Reconfigurable metasurface beam modulator and implementation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a reconfigurable metasurface beam modulator and an implementation method thereof.The modulator comprises a reconfigurable metasurface, a metasurface bias voltage plate and a programmable control circuit, the reconfigurable metasurface is formed by arranging m * n metasurface units in an array mode, each metasurface unit independently controls dual-polarization coding, and the metasurface bias voltage plate is connected with the programmable control circuit. The super-surface bias voltage plate is connected to the super-surface bias voltage plate; the metasurface bias voltage plate is connected with the programmable control circuit; by changing a control signal of the programmable control circuit, the programmable control circuit generates a dual-polarization independent bias voltage, the dual-polarization independent bias voltage is provided for each metasurface unit through the metasurface bias voltage plate, and the dual-polarization response of each metasurface unit in x and y directions is changed through the dual-polarization independent bias voltage. And independent regulation and control on orthogonal polarization of each metasurface unit are realized. The reconfigurable metasurface beam modulator is realized and is expected to be further applied to the fields of wireless communication, information interaction and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a novel artificial electromagnetic material, and in particular to a reconfigurable metasurface beam controller and a realization method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Metasurface refers to an ultra-thin composite structure with specific electromagnetic control functions formed by arranging subwavelength artificial units on a two-dimensional surface according to certain array criteria. Metasurface has broad application prospects and has become a hot research direction in the field of metamaterials. The traditional design method is to design the required metasurface by changing the physical metal structure. Once this structure is fixed, it is difficult to change, so the dynamic adjustability of the metasurface is introduced. Researchers have realized active and adjustable dynamic metasurfaces by loading semiconductor components such as varactors and PIN diodes in metasurface units. At this time, the metasurface is still at the analog level, and it is difficult to realize some designs with more complex functions. In 2014, Professor Cui Tiejun and others innovatively introduced the concept of digital coding into metamaterial design, proposed digital coding metasurfaces, established a bridge between analog and digital links, greatly simplified the design process and reduced the design difficulty. At the same time, by combining devices with digital control and processing capabilities such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) with active metasurfaces, programmable metasurfaces are realized. Metasurfaces loaded with active devices can dynamically control multiple aspects of electromagnetic waves, such as phase, amplitude, and polarization. Their control capabilities are greatly improved compared to passive metasurfaces.

[0003] At present, most programmable metasurfaces are only designed for dynamic control of a single electromagnetic dimension (such as phase, amplitude, polarization, propagation direction, etc.), with limited information capacity, which makes it difficult to meet the practical application requirements of wireless communication and radar detection in complex environments. In order to further promote the development of high information capacity and high integration of programmable metasurfaces, researchers have developed and realized independent and programmable control of the multi-dimensional physical characteristics of electromagnetic waves. However, the designed dual-polarization programmable metasurface can only be controlled by column, and each column unit of the metasurface can only share the same bias voltage, which greatly limits the multifunctional application of the metasurface. Summary of the invention

[0004] Objective of the invention: One objective of the present invention is to provide an electromagnetically reconfigurable metasurface beam controller.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for realizing the above-mentioned super surface.

[0006] Technical solution: The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller described in the present invention includes a reconfigurable metasurface, a metasurface bias voltage plate and a programmable control circuit. The reconfigurable metasurface is composed of an array of m×n metasurface units, each metasurface unit independently controls dual-polarization encoding and is connected to the metasurface bias voltage plate; the metasurface bias voltage plate is connected to the programmable control circuit; by changing the control signal of the programmable control circuit, the programmable control circuit generates a dual-polarization independent bias voltage, and provides it to each metasurface unit through the metasurface bias voltage plate, and changes the dual-polarization response of each metasurface unit in the x and y directions through the dual-polarization independent bias voltage, thereby realizing independent regulation of the orthogonal polarization of each metasurface unit.

[0007] Optionally, the metasurface unit has four states of "00", "01", "10" and "11" in both polarization directions.

[0008] Optionally, the metasurface unit includes a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate and a metal ground from top to bottom, the metal pattern layer includes a central metal patch and four symmetrically distributed metal patches, wherein the central metal patch is located at the center position, the four symmetrically distributed metal patches surround the central metal patch, and each metal patch is connected to the central metal patch through a varactor.

[0009] Optionally, the four metal patches of the metasurface unit are connected to the metasurface bias voltage plate through four first through holes respectively, and the central metal patch on the metasurface unit is connected to the metal ground through a second through hole.

[0010] Optionally, the dual polarization response of the metasurface unit in the x and y directions is changed by delivering dual polarization independent bias voltages to two varactors loaded between the central metal patch and two opposite metal patches.

[0011] Optionally, the varactors in two polarization directions of the metasurface unit are independently connected to a programmable control circuit through routing on a bias voltage board.

[0012] Optionally, the programmable control circuit includes a micro control unit and a driving circuit, the driving circuit uses an analog multiplexing chip to provide bias, each analog multiplexing chip has three logic input pins, and the output pin is connected to the metasurface bias voltage board, and the micro control unit is used to control the driving circuit.

[0013] The method for implementing the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller comprises:

[0014] The programmable control circuit generates dual-polarization independent bias voltages for each metasurface unit according to the coding pattern;

[0015] The state of the metasurface unit is dynamically controlled by dual-polarization independent bias voltages. The metasurface unit has four states of "00", "01", "10" and "11" in both polarization directions.

[0016] Different coding patterns are then generated on the entire metasurface. The coding patterns of the metasurface are dynamically controlled by programmable control circuits, which can realize dynamic switching of beam deflection, electromagnetic focusing, and dual-beam splitting functions.

[0017] Furthermore, the micro control unit of the programmable control circuit converts the coding matrix corresponding to the coding pattern into a data matrix and transmits it to the driving circuit. The driving circuit transmits the corresponding voltage to the metasurface bias voltage plate according to the data matrix, so that the varactor in the two polarization directions on each metasurface unit obtains an independent bias voltage.

[0018] A reconfigurable metasurface, the reconfigurable metasurface is composed of an array of m×n metasurface units, the metasurface units include a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate and a metal ground from top to bottom, the metal pattern layer includes a central metal patch and four symmetrically distributed metal patches, wherein the central metal patch is located at a central position, the four symmetrically distributed metal patches surround the central metal patch, and each metal patch is connected to the central metal patch through a varactor.

[0019] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the significant technical effects of the present invention are: each metasurface unit is independently controllable through a programmable control circuit, thereby being able to realize various complex functions, such as beam steering, beam shaping, stealth, polarization conversion, etc.; by integrating four varactors on the metasurface unit, the two varactors in the horizontal direction are used to control the reflection phase of the x-polarized wave, and the two varactors in the vertical direction are used to control the reflection phase of the y-polarized wave, thereby realizing dual-polarization 2-bit phase control, providing two channels for information transmission, and greatly enhancing the application potential of metasurface in the fields of wireless communication and information interaction. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the working principle of the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 The figures are physical pictures of the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller of the present invention, wherein (a) is a physical picture of the reconfigurable metasurface, and (b) is a schematic diagram of the physical connection relationship between the reconfigurable metasurface, the metasurface bias voltage plate, and the programmable control circuit;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the super surface unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 41 is a simulation curve diagram of the metasurface unit under different capacitance values ​​in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is a simulation curve of the reflection amplitude changing with frequency, and (b) is a simulation curve of the reflection phase changing with frequency;

[0024] Figure 5 A physical picture of a metasurface bias voltage plate and a programmable control circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 is a firmware flow chart of a programmable control circuit in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 7 The far-field result diagrams of the simulation and test of the beam deflection function of the metasurface in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is the far-field simulation result under x-polarization; (b) is the far-field simulation result under y-polarization; (c) is the far-field test result under x-polarization; (d) is the far-field test result under y-polarization;

[0027] Figure 8 1 is a diagram of the near-field simulation result of the focusing function of the metasurface with the horn antenna as the feed source in the embodiment of the present invention; wherein (a) is the electric field simulation result of the xoy plane with a single focus; (b) is the electric field simulation result of the xoz plane with a single focus; (c) is the electric field simulation result of the xoy plane with dual focus; (d) is the electric field simulation result of the xoz plane with dual focus;

[0028] Fig. 9 1 is a diagram of the near-field simulation results of the dual-beam splitting function with the feed source being a horn antenna in an embodiment of the present invention; wherein, (a) is the far-field simulation result of the [000111] beam encoded under x-polarization; (b) is the far-field simulation result of the [000111] beam encoded under y-polarization; (c) is the far-field simulation result of the [00001111] beam encoded under x-polarization; (d) is the far-field simulation result of the [00001111] beam encoded under y-polarization. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments and the accompanying drawings.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown in (a) and (b), the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller described in the present invention includes a reconfigurable metasurface 1, a metasurface bias voltage plate 2 and a programmable control circuit 3. The reconfigurable metasurface 1 is composed of an array of M×N metasurface units 4, each of which can independently control dual-polarization coding and is connected to the corresponding interface of the metasurface bias voltage plate 2; the metasurface bias voltage plate 2 is connected to the programmable control circuit 3.

[0031] In the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller, by changing the control signal of the programmable control circuit 3, the programmable control circuit 3 provides the metasurface bias voltage plate 2 with a dual-polarization independent bias voltage for each metasurface unit 4, and the metasurface bias voltage plate 2 transmits the bias voltage to the varactor of each metasurface unit 4 in the x and y directions through an interface.

[0032] The reconfigurable metasurface 1 of the present invention is composed of M×N metasurface unit arrays, such as Figure 3 As shown, each metasurface unit includes, from top to bottom, a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate 44, and a metal ground 45. The metal pattern layer includes five metal patches, one of which is located at the center, and the other four metal patches are symmetrically arranged around the central metal patch in pairs, and the four metal patches around are connected to the central metal patch through a varactor.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, in the embodiment of the present invention, the central metal patch is a square copper sheet 41, and the four metal patches around it are rectangular copper sheets 42, wherein the square copper sheet 41 is located at the center, and four symmetrically distributed rectangular copper sheets 42 surround the square copper sheet 41. Four identical varactor tubes 43 are loaded between the square copper sheet 41 and the four symmetrically distributed rectangular copper sheets 42, and each rectangular copper sheet 42 is connected to the square copper sheet 41 through a varactor tube 43.

[0034] In the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller, the four rectangular copper sheets 42 of the metasurface unit have four through holes 46 connecting them to the metasurface bias voltage plate 2, and the rectangular copper sheet on the metasurface unit 4 is connected to the metal ground 45 through a through hole 47. Through the wiring on the bias voltage plate 2, the varactor 43 in the two polarization directions of the metasurface unit 4 can be independently connected to the programmable control circuit 3.

[0035] In this implementation case, the side length of the metasurface unit 4 is 20.0 mm, the dielectric substrate adopts F4B composite dielectric, the dielectric constant is about 2.65, the loss tangent is 0.001, the thickness is 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the metal layer is 0.018 mm. Four identical varactors 43 are loaded between the square copper sheet 41 and the four symmetrically distributed rectangular copper sheets 42. Each rectangular copper sheet 42 is connected to the square copper sheet 41 through a varactor 43. The diameter of the five metal through holes is 0.4 mm. The side length of the square copper sheet is 14.2 mm, and the rectangular copper sheet is 14.75 mm long and 2 mm wide. In the simulation, an RLC series circuit consisting of a resistor Rs = 0.3Ω, an inductor Ls = 4nH and a variable capacitor CT is used to simulate the varactor.

[0036] Each metasurface unit 4 has four digital coding states of "00", "01", "10" and "11" under x and y polarizations, respectively. By independently changing the capacitance values ​​in the x and y directions, the equivalent capacitance of the resonant unit (i.e., the metasurface unit) can be adjusted under the irradiation of x and y polarized electromagnetic waves, respectively, to achieve dual-polarization independent regulation of the digital state of the unit. Therefore, when x-polarized and y-polarized incident waves are projected onto the resonant unit, the resonant unit can exhibit different resonant states, thereby generating two different phase responses to orthogonal polarized waves. Functions such as beam deflection, polarization conversion, and OAM beam generation can be achieved.

[0037] By integrating four varactor diodes in the top metal pattern of the metasurface unit, the metasurface unit can realize the decoupling control of orthogonal polarized electromagnetic waves. The metasurface bias voltage plate provides voltage independently and without interference to the varactor tubes in the x and y directions of the metasurface unit. By changing the capacitance values ​​in the x and y directions, the equivalent capacitance of the resonant unit can be adjusted under the irradiation of x and y polarized electromagnetic waves, so as to realize the dual-polarization independent control of the metasurface unit. Therefore, when the x-polarized and y-polarized incident waves are projected onto the resonant unit, the resonant unit can exhibit different resonant states, thereby producing two different phase responses to the orthogonal polarized waves. The second is the design process of the reconfigurable metasurface and the control circuit. In this embodiment, the reconfigurable metasurface is composed of 420 metasurface units of 20×21, and the programmable control circuit composed of the EPS32 micro control unit (MCU) and the drive circuit provides 840 control signals for the reconfigurable metasurface to realize the dual-polarization independent control of each metasurface unit. Therefore, the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller platform finally developed has rich scalability and can realize different electromagnetic functions under orthogonal polarization.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a simulation curve of the reflection amplitude and reflection phase of the metasurface unit under different capacitance values ​​in the embodiment of the present invention. Under the normal incidence of x and y polarized waves, when the capacitance value changes from 1.14pF to 0.15pF, the resonance changes from 3.7GHz to 5.2GHz, and the adjustable bandwidth is about 1.5GHz. The reflection amplitude of the metasurface unit in the working frequency band is greater than -2dB, indicating that the designed dual-polarization independently adjustable metasurface unit has a higher reflectivity in the working frequency band. In addition, when the x or y polarized electromagnetic wave is normally incident on the metasurface unit, changing the capacitance of the two varactor tubes in the orthogonal polarization direction has almost no effect on the resonant state of the unit, which shows that the realized metasurface unit has high polarization stability and orthogonal polarization isolation.

[0039] Figure 5It is a physical picture of the super surface bias voltage board and programmable control circuit in the embodiment of the present invention. The programmable control circuit is composed of an EPS32 micro control unit (MCU) and a drive circuit, wherein the drive circuit includes an input voltage interface 1, an input voltage interface 2, a multiplexing chip 1, a multiplexing chip 2, a bus switching chipset and an I / O extension chipset. The input voltage interface 1 is an alternative bias voltage input port for the x-polarized varactor, and the input voltage interface 2 is an alternative bias voltage input port for the y-polarized varactor. The input voltage interface 1 is connected to the bus switching chipset through the multiplexing chip 1, and the input voltage interface 2 is connected to the bus switching chipset through the multiplexing chip 2. The bus switching chipset is connected to the I / O extension chipset, and the I / O extension chip delivers the bias voltage to the super surface bias layer through a flexible flat cable. In order to reduce the complexity and cost of the drive circuit, an analog multiplexing chip is used to provide bias. Each multiplexing chip has three logic input pins, which can be set to select the output voltage within eight input voltages, and the output pin is connected to a unit of the super surface through a flexible flat cable (FPC). In order to control multiplexing chip 1 and multiplexing chip 2, bus switching chip and I / O expansion chip are selected to expand the I / O pins of MCU. Considering the scalability and flexibility of the driving circuit, PCB boards are designed for bus switching chip and I / O expansion chip respectively (PCB boards arranged vertically in the figure). The two parts shown in the red solid line boxes in the figure are output voltage interfaces. The output voltage interfaces on the left and right sides provide independent voltages for the varactors in the two directions of the metasurface unit respectively. The parts shown in the red dotted line boxes in the figure are input voltage interface 1 and input voltage interface 2 respectively. The multiple voltages generated by the high-precision voltage regulator are used to provide bias voltages for the varactors on the metasurface and to power the multiplexing chip 1, multiplexing chip 2, bus switching chipset and I / O expansion chipset in the driving circuit. The driving circuit module shown in the figure can provide up to eight independent voltages in two directions for up to 64×8=512 metasurface units.

[0040] In the embodiment of the present invention, the reconfigurable metasurface is composed of 20×21 units. The vertical PCB board (the PCB board arranged vertically in the figure) designed based on the I / O expansion chip has a total of 64 effective output pins, which can effectively control the three columns of metasurface units, totaling 20×3=60 units. In actual testing, 7×2=14 PCB boards are used to achieve independent control of all metasurface units in two directions. The metasurface units are 2-bit phase encoded, corresponding to four bias voltages. The encoding pattern of the metasurface is calculated according to the target function (beam deflection, multi-beam, etc.), and the phase data stream required by the MCU can be obtained. Since the physical connections between the various channels of the driving circuit and the metasurface units are not arranged in order, it is necessary to decouple the logical address from the physical address, so a lookup table is defined to map the connection of the metasurface from the logical order to the physical order.

[0041] Figure 6 It is a firmware flow chart for MCU to receive and process input data. First, according to the design of the metasurface bias voltage board, a lookup table between the output channel of the flexible cable (FPC) and the metasurface unit is defined. Then, the coding pattern is reconstructed into a data matrix related to the logical address according to the lookup table. Finally, the data matrix is ​​written into the bus switching chipset corresponding to the physical address. The bus switching chipset will select the output channel of the target voltage through the I / O expansion chip, thereby realizing the application of the required bias voltage to any unit.

[0042] The relationship between the coding pattern, coding matrix, and data matrix: The coding matrix is ​​directly obtained from the input coding pattern. According to the correlation between the output of the driving circuit and the metasurface units, a lookup table is defined. According to the lookup table, the coding matrix is ​​reconstructed into a data matrix, and the data matrix is ​​transmitted to the metasurface bias voltage board to apply the required bias voltage to any unit.

[0043] The working principle of the controller is:

[0044] The beam direction of the metasurface beam controller can be calculated by the following formula:

[0045]

[0046] Where θ is the elevation angle, φ is the azimuth angle, λ0 is the free space wavelength at 4.5 GHz, and Γ x and Γ y are the encoding period lengths in the x and y directions, respectively.

[0047] A metasurface composed of 20×21 units can realize a dual-channel beam deflection function, with target deflection angles of -20°, -30°, -40° and -50° respectively. Figure 7 (a) shows the two-dimensional scattering pattern under x-polarization. It can be seen that the beam pointing angles are -20.0°, -29.5°, -40° and -47.0°, respectively, which are consistent with the design target. The sidelobe levels are -10.45dB, -10.68dB, -11.43dB and -7.40dB, respectively. Similarly, the beam deflection is also verified under y-polarization wave excitation. Figure 7 (b) shows the three-dimensional far-field radiation pattern of the target deflection angles of -20°, -30°, -40° and -50° under the excitation of the y-polarized wave. It can be seen that the pointing angles of the beam are -19.7°, -29°, -39.9° and -49.0°, which are basically consistent with the design target. The sidelobe levels are -9.24dB, -10.57dB, -12.00dB and -8.38dB, respectively. The simulation results verify the correctness of the unit design and the verifiability of the beam scanning. The test results are shown in Figure 7 As shown in (c) and (d), the beam deflection angles obtained by the test under the excitation of x-polarized waves are -22°, -32°, -43° and -52°, and the sidelobe levels are -7.35dB, -5.56dB, -9.85dB and -6.24dB. The beam deflection angles obtained by the test under the excitation of y-polarized waves are -22°, -30°, -43° and -51°, and the sidelobe levels are -5.50dB, -7.95dB, -10.58dB and -4.70dB. It can be seen that the deflection angle of the test results is not much different from the expected deflection angle, which can verify the accuracy of the beam deflection angle. In the two sets of results obtained by different polarization wave excitation, the minimum sidelobe level is obtained when the deflection is -40°. This is because when the deflection angle is small, the transmitting horn is closer to the middle position between the receiving horn and the metasurface, which has a certain interference with the reflected electromagnetic wave. When the deflection angle reaches -50°, the phase response of the metasurface is no longer stable due to the increase in the angle, resulting in a higher sidelobe at -50°. In general, the proposed metasurface can better realize the function of beam deflection.

[0048] Figure 8 is the near-field simulation result of the focusing function of the metasurface with the feed source being a horn antenna in the embodiment of the present invention, Figure 8 (a) is the electric field simulation result of the xoy plane when there is a single focus; Figure 8 (b) is the electric field simulation result of the xoz plane when there is a single focus. It can be seen that an obvious focusing point appears near the preset focus position (0, 100mm, 200mm). In the xoy observation plane at z = 200mm, the maximum electric field strength appears near (0, 99mm), the maximum field strength is 189.2V / m, and the -3dB focal width is 50mm; along the z-axis, the maximum electric field strength appears at z = 194mm, the maximum field strength is 196V / m, and the -3dB focal depth is 112mm. In the present invention, the -3dB focal width is defined as the focal spot width when the electric field strength drops 3dB from the maximum value at the plane parallel to the metasurface where the focus is located; the -3dB focal depth is defined as the focal spot depth when the electric field strength drops 3dB from the maximum value in the axial direction. Figure 8 (c) is the electric field simulation result of the xoy plane with dual focus; Figure 8(d) is the electric field simulation result of the xoz plane with dual focus. It can be seen that obvious focusing points appear near the preset focus positions (0, 100mm, 200mm) and (0, -100mm, 200mm). In the xoy observation plane at z = 200mm, the maximum electric field intensity appears near (0, 100mm), the maximum field intensity is 123V / m, and the -3dB focal width is 48mm; along the z-axis, the maximum electric field intensity appears at z = 192mm, the maximum field intensity is 141V / m, and the -3dB focal depth is 105mm.

[0049] Fig. 9 is the near-field simulation result of the dual-beam splitting function in which the feed source is a horn antenna in an embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 9 (a) is the far-field simulation result of the [000111] beam coded as x polarization. Fig. 9 (b) is the far-field simulation result of the [000111] beam coded as y polarization. It can be seen that in the [000111] coding state, the deflection angles of the dual beams are -31.99° and 31.53° respectively, the left and right beams are basically symmetrical along the normal direction, and the sidelobe level is -9.73dB. When the metasurface is coded as [00001111], the deflection angles of the dual beams are -22.94° and 23.04° respectively, the left and right beams are basically symmetrical along the normal direction, and the sidelobe level is -7.31dB. Fig. 9 (c) is the far-field simulation result of the [00001111] beam coded as x-polarization. The dual beam deflection angles are -32.5° and 32.5° respectively, and the sidelobe level is -9.35dB. Fig. 9 (d) is the far-field simulation result of the [00001111] beam coded as y-polarization. The dual beam deflection angles are -23.6° and 23.6° respectively, and the sidelobe level is -7.87dB.

Claims

1. A reconfigurable metasurface beam controller, characterized in that: The invention comprises a reconfigurable metasurface (1), a metasurface bias voltage plate (2) and a programmable control circuit (3), wherein the reconfigurable metasurface (1) is composed of an array of m×n metasurface units (4), each metasurface unit (4) independently controls dual-polarization coding and is connected to the metasurface bias voltage plate (2); the metasurface bias voltage plate (2) and the programmable control circuit (3) are connected; by changing the control signal of the programmable control circuit (3), the programmable control circuit (3) generates a dual-polarization independent bias voltage, and provides it to each metasurface unit (4) through the metasurface bias voltage plate (2); the dual-polarization response of each metasurface unit (4) in the x and y directions is changed by the dual-polarization independent bias voltage, so as to realize independent regulation of the orthogonal polarization of each metasurface unit (4).

2. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface unit (4) has four states of "00", "01", "10" and "11" in both polarization directions.

3. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The metasurface unit (4) comprises, from top to bottom, a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate (44) and a metal ground (45), wherein the metal pattern layer comprises a central metal patch (41) and four symmetrically distributed metal patches (42), wherein the central metal patch (41) is located at a central position, and the four symmetrically distributed metal patches (42) surround the central metal patch (41), and each metal patch (42) is connected to the central metal patch (41) via a varactor (43).

4. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 3, characterized in that: The four metal patches (42) of the metasurface unit are respectively connected to the metasurface bias voltage plate (2) through four first through holes (46), and the central metal patch (41) on the metasurface unit (4) is connected to the metal ground (45) through a second through hole (47).

5. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 3, characterized in that: By delivering dual-polarization independent bias voltages to two varactors (43) loaded between a central metal patch (41) and two opposite metal patches (42), the dual-polarization responses of the metasurface unit (4) in the x and y directions are changed.

6. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 3, characterized in that: Through the wiring on the bias voltage plate (2), the varactors (43) in two polarization directions of the metasurface unit (4) are independently connected to the programmable control circuit (3).

7. The reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 1, characterized in that: The programmable control circuit (3) comprises a micro control unit (31) and a driving circuit (32), wherein the driving circuit uses an analog multiplexing chip to provide bias, each analog multiplexing chip has three logic input pins, and the output pins are connected to the metasurface bias voltage board (2), and the micro control unit (31) is used to control the driving circuit (32).

8. A method for implementing the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: A programmable control circuit (3) generates a dual-polarization independent bias voltage for each metasurface unit (4) according to the coding pattern; The state of the metasurface unit (4) is dynamically regulated by dual-polarization independent bias voltages, and the metasurface unit (4) has four states of "00", "01", "10" and "11" in both polarization directions; Different coding patterns are then generated on the entire metasurface, and the coding patterns of the metasurface are dynamically regulated by a programmable control circuit (3), so that dynamic switching of beam deflection, electromagnetic focusing, and dual-beam splitting functions can be achieved.

9. The method for implementing the reconfigurable metasurface beam controller according to claim 8, characterized in that: A micro control unit (31) of a programmable control circuit (3) converts a coding matrix corresponding to a coding pattern into a data matrix and transmits the data matrix to a driving circuit (32). The driving circuit (32) transmits a corresponding voltage to a metasurface bias voltage plate (2) according to the data matrix, thereby enabling the varactor (43) in two polarization directions on each metasurface unit (4) to obtain an independent bias voltage.

10. A reconfigurable metasurface, characterized in that: The reconfigurable metasurface is composed of an array of m×n metasurface units (4), wherein the metasurface units (4) include, from top to bottom, a metal pattern layer, a dielectric substrate (44) and a metal ground (45), wherein the metal pattern layer includes a central metal patch (41) and four symmetrically distributed metal patches (42), wherein the central metal patch (41) is located at a central position, and the four symmetrically distributed metal patches (42) surround the central metal patch (41), and each metal patch (42) is connected to the central metal patch (41) via a varactor (43).

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