Antenna unit and preparation method thereof, antenna array and electronic equipment

Abstract

An antenna unit and a preparation method thereof, an antenna array, and an electronic device, the antenna unit comprising at least one antenna unit, the antenna unit comprising: a substrate (2) comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof; the first radiation patch (3) is arranged on the first surface of the substrate (2); the feeder line (4) is arranged on the first surface of the substrate (2), and the feeder line (4) is connected with the first radiation patch (3); the second radiation patch (5) is suspended on one side, far away from the substrate (2), of the first radiation patch (3), and orthographic projections of the second radiation patch (5) and the first radiation patch (3) on the substrate (2) are overlapped; at least one of the first radiation patch (3) and the second radiation patch (5) is provided with an isolation structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, but are not limited to, the field of communication technology, and specifically relate to an antenna unit and a method for preparing the same, an antenna array, and an electronic device. Background Art

[0002] Antennas are widely used in communication, navigation, radar and other fields. At present, with the development of electronic equipment, antennas tend to be miniaturized, making the spacing between the structures in the antenna more and more compact, which will cause mutual coupling effect. However, the strong mutual coupling effect will change the current amplitude and phase distribution of the antenna, resulting in poor antenna performance. Summary of the invention

[0003] The following is a summary of the subject matter of the detailed description of the present disclosure. This summary is not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

[0004] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0005] A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0006] A first radiation patch, disposed on a first surface of the substrate;

[0007] A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch;

[0008] A second radiation patch is suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate;

[0009] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0010] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one second isolation structure is disposed on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot-shaped structure or a through-hole structure.

[0011] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the trough-like structure comprises a U-shape.

[0012] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the through-hole structure includes a rectangle.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment, a portion or the entirety of the second isolation structure is bent along a direction approaching the substrate.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

[0015] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is rectangular in shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively disposed at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one protrusion is disposed on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is disposed on the protrusion.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, the protrusion is bent along a direction approaching the substrate and is disposed obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment, the second radiation patch is in a polygonal shape, includes a first side portion and a second side portion located between adjacent first side portions, and the protrusion is disposed on the first side portion.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of a first length of the second isolation structure to a second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic of a fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic of a fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment, an orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch as one body.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment, an orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on a same side of the first radiation patch.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one first isolation structure is disposed on the first radiation patch, the first isolation structure, the first feed line, and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

[0025] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure includes a groove-like structure.

[0026] In an exemplary embodiment, a ratio of a third length of the first isolation structure to a fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic of a second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic of a first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

[0027] In an exemplary embodiment, a distance from a central axis of the first isolation structure to an edge of the first feeder line is L1, and a distance from a central axis of the first isolation structure to an edge of the second feeder line is L2, and a ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

[0028] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first radiating patch comprises a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiating patch is rounded.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall is disposed on an edge of the substrate, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the substrate.

[0030] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate includes a first side and a second side that are oppositely disposed, and the isolation walls are disposed at both ends of the first side and at both ends of the second side, respectively; or, the isolation walls are disposed in the middle of the first side and in the middle of the second side, respectively.

[0031] In an exemplary embodiment, the isolation wall is provided with a connection hole.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, a reflection plate is further included. The reflection plate is disposed on the second surface of the substrate. The reflection plate is made of a conductive material and is grounded.

[0033] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate is a glass substrate.

[0034] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an antenna array, comprising a plurality of antenna units as described in any one of claims 1 to 25 and a power divider circuit, wherein the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-many equal power dividing circuit, wherein the one-to-many equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and a plurality of branch lines, wherein the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, and the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with feeder lines of a plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

[0035] In an exemplary embodiment, three antenna units are included, the power divider circuit includes a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit includes a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected to the feed lines of the three antenna units one by one.

[0036] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides an electronic device, comprising the aforementioned antenna unit.

[0037] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a method for preparing an antenna unit, comprising:

[0038] forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch;

[0039] A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0040] Other aspects will be apparent upon reading and understanding the drawings and detailed description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0041] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0042] Figure 1a A top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Figure 1b for Figure 1a A top view of a first radiating patch of the antenna unit;

[0044] Figure 1c for Figure 1a A top view of a second radiating patch of the middle antenna unit;

[0045] Figure 2 is a top view of yet another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Figure 3 is a top view of yet another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Figure 4a is a top view of yet another antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Figure 4b for Figure 4a A top view of a first radiating patch of the antenna unit;

[0049] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0050] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A top view of the antenna unit;

[0051] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A side view of the middle antenna unit;

[0052] Figure 8a for Figure 5 A top view of a first radiating patch of the antenna unit;

[0053] Figure 8b for Figure 5 A top view of a second radiating patch of the middle antenna unit;

[0054] Figure 9a for Figure 5 A graph of the standing wave ratio of the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding ports of the antenna unit;

[0055] Figure 9b for Figure 5 A curve diagram of the isolation between the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding ports of the antenna unit;

[0056] Fig.9c for Figure 5 A graph of the vertical gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit;

[0057] Figure 9d for Figure 5 Graph of horizontal gain and beamwidth of the antenna unit;

[0058] Fig.9e for Figure 5 The graph of the cross-polarization ratio of the axial and ±60° of the antenna unit;

[0059] Figure 9f for Figure 5 A graph of the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit;

[0060] Fig.10a It is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0061] Fig.10b for Fig.10a A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiation patch of the middle antenna unit;

[0062] Fig.11aIt is a structural schematic diagram of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0063] Fig.11b for Fig.11a A schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiation patch of the middle antenna unit;

[0064] Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0065] Fig.13a It is a structural schematic diagram 1 of a one-to-three equal power division circuit of an antenna array of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0066] Fig.13b The structure of the one-to-three equal power division circuit of the antenna array of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown as follows Figure 2 ;

[0067] Fig.14a for Fig.12 A graph showing the standing wave ratio of the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array;

[0068] Fig.14b for Fig.12 A graph showing the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array;

[0069] Fig.14c for Fig.12 The vertical gain and beamwidth curve of the 1to3 antenna array shown;

[0070] Fig.14d for Fig.12 The horizontal plane gain and beamwidth curve of the 1to3 antenna array shown;

[0071] Fig.14e for Fig.12 A graph of the cross-polarization ratio of the 1to3 antenna array shown;

[0072] Fig.14f for Fig.12 A graph of the front-to-back ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present disclosure clearer, the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings below. Note that the embodiments can be implemented in multiple different forms. A person of ordinary skill in the art can easily understand the fact that the methods and contents can be transformed into various forms without departing from the purpose and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure should not be interpreted as being limited to the contents described in the following embodiments. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments in the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined with each other.

[0074] In the drawings, the size of each component, the thickness of a layer, or the area is sometimes exaggerated for the sake of clarity. Therefore, one embodiment of the present disclosure is not necessarily limited to this size, and the shape and size of each component in the drawings do not reflect the true proportion. In addition, the drawings schematically show ideal examples, and one embodiment of the present disclosure is not limited to the shapes or values ​​shown in the drawings.

[0075] In the present specification, ordinal numbers such as “first”, “second” and “third” are provided to avoid confusion among constituent elements, and are not intended to limit the number.

[0076] In this specification, for the sake of convenience, the words and phrases indicating the orientation or positional relationship, such as "middle", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., are used to illustrate the positional relationship of the constituent elements with reference to the drawings. This is only for the convenience of describing this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation of the present disclosure. The positional relationship of the constituent elements is appropriately changed according to the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, it is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification, and can be appropriately replaced according to the situation.

[0077] In this specification, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate, or the internal communication of two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0078] In this specification, "parallel" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than -10° and less than 10°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than -5° and less than 5°. In addition, "perpendicular" means a state where the angle formed by two straight lines is greater than 80° and less than 100°, and therefore, also includes a state where the angle is greater than 85° and less than 95°.

[0079] The term "about" in the present disclosure refers to a numerical value that is not strictly limited to allow for process and measurement errors.

[0080] An embodiment of the present disclosure provides an antenna unit, including:

[0081] A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof;

[0082] A first radiation patch, disposed on a first surface of the substrate;

[0083] A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch;

[0084] A second radiation patch is suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate;

[0085] At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

[0086] The solution of this embodiment is described below by means of some examples.

[0087] Figure 1a This is a top view of an antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the antenna unit includes a reflector 1 , a substrate 2 , a first radiation patch 3 , a feed line 4 and a second radiation patch 5 .

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG1 , the shape of the substrate 2 may be rectangular. The substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along its thickness direction. A first radiation patch 3 and a feed line 4 are arranged on the first surface of the substrate 2, and the first surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is arranged on the second surface of the substrate 2, and the second surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the reflector 1.

[0089] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal one-piece molding machining process.

[0090] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0091] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment adopts a glass substrate, which effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna unit compared to metal vibrators (sheet metal / die casting), and can realize the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256 or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna unit.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0093] Figure 1b for Figure 1a A top view of a first radiating patch of an antenna unit in FIG. Figure 1b As shown, the shape of the first radiation patch 3 may be rectangular, and the thickness of the first radiation patch 3 may be about 1 micron to 2 microns. The surface of the first radiation patch 3 contacts the first surface of the substrate 2. The orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate 2. The first radiation patch 3 is electrically connected to the feed line 4, and the first radiation patch 3 can emit a signal through the excitation signal applied by the feed line 4.

[0094] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first radiation patch 3 includes a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiation patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiation patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located on the opposite side of the second direction D2, and both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 can be rounded, as shown in FIG4 .

[0095] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0096] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to generate ±45° polarization.

[0097] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feed line 41 is connected to the first end of the edge portion 31 as a whole, the second end of the first feed line 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feed line 41 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. The connection as a whole means that the same material is used and the same preparation process is used.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is integrally connected to the second end of the edge portion 31 , the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2 , and the orthographic projections of the second feed line 42 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiation patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both approximately 1 micron to 2 microns. The lengths of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 are both approximately 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the lengths of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 are both approximately 5 mm to 10 mm. Among them, the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane where the substrate 2 is located, and the first direction D1 intersects with the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0100] Figure 1c for Figure 1a A top view of a second radiating patch of an antenna unit in FIG. Figure 1c As shown, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 may be rectangular, and the thickness of the second radiation patch 5 may be about 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiation patch 5 is suspended on the side of the first radiation patch 3 away from the substrate 2, and a space is provided between the second radiation patch 5 and the first radiation patch 3, and the second radiation patch 5 does not contact the first radiation patch 3. The orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate 2 covers the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate 2, and the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate 2 overlaps with the orthographic projection of the feed line 4 on the substrate 2.

[0101] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 7.5 mm.

[0102] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna unit can achieve broadband.

[0103] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0104] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0105] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are all provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inner side of the second radiation patch 5.

[0106] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiation patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna unit, expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit.

[0107] right Figure 1a The antenna unit shown is subjected to simulation test. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.4, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-17.78 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.83 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥24.34 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥8.14 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.08 dB.

[0108] Figure 2 FIG. 1 is a top view of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1a The antenna units shown are substantially the same, except that Figure 2 As shown, a separation wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit in this embodiment.

[0109] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiment are separated by a separation wall on the substrate, which, on the one hand, reduces the influence of the mutual coupling effect (also called coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units and improves the isolation between adjacent antenna units. On the other hand, the separation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0110] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. The first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and the second end of the isolation wall 6 extends in a direction perpendicular to the substrate 2 and protrudes from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0111] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 that are arranged opposite to each other, and the first side 21 and the second side 22 both extend along the second direction D2. The first side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the second direction D2, the two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other, and the two first isolation walls 61 are perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation wall 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. The second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second direction D2, the two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other, and the two second isolation walls 62 are perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation wall 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0112] For example, the size of the first radiation patch 3 is 25 mm x 25 mm, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 6.5 mm, and the size of the isolation wall 6 is 21.875 mm x 7.5 mm x 0.5 mm. Figure 2 The antenna unit shown is subjected to simulation test. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.51, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-18.1 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.57 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥69°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥20.81 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥16.01 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.71 dB.

[0113] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0114] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a top view of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1a The antenna units shown are substantially the same, except that Figure 3 As shown, a separation wall 6 is provided on the base 2 of the antenna unit in this embodiment.

[0115] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is rectangular in shape and includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 that are oppositely disposed, and the first side 21 and the second side 22 both extend along the second direction D2. The isolation wall 6 is disposed in the middle of the first side 21 and the second side 22.

[0116] Taking the size of the isolation wall 6 as 25 mm x 3 mm x 0.5 mm as an example, Figure 3The antenna unit shown is subjected to simulation test. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.48, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-19.31 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.82 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥25.37 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥10.11 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.49 dB.

[0117] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the isolation wall can improve the isolation between adjacent antenna units and increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0118] Figure 4a FIG. 1 is a top view of another antenna unit of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1a The antenna units shown are substantially the same, except that Figure 4a As shown, two first isolation structures 71 are disposed on the first radiation patch 3 of the antenna unit of this embodiment. The two first isolation structures 71 are both located between the two feed lines 4, and the two first isolation structures 71 and the two feed lines 4 are located on the same side of the first radiation patch 3.

[0119] Figure 4b for Figure 4a A top view of the first radiation patch of the antenna unit. In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG4 , the first radiation patch 3 includes an edge portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2, the edge portion 31 extends along the first direction D1, and the edge portion 31 is connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the first direction D1, and two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the edge portion 31, and the two first isolation structures 71 are located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane where the substrate 2 is located, and the first direction D1 intersects with the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0120] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment can change the current path of the first radiating patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thus increase the electrical length of the antenna unit, expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit through the first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. On the other hand, the first isolation structure can improve the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0121] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is in the shape of a “U”-shaped groove structure, and the first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0122] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction D2, and the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0123] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the edge portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0124] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0125] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0126] right Figure 4a The antenna unit shown is subjected to simulation test. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.32, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-21.99 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.8 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥66°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥70°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥33.6 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥8.91 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥15.31 dB.

[0127] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the standing wave ratio of the antenna can be reduced and the isolation between the first feed line and the second feed line can be improved by the first isolation structure.

[0128] Figure 5 FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of another antenna unit of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 5 As shown, the antenna unit includes a reflection plate 1, a substrate 2, a first radiation patch 3, a feed line 4 and a second radiation patch 5.

[0129] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A top view of the antenna unit; Figure 7 for Figure 5In an exemplary embodiment, as shown in FIG. Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the shape of the substrate 2 can be rectangular. The substrate 2 includes a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along the thickness direction thereof, the first surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the opposite side of the third direction D3, and the second surface being the surface of the substrate 2 on the side of the third direction D3. A first radiation patch 3 and a feed line 4 are arranged on the first surface of the substrate 2, and the first surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4. A reflector 1 is arranged on the second surface of the substrate 2, and the second surface of the substrate 2 is in contact with the reflector 1. The third direction D3 intersects with the plane where the substrate 2 is located, and for example, the third direction D3 is perpendicular to the plane where the substrate 2 is located.

[0130] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 and the feed line 4 can be formed on the first surface of the substrate 2 by an evaporation process, and the reflector 1 can be obtained on the second surface of the substrate 2 by a metal one-piece molding machining process.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 is a glass substrate. For example, the dielectric constant of the glass substrate is 5.5, the dielectric loss tangent of the glass substrate is 0.004, and the thickness of the glass substrate is 0.5 mm.

[0132] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment adopts a glass substrate, which effectively reduces the weight and cost of the antenna unit compared to metal vibrators (sheet metal / die casting), and can realize the integration of more antenna units. For example, when the number of antenna units is 192, 256 or 384, the glass substrate can effectively reduce the weight and cost of the antenna unit.

[0133] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can be integrated into a 5G base station to achieve the purpose of energy saving and cost reduction.

[0134] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflector 1 may be rectangular in shape. The surface of the reflector 1 contacts the second surface of the substrate 2. The reflector 1 may be configured to reflect the signal emitted by the first radiation patch 3 toward a direction close to the second radiation patch 5, thereby increasing the signal strength of the antenna unit.

[0135] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflective plate 1 is made of a conductive material, and the reflective plate 1 is grounded.

[0136] Figure 8a for Figure 5 A top view of a first radiating patch of an antenna unit in FIG. Figure 8aAs shown, the shape of the first radiation patch 3 may be rectangular, and the thickness of the first radiation patch 3 may be about 1 micron to 2 microns, for example, 1.2 microns. The surface of the first radiation patch 3 contacts the first surface of the substrate 2. The orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate 2 is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate 2. The first radiation patch 3 is electrically connected to the feed line 4, and the first radiation patch 3 can send a signal through the excitation signal applied by the feed line 4.

[0137] In an exemplary embodiment, the first radiation patch 3 includes an edge portion 31 located on one side of the second direction D2, the edge portion 31 extends along the first direction D1, and the edge portion 31 is respectively connected to the feed line 4 at both ends of the first direction D1, and two first isolation structures 71 are provided on the edge portion 31, and the two first isolation structures 71 are both located between the two feed lines 4. The first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are both parallel to the plane where the substrate 2 is located, and the first direction D1 intersects with the second direction D2. For example, the first direction D1 is perpendicular to the second direction D2.

[0138] The antenna unit of the disclosed embodiment can change the current path of the first radiating patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thus increase the electrical length of the antenna unit, expand the bandwidth of the antenna unit, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna unit through the first isolation structure on the first radiating patch. On the other hand, the first isolation structure can improve the isolation between the two feed lines 4.

[0139] In an exemplary embodiment, the first isolation structure 71 is in the shape of a “U”-shaped groove structure, and the first isolation structure 71 is a groove body formed by the side portion 31 being recessed in the opposite direction of the second direction D2.

[0140] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure 71 to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction D2, and the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction D1. For example, the third length of the first isolation structure 71 is 2 mm, and the fourth length of the first isolation structure 71 is 0.5 mm.

[0141] In an exemplary embodiment, the two first isolation structures 71 on the edge portion 31 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the central axis of the first radiation patch 3 in the second direction D2.

[0142] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the first radiation patch 3 includes a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiation patch 3 is rounded. For example, the first radiation patch 3 includes a first corner 302 and a second corner 303 located on the opposite side of the second direction D2, and both the first corner 302 and the second corner 303 can be rounded, as shown in FIG8 .

[0143] In an exemplary embodiment, the feed line 4 includes a first feed line 41 and a second feed line 42 , and both the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are connected to the edge 31 of the first radiation patch 3 .

[0144] The antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure applies excitation to the antenna unit through the first feed line and the second feed line, and each radiates to generate ±45° polarization.

[0145] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the first feed line 41 is connected to the first end of the edge portion 31 as a whole, the second end of the first feed line 41 extends along the second direction D2, and the orthographic projections of the first feed line 41 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap. The connection as a whole means that the same material is used and the same preparation process is used.

[0146] In an exemplary embodiment, the first end of the second feed line 42 is integrally connected to the second end of the edge portion 31 , the second end of the second feed line 42 extends along the second direction D2 , and the orthographic projections of the second feed line 42 and the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both approximately equal to the thickness of the first radiation patch 3. For example, the thickness of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 are both approximately 1 micron to 2 microns. The length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the first direction D1 is both approximately 0.5 mm to 1 mm, and the length of the first feed line 41 and the second feed line 42 in the second direction D2 is both approximately 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0148] In an exemplary embodiment, the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the first feeder 41 is L1, and the distance between the central axis O of the first isolation structure 71 on the side of the edge 31 close to the first feeder 41 and the edge of the second feeder 42 is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4. For example, L1 is 5.25 mm.

[0149] In an exemplary embodiment, at least one isolation wall 6 is provided on the edge of the substrate 2, and the isolation wall 6 is rectangular in shape. The first end of the isolation wall 6 is connected to the edge of the substrate 2, and the second end of the isolation wall 6 extends along the third direction D3 and protrudes from the first surface of the substrate 2.

[0150] The antenna units of the disclosed embodiment are separated by a separation wall on the substrate, which, on the one hand, reduces the influence of the mutual coupling effect (also called coupling effect) between adjacent antenna units and improves the isolation between adjacent antenna units. On the other hand, the separation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit.

[0151] In an exemplary embodiment, the substrate 2 includes a first side 21 and a second side 22 that are arranged opposite to each other, and the first side 21 and the second side 22 both extend along the second direction D2. The first side 21 is provided with first isolation walls 61 at opposite ends of the second direction D2, the two first isolation walls 61 are disconnected from each other, and the two first isolation walls 61 are perpendicular to the first side 21. The thickness of the first isolation wall 61 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm. The second side 22 is provided with second isolation walls 62 at opposite ends of the second direction D2, the two second isolation walls 62 are disconnected from each other, and the two second isolation walls 62 are perpendicular to the second side 22. The thickness of the second isolation wall 62 is 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm, for example, 0.5 mm.

[0152] In an exemplary embodiment, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all be made of metal materials. For example, the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 can all include but are not limited to metals such as copper, aluminum or alloys, so that the reflector 1, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 have low resistance and high sensitivity of transmitted signals.

[0153] In some embodiments, the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may also adopt other shapes. For example, the shapes of the reflector 1, the substrate 2, the first radiation patch 3, the feed line 4 and the second radiation patch 5 may include but are not limited to one of circular, triangular, fan-shaped and the like shapes.

[0154] Figure 8b for Figure 5 A top view of a second radiating patch of an antenna unit in FIG. Figure 8b As shown, the second radiation patch 5 may be rectangular in shape, and the thickness of the second radiation patch 5 may be about 0.5 mm to 3 mm, for example, 2 mm. The second radiation patch 5 is suspended on a side of the first radiation patch 3 away from the substrate 2, and a space is provided between the second radiation patch 5 and the first radiation patch 3, and the second radiation patch 5 does not contact the first radiation patch 3. The orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 5 on the substrate 2 covers the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate 2.

[0155] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can generate different resonant frequencies through the first radiation patch 3 and the second radiation patch 5, thereby achieving the purpose of widening the bandwidth, so that the antenna can achieve broadband.

[0156] In an exemplary embodiment, a support column is provided on the substrate 2, and the support column extends along the third direction D3. The first end of the support column is connected to the first surface of the substrate 2, and the second end of the support column is connected to the second radiation patch 5. The support column is used to support the second radiation patch 5 so that the second radiation patch 5 can be suspended.

[0157] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical distance between the surface of the second radiation patch 5 close to the substrate and the first surface of the substrate 2 is 6.5 mm.

[0158] In an exemplary embodiment, the support column and the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 3 on the substrate do not overlap.

[0159] In an exemplary embodiment, the shape of the second radiation patch 5 can be rectangular, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four corners. The four corner areas of the second radiation patch 5 are all provided with a second isolation structure 72. The shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 is a groove body formed by the corners of the second radiation patch 5 being recessed toward the inner side of the second radiation patch 5.

[0160] The antenna of the embodiment of the present disclosure can change the current path of the second radiation patch through the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch, extend the effective length of the current path, reduce the resonant frequency, and thereby increase the electrical length of the antenna, expand the bandwidth of the antenna, and reduce the standing wave ratio of the antenna.

[0161] In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio between the first length L4 of the second isolation structure 72 and the second length L5 of the second isolation structure 72 is 0.5 to 2. For example, the first length L4 is 6 mm and the second length L5 is 5 mm. The first length L4 is a distance characteristic of the fourth direction D4, and the second length L5 is a distance characteristic of the fifth direction D5. Both the fourth direction D4 and the fifth direction D5 are parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction D4 intersects the fifth direction D5. For example, the fourth direction D4 is perpendicular to the fifth direction D5.

[0162] Figure 9f Shows Figure 5The simulation results of the antenna unit shown in the figure are based on the following examples: the size of the substrate is 68.75mm x 56.25mm, the size of the first radiation patch is 24.7mm x 24.7mm, the size of the first feed line and the second feed line are both 7mm x 0.82mm, the size of the second radiation patch is 45mm x 45mm, the distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate is 6.5mm, the size of the isolation wall is 14.375mm x 7.5mm, the size of the first isolation structure on the first radiation patch is 2mm x 0.5mm, the size of the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch is 6mm x 5mm, and the error of the above dimensions is ±0.2-±0.5mm. The specific description is as follows:

[0163] Figure 9a for Figure 5 A curve diagram of the standing wave ratio of the first feeder and the second feeder corresponding ports of the antenna unit. Figure 9a The horizontal axis is the frequency band, Figure 9a The ordinate is the standing wave ratio of the corresponding ports of the first feeder and the second feeder. Figure 9a As shown, in the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the ports corresponding to the first feeder line and the second feeder line of the antenna unit is ≤1.42.

[0164] Figure 9b for Figure 5 A curve diagram of the isolation between the corresponding ports of the first feeder line and the second feeder line of the antenna unit. Figure 9b The horizontal axis is the frequency band, Figure 9b The ordinate is the isolation between the corresponding ports of the first feeder and the second feeder. Figure 9b As shown, in the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feeder and the second feeder of the antenna unit is ≤-26.03 dB.

[0165] Fig.9c for Figure 5 The vertical plane gain and wave width curve of the single-port excitation of the antenna unit in the vertical plane is Figure 5 The XOZ plane in the radial coordinate system. Fig.9c The horizontal axis is the theta value, which is Figure 5 The angle of the Z axis in the mid-radiation coordinate system, Fig.9c The vertical axis is the actual total gain (realizedgaintotal) of the antenna unit. Fig.9c As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥ 7.7 dBi, and the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥ 68°.

[0166] Figure 9d for Figure 5The horizontal plane gain and wave width curve of the single-port excitation of the antenna unit in the horizontal plane is Figure 5 The XOY plane in the radial coordinate system. Figure 9d The horizontal axis is the phi value, which is Figure 5 The angle of the X axis in the radial coordinate system, Figure 9d The vertical axis is the actual total gain (realizedgaintotal) of the antenna unit. Figure 9d As shown, in the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.7dBi, and the horizontal plane wave width is ≥72°.

[0167] Fig.9e for Figure 5 A graph of the cross-polarization ratio of the single-port excitation of the antenna unit, where the cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross polarization. Figure 9d The horizontal axis is the phi value, Figure 9d The vertical axis is the cross-polarization ratio. Fig.9e As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥ 24.01 dB, and the ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥ 14.36 dB.

[0168] Figure 9f for Figure 5 A graph of the front-to-back ratio of the single-port excitation of the antenna unit. Figure 9f The horizontal axis is the phi value, Figure 9f The ordinate is the main polarization or cross polarization of the antenna unit. The front-to-back ratio is 180° in the opposite direction of the normal direction of the antenna unit, and the worst value of the main polarization and cross polarization within the range of 180°±30° is taken. Figure 9f As shown, in the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥22.1dB.

[0169] It can be seen from the above simulation results that the antenna unit of the embodiment of the present disclosure can improve the standing wave characteristics of the antenna unit and the isolation between the feed lines through the first isolation structure and the second isolation structure. The isolation wall can increase the ±60° cross-polarization ratio and front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit and reduce the mutual coupling between adjacent antenna unit groups.

[0170] In some embodiments, the thickness of the second radiation patch can be reduced, and the area of ​​the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate can be increased, so as to reduce the weight of the second radiation patch while ensuring the impedance matching of the antenna unit, thereby reducing the weight of the antenna unit. For example, the size of the second radiation patch is adjusted from 45mm x 45mm x 2mm to 46.5mm x 46.5mm x 0.5mm, and the orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate, thereby reducing the weight of the second radiation patch.

[0171] Fig.10a FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 The antenna units shown are substantially the same, except that Fig.10a As shown, in the antenna unit of this embodiment, at least one protrusion 51 is provided on the second radiation patch 5, and the protrusion 51 is bent along the direction close to the substrate 2 and is inclined to the second radiation patch 5. The second isolation structure 72 is provided on the protrusion 51, and the shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a "U"-shaped groove structure. The second isolation structure 72 follows the protrusion 51 and bends along the direction close to the substrate 2, and is inclined to the second radiation patch 5.

[0172] Fig.10b for Fig.10a Schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiation patch of the antenna unit. In an exemplary embodiment, as Fig.13a and Fig.13b As shown, the second radiation patch 5 is in the shape of an octagon, and includes four first sides and four second sides. The first sides and the second sides are overlapped along the circumferential direction of the second radiation patch, and one second side is arranged between adjacent first sides. The raised portions 51 are respectively arranged on the four first sides, and the raised portions 51 are in the shape of a pentagon. The raised portions 51 include a corner located on a side away from the first side. The second isolation structure 72 is arranged in the corner area of ​​the raised portion 51. The second isolation structure 72 follows the raised portion 51 and bends along the direction close to the substrate 2, and is arranged obliquely with the second radiation patch 5.

[0173] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, the antenna unit is simulated and tested. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.45, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feeder and the second feeder is ≤-27.10 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.11 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥73°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥78°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.81 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥19.18 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥22.28 dB.

[0174] In some embodiments, the second radiation patch may also be other polygons, for example, a pentagon, a hexagon, a heptagon, a decagon, etc.

[0175] Fig.11a FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another antenna unit of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 5 The antenna units shown are substantially the same, except that Fig.14a As shown, in this embodiment, at least one protrusion 51 is provided on the second radiation patch 5 of the antenna unit. The protrusion 51 is inclined along the direction close to the substrate 2 and is inclined with respect to the second radiation patch 5. The second isolation structure 72 is provided on the protrusion 51, and the shape of the second isolation structure 72 is a rectangular through-hole structure.

[0176] Fig.11b for Fig.11a Schematic diagram of the structure of the second radiation patch of the antenna unit. In an exemplary embodiment, as Fig.14a and Fig.14b As shown, the second radiation patch 5 is in the shape of an octagon, and the second radiation patch 5 includes four first sides and four second sides, the first sides and the second sides are overlapped along the circumferential direction of the second radiation patch, and a second side is arranged between adjacent first sides. The raised portions 51 are respectively arranged on the four first sides, and the shape of the raised portions 51 is a pentagon. The second isolation structure 72 includes a first end, a middle portion, and a second end connected in sequence, the first end of the second isolation structure 72 is arranged on the raised portion 51, and the first end of the second isolation structure 72 follows the raised portion 51 and is arranged obliquely in the direction close to the substrate 2, and the middle portion and the second end of the second isolation structure 72 are arranged on the second radiation patch 5.

[0177] Taking the length L3 of the second radiation patch 5 in the second direction D2 as 35 mm as an example, the antenna unit is simulated and tested. In the frequency band of 2.515-2.675 GHz, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna unit is ≤1.39, the isolation S12 between the corresponding ports of the first feed line and the second feed line is ≤-28.5 dB, the actual total gain of the antenna unit is ≥7.26 dBi, the vertical surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥72°, the horizontal surface wave width of the antenna unit is ≥77°, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥23.21 dB, the ±60° cross-polarization ratio of the antenna unit is ≥17.05 dB, and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna unit is ≥21.73 dB.

[0178] The present disclosure also provides a method for preparing an antenna unit, including:

[0179] forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch;

[0180] A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. The second radiation patch is provided with at least one second isolation structure.

[0181] Fig.12 The figure is a schematic diagram of the structure of an antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.12 The antenna array is shown to include three antenna units. In some embodiments, the antenna array may include other numbers of antenna units, such as 1, 2, 4, etc.

[0182] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.12As shown, the antenna array of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes a first antenna unit 11, a second antenna unit 12, a third antenna unit 13 and a power divider circuit 20. The first antenna unit 11, the second antenna unit 12 and the third antenna unit 13 are arranged in sequence along the second direction D2 to form an antenna unit row. The power divider circuit 20 includes a first one-to-three equal power division circuit 201 and a second one-to-three equal power division circuit 202. The first one-to-three equal power division circuit 201 and the second one-to-three equal power division circuit 202 are respectively located on opposite sides of the antenna unit row. The first one-to-three equal power division circuit 201 is electrically connected to the first feeder of the first antenna unit 11, the second antenna unit 12 and the third antenna unit 13, respectively, and the second one-to-three equal power division circuit 201 is electrically connected to the second feeder of the first antenna unit 11, the second antenna unit 12 and the third antenna unit 13, respectively. The power divider circuit 20 is configured to provide signals with approximately equal power to each antenna unit in the antenna unit row. The power divider circuit 20 and the first antenna unit 11 , the second antenna unit 12 , and the third antenna unit 13 form a 1 to 3 antenna array.

[0183] Fig.13a FIG1 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a one-to-three equal power division circuit of an antenna array of an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.13a As shown, the one-to-three equal power division circuit is a two-stage power division circuit. The one-to-three equal power division circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a fifth connecting line 95, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83 and a third branch line 84.

[0184] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the main line 81 is connected to the first end of the first connection line 91 and the first end of the second connection line 92, and the second end of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1.

[0185] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connection line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connection line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connection line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third connection line 93.

[0186] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connection line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a second end of the first connection line 91 , and a second end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a first end of the first branch line 82 .

[0187] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the third connecting line 93, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0188] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connection line 92 is L-shaped, the first end of the second connection line 92 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the second connection line 92 is respectively connected to the first end of the fourth connection line 94 and the first end of the fifth connection line 95.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connection line 94 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fourth connection line 94 is connected to the second end of the second connection line 92, and the second end of the fourth connection line 94 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the second branch line 83.

[0190] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder of the second antenna unit 12.

[0191] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connection line 95 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the fifth connection line 95 is connected to the second end of the second connection line 92, and the second end of the fifth connection line 95 extends in the opposite direction of the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0192] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the fifth connecting line 95, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0193] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 includes a first connecting section i, a second connecting section j and a third connecting section k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connecting section i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connecting section i is connected to the first end of the second connecting section j, and the second end of the second connecting section j is connected to the third connecting section k.

[0194] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 includes a fourth connecting segment b, a fifth connecting segment c and a sixth connecting segment d connected in sequence, the first end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the fourth connecting segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connecting segment c, and the second end of the fifth connecting segment c is connected to the sixth connecting segment d.

[0195] In an exemplary embodiment, the power of the first connecting line 91 is P1, the power of the second connecting line 92 is P2, P1:P2=1:2, and the impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the first connection segment i is Z i , the impedance of the second connection segment j is Z j , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c ,in, where k 2 =0.5.

[0196] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connecting line 94 includes a seventh connecting segment g and an eighth connecting segment h connected in sequence, the first end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the seventh connecting segment g is connected to the first end of the eighth connecting segment h, and the second end of the eighth connecting segment h is connected to the second branch line 83.

[0197] In an exemplary embodiment, the fifth connecting line 95 includes a ninth connecting segment e and a tenth connecting segment f connected in sequence, the first end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, the second end of the ninth connecting segment e is connected to the first end of the tenth connecting segment f, and the second end of the tenth connecting segment f is connected to the first branch line 81.

[0198] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the ninth connecting segment e is Z e , the impedance of the tenth connection segment f is Z f ,

[0199] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance of the seventh connecting segment g is Z g , the impedance of the eighth connection segment h is Z h ,

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, the impedance Z of the main line 81 is a is 50Ω, the impedance Z of the first connection segment i i is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the second connection segment j j is 59.5Ω, and the impedance Z of the third connection segment k is k is 50Ω, the impedance Z of the fourth connection segment b b is 51.6Ω, and the impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c is c is 42.1Ω, and the impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d is d is 50Ω, and the impedance of the seventh connection segment g is Z g is 70.7Ω, and the impedance Z of the eighth connection segment h is his 70.7Ω, and the impedance Z of the ninth connection segment e is e is 70.7Ω, the impedance Z of the tenth connection segment f f is 50Ω.

[0201] In an exemplary embodiment, the lengths of the fourth connecting segment b, the fifth connecting segment c, the ninth connecting segment e, the seventh connecting segment g, the first connecting segment i and the second connecting segment j are ˜λ / 4.

[0202] right Fig.12 The antenna array shown in the simulation test, when the thickness of the one-to-three equal power division circuit is 1.2μm, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the antenna array is <1.07, and the insertion loss is 0.36-0.84dB. When the thickness of the one-to-three equal power division circuit is 12μm, the insertion loss of the antenna array is 0.19-0.47dB.

[0203] Fig.13b The structure of the one-to-three equal power division circuit of the antenna array of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is shown as follows Figure 2 In an exemplary embodiment, Fig.13b As shown, the one-to-three equal power division circuit is a primary power division circuit. The one-to-three equal power division circuit includes a main line 81, a first connecting line 91, a second connecting line 92, a third connecting line 93, a fourth connecting line 94, a first branch line 82, a second branch line 83 and a third branch line 84.

[0204] In an exemplary embodiment, the main structure of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the main line 81 is connected to the first ends of the first connection line 91, the second connection line 92 and the third connection line 93, and the second end of the main line 81 extends along the first direction D1.

[0205] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the first connecting line 91 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the first connecting line 91 extends along the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the first branch line 82.

[0206] In an exemplary embodiment, the first branch line 82 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the first branch line 82 is connected to the second end of the first connecting line 91, and the second end of the first branch line 82 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the third antenna unit 13.

[0207] In an exemplary embodiment, the second connecting line 92 extends along the second direction D2, the first end of the second connecting line 92 is connected to the first end of the main line 81, and the second end of the second connecting line 92 extends in the opposite direction of the second direction D2 and is connected to the first end of the third branch line 84.

[0208] In an exemplary embodiment, the third branch line 84 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the third branch line 84 is connected to the second end of the second connecting line 92, and the second end of the third branch line 84 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder line of the first antenna unit 11.

[0209] In an exemplary embodiment, the third connection line 93 is L-shaped, a first end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a first end of the main line 81 , and a second end of the third connection line 93 is connected to a first end of the fourth connection line 94 .

[0210] In an exemplary embodiment, the fourth connection line 94 is L-shaped, a first end of the fourth connection line 94 is connected to a second end of the third connection line 93 , and a second end of the fourth connection line 94 is connected to a first end of the second branch line 83 .

[0211] In an exemplary embodiment, the second branch line 83 extends along the first direction D1, the first end of the second branch line 83 is connected to the second end of the fourth connecting line 94, and the second end of the second branch line 83 extends in the opposite direction of the first direction D1 and is connected to the first feeder of the second antenna unit 12.

[0212] In an exemplary embodiment, the first connection line 91 includes a first connection segment i, a second connection segment j, and a third connection segment k connected in sequence; the first end of the first connection segment i is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the first connection segment i is connected to the first end of the second connection segment j, and the second end of the second connection segment j is connected to the third connection segment k. The first end of the fourth connection segment b is connected to the main line 81, the second end of the fourth connection segment b is connected to the first end of the fifth connection segment c, and the second end of the fifth connection segment c is connected to the sixth connection segment d. The impedance of the main line 81 is Z a , the impedance of the fourth connection segment b is Z b , the impedance of the fifth connection segment c is Z c , the impedance of the sixth connection segment d is Z d ,in, For example, the impedance Z of the main line 81 is a is 50Ω, the impedance Z of the fourth connection segment b b is 103Ω, the impedance Z of the fifth connection segment c c is 59.5Ω, the impedance Z of the sixth connection segment d d is 50Ω.

[0213] In an exemplary embodiment, a connection hole 61 is provided in the isolation wall 6, and the connection hole 61 enables the power divider circuit to pass through and connect to the feeder. For example, the main line 81 of the one-to-three equal power divider circuit is the input feeder, and the input feeder passes through the connection hole 61 and is connected to the feeder.

[0214] In an exemplary embodiment, the length of the connecting hole 61 in the second direction D2 may be 5 mm or 10 mm.

[0215] Figures 14a to 14f Shows Fig.12 The simulation results of the 1to3 antenna array shown in the figure are based on the following examples: the size of the substrate is 68.75mm x 56.25mm, the size of the first radiation patch is 25mm x 25mm, the sizes of the first feed line and the second feed line are both 7mm x 0.82mm, the size of the second radiation patch is 45mm x45mm, the distance between the second radiation patch and the first surface of the substrate is 6.5mm, the size of the isolation wall is 16.857mm x7.5mm, the length of the connecting hole 61 in the second direction D2 is 5mm, the size of the first isolation structure on the first radiation patch is 2mm x 0.5mm, the size of the second isolation structure on the second radiation patch is 6mm x 5mm, and the error of the above sizes is ±0.2-±0.5mm. The specific description is as follows:

[0216] Fig.14a for Fig.12 The graph of the standing wave ratio of the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array is shown. Fig.14a The horizontal axis is the frequency band, Fig.14a The vertical axis is the standing wave ratio of the input ports on both sides. Fig.14a As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the standing wave ratio VSWR of the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array is ≤1.48.

[0217] Fig.14b for Fig.12 The graph of the isolation between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array is shown. Fig.14b The horizontal axis is the frequency band, Fig.14b The vertical axis is the isolation between the input ports on both sides. Fig.14b As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the isolation S12 between the input ports on both sides of the 1to3 antenna array is ≤-25.77 dB.

[0218] Fig.14c for Fig.12 The vertical plane gain and beamwidth curve of the 1to3 antenna array single-port excitation are shown, and the vertical plane is the XOZ plane in the radiation coordinate system in FIG. 14 . Fig.14cThe horizontal axis is the theta value, theta is the angle with the Z axis in the radiation coordinate system in Figure 14, Fig.14c The vertical coordinate is the actual total gain (realizedgaintotal) of the 1to3 antenna array. Fig.14c As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the actual total gain of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the vertical surface wave width of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥26°.

[0219] Fig.14d for Fig.12 The graph of horizontal plane gain and beamwidth of a 1to3 antenna array with single-port excitation is shown, where the horizontal plane is the XOY plane in the radiation coordinate system in FIG14 . Fig.14d The horizontal axis is the phi value, and phi is the angle with the X-axis in the radiation coordinate system in Figure 14. Fig.14d The vertical coordinate is the actual total gain (realizedgaintotal) of the 1to3 antenna array. Fig.14d As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the actual total gain of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥10.45 dBi, and the horizontal wave width is ≥73°.

[0220] Fig.14e for Fig.12 The cross-polarization ratio curve diagram of the 1to3 antenna array single-port excitation is shown, and the cross-polarization ratio is the difference between the main polarization and the cross polarization. Fig.14d The horizontal axis is the phi value, Fig.14d The vertical axis is the cross-polarization ratio. Fig.14e As shown, in the 2.515-2.675 GHz frequency band, the axial cross-polarization ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥ 23.66 dB, and the ±60° cross-polarization ratio is ≥ 14.71 dB.

[0221] Fig.14f for Fig.12 The graph shown is the front-to-back ratio of the 1to3 antenna array single-port excitation. Fig.14f The horizontal axis is the phi value, Fig.14f The ordinate is the main polarization or cross polarization of the 1to3 antenna array. The front-to-back ratio is 180° in the opposite direction of the normal direction of the 1to3 antenna array, and the worst value of the main polarization and cross polarization within the range of 180°±30° is taken. Fig.14f As shown, in the 2.515-2.675GHz frequency band, the front-to-back ratio of the 1to3 antenna array is ≥19.1dB.

[0222] The embodiment of the present invention further provides an electronic device, comprising any of the above-mentioned antenna units. The embodiment of the present application does not impose any special limitation on the specific form of the above-mentioned electronic device.

[0223] In an exemplary embodiment, the electronic device may include, but is not limited to, radar, mobile phone, tablet computer, television, laptop computer, navigator and other products.

[0224] The drawings in this disclosure only relate to the structures involved in this disclosure, and other structures can refer to the general design. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of this disclosure, that is, the features in the embodiments, can be combined with each other to obtain new embodiments.

[0225] Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present disclosure may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present disclosure, and all should be included in the scope of the claims of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. An antenna unit, characterized in that: include: A substrate, comprising a first surface and a second surface arranged opposite to each other along a thickness direction thereof; A first radiation patch, disposed on a first surface of the substrate; A feed line, disposed on the first surface of the substrate, the feed line being connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is suspended and arranged on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate, and the second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate; At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that At least one second isolation structure is disposed on the second radiation patch, and the second isolation structure is a slot-shaped structure or a through-hole structure.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The shape of the groove-like structure includes a U-shape.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that The shape of the through hole structure includes a rectangle.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: Part or all of the second isolation structure is bent along a direction approaching the substrate.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: The second radiation patch includes at least one corner, and the second isolation structure is disposed in the at least one corner region of the second radiation patch.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 6, characterized in that The second radiation patch is in a rectangular shape, and the second isolation structures are respectively arranged at four corner regions of the second radiation patch.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 2, characterized in that: At least one protrusion is disposed on the second radiation patch, and part or all of the second isolation structure is disposed on the protrusion.

9. The antenna unit according to claim 8, characterized in that The protrusion is bent along a direction close to the substrate and is arranged obliquely with respect to the second radiation patch.

10. The antenna unit according to claim 9, characterized in that The second radiation patch is in a polygonal shape and includes a first side portion and a second side portion located between adjacent first side portions, and the protrusion is arranged on the first side portion.

11. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that: The ratio of the first length of the second isolation structure to the second length of the second isolation structure is 0.5 to 2, the first length is a distance characteristic in the fourth direction, the second length is a distance characteristic in the fifth direction, the fourth direction and the fifth direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the fourth direction intersects the fifth direction.

12. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiating patch on the substrate.

13. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The feed line is connected to the first radiation patch as a whole.

14. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The orthographic projection of the feed line on the substrate is located within the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the substrate.

15. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The feed line includes a first feed line and a second feed line, and the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 15, characterized in that At least one first isolation structure is disposed on the first radiation patch. The first isolation structure, the first feed line and the second feed line are located on the same side of the first radiation patch, and the first isolation structure is located between the first feed line and the second feed line.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 16, characterized in that The first isolation structure includes a groove-shaped structure.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 17, characterized in that The ratio of the third length of the first isolation structure to the fourth length of the first isolation structure is 1 to 4, the third length is a distance characteristic in the second direction, the fourth length is a distance characteristic in the first direction, the first direction and the second direction are both parallel to the substrate, and the first direction intersects with the second direction.

19. The antenna unit according to claim 17, characterized in that The distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the first feeder line is L1, and the distance from the central axis of the first isolation structure to the edge of the second feeder line is L2, and the ratio of L2 to L1 is 3 to 4.

20. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The shape of the first radiation patch includes a rectangle, and at least one corner of the first radiation patch is rounded.

21. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: At least one isolation wall is arranged on the edge of the base, and the isolation wall protrudes from the first surface of the base.

22. The antenna unit according to claim 21, characterized in that The substrate includes a first side and a second side that are arranged opposite to each other, and the isolation walls are respectively arranged at both ends of the first side and at both ends of the second side; or, the isolation walls are respectively arranged in the middle of the first side and in the middle of the second side.

23. The antenna unit according to claim 21, characterized in that The isolation wall is provided with a connection hole.

24. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: It also includes a reflection plate, which is arranged on the second surface of the substrate, is made of conductive material, and is grounded.

25. The antenna unit according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The substrate is a glass substrate.

26. An antenna array, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of antenna units and a power divider circuit as described in any one of claims 1 to 25, wherein the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-many equal power dividing circuit, wherein the one-to-many equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and a plurality of branch lines, wherein the first ends of the plurality of branch lines are electrically connected to the main line, the second ends of the plurality of branch lines are connected one-to-one with the feed lines of a plurality of antenna units, and the power divider circuit is configured to provide signals of approximately equal power to the plurality of antenna units.

27. The antenna array according to claim 26, characterized in that It comprises three antenna units, the power divider circuit comprises a one-to-three equal power dividing circuit, the one-to-three equal power dividing circuit comprises a main line and three branch lines, the first ends of the three branch lines are all connected to the main line, and the second ends of the three branch lines are connected to the feed lines of the three antenna units one by one.

28. An electronic device, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna unit described in any one of claims 1 to 25.

29. A method for preparing an antenna unit, characterized in that: include: forming a first radiation patch and a feed line on a substrate, wherein the feed line is connected to the first radiation patch; A second radiation patch is formed on a side of the first radiation patch away from the substrate. The second radiation patch is suspended on the first radiation patch. The second radiation patch overlaps with the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the substrate. At least one of the first radiation patch and the second radiation patch is provided with an isolation structure.

Images