Methods for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of high-temperature alloy smelting technology, specifically disclosing a method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum smelting, comprising: S1, raw material crushing; S2, vacuum heat treatment; S3, smelting; S4, slag removal; S5, slag remelting; S6, slag filtration; S7, repeating steps S3-S6; and S8, composition detection. This invention, through optimized control of metal raw materials, optimized slag treatment, slag remelting, and filtration technologies, can effectively remove impurities and impure substances from the alloy, improving the alloy's purity. The purification method ensures that impurities and undesirable substances are effectively removed, thereby reducing defects in the alloy and improving product quality and reliability. Increased alloy purity leads to improved mechanical properties, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance, thus expanding the alloy's application range and performance advantages. By reducing unnecessary impurities in the alloy, waste rate and energy consumption during production can be reduced, thereby lowering production costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of high-temperature alloy smelting technology, specifically relating to a method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum smelting. Background Technology

[0002] Harmful impurity elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and metallic impurities have extremely adverse effects on the mechanical properties, processing properties, and high-temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance of metallic materials, especially nickel-based superalloys. Therefore, reducing the content of harmful impurity elements in nickel-based superalloys has always been a key focus of research and development in nickel-based superalloy smelting technology.

[0003] In the prior art, CN112538577B relates to a method for controlling rare earth elements in the purification smelting of high-temperature alloys. This method calculates the designed addition amount of rare earth elements using empirical formulas and adds them according to a specific feeding sequence. The control method can achieve deep purification smelting and precise control of rare earth content according to actual needs. By controlling the addition method of rare earth elements, the alloying degree between rare earth elements and the alloy matrix elements can be guaranteed, effectively reducing the dross content during the remelting of rare earth element-containing master alloys, improving alloy purity, and thus improving casting quality. This invention is applicable to the smelting of most nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloys. While improving the purity of the alloy, it can accurately control the rare earth element content in the alloy and effectively reduce the dross content during the secondary remelting of the master alloy, significantly improving the quality of the master alloy and resulting in significant economic benefits.

[0004] CN108546834B relates to a purification and smelting method for a nickel-based high-temperature alloy master alloy, the steps of which are as follows: (1) The metal raw materials are subjected to hydrochloric acid and ultrasonic treatment; CaO-CaF2 pre-melted slag is prepared; the pre-melted slag is uniformly mixed with pure nickel powder and pressed into blocks; (2) The raw materials and blocks are placed together in a crucible and vacuumed; after melting, C, Nb, Ti and Al are added; Argon gas is added, B and Zr are added until the alloy liquid is melted again and then poured into a steel mold to obtain a high-temperature alloy ingot; the oxide scale and riser of the ingot are removed to obtain a high-temperature alloy concentrate; (3) The concentrate is placed in a copper crucible; vacuum is applied, and the alloy is melted and rapidly solidified to obtain a high-temperature alloy master alloy. This invention features slag refining during vacuum induction melting, resulting in low sulfur and phosphorus content; a copper crucible prevents contamination of the alloy melt; magnetic levitation promotes the floating of non-metallic inclusions; low oxygen and nitrogen content reduces the amount of non-metallic inclusions formed during the cooling and solidification of the alloy melt; and it utilizes existing mature melting equipment, making operation convenient.

[0005] CN115948657A relates to a purification and recycling method that comprehensively utilizes vacuum refining, gas blowing refining, slag washing, overheating, filtration, and depressurization purification in a synergistic process. This effectively ensures the cleanliness of the recycled alloy. Furthermore, the pressure atmosphere during melting reduces the volatilization loss of useful elements and facilitates crucible reactions of reactive elements such as hafnium, aluminum, and titanium, thus guaranteeing accurate alloy composition. Overheating and gas stirring further promote the homogenization and refinement of the alloy composition, reducing the formation of harmful aggregates. The quality of the recycled material is significantly improved, reducing the quality risks associated with its use, especially for alloys containing hafnium, high aluminum, and high chromium.

[0006] However, existing technologies have not solved the problem that in nickel-based superalloys, oxides and nitrides formed by oxygen, nitrogen, and other alloying elements can become crack initiation sites and rapid propagation channels, severely reducing core mechanical properties such as creep resistance, rupture resistance, and fatigue resistance. To address the issue of impurities affecting the quality of superalloys during vacuum melting, this patent proposes a method for purifying superalloys during vacuum melting to solve the aforementioned problems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting, so as to solve the problem that impurities contained in high-temperature alloys during vacuum melting affect their quality.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0009] Methods for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting include:

[0010] S1. Raw material crushing: Use an alloy raw material cutter or crusher to divide the alloy material into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh.

[0011] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into crucible one of the vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the melting furnace to a high vacuum state, and perform vacuum preheating treatment.

[0012] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2000℃~2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials;

[0013] S4. Slag Removal: Set up slag troughs and slag openings with an inclination angle of 30° to 50° so that the slag can be discharged smoothly. Use hydrocyclone separation or centrifugal separation methods to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use an inert gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a slag spoon or vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0014] S5. Slag Remelting: The slag generated during the smelting step S4 is collected under vacuum conditions and placed in crucible two. The slag is heated using a resistance furnace or induction heating furnace. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by pouring or using a centrifuge.

[0015] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter and install it at the outlet or pouring port of crucible two in step S5 to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag to obtain pure alloy two.

[0016] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0017] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0018] Preferably, the high vacuum state in S2 is 10 -2 ~10 -4 Pa, the vacuum heating method is resistance heating or induction heating.

[0019] Preferably, the vacuum preheating temperature in S2 is between 800°C and 1200°C, and the processing time is 1 to 2 hours.

[0020] Preferably, the slag heating temperature in S5 is between 1400℃ and 1600℃.

[0021] Preferably, crucible two in S5 includes a stainless steel crucible or a ceramic crucible.

[0022] Preferably, the ceramic filter in S6 has a pore size between 10 and 100 micrometers, and the material is a high-temperature resistant and chemically stable ceramic material, including alumina or silicon carbide.

[0023] Preferably, the inert gas stream is composed of argon.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0025] (1) By optimizing the control of metal raw materials, slag treatment, slag remelting and filtration technology, this invention can effectively remove impurities and impure substances in the alloy, improve the purity of the alloy, and ensure that impurities and undesirable substances in the alloy are effectively removed, thereby reducing defects in the alloy and improving the quality and reliability of the product. The improvement of alloy purity will lead to the improvement of the mechanical properties, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the alloy, thereby increasing the application range and performance advantages of the alloy.

[0026] (2) By reducing unnecessary impurities in the alloy, the present invention can reduce the scrap rate and energy consumption in the production process, thereby reducing production costs; the above purification method can improve the operating efficiency and process stability in the production process, and reduce production failures and downtime caused by impurities and impure substances. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the high-temperature alloy vacuum melting and purification method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1:

[0030] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0031] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material cutter, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0032] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa was subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method was resistance heating, the heating temperature was 1100℃, and the treatment time was 2 hours.

[0033] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2100℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0034] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 50° to allow the slag to be discharged smoothly. Use cyclone separation to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0035] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting step S4 is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 1600℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by pouring.

[0036] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with a pore size of 70 micrometers. Install the ceramic filter at the pouring port of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0037] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0038] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0039] Specifically, chemical analysis includes:

[0040] The composition of the gas inside the vacuum furnace is analyzed using equipment such as mass spectrometers and gas chromatographs to ensure the stability of the inert atmosphere;

[0041] Metal composition analysis: The composition of the smelted metal samples is analyzed using equipment such as spectrometers and X-ray fluorescence spectrometers to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the alloy composition of the product;

[0042] Slag analysis: Chemical analysis and microstructural observation of the slag produced after smelting are performed to assess the purity and composition distribution of the slag;

[0043] Samples are taken from the slag after smelting, the samples are ground, and then dissolved or prepared into sample solutions suitable for analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.

[0044] Example 2:

[0045] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0046] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material crusher, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0047] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa is subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method is resistance heating, the heating temperature is 1200℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.

[0048] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0049] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 30° so that the slag can be discharged smoothly. Use centrifugal separation method to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a slag spoon or vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0050] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting process is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an induction heating furnace to a temperature of 1500℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by a centrifuge.

[0051] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with an 80-micron pore size. Install the ceramic filter at the outlet of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0052] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0053] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0054] Example 3:

[0055] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0056] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material crusher, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 35% nickel, 15% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0057] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa was subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method was resistance heating, the heating temperature was 1100℃, and the treatment time was 2 hours.

[0058] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2100℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0059] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 50° to allow the slag to be discharged smoothly. Use centrifugal separation to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0060] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting process is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 1600℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by a centrifuge.

[0061] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with a pore size of 70 micrometers. Install the ceramic filter at the pouring port of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0062] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0063] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0064] Example 4:

[0065] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0066] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material cutter, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0067] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa is subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method is resistance heating, the heating temperature is 1200℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.

[0068] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0069] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 45° to allow the slag to be discharged smoothly. Use cyclone separation to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0070] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting process is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an induction heating furnace at a temperature of 1500℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by using a centrifuge.

[0071] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with an 80-micron pore size. Install the ceramic filter at the outlet of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0072] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0073] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0074] Example 5:

[0075] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0076] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material cutter, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0077] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa is subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method is resistance heating, the heating temperature is 1200℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.

[0078] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0079] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 40° to allow the slag to be discharged smoothly. Use centrifugal separation to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a slag spoon to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0080] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting process is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an electric resistance furnace at a temperature of 1600℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by a centrifuge.

[0081] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with an 80-micron pore size. Install the ceramic filter at the outlet of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0082] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0083] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0084] Example 6:

[0085] Please see Figure 1 As shown, the method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting includes:

[0086] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material cutter, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0087] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa is subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method is resistance heating, the heating temperature is 1200℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.

[0088] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0089] S4. Slag Removal: Set up a slag trough and slag opening with an inclination angle of 50° to allow the slag to be discharged smoothly. Use centrifugal separation to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use argon gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a slag spoon to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy.

[0090] S5. Slag remelting: Using a ceramic crucible, the slag generated during the smelting process is collected under vacuum conditions. The slag is heated in an induction heating furnace to a temperature of 1500℃. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by pouring.

[0091] S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter with a pore size of 70 micrometers. Install the ceramic filter at the outlet of crucible two to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in pure alloy two.

[0092] S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy.

[0093] S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0094] Comparative example:

[0095] Methods for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting include:

[0096] S1. Raw material crushing: Using an alloy raw material crusher, the alloy material is divided into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. The proportion of each component in the alloy is 30% nickel, 12% chromium, 0.5% niobium, 3% tungsten, 3% titanium, 1% aluminum, 0.1% boron, 0.1% carbon, and the balance is iron.

[0097] S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into the crucible of a vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the furnace to a high vacuum state, and control the pressure to 10. -3 Pa is subjected to vacuum preheating treatment. The vacuum heating method is resistance heating, the heating temperature is 1200℃, and the treatment time is 2 hours.

[0098] S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials.

[0099] S4. Filtration: Select a ceramic filter with an 80-micron pore size. Install the ceramic filter at the outlet of crucible two to ensure that the alloy passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag, resulting in a pure alloy.

[0100] S5. Composition analysis: The pure alloy obtained in S4 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

[0101] The testing steps are as follows:

[0102] Samples from Examples 1 and 4 were selected for microstructural observation:

[0103] Sample preparation: The slag sample after sampling was ground into a disc;

[0104] Microstructural observation: Observation was performed using optical microscopes and scanning electron microscopes (SEM).

[0105] Structural features: Observe the microstructural features of the samples in Examples 1 and 4, such as grain morphology, grain boundaries, and pore structure;

[0106] Particle shape: Particle or flake-like structures were observed in the alloy materials of the samples in Examples 1 and 4, with uniform particle size.

[0107] Surface morphology: The alloy materials of the samples in Examples 1 and 4 have smooth surfaces and no obvious cracks or particle accumulation.

[0108] Particle distribution: The samples in Examples 1 and 4 have uniform particle distribution and no obvious aggregation, indicating high stability of the alloy material.

[0109] Samples are taken from the slag after smelting, the samples are ground, and then dissolved or prepared into sample solutions suitable for analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry or atomic absorption spectrometry.

[0110] The sample solution was analyzed for the content of major elements and impurity elements:

[0111] Results obtained:

[0112] Key elemental analysis: Fe, Cr, Ni, Co;

[0113] Impurity element analysis: SiO2, Al2O3, MgO;

[0114] The alloy purity in all the above embodiments and comparative examples was tested, and the data are as follows:

[0115] Example 1: Alloy composition 99.95%;

[0116] Example 2: Alloy composition 99.72%;

[0117] Example 3: Alloy composition 99.84%;

[0118] Example 4: Alloy composition 99.96%;

[0119] Example 5: Alloy composition 99.89%;

[0120] Example 6: Alloy composition 99.81%;

[0121] Comparative example: Alloy composition 96.32%.

[0122] As can be seen from the above, by optimizing the control of metal raw materials, slag treatment, slag remelting, and filtration technologies, impurities and impure substances in the alloy can be effectively removed, thereby improving the purity of the alloy. The purification method can ensure that impurities and undesirable substances in the alloy are effectively removed, thereby reducing defects in the alloy and improving the quality and reliability of the product. The improvement of alloy purity will lead to the improvement of the alloy's mechanical properties, heat resistance, and corrosion resistance, thereby increasing the alloy's application range and performance advantages.

[0123] By reducing unnecessary impurities in the alloy, the scrap rate and energy consumption in the production process can be reduced, thereby lowering production costs. The above-mentioned purification methods can improve the operating efficiency and process stability in the production process, and reduce production failures and downtime caused by impurities and impure substances.

[0124] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for purifying high-temperature alloys through vacuum melting, characterized in that, include: S1. Raw material crushing: Use an alloy raw material cutter or crusher to divide the alloy material into uniform small pieces, so that the particle size of the alloy material is controlled below 100 mesh. S2. Vacuum heat treatment: Place the alloy material into crucible one of the vacuum melting furnace, evacuate the melting furnace to a high vacuum state, and perform vacuum preheating treatment. S3. Melting: Heat the material to 2000℃~2200℃ to completely melt and thoroughly mix the alloy raw materials; S4. Slag Removal: Set up slag troughs and slag openings with an inclination angle of 30° to 50° so that the slag can be discharged smoothly. Use hydrocyclone separation or centrifugal separation methods to separate the molten alloy from the slag. Use an inert gas flow to assist in slag discharge. Use a slag spoon or vacuum slag suction device to quickly and effectively remove the slag and obtain a partially pure alloy. S5. Slag Remelting: The slag generated during the smelting step S4 is collected under vacuum conditions and placed in crucible two. The slag is heated using a resistance furnace or induction heating furnace. Heavy metal impurities in the slag are separated by pouring or using a centrifuge. S6. Slag filtration: Select a ceramic filter and install it at the outlet or pouring port of crucible two in step S5 to ensure that the slag passes through the ceramic filter before flowing out. The ceramic filter removes impurities from the slag to obtain pure alloy two. S7. Fuse the pure alloy II from S6 with the pure alloy I from S4, and repeat steps S3, S4, S5 and S6 to obtain a pure alloy. S8. Composition analysis: The pure alloy in S7 is analyzed and tested, including chemical analysis and microstructure observation.

2. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high vacuum state in S2 is 10. -2 ~10 -4 Pa, the vacuum heating method is resistance heating or induction heating.

3. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum preheating temperature range in S2 is between 800℃ and 1200℃, and the processing time is 1 to 2 hours.

4. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slag heating temperature in S5 is between 1400℃ and 1600℃.

5. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S5, crucible 2 includes either a stainless steel crucible or a ceramic crucible.

6. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ceramic filter described in S6 has a pore size between 10 and 100 micrometers and is made of a high-temperature resistant and chemically stable ceramic material, including alumina or silicon carbide.

7. The method for purifying high-temperature alloys by vacuum melting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inert gas stream is composed of argon.

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