces the difficulty of antenna design and manufacturing. The sidelobe level is -14.36dB, and the sidelobe suppression performance is reduced compared with the first antenna structure.

[0153] The third antenna structure (one-dimensional antenna structure): The difference from the first antenna structure is that ΔL is set to 0.7 mm. Other conditions are the same as the first antenna structure. The normalized full-field radiation pattern is as follows: Fig.11 As shown, the sidelobe level performance in the far field direction has decreased to -16.05dB. It can be seen that setting an appropriate ΔL value is helpful to obtain better antenna performance.

[0154] The fourth antenna structure (one-dimensional antenna structure) is different from the first antenna structure in that the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 increases in a geometric progression from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10. n =L n+1 / R, R = 1.02 ± 0.1, R is the ratio of the distances between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements (which can be called the common ratio of the geometric sequence). L1 and the common ratio R of the geometric sequence can be adjusted. n The wavelength of the waveguide is greater than or equal to one fifth and less than or equal to one half of the wavelength of the waveguide. Other conditions are the same as those of the first antenna structure. Fig.12a is the opening and closing condition of the slot of the antenna structure (i.e. the central position of the radiation element 20 relative to the waveguide structure 10 and the radiation intensity), Figure 12b is the normalized full-field directional diagram, from Figure 12b It can be seen that the sidelobe level is -14.77dB.

[0155] The fifth antenna structure (one-dimensional antenna structure): Figure 2c As shown, the antenna adopts edge feeding, the radiation elements 20 in the middle are densely distributed, and the radiation elements 20 at the two ends are sparsely distributed, L n =L0+ΔLx|Nn / 2-1|, L1 and ΔL can be adjusted, L1 to L n are both greater than or equal to one fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one half of the waveguide wavelength, Figure 2c In the figure, on one side of the center of the waveguide structure 10, the nth radiation element 20 to the first radiation element 20 are arranged in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure. Fig.13a is the opening and closing condition of the slot of the antenna structure (i.e. the central position of the radiation element 20 relative to the waveguide structure 10 and the radiation intensity), Fig.13b is the normalized full-field directional diagram, from Fig.13b It can be seen that the sidelobe level is -16.57dB, Fig.13a and Fig.13b It can be seen that the antenna has a lower sidelobe level and a narrower main lobe width, and still has good antenna performance. Fig.13a In the figure, taking the position of the feeding probe as the origin, the coordinate of the center of the waveguide structure 10 is greater than the origin coordinate 0.

[0156] The sixth antenna structure (two-dimensional antenna structure): the number of waveguide structures 10 is 10 (the arrangement of multiple waveguide structures 10 can refer to Figure 6b As shown in FIG. 1 , the width of a single waveguide structure 10 (the dimension along the second direction Y) is 13.7±0.5 mm, the height of the waveguide structure 10 (the dimension along the third direction Z) is 6.85±0.5 mm, 96 radiation elements 20 are arranged on the single waveguide structure 10, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements 20 increases in an arithmetic progression from the center of the waveguide structure 10 to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure 10, L1=2.5±0.5 mm, ΔL=L n+1 -L n =0.05mm, L1 and ΔL can be adjusted, L1 to L n The length of the rectangular slot 201 is greater than or equal to one fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one half of the waveguide wavelength. 48 radiating elements 2 are respectively arranged on both sides of the feed probe 01. Modifying the number of waveguide structures 10 or the number of radiating elements 20 in a single waveguide structure 10 will affect the radiation performance of the antenna. The structure of the rectangular slot 201 can refer to Figure 5a and Figure 5bAs shown, a PIN diode is placed in the middle of the rectangular slot 20. The PIN diode is electrically connected to the conductive via K0, and is electrically connected to the external control circuit (such as FPGA) through the metal via K0, so that the PIN diode is controlled by the external control circuit. When the PIN diode is turned on (forward biased), the slot is equivalent to two small slots with a length of one quarter wavelength, and the energy coupling ability of the quarter wavelength slot is weak, and the radiation ability is weak; when the PIN diode is blocked (reverse biased or zero biased), the slot is still one-half wavelength, and the radiation ability is strong. Therefore, by loading a PIN diode in the middle of the slot, the slot can have two states. When to control the opening and closing of the rectangular slot radiation unit. Since the propagation direction of the reference wave of the holographic antenna is fed from the left feeding port (feeding probe 01) of the rectangular waveguide and propagates along the waveguide direction (the waveguide structure 10 extends to X), the array factor expression can be written as:

[0157]

[0158] Where k0 represents the propagation constant of the target wave in space, kg represents the propagation constant of the reference wave in the antenna structure, θ0 is the beam pointing direction of the target wave, and x n is the location of the radiation unit, N is the number of radiation elements 20 located in a single waveguide structure 10, M is the number of waveguide structures 10, is the direction angle of any point in the coordinate system, and αn represents the radiation intensity of the nth radiation element 20.

[0159] The seventh antenna structure (two-dimensional antenna structure): Figure 6b As shown, edge feeding is adopted, and multiple waveguide structures 10 are arranged at equal intervals along the second direction Y. In a single waveguide structure 10, the left feeding probe 01 is responsible for feeding, and the right load probe 02 is connected to the load. 96 radiating elements 20 are arranged between the two probes. The distance between the nearest radiating element 20 of the feeding probe and the feeding probe 01 is 6 cm, L0 = 2.5 ± 0.5 mm, ΔL = 0.05 mm, L n =L0+ΔL*|Nn / 2-1|, the distance between the nth and n+1th radiation units is L n , the far-field pattern of the seventh antenna structure is as follows Fig.14a As shown, Fig.14b is a far-field pattern of the antenna structure of the control group (for example, the control group may be a plurality of radiating elements 20 in a single waveguide structure 10 distributed at equal intervals, and a plurality of waveguide structures 10 distributed at equal intervals along the second direction Y); Fig.14c The opening and closing conditions of the radiation element 20 position of the seventh antenna structure are shown in FIG. Fig.14d The opening and closing of the position of the radiating element 20 of the antenna structure of the control group. Fig.14a It can be seen that Figure 6b The multiple radiation elements 20 in the waveguide structure 10 are sparsely distributed in the middle and sparsely distributed at both ends, which can suppress the side lobe level to a great extent. Fig.14c It can be seen that the spacing between the radiation elements 20 located in the middle of the waveguide structure 10 is smaller, and the spacing between the two ends is larger.

[0160] The eighth antenna structure (two-dimensional antenna structure): Figure 7b As shown, the difference from the seventh antenna structure is that the multiple waveguide structures 10 are not distributed at equal intervals in the second direction Y, and other conditions are consistent with the seventh antenna structure, such as Figure 7b As shown, in the column direction Y, on one side of the first center line P1-P1, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures 10 can be expressed by the following formula: m -Y m-1 =ΔY|mM / 2-1|; where Y m is the distance between the m+1th waveguide structure 10 and the mth waveguide structure 10, Y m-1 is the distance between the mth waveguide structure 10 and the m-1th waveguide structure 10, ΔY is the difference in distance between two adjacent waveguide structures 10, M is the total number of waveguide structures 10, 1<m≤M, and M is an integer greater than 1. The far-field radiation pattern of the eighth antenna structure is shown in Fig.15b As shown in the figure, Fig.15a is the opening and closing condition of the position of the radiation element 20 of the eighth antenna structure, Fig.15a and Fig.15b It can be seen that compared with the seventh antenna structure, the eighth antenna structure can effectively suppress the side lobe levels in the u-axis direction and the v-axis direction. For the seventh antenna structure, the side lobe level in the u-axis direction can be effectively suppressed, but the side lobe level suppression effect in the v-axis direction is not good. It can be seen that most of the waveguide structures 10 in the antenna are arranged in the second direction Y with close spacing in the middle and sparse arrangement on both sides, which can better suppress the side lobe level in the v-axis direction.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna structure may be the same as the eighth antenna structure. By controlling the holographic interference pattern, the holographic antenna may realize a multi-beam pointing function (multi-beam pointing may be realized by turning on and off the plurality of radiation elements 20). Under this condition, the sparse distribution may also have the effect of reducing the sidelobe level. Fig.16a is the far-field pattern of the sparsely distributed antenna structure, Fig.16b is the far-field radiation pattern of the control group antenna (the multiple waveguide structures in the control group antenna structure are equally spaced in the column direction, and the multiple radiation elements 20 in a single waveguide structure 10 are equally spaced). Fig.16c It is a diagram showing the open and closed states of the radiation element 20 in the sparsely distributed antenna structure. Fig.16dThe diagram is the open and closed state diagram of the radiation element 20 in the antenna structure of the control group. It can be seen from the figure that the sparsely distributed holographic antenna has a certain suppression effect on the side lobe ( Fig.16a The suppression effect of the medium-sparse distribution antenna on the sidelobe level is better than Fig.16b The control group antenna has a better suppression effect on the sidelobe level), but the effect is not as good as the single beam case (single beam far field direction Fig.15b shown).

[0162] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 14a to 16d Different colors in the reference mark c0 represent different radiation intensities. In the reference mark c0, the radiation intensity increases gradually from bottom to top. Figures 14a to 16d The radiation intensity corresponding to the different colors in the figure is consistent with the radiation intensity corresponding to the same color marked c0 in the corresponding figure.

[0163] In the exemplary embodiment, the holographic antenna principle is based on the extension of the optical holographic principle in the microwave frequency band, which is a new antenna design concept. The principle of the holographic antenna is basically consistent with the holographic principle in optics. The mathematical expression of the interference pattern is derived through the mathematical expression of the reference wave and the target wave. Assume that the beam direction of the target wave is θ0 and the position of the radiation unit is x n , the reference wave and target wave equations of the antenna can be expressed as:

[0164] The equation of the reference wave of the antenna is:

[0165] The target wave equation of the antenna is:

[0166] Among them, k g represents the propagation constant of the reference wave in the antenna structure, and k0 represents the propagation constant of the target wave in space.

[0167] The expression of the holographic interference pattern is:

[0168] Substituting the antenna's reference wave and target wave equations into the equation, we can get the holographic interference pattern:

[0169] From the expression of the holographic interference pattern, it can be seen that when the propagation constant k of the reference wave g is determined, then the holographic interference pattern of the antenna is only related to the desired beam pointing θ0, and different beam pointings will correspond to different holographic interference patterns. The disclosed embodiment reflects the holographic interference pattern through the strength (open or closed state) of the radiation energy of different radiation elements 20.

[0170] The array factor expression of the holographic antenna is:

[0171] Wherein, N may be the number of radiation elements 20 in the waveguide structure 10 , and αn represents the radiation intensity of the nth radiation element 20 .

[0172] In the technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, for a one-dimensional antenna structure, a sparse distribution of multiple radiating elements 20 in a waveguide structure 10, which are dense in the middle and sparse at both ends, can effectively suppress the side lobe level; for a two-dimensional antenna structure, multiple waveguide structures 10 in the antenna can adopt a distribution manner that is dense in the middle and sparse at both sides, and multiple radiating elements 20 in a single waveguide structure 10 adopt a distribution manner that is dense in the middle and sparse at both ends to form a sparsely distributed array, thereby obtaining a sparsely distributed holographic antenna. With the antenna structure adopting the sparse distribution manner, both the one-dimensional antenna structure and the two-dimensional antenna structure can achieve the effect of reducing the side lobe level and reducing the main lobe width.

[0173] An embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, as shown in the figure, comprising a control circuit and the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

[0174] In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit can control a plurality of switch elements in the antenna to control corresponding radiation elements to radiate microwave signals. In an exemplary embodiment, the control circuit can serve as the external control circuit described above, or can serve as a driving circuit of the antenna.

[0175] The embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna driving method, which is applied to the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, wherein the antenna may include at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiating elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiating elements are arranged, and the plurality of radiating elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiating elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements increases in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, and the driving method includes:

[0176] The plurality of radiation elements are respectively controlled by the plurality of switch elements to radiate the microwave signal.

[0177] In an exemplary embodiment, radiating microwave signals by controlling multiple radiation elements respectively through multiple switching elements may include: a control circuit (or a driving circuit or the external control circuit described above) applies corresponding voltage signal groups to the multiple switching elements so that the corresponding switching elements are in corresponding open states.

[0178] In an exemplary embodiment, the switch element 30 may be a PIN diode, and the PIN diode may be provided with two electrodes d0, and the two electrodes d0 are electrically connected to an external control circuit (i.e., a control circuit or a drive circuit) through a conductive via K0, so that the control circuit controls the switch element 30. For example, the control circuit may be an FPGA, which controls the conduction state of the switch element 30, and may control the magnitude of the voltage applied to the two electrodes d0, thereby controlling the radiation state of the radiation element 20 corresponding to the switch element. For example, the antenna structure is Figure 4 In the case of the structure shown, the control circuit can be turned on by controlling the switch element 30, and the radiation energy of the radiation element 20 is weak, then the radiation element 20 is in a closed or semi-closed state; the control circuit can be blocked by controlling the switch element 30, and the radiation energy of the radiation element 20 is strong, then the radiation element 20 is in an open or semi-open state.

[0179] The antenna and its driving method, and electronic device provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure include at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements for respectively controlling the plurality of radiation units to radiate microwave signals are arranged. In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, thereby reducing the sidelobe level of the antenna and solving the technical problem of a high sidelobe level of the antenna.

[0180] There are a few points to note:

[0181] The drawings of the embodiments of the present disclosure only involve the structures involved in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and other structures may refer to the general design.

[0182] In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0183] Although the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure are as above, the contents described are only embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any technician in the field to which the present disclosure belongs can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of implementation without departing from the spirit and scope disclosed in the present disclosure, but the scope of patent protection of the present disclosure shall still be subject to the scope defined in the attached claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that: The method comprises at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements are arranged, wherein the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along the extension direction of the waveguide structure; and the plurality of switch elements are arranged to control the corresponding radiation elements to radiate microwave signals; In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the multiple radiation elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases successively from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, on one side of the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength and less than or equal to one-half of the waveguide wavelength.

3. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that From the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases in sequence in an arithmetic progression.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula: L n =L n+1 -ΔL; Where ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiating element and the center of the n+1th radiating element, L n+1 is the distance between the centers of the n+1th radiation unit and the n+2th radiation element, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and ΔL is greater than 0.

5. The antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The value of ΔL is 0.01 mm to 0.7 mm; The waveguide structure is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 is 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; or the waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure, the value of L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5±0.5 mm, the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength, and the value of L1 is L0+ΔL; Among them, L n+1 The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

6. The antenna according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: The waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure. The distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula: L n =L0+ΔL*|Nn / 2-1|; Where ΔL is the difference in distance between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiation unit and the n+1th radiation element, L0 is the distance between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure, N is the total number of radiation elements located in the waveguide structure, N is an integer greater than 1, ΔL is greater than 0, 1≤n≤N.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: From the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases in sequence in a geometric progression.

8. The antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements from the center of the waveguide structure to the direction away from the center of the waveguide structure is expressed by the following formula: L n =L n+1 / R; Where R is the ratio of the distances between the centers of two adjacent radiating elements, L n is the distance between the center of the nth radiating element and the center of the n+1th radiating element, L n+1 is the distance between the centers of the n+1th radiation unit and the n+2th radiation element, n is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and R is greater than 1.

9. The antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that The value of R is 1.02±0.1, the waveguide structure is a center-fed structure, the value of L1 is 2.5±0.5 mm, and the value of L1 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength; or the waveguide structure is an edge-fed structure, the value of L0 between the two radiation units closest to the center of the waveguide structure is 2.5±0.5 mm, the value of L0 is greater than or equal to one-fifth of the waveguide wavelength, and the value of L1 is R*L0; Among them, L n+1 The value of is less than or equal to half the waveguide wavelength.

10. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The waveguide structure comprises a top wall, a side wall, a bottom wall and a waveguide cavity, the waveguide cavity is surrounded by the top wall, the side wall and the bottom wall, and the multiple radiation elements are arranged on the top wall of the waveguide structure.

11. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that: The waveguide structure also includes a first dielectric layer, which is filled in the waveguide cavity. A plurality of conductive vias are provided in the waveguide structure, which penetrate the first dielectric layer and the bottom wall of the waveguide structure. The switch element is electrically connected to an external control circuit through corresponding conductive vias.

12. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that The radiating element includes an opening, and the opening forms a complementary inductor-capacitor structure.

13. The antenna according to claim 12, characterized in that: The complementary inductor and capacitor structure includes an annular slot and two T-shaped slots, the annular slot includes a first slot and a second slot arranged opposite to each other, and a third slot and a fourth slot arranged opposite to each other in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, and the first slot to the fourth slot are connected to each other; the two T-shaped slots include a first T-shaped slot and a second T-shaped slot, the first T-shaped slot and the second T-shaped slot are arranged opposite to each other, the first T-shaped slot is connected to the first slot, and the second T-shaped slot is connected to the second slot.

14. The antenna according to claim 13, characterized in that The switch element includes two switch structures, and the two switch structures include a first switch structure and a second switch structure. The first switch structure is configured to control the opening state of the third slot; and the second switch structure is configured to control the opening state of the fourth slot.

15. The antenna according to claim 14, characterized in that A first accommodating groove connected to the third groove is respectively provided on both sides of the third groove, and a second accommodating groove connected to the fourth groove is respectively provided on both sides of the fourth groove. The first switch structure and the second switch structure each include two electrodes, and the two electrodes of the first switch structure are respectively arranged in the two first accommodating grooves, and the two electrodes of the second switch structure are respectively arranged in the two second accommodating grooves, and the electrodes in the first switch structure and the second switch structure are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through corresponding connecting vias.

16. The antenna according to claim 11, characterized in that The radiation element comprises an opening, and the switch element comprises a switch structure, wherein the switch structure is configured to control an opening state of the opening.

17. The antenna according to claim 16, characterized in that The switch structure includes two electrodes. In the direction in which the waveguide structure extends, a third accommodating groove connected to the opening is provided on both sides of the opening. The two electrodes of the switch structure are respectively arranged in the two third accommodating grooves and are respectively electrically connected to the external control circuit through two connecting vias.

18. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that The waveguide structure is a rectangular waveguide, and the number of the side walls is four; in the direction from the top wall to the bottom wall, the size of the waveguide structure is 6.85±0.5 mm; in the width direction, the size of the waveguide structure is 13.7±0.5 mm, and the width direction is the arrangement direction of the two side walls parallel to the extension direction of the waveguide structure.

19. The antenna according to claim 10, characterized in that The waveguide structure further includes a feeding probe and a load probe disposed on the bottom wall. The feeding probe and the load probe penetrate the bottom wall and communicate with the waveguide cavity. The feeding probe is configured to feed power, and the load probe is configured to connect a load.

20. The antenna according to claim 19, characterized in that The load probes include two, which are arranged at two end positions of the waveguide structure in the extension direction of the waveguide structure, and the feeding probe is arranged at the center position of the waveguide structure. The multiple radiating elements are symmetrically arranged relative to the feeding probes, and the multiple radiating elements are located between the two load probes.

21. The antenna according to claim 19, characterized in that In the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the feeding probe and the load probe are located at two end positions of the waveguide structure, and the plurality of radiation elements are located between the feeding probe and the load probe.

22. The antenna according to any one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that: In the extending direction of the waveguide structure, the distance from the center of the radiation element closest to the feeding probe to the feeding probe is 4 mm to 12 mm.

23. The antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 17 and 18 to 21, characterized in that: There are multiple waveguide structures, and the multiple waveguide structures are arranged at intervals along a column direction, and the column direction intersects with the extension direction of the waveguide structure.

24. The antenna according to claim 23, characterized in that The plurality of waveguide structures are arranged at equal intervals along the column direction.

25. The antenna according to claim 23, characterized in that In the column direction, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures of the multiple waveguide structures increases successively from the first center line to the direction away from the first center line; wherein, the first center line is the center line of the multiple waveguide structures along the extension direction of the waveguide structures, and in the column direction, the multiple waveguide structures are distributed on both sides of the first center line.

26. The antenna according to claim 25, characterized in that In the column direction, on one side of the first center line, the distance between two adjacent waveguide structures is expressed by the following formula: Y m -Y m-1 =ΔY|mM / 2-1|; Among them, Y m is the distance between the m+1th waveguide structure and the mth waveguide structure, Y m-1 is the distance between the mth waveguide structure and the m-1th waveguide structure, ΔY is the difference in distance between two adjacent waveguide structures, M is the total number of waveguide structures, 1<m≤M, and M is an integer greater than 1.

27. An electronic device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a control circuit and the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 28, wherein the control circuit is electrically connected to the antenna.

28. A method for driving an antenna, applied to the antenna according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that: The antenna comprises at least one waveguide structure, on which a plurality of radiation elements and a plurality of switch elements respectively corresponding to the plurality of radiation elements are arranged, and the plurality of radiation elements are arranged at intervals along an extension direction of the waveguide structure; In the extension direction of the waveguide structure, the plurality of radiation elements are located on both sides of the center of the waveguide structure, and the distance between the centers of two adjacent radiation elements increases in sequence from the center of the waveguide structure to a direction away from the center of the waveguide structure, and the driving method includes: The plurality of switching elements are used to control the plurality of radiation elements to radiate microwave signals.

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