Corn fertilizing method for local deep application of phosphate fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to a corn fertilization method for local deep fertilization of phosphate fertilizer, which comprises the following steps: determining the dosage of corn phosphate fertilizer according to a soil testing formula, determining the position and spacing of corn planting rows according to corn varieties, applying a base fertilizer to a to-be-sown land, ditching at the position of the corn planting rows by using a furrow opener to form fertilization planting furrows with the depth of 10cm, the phosphate fertilizer with the determined dosage is applied to the bottoms of the fertilization planting furrows in a strip application mode, then soil covering is conducted, and the soil covering thickness is 5 cm; corn is planted on the soil covering layer of the fertilization planting ditch, the corn seeds are covered with soil again, the corn sowing depth is 5 cm, the vertical distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the corn seeds is 5 cm, and the vertical distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the ground is 10 cm. According to the fertilizer requirement characteristic of corn, a phosphorus fertilizer local deep application regulation and control technology is adopted, the fertilizer supply time is effectively prolonged, and the surface runoff and natural decomposition loss rate of the fertilizer are reduced, so that the pollution of fertilization to the environment is effectively reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization methods, and in particular relates to a corn fertilization method for local deep application of phosphate fertilizer. Background Art

[0002] Phosphorus is the second most demanded mineral element by plants. Although the phosphorus content in the soil is high, most of it exists in a form that cannot be directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Therefore, plants often show symptoms of phosphorus deficiency. In order to alleviate the lack of phosphorus in the soil, farmers often apply a large amount of phosphorus fertilizer, with an average amount of phosphorus fertilizer per hectare reaching more than 120 kg P2O5, which is far higher than the actual demand of crops. However, since the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil is very easy to combine with iron, aluminum, calcium, magnesium and other ions to form insoluble phosphates that are not easily absorbed and utilized by plants, the utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer is reduced, and the utilization rate in the season is only about 10% to 25%. In other words, more than 75% of the phosphorus in the phosphorus fertilizer applied to the soil cannot be used by the crops of the season, and thus accumulates in the soil, which not only causes a large amount of resource waste, but also increases the risk of soil phosphorus loss, causing real and potential ecological and environmental threats.

[0003] The main corn producing areas in northern my country are mainly distributed in calcareous soil areas. During the sowing period from April to May, the temperature is low and there is little rain, which leads to reduced fertilizer efficiency, especially for phosphorus fertilizers with poor mobility in the soil. Even if sufficient base fertilizer is applied, it is easy to cause slow root growth, small seedlings, and weak seedlings, resulting in physiological fertilizer deficiency in the corn seedling stage. The traditional method of spreading phosphorus fertilizer as base fertilizer into the soil is prone to spatial ectopic problems between crop root distribution and nutrient distribution supply, that is, there is a spatial misalignment between the distribution of crop roots and the distribution of phosphorus fertilizer in the soil, so that phosphorus fertilizer is not absorbed by the seedlings but fixed by the soil, resulting in a lack of phosphorus fertilizer in the critical period when the plant needs the most fertilizer (starting from the flower bud differentiation period), resulting in reduced production. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a suitable fertilization method that can both reduce the use of chemical phosphorus fertilizers in corn production and effectively improve the utilization efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for fertilizing corn by local deep application of phosphate fertilizer, which solves the problem of spatial heterotopy of crop root distribution and nutrient supply based on the principle of local regulation of nutrients in the rhizosphere, that is, there is a mutual feedback effect between the root system and the root layer nutrient supply, and the physiological characteristics of phosphate fertilizer.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: a method for fertilizing corn with local deep application of phosphate fertilizer, wherein the amount of corn phosphate fertilizer is determined according to a soil testing formula, the position and spacing of corn planting rows are determined according to the corn variety, after applying base fertilizer to the land to be sown, a furrow opener is used to open a furrow at the position of the corn planting row to form a fertilization planting furrow, the depth of the fertilization planting furrow is 10 cm, the determined amount of phosphate fertilizer is applied to the bottom of the fertilization planting furrow in a strip-like manner, and then covered with soil, the thickness of the covering soil is 5 cm; then corn is planted on the covering soil layer of the fertilization planting furrow, and the soil is covered again to cover the corn seeds, the corn sowing depth is 5 cm, the vertical distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the corn seeds is 5 cm, and the vertical distance from the ground is 10 cm.

[0006] When applying base fertilizer to the land to be sown, determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the soil test formula, and after leveling the land for the first time, spread 1 / 3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the potassium fertilizer on the land to be sown. Then use a rotary tiller to mix the fertilizer and soil evenly, and level the land to be sown again.

[0007] Apply the remaining 2 / 3 of nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing period.

[0008] The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate.

[0009] The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

[0010] The nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: (1) According to the fertilizer requirement characteristics of corn, the local deep application control technology of phosphate fertilizer is adopted to effectively extend the fertilizer supply time, reduce the fertilizer surface runoff and natural decomposition loss rate, thereby effectively reducing the pollution of fertilization to the environment.

[0012] (2) After deep application of phosphorus fertilizer strips, the soil covering method is adopted. The fertilization row is consistent with the corn planting row, which ensures that the fertilization position is highly accurate. At the same time, the fertilizer is concentrated in the root system of the corn row, which significantly promotes the root system of the corn and is beneficial for the corn seedlings to fully absorb the fertilizer. It can not only promote root growth and cultivate strong seedlings, but also improve the agronomic efficiency and partial productivity of fertilizers, laying a solid nutritional foundation for the construction of high-yield corn groups and increasing production.

[0013] (3) It can provide a scientific fertilization method for high-yield and high-efficiency corn, which has good effects. Especially with the popularization of agricultural mechanization, the combination of fertilization technology and agricultural machinery will have higher practical application value. The combination of agronomy and agricultural machinery is the development direction of modern agriculture and has been popularized at home and abroad. The present invention has broad application prospects in corn production in my country. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 The present invention is an operation flow chart of a method for fertilizing corn by local deep application of phosphate fertilizer.

[0016] Figure 2 The present invention is a schematic diagram of sowing and fertilizing of a corn fertilization method with local deep application of phosphorus fertilizer.

[0017] Markings in the picture: 1. Fertilization planting ditch, 2. Corn seeds, 3. Phosphorus fertilizer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, but they are not intended to limit the invention in any way.

[0019] Embodiment 1: A method for fertilizing corn by local deep application of phosphate fertilizer, comprising the following steps: (1) Determine the amount of fertilizer: According to the local soil test formula recommended fertilizer application amount, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer amounts for corn are determined to be 210 kg N / ha of nitrogen fertilizer, 60 kg P2O5 / ha of phosphorus fertilizer, and 70 kg K2O / ha of potassium fertilizer; (2) Land preparation: Use a rotary tiller to level the land to be sown; (3) Mixing basal fertilizer and tillage layer: Before sowing corn, spread one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the potassium fertilizer according to the local soil test formula recommended by the local soil test formula, and then use a rotary tiller to mix the fertilizer and soil evenly to further level the land to be sown; (4) Determine the fertilization position: Determine the corn planting row spacing based on the selected excellent corn variety. The planting row is the fertilization row. By adjusting the position of the furrow opener, the fertilizer application position can be accurately located. (5) Determine the fertilization depth: According to the fertilization depth requirements, adjust the downward angle of the furrow opener blade to determine the furrowing depth and ensure the accurate depth of fertilizer entering the soil. The fertilization planting furrow is 10 cm deep. (6) Concentrated deep application of phosphate fertilizer: Apply the weighed phosphate fertilizer strips to the bottom of the fertilization and planting trench 1, and then cover with soil artificially to a thickness of about 5 cm; (7) Sowing: Select excellent corn varieties and plant corn at a certain distance on the soil cover layer of the fertilization and planting furrow 1, then cover the soil again to cover the corn seeds. The corn sowing depth is 5 cm, the vertical distance between the phosphate fertilizer and the corn seeds is 5 cm, and the vertical distance from the ground is 10 cm; (8) Topdressing: During the jointing stage of corn, apply the remaining two-thirds of nitrogen fertilizer manually; (9) Field management: Watering, weeding and harvesting in time according to local climatic conditions.

[0020] In this embodiment, the corn variety is Huanong 658, and the method of sowing corn is 50 cm in row spacing, 30 cm in plant spacing, and the sowing density is 65,000 plants per hectare.

[0021] In the above step (3), the nitrogen fertilizer application amount is 210 kg N / ha, the phosphorus fertilizer application amount is 60 kg P2O5 / ha, and the potassium fertilizer application amount is 70 kg K2O / ha. The fertilizer types are urea for nitrogen fertilizer, superphosphate for phosphorus fertilizer, and potassium sulfate for potassium fertilizer.

[0022] Test example: This test example was conducted in Yangling Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Zone, Shaanxi Province in 2024, and the local deep application was carried out according to the method described in Example 1. The specific test contents are as follows: There are five treatments in the field test: control (no phosphate fertilizer), farmer mode (120 kg P2O5 / ha of phosphorus, fertilization by broadcasting), optimized phosphorus application mode 1 (60 kg P2O5 / ha of phosphorus, fertilization by broadcasting), optimized phosphorus application mode 2 (60 kg P2O5 / ha of phosphorus, fertilization by local deep application), and phosphorus reduction optimization mode 3 (48 kg P2O5 / ha of phosphorus, fertilization by local deep application). Each treatment also applied 210 kgN / ha of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) and 70 kg K2O / ha of potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate). Repeat 3 times and arrange in random blocks. The corn variety was Huanong 658, and the sowing method was 50 cm in row and 30 cm in plant, with a sowing density of 65,000 plants per hectare. The corn was sown on April 25 and harvested on September 15. After harvesting, the yield was measured, and samples were taken for indoor chemical analysis according to the test specifications.

[0023] The samples collected in the above-mentioned Experimental Example 1 were analyzed by conventional methods, and the results obtained are shown in Table 1.

[0024] Table 1 Effects of the experiment on optimal application of phosphate fertilizer on corn yield, partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer and phosphate utilization efficiency In the above treatments, compared with the farmer model, the optimized phosphorus application model 1 has the same fertilization method, and the main difference is the amount of phosphorus applied; compared with the optimized phosphorus application model 1, the main difference between the optimized phosphorus application model 2 and the optimized phosphorus application model 1 is the fertilization method; compared with the optimized phosphorus application model 3 and the optimized phosphorus application model 2, the main difference is the amount of phosphorus applied.

[0025] As can be seen from Table 1, compared with the farmer model treatment, the corn yield of the optimization model treatment increased, especially in the optimization model 2, the yield increased significantly. In general, compared with the farmer model treatment, the corn yield of the optimization model treatment increased by 8.2-14.06%. At the same time, on the basis of reducing the use of chemical phosphate fertilizer by 50-60%, the phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency was significantly increased, and the partial productivity of phosphate fertilizer increased by 104-167%, indicating that this method can not only significantly reduce the use of chemical phosphate fertilizers and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency, but also increase crop yields.

[0026] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit the same. Those skilled in the art should understand that the specific implementation modes of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents with reference to the above embodiments. Any modifications or equivalent replacements that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the pending claims.

Claims

1. A method for fertilizing corn by local deep application of phosphate fertilizer, characterized in that: The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for corn is determined according to the soil testing formula, and the position and spacing of corn planting rows are determined according to the corn variety. After applying base fertilizer to the land to be sown, a furrow opener is used to open trenches at the corn planting row positions to form fertilization planting trenches with a depth of 10 cm. The determined amount of phosphorus fertilizer is applied in strips at the bottom of the fertilization planting trench, and then covered with soil with a thickness of 5 cm. Corn is then planted on the topsoil layer of the fertilization planting trench, and the soil is covered again to cover the corn seeds. The corn sowing depth is 5 cm, and the vertical distance between the phosphorus fertilizer and the corn seeds is 5 cm, and the vertical distance from the ground is 10 cm.

2. The corn fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying base fertilizer to the land to be sown, determine the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer according to the soil test formula, and after leveling the land for the first time, spread 1 / 3 of the nitrogen fertilizer and all the potassium fertilizer on the land to be sown. Then use a rotary tiller to mix the fertilizer and soil evenly, and level the land to be sown again.

3. The corn fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Apply the remaining 2 / 3 of nitrogen fertilizer during the corn jointing period.

4. The corn fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate.

5. The corn fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate.

6. The corn fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer is urea.

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