A drilling-while-drilling reamer for oil and gas wells

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well reamer, and specifically to an oil and gas well reamer while drilling, comprising: an reaming blade opening and closing mechanism, wherein the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism comprises a mud pipe for conveying mud, wherein the outer wall of the mud pipe is fixedly connected and provided with a power cylinder, wherein the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism also comprises three blades distributed in a circumferential array for reaming holes, wherein the outer wall of the mud pipe is slidably connected with a starting cylinder which is powered by the power cylinder to open and close the blades. By providing an reaming blade forced closing mechanism, when the blade cannot be automatically reset for some reason, such as when the mud is thick and there are large granular impurities that affect the retrieval of the blade, the traction ring and the traction rope are forced to pull the blade to be retracted through the blocking of the blocking plate and the squeezing of the blocking plate by clean water, thereby ensuring that the reaming blade can be smoothly recovered when the blade fails and cannot be automatically retracted, thereby reducing the probability of equipment damage and the maintenance cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well reaming, and in particular to an oil and gas well reamer while drilling. Background Art

[0002] In the process of drilling oil and gas wells, in order to improve the subsequent recovery capacity of oil, gas or other mineral resources, a while-drilling reamer is usually used to expand the hole during the drilling process. The while-drilling reaming technology is to use a while-drilling reaming tool and a conventional drill bit to expand the size of the open hole section while drilling comprehensively, so as to prepare for the subsequent casing and oil and gas extraction. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the oil and gas wellway through a while-drilling reamer. For example, a while-drilling reamer for oil and gas wells disclosed in application number CN202210220965.6 expands the oil and gas wellway by using a while-drilling reamer.

[0003] An existing while-drilling reamer expands the oil and gas wellbore by opening the blades through the cooperation between the mud produced during drilling and the ball (see the academic journal "Application of While-drilling Reaming Technology in a Certain Oilfield in Bohai Sea"). However, the opening and closing of the blades is controlled by the mud. When the mud is thick and contains large particulate impurities, the pipeline through which the mud flows may be blocked, which will affect the normal opening and closing of the blades. In addition, when the blades cannot be closed due to mud blockage, the blades cannot be forced to close. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides an oil and gas well reamer while drilling, which can effectively solve the problems of the prior art that when the mud is thick or contains large particles of impurities, the pipeline for mud circulation may be blocked, affecting the normal opening and closing of the blade, and the blade cannot be forcibly closed when the blade cannot be closed due to mud blockage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The present invention provides an oil and gas well reamer while drilling, comprising:

[0007] The reaming blade opening and closing mechanism comprises a mud pipe for conveying mud, the outer wall of the mud pipe is fixedly connected with a power cylinder, the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism also comprises three blades distributed in a circumferential array for expanding holes, the outer wall of the mud pipe is slidably connected with a starting cylinder which is powered by the power cylinder to open and close the blades, and a start-stop assembly is provided in the mud pipe at the connection between the mud pipe and the power cylinder;

[0008] The eye-expanding blade forced closing mechanism comprises a sealing plate for sealing or opening a mud pipe, the outer wall of the mud pipe is provided with a traction ring which moves synchronously with the sealing plate, and a traction rope is connected between the traction ring and the blade for forced closing of the blade.

[0009] Preferably, it also includes a cylinder, and the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism also includes a conical cover fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the cylinder, the top of the conical cover is fixedly connected to the mud pipe, the bottom end of the cylinder is provided with a slurry inlet for entering the mud, and the outer wall of the cylinder is provided with three opening and closing grooves, and the inner bottom wall of the opening and closing groove is elastically hinged to the bottom end of the blade.

[0010] Preferably, the start-stop assembly includes two symmetrical fixed grooves opened inside the mud pipe, the inner wall of the mud pipe is provided with a sliding groove connected to the fixed groove, the inner wall of the sliding groove is slidably connected with a sliding block, the outer wall of the sliding block is provided with a clamping hole, the inner side wall of the fixed groove is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic plate and two symmetrical elastic telescopic rods, the telescopic ends of the two elastic telescopic rods are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnet plate, the electromagnetic plate and the permanent magnet plate are magnetically repelled on opposite sides, the outer wall of the permanent magnet plate close to the sliding block is fixedly connected with a clamping rod for clamping or separating with the clamping hole, the top of the sliding block and the inner top wall of the fixed groove are commonly fixedly connected with a first spring, the inner wall of the mud pipe is provided with a mud through hole connected to the interior of the power cylinder, the outer walls of the two sliding blocks are commonly fixedly connected with a lifting ring, the top of the lifting ring is fixedly connected with a blocking ring for blocking or opening the mud through hole, the electromagnetic plate electrical signal is connected with a PLC controller to form a starting circuit.

[0011] Preferably, the inner wall of the power cylinder is slidably connected with an extrusion plate, the top of the extrusion plate and the inner top wall of the power cylinder are fixedly connected with a second spring, the bottom end of the extrusion plate is fixedly connected with a connecting ring, the connecting ring air-tightly slides through the bottom end of the power cylinder and is fixedly connected to the top of the starting cylinder, the starting cylinder is in the shape of an inverted cone, the outer wall of the starting cylinder is in contact with the outer wall of the blade wing, a pressure sensor is embedded in the position of the starting cylinder corresponding to the blade wing, and the top of the blade wing is in contact with the pressure sensor in the combined state, the inner wall of the power cylinder is fixedly connected with a drain pipe, and the other end of the drain pipe passes through the power cylinder and the cylinder body and extends to the outside of the cylinder body, and a normally closed solenoid valve is arranged in the drain pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the reaming blade forced closing mechanism also includes two symmetrical moving grooves opened on the inner wall of the mud pipe, the inner wall of the moving groove is slidably connected with a ferromagnetic moving block, the outer wall of the moving block is fixedly connected with a sliding ring, a first motor is embedded in the interior of the sliding ring, the driving end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating rod, and the other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sliding ring, the outer wall of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to a sealing plate, and the outer diameter of the sealing plate is consistent with the inner diameter of the sliding ring, the outer wall of the mud pipe is slidably connected with a permanent magnet block magnetically attracted to the moving block, the outer wall of the permanent magnet block is fixedly connected to a traction ring, the top of the moving block and the inner top wall of the moving groove are jointly fixedly connected with an electromagnetic telescopic rod, the first motor, the pressure sensor, the electromagnetic telescopic rod are electrically connected to the PLC controller and form a forced recovery loop.

[0013] Preferably, four water outlet channels are opened inside the mud pipe, and the water outlet ends of the water outlet channels are arranged above the ground. The inner wall of the mud pipe is opened with a water inlet connected to the water outlet channels, and the bottom end of the sliding ring is fixedly connected with a blocking plate for blocking the water inlet.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a crushing mechanism, which includes a second motor fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the cylinder, a crushing rod fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor, and the crushing rod consists of a main rod and a plurality of crushing teeth, and the inner wall of the mud pipe is fixedly connected to a crushing blade staggered with the crushing teeth outside the crushing rod.

[0015] Preferably, a geological detection transmitter and a geological detection receiver are respectively embedded in the outer wall on the opposite side of the cylinder, and the geological detection transmitter, geological detection receiver, the second motor, and the PLC controller are electrically connected to an external water supply device to form a crushing circuit.

[0016] Compared with the known prior art, the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. By setting up a forced closing mechanism for the reaming blade, when the blade cannot be automatically reset for some reason, for example, when the mud is thick and there are large particles that affect the retraction of the blade, the sealing plate is blocked and the sealing plate is squeezed by clean water, so that the traction ring and the traction rope pull the blade to be forcibly retracted. Therefore, when the blade fails and cannot be automatically retracted, the reaming blade can be smoothly retracted, reducing the chance of equipment damage and reducing maintenance costs.

[0018] 2. Through the crushing mechanism, it is determined whether the gravel generated during reaming needs to be crushed according to the detected geological layer, and when crushing is required, the rotation speed of the second motor driving the breaker rod is controlled in real time according to the geological conditions, and the gravel is crushed at the fastest crushing speed. Therefore, the crushing mechanism can crush larger gravel and other foreign objects to ensure the normal operation of the drilling reamer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the internal three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 The enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 It is a partial three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0026] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 3 ;

[0027] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional three-dimensional structure of the present invention. Figure 4 .

[0028] Figure numerals: 1, cylinder; 2, reaming blade opening and closing mechanism; 21, mud pipe; 22, power cylinder; 23, blade; 24, starting cylinder; 25, start-stop assembly; 251, fixed groove; 252, sliding groove; 253, sliding block; 254, clamping hole; 255, electromagnetic plate; 256, elastic telescopic rod; 257, permanent magnetic plate; 258, clamping rod; 259, first spring; 2510, mud through hole; 2511, lifting ring; 2512, blocking ring; 26, cone cover; 27, inlet Pulp mouth; 28, opening and closing groove; 29, extrusion plate; 210, second spring; 211, connecting ring; 212, drain pipe; 3, eye-expanding blade forced closing mechanism; 31, moving groove; 32, moving block; 33, sliding ring; 34, blocking plate; 35, traction ring; 36, traction rope; 37, permanent magnet block; 38, electromagnetic telescopic rod; 39, water outlet channel; 310, water inlet; 311, blocking plate; 4, crushing mechanism; 41, second motor; 42, crushing rod; 43, crushing blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0031] Embodiment: A drilling reamer for oil and gas wells, wherein the blade 23 is automatically opened and closed by the following structure, referring to Figures 1 to 6 , the reaming blade wing opening and closing mechanism 2, the reaming blade wing opening and closing mechanism 2 includes a mud pipe 21 for conveying mud, the outer wall of the mud pipe 21 is fixedly connected with a power cylinder 22, the reaming blade wing opening and closing mechanism 2 also includes three blade wings 23 distributed in a circumferential array for reaming, the outer wall of the mud pipe 21 is slidably connected with a starting cylinder 24 which is powered by the power cylinder 22 to open and close the blade wings 23, a start-stop assembly 25 is provided in the mud pipe 21 at the connection between the mud pipe 21 and the power cylinder 22, the starting cylinder 24 has a limit assembly, and the limit assembly is composed of a limit block and a limit groove, and when the upper position of the side wall of the starting cylinder 24 contacts the top of the blade, it will not be able to move downward further;

[0032] The reaming blade opening and closing mechanism 2 further includes a cone cover 26 fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the cylinder 1, the top of the cone cover 26 is fixedly connected to the mud pipe 21, the bottom end of the cylinder 1 is provided with a slurry inlet 27 for entering the mud, the outer wall of the cylinder 1 is provided with three opening and closing grooves 28, and the inner bottom wall of the opening and closing groove 28 is elastically hinged to the bottom end of the blade 23;

[0033] When drilling an oil and gas well begins, the pressure under the oil and gas well is usually lower than the atmospheric pressure on the ground, and during the drilling process, water needs to be sprayed on the drilling nozzle in real time to cool it down. Therefore, the sprayed water mixes with the mud to form mud, and the mud, driven by the pressure difference, will flow naturally and enter the mud pipe 21 through the slurry inlet 27.

[0034] The blade wing 23 is controlled to open and close by the following specific structure. Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 6 The start-stop assembly 25 includes two symmetrical fixed grooves 251 opened inside the mud pipe 21, the inner wall of the mud pipe 21 is provided with a sliding groove 252 connected to the fixed groove 251, the inner wall of the sliding groove 252 is slidably connected with a sliding block 253, the outer wall of the sliding block 253 is provided with a clamping hole 254, the inner side wall of the fixed groove 251 is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic plate 255 and two symmetrical elastic telescopic rods 256, the telescopic ends of the two elastic telescopic rods 256 are commonly fixedly connected with a permanent magnetic plate 257, the electromagnetic plate 255 and the permanent magnetic plate 257 have magnetic repulsion on opposite sides, and the outer wall of the permanent magnetic plate 257 close to the sliding block 253 is fixedly connected with a clamping rod 255 for clamping or separating with the clamping hole 254 8. The top of the sliding block 253 and the inner top wall of the fixed groove 251 are fixedly connected with a first spring 259. The inner wall of the mud pipe 21 is provided with a mud through hole 2510 which is connected with the inside of the power cylinder 22. The outer walls of the two sliding blocks 253 are fixedly connected with a lifting ring 2511. The top of the lifting ring 2511 is fixedly connected with a blocking ring 2512 for blocking or opening the mud through hole 2510. The electromagnetic plate 255 is electrically connected to the PLC controller to form a starting circuit. The upper and lower parts of the sliding block 253 are fixedly connected with the sliding groove 252 with passive telescopic rods to prevent mud from entering the sliding groove 252. In the initial state, the sliding block 253 is in the middle of the sliding groove 252.

[0035] Among them, the inner wall of the power cylinder 22 is slidably connected with an extrusion plate 29, and the top of the extrusion plate 29 and the inner top wall of the power cylinder 22 are fixedly connected with a second spring 210, and the bottom end of the extrusion plate 29 is fixedly connected with a connecting ring 211, and the connecting ring 211 airtightly slides through the bottom end of the power cylinder 22 and is fixedly connected to the top of the starting cylinder 24. The starting cylinder 24 is in an inverted cone shape, and the outer wall of the starting cylinder 24 contacts the outer wall of the blade wing 23. A pressure sensor is embedded in the position corresponding to the starting cylinder 24 and the blade wing 23. The top of the blade wing 23 contacts the pressure sensor in the combined state, and the inner wall of the power cylinder 22 is fixedly connected with a drain pipe 212, and the other end of the drain pipe 212 passes through the power cylinder 22 and the cylinder body 1 and extends to the outside of the cylinder body 1, and a normally closed solenoid valve is arranged in the drain pipe 212.

[0036] When the blade wing 23 cannot be automatically reset, the blade wing 23 is forcibly recovered by the following structure. Figures 7 and 8 The forced closing mechanism 3 of the reaming blade comprises a blocking plate 34 for blocking or opening the mud pipe 21. The outer wall of the mud pipe 21 is provided with a traction ring 35 which moves synchronously with the blocking plate 34. A traction rope 36 is connected between the traction ring 35 and the blade wing 23 for forcing the blade wing 23 to close.

[0037] Among them, the reaming blade forced closing mechanism 3 also includes two symmetrical moving grooves 31 opened on the inner wall of the mud pipe 21, the inner wall of the moving groove 31 is slidably connected with a ferromagnetic moving block 32, the outer wall of the moving block 32 is fixedly connected with a sliding ring 33, and a first motor is embedded in the sliding ring 33. The driving end of the first motor is fixedly connected with a rotating rod, and the other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sliding ring 33, the outer wall of the rotating rod is fixedly connected to a sealing plate 34, and the outer diameter of the sealing plate 34 is consistent with the inner diameter of the sliding ring 33, the outer wall of the mud pipe 21 is slidably connected with a permanent magnet block 37 magnetically attracted to the moving block 32, the outer wall of the permanent magnet block 37 is fixedly connected to the traction ring 35, the top of the moving block 32 and the inner top wall of the moving groove 31 are jointly fixedly connected with an electromagnetic telescopic rod 38, the first motor, the pressure sensor, the electromagnetic telescopic rod 38 are connected to the PLC controller electrical signal and form a forced recovery loop, and the first motor is a stepping motor.

[0038] Four water outlet channels 39 are provided inside the mud pipe 21, and the water outlet ends of the water outlet channels 39 are arranged above the ground. A water inlet 310 connected to the water outlet channels 39 is provided on the inner wall of the mud pipe 21, and a blocking plate 311 for blocking the water inlet 310 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the sliding ring 33.

[0039] The larger gravel is crushed by the following structure, see Figure 7The slurry pipe 21 further comprises a crushing mechanism 4, which comprises a second motor 41 fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the cylinder 1, a crushing rod 42 fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 41, and the crushing rod is composed of a main rod and a plurality of crushing teeth, and a crushing blade 43 staggered with the crushing teeth outside the crushing rod 42 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the mud pipe 21;

[0040] The outer wall on the opposite side of the cylinder 1 is respectively embedded with a geological detection transmitter and a geological detection receiver. The geological detection transmitter, the geological detection receiver, the second motor 41, and the PLC controller are electrically connected to an external water supply device to form a crushing circuit.

[0041] Since different geological layers have stones of different hardness and types, although they have been broken when the drill bit is drilling, some larger stones cannot be avoided and are very likely to enter the mud pipe and affect the opening and closing of the blade 23. Therefore, it is necessary to crush the broken stones through the crushing mechanism 4. First, the ultrasonic wave of the geological detection transmitter is used in real time, and then the signal is received by the geological detection receiver and transmitted to the PLC controller. The detection module in the PLC controller determines which geological layer it belongs to, and then the speed of the second motor 41 is controlled by the PLC controller to crush the broken stones at the fastest speed.

[0042] The working principle of the present invention is as follows:

[0043] During the process of drilling the oil and gas well, when it is necessary to expand the hole, the electromagnetic plate 255 can be energized through the PLC controller. The electromagnetic plate 255 is energized to attract the permanent magnet plate 257, and the permanent magnet plate 257 drives the clamping rod 258 to move synchronously, so that the sliding block 253 is no longer limited. At the same time, the upward impact force of the mud will push the lifting ring 2511 to move upward, and then drive the blocking ring 2512 to move synchronously, so that the mud through hole 2510 can leak out. Therefore, part of the mud can pass through the blocking ring 2512 into the power cylinder 22 and above the extrusion plate 29. The connecting ring 211 and the starting cylinder 24 are continuously squeezed downward by the extrusion plate 29, and the starting cylinder 24 moves downward. Since the shape of the starting cylinder 24 is a truncated cone, the extrusion blade 23 is flipped outward until the blade 23 is completely flipped outward, and then the driving force of the drilling bit is used to make the blade 23 expand the oil and gas well. Figure 1 The lower right corner is a drilling bit, and the drilling bit is driven by a driving source on the ground.

[0044] When it is necessary to retract the blade 23, the drill bit is first controlled to stop rotating through the controller, and then the water supply device on the ground is controlled to inject clean water into the mud pipe 21. The injected clean water discharges the mud in the mud pipe 21 from the slurry inlet 27, and has a cleaning effect on the mud pipe 21. At the same time, the lifting ring 2511 is pushed downward by the clean water, driving the blocking ring 2512 to move downward, and the mud through hole 2510 leaks out above the blocking ring 2512. The clean water enters the power cylinder 22 through the mud through hole 2510 to dilute the mud inside it, and when the clean water is injected into the mud pipe 21, the normally closed solenoid valve is controlled to open through the PLC controller to discharge the mud, and then the injection of clean water is stopped, and the blocking ring 2512 is reset by the first spring 259 to re-block the mud through hole 2510, and the mud and clean water in the power cylinder 22 are discharged from the drain pipe 212. It should be noted that by detecting different geological layers (geological detection transmitter and receiver By transmitting and receiving physical signals such as seismic waves, electromagnetic waves or sound waves, the characteristics of different underground geological layers are detected. The transmitter generates signals, which propagate, reflect or refract in the underground strata, and the receiver records the changes of these signals. By analyzing these signals, the depth, thickness, conductivity and other characteristics of the geological layer can be determined, and then the signal is sent back to the PLC controller. The PLC controller increases or decreases the power of the water supply device to adjust to different water pressures. For example, if the geological layer is soft, the mud can be cleaned and discharged by a smaller water pressure, and then the first spring 259 drives the extrusion plate 29 and the starter cylinder 24 to move upward synchronously, so the blade 23 will no longer be supported. Since the blade 23 is elastically hinged, the blade 23 can be automatically reset. For harder geological layers, the mud will have harder particles, and the harder particles may also be stuck inside the mud pipe 21, so a larger water pressure is required to remove it, for example:

[0045] Type of geological layer: such as sandstone, limestone, etc.;

[0046] Strength: High, with high shear strength and bearing capacity, the mud may be viscous and contain hard particles;

[0047] Water pressure requirements: Higher water pressure is required to effectively clean harder mud and larger particles and prevent clogging;

[0048] Control strategy: The PLC controller will adjust the water supply to provide higher water pressure to handle mud in hard rock formations;

[0049] From the above examples, it can be seen that the strength of the geological layer is proportional to the water pressure provided by the water supply device.

[0050] The pressure sensor senses the pressure signal in real time and converts it into an electrical signal to send feedback to the PLC controller. When the pressure sensor embedded in the starting cylinder 24 cannot sense the pressure of the blade wing 23, the blade wing 23 is in an unclosed state. The first motor is controlled to start by the PLC controller, and the first motor drives the rotating rod to drive the blocking plate 34 to rotate 90 degrees to block the sliding ring 33. The electromagnetic telescopic rod 38 is powered off by the PLC controller so that the electromagnetic telescopic rod 38 can be passively extended and retracted. At the same time, clean water is injected into the mud pipe 21 again through the water supply device on the ground, and the blocking plate 34 is pushed downward by the clean water, thereby driving the moving block 32 to move synchronously, further making the permanent magnet block 37 and the traction ring 35 move downward synchronously, and then pulling the traction rope 36 to move synchronously to retract the blade wing 23. When the pressure sensor senses the pressure, it means that the blade wing 23 has been forced to be retracted, and part of the clean water enters the water outlet channel 39 through the water inlet 310 and the pressure of the water entering the mud pipe 21 from the ground, and the clean water is squeezed out to the ground by the water pressure.

[0051] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oil and gas well reamer while drilling, characterized in that: include: A reaming blade opening and closing mechanism (2), the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism (2) comprising a slurry pipe (21) for conveying slurry, the outer wall of the slurry pipe (21) being fixedly connected to a power cylinder (22), the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism (2) further comprising three blades (23) distributed in a circumferential array for reaming holes, the outer wall of the slurry pipe (21) being slidably connected to a start cylinder (24) for opening and closing the blades (23) by power from the power cylinder (22), and a start-stop assembly (25) being provided at the connection between the slurry pipe (21) and the power cylinder (22); The start-stop assembly (25) comprises two symmetrical fixed grooves (251) provided inside the mud pipe (21); the inner wall of the mud pipe (21) is provided with a sliding groove (252) connected to the fixed groove (251); the inner wall of the sliding groove (252) is slidably connected to a sliding block (253); the outer wall of the sliding block (253) is provided with a clamping hole (254); the inner side wall of the fixed groove (251) is fixedly connected to an electromagnetic plate (255) and two symmetrical elastic telescopic rods (256); the telescopic ends of the two elastic telescopic rods (256) are fixedly connected to a permanent magnetic plate (257); the electromagnetic plate (255) and the permanent magnetic plate (257) have opposite sides that magnetically repel each other; the permanent magnetic plate (257) 257) A clamping rod (258) for clamping or separating with the clamping hole (254) is fixedly connected to the outer wall of one side close to the sliding block (253); the top of the sliding block (253) and the inner top wall of the fixing groove (251) are fixedly connected to a first spring (259); the inner wall of the mud pipe (21) is provided with a mud through hole (2510) connected to the inside of the power cylinder (22); the outer walls of the two sliding blocks (253) are fixedly connected to a lifting ring (2511); the top of the lifting ring (2511) is fixedly connected to a blocking ring (2512) for blocking or opening the mud through hole (2510); the electromagnetic plate (255) is electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a starting circuit; The inner wall of the power cylinder (22) is slidably connected to an extrusion plate (29); the top of the extrusion plate (29) and the inner top wall of the power cylinder (22) are fixedly connected to a second spring (210); the bottom end of the extrusion plate (29) is fixedly connected to a connecting ring (211); the connecting ring (211) airtightly slides through the bottom end of the power cylinder (22) and is fixedly connected to the top end of the starting cylinder (24); the starting cylinder (24) is in the shape of an inverted truncated cone; the outer wall of the starting cylinder (24) The power cylinder (22) is in contact with the outer wall of the blade wing (23); a pressure sensor is embedded in the position of the starting cylinder (24) corresponding to the blade wing (23); the top of the blade wing (23) is in contact with the pressure sensor when the blade wing (23) is in a combined state; the inner wall of the power cylinder (22) is fixedly connected to a drainage pipe (212); the other end of the drainage pipe (212) passes through the power cylinder (22) and the cylinder body (1) and extends to the outside of the cylinder body (1); a normally closed electromagnetic valve is arranged in the drainage pipe (212); A reaming blade forced closing mechanism (3), the reaming blade forced closing mechanism (3) comprising a blocking plate (34) for blocking or opening a mud pipe (21), the mud pipe (21) having an outer wall provided with a traction ring (35) that moves synchronously with the blocking plate (34), the traction ring (35) and the blade (23) being connected together with a traction rope (36) for forcibly closing the blade (23).

2. The oil and gas well reamer while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a cylinder (1), the reaming blade opening and closing mechanism (2) further comprising a conical cover (26) fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the cylinder (1), the top end of the conical cover (26) being fixedly connected to the mud pipe (21), the bottom end of the cylinder (1) being provided with a slurry inlet (27) for entering the slurry, the outer wall of the cylinder (1) being provided with three opening and closing grooves (28), the inner bottom wall of the opening and closing groove (28) being elastically hinged to the bottom end of the blade (23).

3. The oil and gas well reamer while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The reaming blade forced closing mechanism (3) further comprises two symmetrical moving grooves (31) formed on the inner wall of the mud pipe (21); the inner wall of the moving groove (31) is slidably connected to a ferromagnetic moving block (32); the outer wall of the moving block (32) is fixedly connected to a sliding ring (33); a first motor is embedded in the interior of the sliding ring (33); a driving end of the first motor is fixedly connected to a rotating rod; the other end of the rotating rod is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the sliding ring (33); the outer wall of the rotating rod is connected to a sealing plate (34) The outer diameter of the blocking plate (34) is consistent with the inner diameter of the sliding ring (33); the outer wall of the mud pipe (21) is slidably connected to a permanent magnet block (37) that is magnetically attracted to the moving block (32); the outer wall of the permanent magnet block (37) is fixedly connected to the traction ring (35); the top of the moving block (32) and the inner top wall of the moving groove (31) are jointly fixedly connected to an electromagnetic telescopic rod (38); the first motor, the pressure sensor, and the electromagnetic telescopic rod (38) are electrically connected to a PLC controller to form a forced recovery loop.

4. The oil and gas well reamer while drilling according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mud pipe (21) is provided with four water outlet channels (39) inside, and the water outlet ends of the water outlet channels (39) are arranged above the ground. The inner wall of the mud pipe (21) is provided with a water inlet (310) connected to the water outlet channels (39), and the bottom end of the sliding ring (33) is fixedly connected with a blocking plate (311) for blocking the water inlet (310).

5. The oil and gas well reamer while drilling according to claim 2, characterized in that: The invention also comprises a crushing mechanism (4), the crushing mechanism (4) comprising a second motor (41) fixedly connected to the inner bottom wall of the cylinder (1), the output end of the second motor (41) being fixedly connected to a crushing rod (42), the crushing rod being composed of a main rod and a plurality of crushing teeth, and the inner wall of the mud pipe (21) being fixedly connected to crushing blades (43) arranged in an alternating manner with the crushing teeth outside the crushing rod (42).

6. The oil and gas well reamer while drilling according to claim 5, characterized in that: A geological detection transmitter and a geological detection receiver are respectively embedded in the outer wall of the cylinder (1) on the opposite side. The geological detection transmitter, the geological detection receiver, the second motor (41), and the PLC controller are electrically connected to an external water supply device to form a crushing circuit.

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