Frame for arc-shaped concrete structure construction and construction method

Abstract

This invention provides a frame and construction method for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure, belonging to the field of concrete construction technology. It includes: a support frame and a fixing plate. The support frame comprises an upper support and a lower support arranged parallel to each other. The upper and lower supports have the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two horizontal bars connecting the two support rods. The two support rods and the two horizontal bars form a partial ring. The upper and lower supports are connected by multiple vertical rods, with both ends of each vertical rod fixed to the corresponding support rods of the upper and lower supports. A reinforcing support structure is also provided within the partial ring formed by the upper and lower supports. The reinforcing support structure consists of multiple wavy connecting rods connecting the two horizontal bars. The fixing plate is a split structure, comprising multiple panels. A splicing mechanism is provided between the panels, and the multiple panels are movably connected into a whole through the splicing mechanism. The fixing plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of concrete construction technology, and specifically relates to a frame and construction method for constructing arc-shaped concrete structures. Background Technology

[0002] Concrete structures play a vital role in modern architecture and infrastructure. From high-rise buildings to bridges, tunnels, and hydraulic engineering projects, the application of concrete structures is ubiquitous. However, the construction of curved concrete structures has always been a major challenge for the engineering community. Traditional straight formwork and support systems are ill-suited to the complex geometry of curved structures, leading to low construction efficiency, increased costs, and difficulty in ensuring the accuracy and quality of the structure.

[0003] In existing technologies, the construction of curved concrete structures mainly relies on the following methods:

[0004] 1. Custom-made wooden formwork: This method requires custom-made wooden formwork based on the specific curvature of each project. While it can achieve high precision, it is costly, and the formwork is difficult to reuse, which is not in line with the concept of sustainable development.

[0005] 2. Metal formwork system: Compared to wooden formwork, metal formwork offers better durability and reusability. However, it has limited flexibility, making it difficult to adapt to different curvatures, and its greater weight increases construction difficulty.

[0006] 3. Inflatable template: This innovative method uses an inflatable structure as a template. While offering high flexibility, it suffers from insufficient structural stability and difficulties in controlling surface quality.

[0007] 4. 3D Printing Technology: In recent years, 3D printing technology has made some progress in the field of concrete construction. However, large-scale application still faces challenges such as high equipment costs and material limitations.

[0008] These existing technologies have revealed many problems in practical applications:

[0009] First, precision control is difficult. Curved structures require high precision, but existing technologies struggle to achieve accurate positioning and support on complex curved surfaces.

[0010] Secondly, construction efficiency is low. Traditional methods often require a lot of manual adjustment and customization work, which prolongs the construction period and increases labor intensity.

[0011] Furthermore, there is a lack of adaptability. Most existing technologies are difficult to flexibly meet the needs of different curvatures and sizes, which limits their application scope.

[0012] Finally, there are potential issues with structural stability. Even minor deformations of the supporting structure during concrete pouring and setting can lead to quality problems in the final product.

[0013] Faced with these challenges, there is an urgent need for an innovative construction frame for curved concrete structures that can adapt to different curvature requirements while ensuring high precision and structural stability. This invention is a solution proposed to address this technical problem. Summary of the Invention

[0014] In view of this, the present invention provides a frame and construction method for constructing curved concrete structures, which can solve the technical problems existing in the prior art that make it difficult to adapt to different curvature requirements while ensuring high precision and structural stability.

[0015] This invention is implemented as follows:

[0016] The first aspect of the present invention provides a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure, comprising a support frame and a fixing plate. The support frame includes an upper support and a lower support arranged parallel to each other. The upper and lower supports have the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two horizontal bars connecting the two support rods. The two support rods and the two horizontal bars form a partial annulus. The upper and lower supports are connected by multiple vertical bars, and the two ends of each vertical bar are respectively fixed to the corresponding support rods of the upper and lower supports. A reinforcing support structure is also provided within the partial annulus formed by the upper and lower supports. The reinforcing support structure consists of multiple wavy connecting rods connecting the two horizontal bars. The fixing plate is a split structure, comprising multiple plates. A splicing mechanism is provided between the plates, and the multiple plates are movably connected into a whole through the splicing mechanism. The fixing plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts.

[0017] The aforementioned annular portion is an arc-shaped structure, part of a complete annular structure, specifically:

[0018] Shape: The upper support is arc-shaped, gradually curving from one end to the other to form a smooth curve;

[0019] Composition: It consists of two arc-shaped support rods of equal length, which extend along the trajectory of the arc;

[0020] Connection: The two arc-shaped support rods are connected by two crossbars to form a stable frame structure;

[0021] Size: The size of the upper support is mainly determined by its arc length, which in turn determines the length of the arc;

[0022] Height: The height of the upper support is defined by its side length, which is the straight-line distance from one end of the arc to the other.

[0023] Degree of curvature: The degree of curvature is determined by the central angle. A smaller central angle will form a gentler arc, while a larger central angle will form a more curved arc.

[0024] Opening: Since it is a partial ring, the structure has an opening, the size of which depends on the central angle;

[0025] Symmetry: This part of the ring is usually symmetrical, with its center line as the axis.

[0026] The joining mechanism is a hinge.

[0027] Furthermore, the wave-shaped connecting rod is made of T-shaped steel.

[0028] Furthermore, the support frame, support rod, crossbar, and vertical rod are all made of L-shaped steel.

[0029] Preferably, a wavy connecting rod is installed every two crossbar lengths.

[0030] Furthermore, the wavy connecting rod has its shape defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation, which is specifically expressed as follows:

[0031]

[0032] Where: x is the horizontal position coordinate of the wavy connecting rod, 0≤x≤L; y(x) is the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at position x; L is the total length of the wavy connecting rod, determined by the arc length of the upper and lower supports. L u L is the arc length of the upper support; l h is the arc length of the lower support; u h is the side length of the upper support; l N is the side length of the lower support; v The number of vertical bars; l v Let l be the length of the vertical rod. v =h u -h l W c The preset weight of the concrete; ∈ represents the overall deformation rate of the concrete before and after solidification.

[0033] The calculation steps for the shape equation specifically include:

[0034] Step 1: Determine physical parameters: L u L l h u h l N v W c E, G, σ maxδ max κ max , t avg ;

[0035] Step 2: Calculate the derived parameters: l v =h u -h l ;

[0036] Step 3: Calculate other parameters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, κ, λ, μ, σ, η, φ;

[0037] Step 4: For a given position x, calculate ω(x), k(x), and f. support (x);

[0038] Step 5: Substitute all the calculated values ​​into the shape equation to obtain the vertical offset y(x) of the wavy connecting rod at that position;

[0039] Step 6: Repeat steps 4-5 to obtain the shape of the entire wavy connecting rod.

[0040] A second aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure, comprising the following steps:

[0041] S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the dimensions and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and corrugated connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plate, bolts, and corrugated connecting rod; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary.

[0042] S20. Assemble the support frame: Assemble the upper and lower supports according to the design dimensions, and precisely connect the two arc-shaped support rods with crossbars to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical instrument to check the levelness and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0043] S30. Install the corrugated connecting rod: Based on the calculated complex shape equation, precisely manufacture the corrugated connecting rod; carefully install the corrugated connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower supports to form a reinforced support structure; check each connection point to ensure that the corrugated connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without any looseness.

[0044] S40. Fixing plate installation: Precisely connect the various sections of the split-structure fixing plate using a hinged splicing mechanism to ensure a flat and seamless splicing; use bolts to evenly fix the fixing plate to the support frame, paying attention to uniform force; use a level to check the flatness of the fixing plate to ensure overall stability.

[0045] S50. Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly to the surface of the fixing plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to design requirements, ensuring accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are in the correct position without deviation.

[0046] S60. Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the design mix ratio to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; pour concrete evenly using the layered pouring method, strictly controlling the thickness of each layer and the pouring speed; use a vibrator or other tools to fully vibrate the concrete to ensure that it is dense and free of air bubbles.

[0047] S70. Curing process: Take appropriate curing measures according to weather conditions and concrete type, including covering and watering, and regularly inspect the frame structure to ensure stability and no deformation during concrete setting; record the concrete setting condition and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work.

[0048] S80. Frame Removal: After the concrete reaches its design strength, develop a detailed removal plan; carefully remove the fixing plates first, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the corrugated connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; strictly adhere to safety regulations throughout the process, take necessary protective measures, and ensure personnel safety and the integrity of the concrete structure.

[0049] Specifically, step S10 includes:

[0050] Step 101: Use computer-aided design software to create a three-dimensional model and an accurate digital model of the curved concrete structure.

[0051] Step 102: Using parametric design methods, adjust the dimensions and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and corrugated connecting rod;

[0052] Step 103: Select high-strength steel to make support frame components, select corrosion-resistant alloy steel plates to make fixing plates, and select high-strength bolts and special alloy steel to make corrugated connecting rods.

[0053] Step 104: Use a total station and level to conduct precise measurements of the construction site to ensure that the ground flatness error is within the specified range;

[0054] Step 105: Level the uneven areas using self-leveling cement grout, and control the thickness of the leveling layer.

[0055] Step 106: If necessary, perform foundation reinforcement treatment and use cement mixing pile technology to improve the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0056] Specifically, step S20 includes:

[0057] Step 201: Use a CNC cutting machine to precisely process each component of the upper and lower supports, and use a CNC pipe bending machine to process the arc-shaped support rods;

[0058] Step 202: Use a laser cutter to cut the crossbars, ensuring the precision is within the specified range;

[0059] Step 203: Employ precision alignment technology and use a laser positioning device to ensure the relative positions of each component;

[0060] Step 204: Use high-strength welding to connect the arc-shaped support rod and the crossbar, and perform X-ray non-destructive testing to ensure the quality of the weld;

[0061] Step 205: Use a total station to locate the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertical pole, and use high-strength bolts to connect the vertical pole to the upper and lower supports;

[0062] Step 206: Use a high-precision electronic level and verticality gauge to check the levelness and verticality of the support frame, and make precise adjustments using a fine-tuning mechanism.

[0063] Specifically, step S30 includes:

[0064] Step 301: Design the shape of the wavy connecting rod using the Fourier series expansion method, and determine the specific parameters by fitting the design curve using the least squares method.

[0065] Step 302: Use CNC wire cutting technology to manufacture the wavy connecting rod and perform surface roll forming to strengthen it;

[0066] Step 303: Use 3D laser scanning technology to measure the support frame in real time and generate point cloud data;

[0067] Step 304: Fit the spatial surface equation of the actual support frame using the least squares method, and calculate the precise spatial coordinates of each connection point;

[0068] Step 305: Install the wave-shaped connecting rod using a high-precision robot-assisted positioning system, and connect it using a specially designed quick-locking device;

[0069] Step 306: Perform non-destructive testing on each connection point using acoustic emission testing technology, and measure the deformation of the overall structure using a laser interferometer.

[0070] Specifically, step S40 includes:

[0071] Step 401: Using the modular design principle, the fixed plate is divided into standardized panels, and the panel size is calculated through an optimization algorithm;

[0072] Step 402: Connect the plates using a patented hinge assembly mechanism and apply uniform pressure using a hydraulic clamp;

[0073] Step 403: Use a laser flatness measuring instrument to check the flatness of the fixing plate and make precise adjustments using fine-tuning bolts;

[0074] Step 404: The fixing plate and the support frame are connected by prestressed bolts. The number and distribution of bolts are determined by finite element analysis.

[0075] Step 405: Tighten the bolts using a multi-stage fastening method and a spiral fastening strategy, and use an ultrasonic stress measuring instrument to monitor the bolt stress in real time.

[0076] Step 406: Install strain gauges at key locations on the fixed plate to monitor stress state, and use a high-precision inclinometer to measure the overall tilt of the fixed plate.

[0077] Specifically, step S50 includes:

[0078] Step 501: Apply a nano-level release agent to the surface of the fixing plate using electrostatic spraying technology, and measure the coating thickness using a laser film thickness gauge;

[0079] Step 502: Install the reinforcing mesh using computer-aided positioning technology and scan the actual surface of the fixing plate using a 3D laser scanner;

[0080] Step 503: Use an automatic binding robot to bind the rebar mesh, and control the binding strength by torque;

[0081] Step 504: Install smart sensors in key locations, including strain sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors;

[0082] Step 505: Use 3D laser scanning technology to scan the entire structure and generate a high-precision 3D model;

[0083] Step 506: Use the iterative nearest point algorithm to calculate the deviation between the actual model and the design model, and make precise adjustments if necessary.

[0084] Specifically, step S60 includes:

[0085] Step 601: Design an experimental scheme for concrete mix proportion using the orthogonal experimental method, and establish a mathematical model of concrete performance and various factors using the response surface methodology.

[0086] Step 602: Prepare concrete using an intelligent mixing plant and mix it using a twin-shaft forced mixer;

[0087] Step 603: Concrete is poured using a layered pouring method, and the pouring location is monitored in real time using a GPS positioning system.

[0088] Step 604: Use an intelligent variable frequency vibrator for compaction, with the vibration frequency automatically adjusted according to the concrete slump.

[0089] Step 605: Use a laser rangefinder to monitor template deformation in real time, and adjust the support structure if necessary;

[0090] Step 606: Use an infrared thermal imager to monitor the internal temperature field distribution of the concrete to prevent temperature stress cracking.

[0091] Specifically, step S70 includes:

[0092] Step 701: Use the heat of hydration model to predict the temperature change curve of concrete and formulate a detailed curing plan;

[0093] Step 702: Use an intelligent sprinkler system for maintenance, and adjust the spray volume and frequency in real time using temperature and humidity sensors;

[0094] Step 703: Use a robot to automatically lay a polyethylene film to cover the concrete surface to prevent moisture from evaporating too quickly;

[0095] Step 704: Monitor the shrinkage deformation of the concrete surface using digital image correlation method and adjust the curing parameters in real time;

[0096] Step 705: Continuously monitor the temperature, humidity and stress state inside the concrete using the embedded smart sensor network;

[0097] Step 706: Install high-precision tilt sensors and displacement sensors at key nodes to assess the stability of the frame structure.

[0098] Specifically, step S80 includes:

[0099] Step 801: Determine the timing of formwork removal based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data, and conduct non-destructive testing using the rebound method and ultrasonic method;

[0100] Step 802: Use project management software to develop a detailed demolition plan and use the critical path method to determine the demolition sequence;

[0101] Step 803: Remove the fixing plate using hydraulic jacking technology, and record the entire process using a high-speed camera;

[0102] Step 804: Apply a special buffer material to the contact surface between the fixing plate and the concrete, and use ultrasonic cutting technology to precisely separate them if necessary;

[0103] Step 805: Dismantle the wavy connecting rod using robot-assisted technology, using a robot arm equipped with a force feedback system;

[0104] Step 806: Dismantle the support frame using a graded unloading method and monitor the structural strain using fiber optic grating sensors.

[0105] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of the frame and construction method for constructing arc-shaped concrete structures provided by this invention are:

[0106] 1. Significantly improved precision control:

[0107] This invention employs an upper and lower support structure, connected by multiple vertical rods, to form a stable three-dimensional support system. This design significantly enhances the overall rigidity of the frame and effectively reduces deformation during concrete pouring. In particular, the introduction of the corrugated connecting rods not only provides additional support but also compensates for stress changes during concrete solidification through dynamic adjustment of their unique shape, thereby achieving higher precision geometric control.

[0108] 2. Construction efficiency is significantly improved:

[0109] The modular design of this invention makes the assembly, adjustment, and disassembly of the frame quick and easy. The standardized components of the support frame can be flexibly combined according to different project needs, greatly reducing on-site customization and adjustment time. The split structure and assembly mechanism of the fixing plate further enhance the system's flexibility, enabling the construction team to quickly adapt to the actual conditions of the construction site.

[0110] 3. Significantly enhanced adaptability:

[0111] The introduction of the wavy connecting rod is a major highlight of this invention. By adjusting the wavy parameters of the connecting rod, the frame can adapt to various curvature requirements, from small to large radii. This high degree of adjustability allows the same frame system to be applied to various types of curved structure projects, such as arch bridges, circular water towers, and curved walls.

[0112] 4. Significantly improved structural stability:

[0113] The overall frame design of this invention, particularly the application of wave-shaped connecting rods, greatly enhances the stability of the supporting structure. The wave shape not only provides a larger support area but also distributes stress more evenly. This design allows the frame to better resist dynamic loads during concrete pouring, reducing the risk of structural deformation.

[0114] In summary, the frame for constructing curved concrete structures provided by this invention solves the technical problem of existing technologies that make it difficult to adapt to different curvature requirements while ensuring high precision and structural stability. Attached Figure Description

[0115] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure provided by the present invention;

[0116] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of the fixed plate;

[0117] Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating a construction method for a frame used in the construction of an arc-shaped concrete structure, provided by the present invention.

[0118] In the accompanying drawings, the components represented by the reference numerals are as follows:

[0119] 10. Support frame; 11. Support rod; 12. Horizontal bar; 13. Vertical bar; 14. Wave-shaped connecting rod; 20. Fixing plate; 21. Plate; 22. Assembly mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0120] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0121] like Figure 1-2 The diagram shows a structural schematic of a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure provided by the present invention. It includes a support frame and a fixing plate. The support frame includes an upper support and a lower support arranged parallel to each other. The upper and lower supports have the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two horizontal bars connecting the two support rods. The two support rods and the two horizontal bars form a partial ring. The upper and lower supports are connected by multiple vertical rods, with both ends of each vertical rod fixed to the corresponding support rods of the upper and lower supports. A reinforcing support structure is also provided within the partial ring formed by the upper and lower supports. The reinforcing support structure consists of multiple wavy connecting rods connecting the two horizontal bars. The fixing plate is a split structure, including multiple panels. A splicing mechanism is provided between the panels, and the multiple panels are movably connected into a whole through the splicing mechanism. The fixing plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts.

[0122] The wavy connecting rod has its shape defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation, which is specifically expressed as follows:

[0123]

[0124] Where: x is the horizontal position coordinate of the wavy connecting rod (unit: meters), 0≤x≤L; y(x) is the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at position x (unit: meters); L is the total length of the wavy connecting rod (unit: meters), determined by the arc length of the upper and lower supports. L u L is the arc length of the upper support (unit: meters); l h is the arc length of the lower support (unit: meters); u h is the side length of the upper support (unit: meters); l N is the side length of the lower support (unit: meters);v The number of vertical bars; l v The length of the vertical rod (in meters), l v =h u -h l W c The preset weight of the concrete (unit: N / m); ∈ represents the overall deformation rate of the concrete before and after solidification (dimensionless), determined experimentally.

[0125] Parameter description:

[0126]

[0127] n: wave number, usually 3 or 5;

[0128] Factors affecting the shape of the upper support;

[0129] Factors affecting the shape of the lower support;

[0130]

[0131] Influencing factors of vertical rod shape;

[0132] Main wave amplitude coefficient (unit: meters);

[0133] σ max Maximum permissible stress (unit: Pa), determined by material properties;

[0134] E: Elastic modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material (unit: Pascal);

[0135] Phase offset (unit: radians);

[0136] Attenuation coefficient (unit: 1 / m);

[0137] (Damping ratio, typically between 0.01 and 0.1, is determined by the material properties;)

[0138] B = 0.5A: Secondary wave amplitude coefficient (unit: meters);

[0139] Growth coefficient (unit: 1 / meter);

[0140] Nonlinear adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0141] δ max The maximum allowable deformation (unit: meters) is determined by design requirements;

[0142] Nonlinear factor (unit: 1 / m);

[0143] Curvature adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0144] κ max Maximum curvature (unit: 1 / meter) is determined by design requirements;

[0145] Curvature factor (unit: 1 / meter);

[0146] E = |K c |: Coefficient of complex terms (unit: meter);

[0147] K c =E+iG: Complex stiffness of the wavy connecting rod;

[0148] G: Shear modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material (unit: Pascal);

[0149] n = 3: complex power;

[0150] Discrete adjustment coefficient (unit: meter);

[0151] t avg Average thickness of the wavy connecting rod (unit: meters);

[0152] m = 10: Number of discrete terms;

[0153] G = 1: Deflection adjustment coefficient (dimensionless);

[0154] Complex fluctuation adjustment coefficient (unit: 1 / meter);

[0155] Complex fluctuation amplitude (dimensionless);

[0156] Complex ripple frequency (unit: 1 / meter);

[0157]

[0158] Upper support shape adjustment coefficient;

[0159] Lower bracket shape adjustment coefficient;

[0160] Vertical support influence coefficient;

[0161] δ(x): Dirac delta function;

[0162] Overall influence coefficient of stent shape (unit: 1 / N);

[0163] I: Moment of inertia of the wavy connecting rod (unit: m^4), calculated from the cross-sectional shape.

[0164] like Figure 3 As shown, a second aspect of the present invention provides a construction method for a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure, comprising the following steps:

[0165] S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the dimensions and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and corrugated connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plate, bolts, and corrugated connecting rod; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary.

[0166] S20. Assemble the support frame: Assemble the upper and lower supports according to the design dimensions, and precisely connect the two arc-shaped support rods with crossbars to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical instrument to check the levelness and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure.

[0167] S30. Install the corrugated connecting rod: Based on the calculated complex shape equation, precisely manufacture the corrugated connecting rod; carefully install the corrugated connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower supports to form a reinforced support structure; check each connection point to ensure that the corrugated connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without any looseness.

[0168] S40. Fixing plate installation: Precisely connect the various sections of the split-structure fixing plate using a hinged splicing mechanism to ensure a flat and seamless splicing; use bolts to evenly fix the fixing plate to the support frame, paying attention to uniform force; use a level to check the flatness of the fixing plate to ensure overall stability.

[0169] S50. Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly to the surface of the fixing plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to design requirements, ensuring accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are in the correct position without deviation.

[0170] S60. Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the design mix ratio to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; pour concrete evenly using the layered pouring method, strictly controlling the thickness of each layer and the pouring speed; use a vibrator or other tools to fully vibrate the concrete to ensure that it is dense and free of air bubbles.

[0171] S70. Curing process: Take appropriate curing measures according to weather conditions and concrete type, including covering and watering, and regularly inspect the frame structure to ensure stability and no deformation during concrete setting; record the concrete setting condition and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work.

[0172] S80. Frame Removal: After the concrete reaches its design strength, develop a detailed removal plan; carefully remove the fixing plates first, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the corrugated connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; strictly adhere to safety regulations throughout the process, take necessary protective measures, and ensure personnel safety and the integrity of the concrete structure.

[0173] The specific implementation methods of the above steps are described in detail below:

[0174] The specific implementation of step S10 is as follows: First, a detailed drawing review is conducted. This process uses computer-aided design (CAD) software to create an accurate digital model of the curved concrete structure using 3D modeling technology. By using parametric design methods, the dimensions and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and corrugated connecting rod can be quickly adjusted to adapt to different engineering needs. Specifically, the dimensions of the support frame are typically designed to be 1.2 times the total height of the structure to ensure sufficient support strength. The thickness of the fixing plate is generally selected as 10-20 mm, depending on the scale and load-bearing requirements of the concrete structure. The wavelength and amplitude of the corrugated connecting rod are determined based on the results of finite element analysis, typically with a wavelength between 500-1000 mm and an amplitude of 5%-10% of the wavelength.

[0175] Next, material preparation is carried out. The supporting structural components are made of high-strength steel with a yield strength of not less than 345 MPa to ensure sufficient rigidity and load-bearing capacity. The fixing plates are made of corrosion-resistant alloy steel plates with rust-proof surface treatment. Bolts are 10.9 grade high-strength bolts, with diameters determined based on load calculations, typically between M16 and M24. The corrugated connecting rods are made of special alloy steel with an elastic modulus of not less than 200 GPa to provide sufficient elastic deformation capacity and structural strength.

[0176] Finally, a site inspection is conducted. A total station and level are used to precisely measure the site, ensuring the ground flatness error does not exceed ±5 mm / m. If uneven areas are found, self-leveling cement grout is used for leveling, with the leveling layer thickness controlled between 20-50 mm. If necessary, foundation reinforcement is carried out, such as using cement mixing pile technology. The pile length is typically 1.5-2 times the thickness of the soft soil layer, and the pile diameter is 300-500 mm, to improve the foundation bearing capacity.

[0177] The specific implementation of step S20 is as follows: First, according to the dimensional requirements of the design drawings, each component of the upper and lower supports is precisely machined using a CNC cutting machine. The arc-shaped support rods are machined using a CNC pipe bending machine, with the bending radius accuracy controlled within ±1 mm. The length of the crossbars is calculated based on the chord length between the arc-shaped support rods and cut using a laser cutting machine, with accuracy controlled within ±0.5 mm.

[0178] During assembly, precision alignment technology is employed, and a laser positioning device is used to ensure the relative positions of each component. The connection between the arc-shaped support rod and the crossbar is achieved through high-strength welding, with a weld quality grade of no less than level two. After welding, X-ray non-destructive testing is performed to ensure weld quality. At the connection points, strain gauges are used to monitor stress distribution, ensuring that the stress concentration factor does not exceed 2.5.

[0179] The installation of the vertical poles employs precision positioning technology, using a total station for three-dimensional coordinate positioning, with positioning accuracy controlled within ±1 mm. The connection between the vertical poles and the upper and lower supports uses high-strength bolts. The bolt preload is controlled using the torque method, with the torque value calculated based on the bolt diameter and strength grade, generally controlled within 90%-110% of the design torque.

[0180] After installation, use a high-precision electronic level and plumb line to check the levelness and verticality of the support frame. The permissible deviation for levelness is no more than 1 / 1000, and the permissible deviation for verticality is no more than 1 / 2000 of the height. If any deviation exceeds the limits, use a fine-tuning mechanism for precise adjustment. During the adjustment process, use an iterative method, with each adjustment not exceeding 1 / 3 of the total deviation, to avoid structural stress caused by over-adjustment.

[0181] The specific implementation of step S30 is as follows: First, a corrugated connecting rod is designed based on the calculated complex shape equation. The corrugated connecting rod is manufactured using CNC wire cutting technology, with machining accuracy controlled within ±0.05 mm. To improve the fatigue strength of the connecting rod, surface rolling strengthening treatment is adopted, with the rolling depth controlled within 0.2-0.5 mm, increasing the surface hardness by 20%-30%.

[0182] During installation, 3D laser scanning technology is used to measure the support frame in real time, generating point cloud data. Then, the least squares method is used to fit the spatial surface equation of the actual support frame. The curve equation of the theoretical wavy connecting rod is optimally matched with the actual support frame surface to calculate the precise spatial coordinates of each connection point.

[0183] The connection process employs a high-precision robot-assisted positioning system, achieving a positioning accuracy of ±0.1 mm. The connection utilizes a specially designed quick-locking device, with the locking force controlled by a torque wrench. The torque value is set to 105%-110% of the theoretically calculated value to compensate for any potential loosening.

[0184] After installation, acoustic emission testing is used to perform non-destructive testing on each connection point, with a testing frequency range of 100kHz-1MHz, to detect any potential micro-cracks or loosening. If any abnormalities are found, adjustments or replacements are made immediately. Finally, a laser interferometer is used to measure the deformation of the overall structure, ensuring that the maximum deformation under the design load does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the support frame height.

[0185] The specific implementation of step S40 is as follows: First, using a modular design principle, the fixed plate is divided into several standardized panels. The dimensions of each panel are calculated using an optimization algorithm to minimize the number of seams and maximize the panel strength. Typically, the area of ​​a single panel is controlled between 2 and 4 square meters.

[0186] The panels are joined using a patented hinge mechanism. This mechanism includes precision-machined tenons with a machining accuracy controlled within ±0.01 mm. During the joining process, hydraulic clamps apply uniform pressure, the pressure value of which is determined through stress-strain analysis and is generally controlled between 5-10 MPa.

[0187] After assembly, the flatness of the fixing plate is checked using a laser flatness measuring instrument. Measurement is performed using a grid method, with a grid spacing of no more than 100 mm. The maximum allowable flatness deviation is 0.5 mm / m. If local unevenness is found, precise adjustments are made using fine-tuning bolts; the adjustment amount is calculated using an interpolation algorithm.

[0188] The connection between the fixing plate and the support frame uses prestressed bolts. The number and distribution of bolts are determined through finite element analysis to ensure uniform stress distribution. The magnitude of the pre-tightening force is calculated based on the maximum hydrostatic pressure during concrete pouring, typically taken as 1.2-1.5 times the theoretical value. The pre-tightening process employs a multi-stage tightening method, with each tightening torque increment not exceeding 20% ​​of the final design value to avoid stress concentration.

[0189] The bolts are tightened using a spiral tightening strategy, starting from the center and working outwards to ensure uniform stress distribution. During the tightening process, an ultrasonic stress meter is used to monitor the bolt stress in real time, controlling the error to within ±5%. Simultaneously, strain gauges are installed at key locations on the fixing plate to monitor its stress state, ensuring that the maximum stress does not exceed 60% of the material's yield strength.

[0190] Finally, use a high-precision inclinometer to measure the overall tilt of the fixing plate; the maximum allowable tilt angle should not exceed 0.1 degrees. If the tilt exceeds the limit, the levelness and verticality of the support frame need to be readjusted until the requirements are met.

[0191] The specific implementation of step S50 is as follows: First, a release agent is applied to the surface of the fixing plate. A nano-sized release agent is selected, with a particle size controlled between 50-100 nanometers to ensure uniform coverage and good release effect. Electrostatic spraying technology is used for application, with the spraying pressure controlled at 0.3-0.5 MPa and the spraying distance at 200-300 mm to ensure uniform atomization. The coating thickness is measured using a laser thickness gauge and controlled to be between 15-20 micrometers.

[0192] The installation of the reinforcing mesh employs computer-aided positioning technology. First, a 3D laser scanner is used to scan the actual surface of the fixing plate, generating high-precision point cloud data. Then, the equation of the actual surface is fitted using the least squares method. The theoretical reinforcing mesh layout is optimally matched with the actual surface, and the precise 3D coordinates of each reinforcing bar intersection are calculated.

[0193] The rebar mesh is tied using an automated tying robot with a positioning accuracy of ±1 mm. The stress analysis of the tying points is performed using the finite element method to determine the optimal tying position and spacing. Typically, the spacing between main bars is controlled at 100-150 mm, and the spacing between distribution bars is 150-200 mm. The tying strength is controlled by torque, generally set at 1.5-2.0 N·m.

[0194] To improve the overall performance of concrete structures, smart sensors are embedded in key areas. These include strain sensors, temperature sensors, and humidity sensors. The optimal locations for the sensors are determined using orthogonal experimental design, typically with 1-2 sensors per 10 square meters. The sensors are connected to a central monitoring system via a wireless network to monitor the stress state and curing conditions of the concrete in real time.

[0195] Finally, a comprehensive inspection is conducted. The entire structure is scanned using 3D laser scanning technology to generate a high-precision 3D model. The actual model is compared with the design model, and the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is used to calculate the deviation. The maximum allowable deviation does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the design dimension. If any local deviation exceeds the limit, precise adjustments are required, and the adjustment amount is calculated using reverse engineering algorithms.

[0196] The specific implementation method of step S60 is as follows: First, design the concrete mix proportion according to structural requirements and environmental conditions. An orthogonal experimental design is used to consider factors such as cement type, water-cement ratio, admixture type and dosage. A mathematical model of concrete performance and various factors is established using response surface methodology to optimize the mix proportion. Generally, the water-cement ratio is controlled between 0.35 and 0.45, and the cement dosage is 350-450 kg / m³. 3 The amount of additives is 0.8%-1.2% of the total amount of adhesive material.

[0197] Concrete preparation utilizes an intelligent mixing plant. The metering accuracy of raw materials is: cement and admixtures ±1%, aggregates ±2%, water ±1%, and additives ±2%. Mixing employs a twin-shaft forced mixer, and the mixing time is determined through acoustic monitoring, typically controlled within 60-90 seconds.

[0198] The pouring process employs a layered pouring method, with each layer controlled to a thickness of 300-500 mm. The pouring speed is calculated based on pump pressure and concrete fluidity, typically controlled at 0.3-0.5 m / h. To ensure uniformity, a GPS positioning system is used to monitor the pouring location in real time, ensuring that the height difference between pouring areas does not exceed 100 mm.

[0199] The vibration is performed using an intelligent variable frequency vibrator, with the vibration frequency automatically adjusted according to the concrete slump, typically between 150-200Hz. Vibration time is monitored by an acoustic emission sensor; vibration stops when the acoustic emission signal stabilizes, usually after 15-25 seconds. The spacing between vibration points is 1.5 times the radius of action of the vibrator to ensure overlapping vibration areas.

[0200] During the pouring process, a laser rangefinder is used to monitor the deformation of the formwork in real time. The maximum allowable deformation does not exceed 1 / 1000 of the span. If excessive deformation is detected, the supporting structure needs to be adjusted promptly. At the same time, an infrared thermal imager is used to monitor the internal temperature field distribution of the concrete to ensure that the temperature difference between different parts does not exceed 20℃, in order to prevent temperature stress cracking.

[0201] The specific implementation of step S70 is as follows: First, based on meteorological data and concrete mix proportions, a hydration heat model is used to predict the temperature change curve of the concrete. Based on the prediction results, a detailed curing plan is formulated. Typically, curing begins 2-4 hours after the initial setting of the concrete and lasts for no less than 7 days.

[0202] The curing process utilizes an intelligent sprinkler system, incorporating temperature and humidity sensors to adjust the spray volume and frequency in real time. The spray water temperature is controlled within ±5℃ of the concrete surface temperature to avoid sudden temperature changes. The spray pressure is automatically adjusted using a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control algorithm, typically maintained between 0.2-0.3 MPa to ensure uniform water mist coverage.

[0203] To prevent excessive moisture evaporation, a polyethylene film is applied to the concrete surface. The film is automatically laid by a robot, ensuring a wrinkle-free and bubble-free finish. The film thickness is selected to be 0.1-0.2 mm, and the light transmittance is controlled between 10% and 20%, providing both moisture retention and adequate light exposure. The covering time is determined based on the concrete strength grade, typically 3-7 days.

[0204] During the curing process, non-contact measurement technology is used to monitor the shrinkage deformation of the concrete surface. Digital image correlation (DIC) is used, employing a high-resolution camera to capture minute surface deformations. Sampling is performed hourly with an accuracy of 0.01 mm. Based on the measurement results, curing parameters are adjusted in real time, such as increasing the spraying frequency or adjusting the covering material.

[0205] Simultaneously, an embedded smart sensor network continuously monitors the temperature, humidity, and stress state inside the concrete. Data acquisition is set to occur every 10 minutes. A neural network algorithm is used to analyze the data in real time, predicting the concrete's strength development and potential cracking risks. If any anomalies are detected, the system will automatically adjust the curing strategy or issue an alarm.

[0206] To assess the stability of the frame structure, high-precision tilt and displacement sensors were installed at key nodes. A Kalman filter algorithm was used to process the sensor data to eliminate noise. The maximum permissible tilt angle was 0.1 degrees, and the maximum displacement did not exceed 1 / 1000 of the support height. If these thresholds were exceeded, an emergency plan was immediately activated, such as adding temporary supports or adjusting the support force.

[0207] The setting process and overall deformation rate of concrete were recorded in detail. Regression analysis was used to establish a model relating concrete strength to its age. Typically, the strength development curve can be represented by the following formula:

[0208]

[0209] Among them, f c (t) represents the concrete strength at age t, f c28 The standard curing strength is 28 days, where s is the cement strength grade coefficient and t is the concrete age (days).

[0210] By monitoring data in real time, we continuously optimize model parameters and improve prediction accuracy.

[0211] The specific implementation of step S80 is as follows: First, based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data, determine the timing of formwork removal. Generally, it is required that the concrete strength reaches 75%-80% of the design strength. Non-destructive testing is performed using the rebound method and ultrasonic method to verify whether the strength meets the requirements. The testing points are arranged using a stratified sampling method, with no less than 10 testing points per 100 square meters.

[0212] A detailed demolition plan was developed, and project management software was used to optimize schedule and resources. The Critical Path Method (CPM) was used to determine the demolition sequence to minimize demolition time and resource consumption. During the demolition process, a laser scanner was used to monitor structural deformation in real time, with the maximum allowable deformation not exceeding 1 / 2000 of the span.

[0213] The removal of the fixing plate employs hydraulic jacking technology, applying force slowly and evenly to avoid impact loads. The jacking force is monitored in real time using strain gauges and controlled within 80%-90% of the design value. The removal speed is controlled at 1-2 mm / min to ensure stability. A high-speed camera records the entire process during removal to aid in subsequent analysis and improvement.

[0214] To protect the concrete surface, a special cushioning material is applied to the contact surface between the fixing plate and the concrete. This material is composed of nanoscale polymers and microspheres, with a thickness controlled at 0.5-1 mm. It can absorb minute shear forces, preventing scratches on the concrete surface. If localized adhesion is found, ultrasonic cutting technology is used for precise separation, with the cutting depth controlled at 0.1-0.2 mm.

[0215] The disassembly of the wavy connecting rod employs robot-assisted technology. A robotic arm equipped with a force feedback system precisely controls the disassembly force and angle. The disassembly torque is monitored in real time by a torque sensor and controlled within 70%-80% of the design value. In case of jamming, the system automatically adjusts the force and angle to avoid damaging the connecting structure.

[0216] The support frame was dismantled using a staged unloading method. First, hydraulic jacks were used to replace some of the support points, then the hydraulic pressure was gradually released to achieve slow unloading of the structure. The unloading speed was controlled at 1%-2% of the structure's own weight per hour. During the unloading process, fiber optic grating sensors were used to monitor structural strain, ensuring that the strain value did not exceed 90% of the design value.

[0217] Safety measures during the demolition process include: setting up a safety isolation zone extending 1.5 times the construction height; workers wearing smart safety helmets equipped with built-in positioning systems and vital sign monitors; using drones for comprehensive monitoring and real-time transmission of high-definition video streams; equipping the site with emergency rescue equipment, such as air cushions and rescue ladders, and conducting regular drills.

[0218] Finally, a comprehensive inspection of the demolished concrete structure was conducted. A high-precision point cloud model was generated using 3D laser scanning technology and compared with the design model. The least squares method was used to fit the actual surface equations, and the geometric errors were calculated. The maximum allowable error did not exceed 1 / 500 of the design dimension. Simultaneously, the impact echo method was used to detect internal defects in the structure, such as cracks or voids. The detection frequency was 50-100kHz, and the detection depth reached 300 mm.

[0219] Through the detailed implementation methods described above, high-precision assembly, stable support, accurate pouring, and safe dismantling of the frame used in the construction of curved concrete structures can be ensured, thereby guaranteeing the quality and performance of the final concrete structure. The entire process integrates multiple advanced technologies, such as computer-aided design, CNC machining, laser measurement, intelligent sensor networks, and robot-assisted construction, reflecting the intelligent and refined characteristics of modern engineering construction. Simultaneously, the application of various mathematical models and algorithms, such as finite element analysis, optimization algorithms, and neural network prediction, enables precise control and dynamic optimization of the construction process, significantly improving construction efficiency and quality.

[0220] Specifically, the principle of this invention is:

[0221] 1. Principles of Structural Mechanics:

[0222] The core of this invention lies in its unique support frame design. Parallel supports, connected by multiple vertical rods, form a three-dimensional truss structure. This design, based on the spatial stiffness theory of structural mechanics, effectively disperses and transfers loads. In particular, the partially circular structure formed by two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two horizontal rods not only precisely matches the shape of the curved concrete structure but also provides uniform support force. This design significantly improves the overall structural stability and load-bearing capacity.

[0223] 2. Combination of wave mechanics and mechanics of materials:

[0224] The design of the wavy connecting rod is a major innovation of this invention. This design is based on the integrated application of wave mechanics and materials mechanics. The wavy shape increases the effective length of the connecting rod, improves its elastic deformation capacity, and maintains sufficient stiffness. This characteristic allows the connecting rod to dynamically adjust its shape during concrete pouring and solidification to adapt to stress changes. The wavy shape also distributes stress more evenly, reducing stress concentration and thus lowering the risk of structural failure.

[0225] 3. Dynamic Response Theory:

[0226] The frame design of this invention takes into account the dynamic load changes during concrete pouring. The shape equation of the corrugated connecting rod incorporates time-varying parameters, enabling it to simulate and respond to stress changes during the transition of concrete from a liquid to a solid state. This dynamic responsiveness allows the frame to maintain optimal support throughout construction, minimizing deformation and displacement.

[0227] 4. Modular design principle:

[0228] The modular design of the framework is based on the principles of systems engineering. Standardized component design allows the framework to be flexibly combined according to the needs of different projects. This not only improves construction efficiency but also enhances the system's adaptability. The modular design also facilitates maintenance and replacement, extending the overall system's lifespan.

[0229] 5. Mathematical Modeling and Optimization:

[0230] The shape equation of the wavy connecting rod is a complex mathematical model that incorporates multiple parameters to describe and control its shape. This equation considers factors such as the geometry of the upper and lower supports, the arrangement of the vertical members, the expected weight of the concrete, and material properties. By adjusting these parameters, the shape of the connecting rod can be optimized for different construction needs, achieving the best support effect.

[0231] 6. Principles of Materials Science:

[0232] This invention fully considers the characteristics of concrete, especially its volume changes and stress development during the transition from a liquid to a solid state. The frame design, particularly the corrugated connecting rods, adapts to these material properties, providing dynamic support and reducing the risk of cracking and deformation.

[0233] 7. Computer-Aided Design and Analysis:

[0234] The design of the complex frame structure and wavy connecting rods relies on advanced computer-aided design (CAD) and finite element analysis (FEA) technologies. These technologies allow designers to simulate and optimize the frame's performance in a virtual environment, significantly improving the accuracy and reliability of the design.

[0235] To better understand and implement this invention, a specific application scenario is provided below: This embodiment describes a frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure for the roof of a large stadium. The stadium is designed to be elliptical, with an arc-shaped concrete roof spanning 120 meters, a major axis of 180 meters, and a minor axis of 150 meters. The highest point of the roof is located at the center, with a height of 35 meters, and the edge height is 25 meters. The entire roof consists of eight identical arc-shaped concrete structural units, each covering a central angle of 45 degrees. This embodiment details the construction process of one of the units.

[0236] 1. Framework Design

[0237] Support frame design:

[0238] Upper support: Arc length (L) u ): 47.5 meters; Lateral side length (h) u ): 45 meters; two arc-shaped support rods: hollow steel pipes with a diameter of 0.3 meters and a wall thickness of 20 millimeters; two crossbars: solid steel bars with a length of 15.5 meters and a diameter of 0.25 meters;

[0239] Lower support: Arc length (L) l ): 42.5 meters; side length (h) l ): 40 meters; two arc-shaped support rods: hollow steel pipes with a diameter of 0.3 meters and a wall thickness of 20 millimeters; two crossbars: solid steel bars with a length of 14 meters and a diameter of 0.25 meters;

[0240] Vertical rods: Quantity (N) v ): 10 pieces; length (l) v A solid steel bar, 5 meters long and 0.2 meters in diameter.

[0241] Wave-shaped connecting rod: Quantity: 5 pieces; Length (L): 45 meters (average of the arc length of the upper and lower supports); Material: High-strength alloy steel, elastic modulus (E) is 210GPa; Cross section: Rectangular, 0.1 meters wide and 0.2 meters high;

[0242] Fixed plate: Material: carbon fiber reinforced composite material; Thickness: 15 mm; Split structure: 20 plates in total, each approximately 2.25 square meters; Assembly mechanism: hinged type, with 3 hinges between each plate;

[0243] 2. Construction Preparation

[0244] a) Site preparation:

[0245] Clear the construction site and ensure the ground is level. Use a total station to measure; the allowable elevation difference should not exceed ±5 mm.

[0246] Foundation reinforcement was carried out using cement mixing pile technology. The piles are 12 meters long, 400 millimeters in diameter, and spaced 1.5 meters apart.

[0247] A 25 cm thick reinforced concrete foundation slab with a strength grade of C40 was poured.

[0248] b) Material preparation:

[0249] Support structure components: prefabricated according to design dimensions, using high-strength steel Q345 with a yield strength of not less than 345MPa.

[0250] Corrugated connecting rod: Made of high-strength alloy steel with a yield strength of not less than 690MPa.

[0251] Fixing plate: Made of carbon fiber reinforced composite material with a tensile strength of not less than 1000MPa.

[0252] Bolts: 10.9 grade high-strength bolts, M24 diameter.

[0253] Concrete: The design strength grade is C50, and admixtures such as silica fume are selected to improve strength and density.

[0254] c) Equipment preparation:

[0255] Large cranes: lifting capacity of not less than 100 tons;

[0256] Aerial work platform: Maximum working height 40 meters;

[0257] Laser rangefinders and total stations: accuracy ±1 mm;

[0258] Automatic welding equipment: capable of performing high-quality welding operations;

[0259] Concrete pump truck: pumping height not less than 40 meters;

[0260] Intelligent spray maintenance system: can automatically adjust the spray volume and frequency according to temperature and humidity;

[0261] 3. Frame Installation

[0262] a) Installation of the lower bracket:

[0263] Use a total station to mark the precise location of the lower support on the ground.

[0264] Two curved support rods were hoisted into place and temporarily secured using a large crane.

[0265] Install two crossbars and weld them to the curved support rod with high strength. The weld quality level shall not be lower than level two.

[0266] Use a laser level to check the levelness of the support frame; the allowable deviation should not exceed 3 mm.

[0267] b) Vertical pole installation:

[0268] Mark 10 vertical pole installation points on the lower support, spaced approximately 4.25 meters apart.

[0269] The vertical poles were hoisted into place one by one and then welded and fixed to the lower support.

[0270] Use a total station to check the verticality of each vertical pole; the allowable deviation is no more than 2 mm / m.

[0271] c) Mounting on the upper bracket:

[0272] The two arc-shaped support rods of the upper bracket were hoisted into place and temporarily fixed to the top of the vertical rod.

[0273] The two horizontal bars of the bracket are installed and welded to the arc-shaped support rod with high strength.

[0274] Use a total station to check the height and levelness of the upper support. The allowable height deviation is no more than 5 mm and the levelness deviation is no more than 4 mm.

[0275] d) Installation of the corrugated connecting rod:

[0276] Based on the design equations, five wavy connecting rods were precisely manufactured using a CNC machining center.

[0277] Wave-shaped connecting rods are installed sequentially from the center outwards. Each connecting rod has 10 connection points, which are welded to the upper and lower supports respectively.

[0278] During installation, strain gauges are used to monitor the stress state of the connecting rods to ensure uniform stress distribution.

[0279] After installation, a 3D laser scanner is used to check the geometric accuracy of the entire frame and generate point cloud data for comparison with the design model.

[0280] e) Mounting plate installation:

[0281] The 20 fixed plates are connected into a whole by a hinge mechanism.

[0282] Use a crane to lift the entire mounting plate onto the support frame.

[0283] Use M24 high-strength bolts to fix the fixing plate to the support frame, with the bolt spacing controlled at 300 mm.

[0284] Use a torque wrench to control the bolt preload; the torque value is set to 850 N·m.

[0285] After installation, use a laser flatness measuring instrument to check the flatness of the fixing plate. The allowable deviation is no more than 2 mm / m.

[0286] 4. Concrete Pouring Preparation

[0287] a) Installation of reinforcing mesh:

[0288] According to the design requirements, a double-layer steel mesh is installed on the fixing plate.

[0289] The main reinforcement bars are HRB400 grade steel bars, 20 mm in diameter, and spaced at 150 mm.

[0290] The distribution bars are made of HRB400 grade steel bars, with a diameter of 16 mm and a spacing of 200 mm.

[0291] Steel supports, 100 mm high and 1 meter apart, are installed between the upper and lower layers of steel mesh.

[0292] b) Installation of embedded parts:

[0293] Install embedded parts according to the design location, including lighting system interfaces, drainage system and other equipment fixing points.

[0294] Use a total station to ensure the precise positioning of the embedded parts, with an allowable deviation of no more than 5 mm.

[0295] c) Sensor installation:

[0296] - Install smart sensors in key locations, including:

[0297] 10 strain sensors: monitoring the stress state of concrete;

[0298] Eight temperature sensors: monitor the internal temperature distribution of the concrete;

[0299] Five humidity sensors: monitor the humidity of the concrete surface;

[0300] - All sensors are connected to the central monitoring system via a wireless network.

[0301] d) Template processing:

[0302] A nano-scale release agent is evenly applied to the surface of the fixing plate, with the coating thickness controlled at 18 micrometers.

[0303] Apply the coating using an electrostatic spraying device, with the spraying pressure set to 0.4 MPa and the spraying distance to 250 mm.

[0304] 5. Concrete pouring

[0305] a) Concrete mix design:

[0306] Cement: PO 52.5, dosage 450 kg / m³ 3 ;

[0307] Coarse aggregate: 5-20 mm continuously graded crushed stone;

[0308] Fine aggregate: medium sand, fineness modulus 2.8;

[0309] Water: 165kg / m 3 ;

[0310] Silica fume: 10% of the cement content;

[0311] Fly ash: 20% of the cement content;

[0312] High-efficiency water-reducing agent: 1.2% of the total amount of cementitious materials;

[0313] Water-to-binder ratio: 0.38;

[0314] b) Pouring process:

[0315] A layered casting method is adopted, with the thickness of each layer controlled at 300 mm.

[0316] Concrete pump trucks are used for pouring, and the pumping pressure is controlled at 12MPa.

[0317] The pouring speed is controlled at 0.4 meters per hour to ensure that the height difference between each area does not exceed 100 millimeters.

[0318] The vibration was performed using a high-frequency immersion vibrator at a frequency of 200Hz, with a vibration time of 20 seconds per point.

[0319] The spacing between vibration points should not exceed 1.5 times the effective radius of the vibrator.

[0320] c) Real-time monitoring:

[0321] A laser rangefinder was used to monitor template deformation in real time, and data was recorded every 5 minutes.

[0322] The internal stress state of concrete is monitored by embedding strain sensors.

[0323] The surface temperature distribution of concrete was monitored using an infrared thermal imager, with scans performed every 15 minutes.

[0324] 6. Maintenance process

[0325] a) Initial maintenance:

[0326] Curing should begin 2 hours after the concrete has initially set.

[0327] A smart spray system is used for curing, with the spray water temperature controlled at the concrete surface temperature +2℃.

[0328] The spray frequency and water volume are automatically adjusted based on data from temperature and humidity sensors.

[0329] A 0.15 mm thick polyethylene film with 15% light transmittance is applied to the concrete surface.

[0330] b) Post-treatment maintenance:

[0331] Continue maintenance for 7 days.

[0332] Starting on the third day, gradually reduce the spraying frequency and increase the coverage time.

[0333] The development of concrete strength is monitored daily using non-destructive testing equipment (rebound method and ultrasonic method).

[0334] c) Temperature control:

[0335] The internal temperature of concrete is monitored using embedded temperature sensors.

[0336] The maximum internal temperature of the concrete should be controlled to not exceed 65℃, and the temperature gradient should not exceed 20℃ / meter.

[0337] If necessary, use cooling pipes to circulate cold water for cooling.

[0338] d) Contraction control:

[0339] The shrinkage deformation of concrete surfaces was monitored using digital image correlation (DIC).

[0340] Image data is collected every hour to analyze the shrinkage trend.

[0341] If abnormal shrinkage is detected, adjust the maintenance parameters promptly.

[0342] 7. Frame dismantling

[0343] a) Determining the timing of demolition:

[0344] The timing of formwork removal is determined based on the concrete strength development model and real-time monitoring data.

[0345] The concrete strength is required to reach 80% of the design strength, usually 14-21 days after pouring.

[0346] Non-destructive testing was performed using the spring test and ultrasonic testing methods, with 100 test points evenly distributed on the surface of the structure.

[0347] b) Demolition preparation:

[0348] Develop a detailed demolition plan and use project management software to optimize the demolition sequence.

[0349] Displacement and tilt sensors are installed at key nodes to monitor structural deformation in real time.

[0350] Prepare necessary support equipment, such as hydraulic jacks and temporary support frames.

[0351] c) Removal of the fixing plate:

[0352] First, remove the bolted connections, removing bolts from relatively opposite positions one at a time to ensure even force distribution.

[0353] A small jacking force is applied under the fixing plate using a hydraulic jack to slowly separate the fixing plate from the concrete surface.

[0354] The jacking speed was controlled at 1.5 mm / min, while the stress state of the concrete surface was monitored.

[0355] After complete separation, carefully lift the fixing plate off using a crane.

[0356] d) Removal of the corrugated connecting rod:

[0357] Demolition work is carried out using robots equipped with force feedback systems.

[0358] First, cut the welding connection points between the corrugated connecting rod and the upper and lower supports.

[0359] During the cutting process, the stress state of the connecting rod is monitored in real time to prevent sudden release.

[0360] After each connecting rod is removed, temporary supports are immediately installed to maintain structural stability.

[0361] e) Removal of support frame:

[0362] The support frame was dismantled using a tiered unloading method.

[0363] First, remove the horizontal bar of the upper support, then the curved support bar.

[0364] The vertical poles were removed one by one, and a hydraulic jack was installed at the corresponding position after each pole was removed.

[0365] Finally, remove the support frame and slowly release the supporting force of the hydraulic jack.

[0366] Throughout the process, the unloading speed is controlled to not exceed 1.5% of the structure's own weight per hour.

[0367] f) Subsequent processing:

[0368] After demolition, use a high-pressure water gun to clean the concrete surface.

[0369] Repairing concrete surfaces, filling small holes and minor defects.

[0370] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure, characterized in that, The system includes a support frame and a fixing plate. The support frame comprises an upper support and a lower support arranged parallel to each other. The upper and lower supports have the same structure, including two arc-shaped support rods of equal length and two horizontal bars connecting the two support rods. The two support rods and the two horizontal bars form a partial ring. The upper and lower supports are connected by multiple vertical rods, with each vertical rod's ends fixed to the corresponding support rods of the upper and lower supports. A reinforcing support structure is also provided within the partial ring formed by the upper and lower supports. The reinforcing support structure consists of multiple wavy connecting rods connecting the two horizontal bars. The fixing plate is a split structure comprising multiple panels. A splicing mechanism is provided between the panels, allowing them to be movably connected into a whole. The fixing plate is fixed to the support frame by bolts. The shape of the wavy connecting rod is defined by a shape equation, and the vertical projection shape of the wavy connecting rod is the shape defined by the shape equation. The shape equation is specifically expressed as: ； in: The coordinates of the horizontal position of the wavy connecting rod. ; For the wavy connecting rod in position The vertical offset; The total length of the wavy connecting rod is determined by the arc length of the upper and lower supports: ; The arc length of the upper support; Let be the arc length of the lower support. This is the side length of the upper support; This is the side length of the lower support; The number of vertical bars; The length of the vertical rod. ; Pre-set weight for concrete; The overall deformation rate of concrete before and after solidification; ; For wave number, The shape of the upper support is an influencing factor, and The shape of the lower support has an impact factor. ; The vertical rod shape is an influencing factor. Main wave amplitude coefficient, For the maximum permissible stress, The elastic modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material. For phase shift, The attenuation coefficient is... For the damping ratio, This is the amplitude coefficient of the secondary wave. The growth coefficient, The nonlinear adjustment coefficient is... It is a nonlinear factor. This is the curvature adjustment coefficient. For curvature factor, For the coefficient of the complex term, The shear modulus of the corrugated connecting rod material. For discrete adjustment coefficients, The number of discrete terms. For complex fluctuation adjustment coefficients, For complex fluctuation amplitude, The frequency is a complex oscillation. ;in, This is the adjustment coefficient for the shape of the upper support. This is the adjustment coefficient for the shape of the lower support. The vertical rod influence coefficient is... For Dirac delta functions, The overall influence coefficient of the support shape. Let be the moment of inertia of the wavy connecting rod.

2. The frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The assembly mechanism is a hinge.

3. The frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The wavy connecting rod is made of T-shaped steel.

4. The frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The support frame, support rods, horizontal bars, and vertical bars are all made of L-shaped steel.

5. A frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The calculation steps for the shape equation specifically include: Step 1: Determine the physical parameters: , , , , , , , , , , , ; Step 2: Calculate the derived parameters: ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; Step 3: Calculate other parameters: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ; Step 4: For a given position ,calculate , , ; Step 5: Substitute all the calculated values ​​into the shape equation to obtain the vertical offset of the wavy connecting rod at that position. ; Step 6: Repeat steps 4-5 to obtain the shape of the entire wavy connecting rod.

6. A frame for constructing an arc-shaped concrete structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, A wavy connecting rod is installed every two horizontal bars.

7. A construction method for a frame used in the construction of an arc-shaped concrete structure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S10. Preparation: Study the design drawings in detail to determine the dimensions and parameters of the support frame, fixing plate, and corrugated connecting rod; prepare the required materials, including support frame components, fixing plate, bolts, and corrugated connecting rod; check the construction site to ensure that the ground is flat and stable, and perform ground treatment if necessary. S20. Assemble the support frame: Assemble the upper and lower supports according to the design dimensions, and precisely connect the two arc-shaped support rods with crossbars to form a partial ring; install multiple vertical rods to firmly connect the upper and lower supports, and use a level and a vertical instrument to check the levelness and verticality of the support frame to ensure the stability of the overall structure. S30. Install the corrugated connecting rod: Based on the calculated complex shape equation, precisely manufacture the corrugated connecting rod; carefully install the corrugated connecting rod at the predetermined position between the upper and lower supports to form a reinforced support structure; check each connection point to ensure that the corrugated connecting rod is firmly connected to the support frame without any looseness. S40. Fixing plate installation: Precisely connect the various sections of the split-structure fixing plate using a hinged splicing mechanism to ensure a flat and seamless splicing; use bolts to evenly fix the fixing plate to the support frame, paying attention to uniform force; use a level to check the flatness of the fixing plate to ensure overall stability. S50. Concrete pouring preparation: Apply release agent evenly to the surface of the fixing plate to ensure complete coverage; install the steel mesh and other necessary internal structures according to design requirements, ensuring accurate positioning; carefully check and ensure that all components are in the correct position without deviation. S60. Concrete pouring: Prepare concrete according to the design mix ratio to ensure that the quality meets the requirements; pour concrete evenly using the layered pouring method, and strictly control the thickness of each layer and the pouring speed. Use a vibrator or other tools to thoroughly compact the concrete and ensure it is free of air bubbles; S70. Curing process: Take appropriate curing measures according to weather conditions and concrete type, including covering and watering, and regularly inspect the frame structure to ensure stability and no deformation during concrete setting; record the concrete setting condition and overall deformation rate in detail to provide a basis for subsequent work. S80. Frame Removal: After the concrete reaches its design strength, develop a detailed removal plan; carefully remove the fixing plates first, taking care not to damage the concrete surface; then remove the corrugated connecting rods, and finally remove the support frame; strictly adhere to safety regulations throughout the process, take necessary protective measures, and ensure personnel safety and the integrity of the concrete structure.

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