CFB boiler combustion control system and method based on high stability

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of boiler combustion, and provides a CFB boiler combustion control system and method based on high stability, the CFB boiler combustion control system comprises a heating boiler, a combustion control unit and a combustion optimization unit, and the heating boiler, the combustion control unit and the combustion optimization unit are electrically connected; according to the CFB boiler combustion system, in the whole process from backing material preheating to combustion ending and cleaning, the identification-free self-adaptive pre-estimation controller, the intelligent combustion adjusting and stabilizing module, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module and the advanced fault diagnosis technology are integrated, and the comprehensive performance of the CFB boiler combustion system is remarkably improved; besides, by automatically adapting to different operation conditions and working condition changes, monitoring in real time, adjusting the combustion state in time and providing detailed fault information and maintenance guidance, the risk of fault shutdown and economic loss are reduced, and long-term stable operation of equipment is guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of boiler combustion, and in particular relates to a CFB boiler combustion control system and method based on high stability. Background Art

[0002] In the wave of rapid development of modern industry, with the continuous growth of energy demand and the increasing awareness of environmental protection, finding efficient and environmentally friendly energy utilization methods has become a major issue facing the industry; circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, with their unique combustion mechanism and wide fuel adaptability, such as the ability to burn a variety of low-quality coals and biomass, effectively reduce dependence on high-quality fuels and reduce pollutant emissions. Therefore, they have been widely promoted and applied in many key industrial fields such as power generation, chemical processing, and metal smelting;

[0003] However, despite the many advantages of CFB boilers in theory and practice, their complex combustion process has become a major challenge to further improve performance; the combustion process of CFB boilers is a highly dynamic and nonlinear system, which includes multiple key parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow, and chemical composition that are intertwined and influence each other; the complex relationship between these parameters makes it difficult for traditional combustion control systems based on fixed control strategies and parameter settings to effectively cope with the changing operating conditions and changes in fuel characteristics in actual operation;

[0004] Specifically, when a CFB boiler faces load fluctuations, changes in fuel types, or adjustments to the internal environment of the combustion chamber, traditional control systems often fail to respond quickly and accurately, causing the combustion process to deviate from the optimal state. This not only results in low combustion efficiency and increased energy consumption, but also promotes the generation and emission of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and particulate matter, which has an adverse impact on the environment.

[0005] In addition, since the combustion process of CFB boilers involves a high temperature and high pressure environment, any slight control deviation may cause serious safety problems, such as flameout, deflagration, etc., which seriously threaten the safety of equipment and personnel; therefore, improving the stability and reliability of the CFB boiler combustion control system and ensuring that it can maintain efficient, stable and safe operation under various operating conditions has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0006] The present invention provides a CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability, aiming to solve the disadvantages of the CFB boiler combustion control system, that is, its complexity and dynamics make it difficult for traditional fixed control strategies to adapt to changing operating conditions and fuel characteristics, affecting combustion efficiency, increasing pollutant emissions, and possibly causing safety problems such as flameout or deflagration, reducing system stability and reliability.

[0007] The present invention is implemented as follows: a CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability includes a heating boiler, a combustion control unit, and a combustion optimization unit, wherein the heating boiler, the combustion control unit and the combustion optimization unit are electrically connected; the combustion control unit includes a bottom material preheating module, an ignition control module, and a coal feeding and ignition control module; the combustion optimization unit includes a combustion adjustment and stabilization module, a combustion transition and complete combustion control module, a combustion end and cleaning module and a fault diagnosis technology; wherein the bottom material preheating module is connected to the heating boiler through a non-identification adaptive prediction controller, and the adaptive prediction controller uses an advanced algorithm to perform real-time prediction and correction on the system, automatically adjusts the control parameters, and can adapt to changes in operating conditions and working conditions without manual intervention, thereby improving the stability and response speed of the system; the bottom material preheating module also includes: a bottom material arranged at the bottom position of the inner cavity of the heating boiler, and the bottom material is any one of bed material, sand, and limestone; the bottom material preheating module is used to increase the temperature and activity of the bottom material to reduce the energy loss during ignition, accelerate the ignition process of coal, and provide a stable and good initial condition for subsequent combustion.

[0008] Preferably, the ignition control module selects a suitable ignition mode according to the specific type of the heating boiler and the type of fuel used; the ignition control module needs to accurately control the ignition time and ignition energy to ensure successful ignition and avoid safety accidents;

[0009] ①. For a heating boiler using solid fuel, the charcoal ignition method is adopted. First, the charcoal is ignited and pushed into the furnace. Then, the non-identification adaptive predictive controller monitors the combustion state of the charcoal. After it burns vigorously and stably, the ignition coal is added to further initiate and maintain the combustion in the furnace, thereby successfully starting the furnace;

[0010] ②. For heating boilers using liquid or gaseous fuels, the ignition control module will use an oil gun or an air gun for ignition. During this process, the non-identifying adaptive predictive controller will accurately control the injection volume, injection timing and ignition energy output of the oil gun or air gun to ensure effective contact and rapid combustion between the fuel and the ignition source.

[0011] Preferably, the coal feeding and ignition control module is responsible for monitoring the ignition status of the coal throughout the entire process. The coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsating coal feeding method, which can effectively control the coal feeding rate, avoid a sharp rise in bed temperature caused by too fast coal feeding or unstable combustion caused by too slow coal feeding. At the same time, the coal feeding and ignition control module also monitors the changes in bed temperature and oxygen content in real time, and ensures that the coal can ignite normally and maintain stable combustion by adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume.

[0012] Preferably, the combustion adjustment and stabilization module automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and damper opening control parameters according to the real-time changes of the key parameters of the heating boiler bed temperature, oxygen content and air-coal ratio. The combustion adjustment and stabilization module can maintain the stability and economy of the combustion process while reducing pollutant emissions. When the bed temperature is too high, the coal feed is reduced or the air volume is increased to lower the bed temperature; when the oxygen content is insufficient, the air volume is increased to improve the combustion efficiency.

[0013] Preferably, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module is used to adjust parameters such as coal feed rate and air volume to ensure that the coal can be completely burned and release maximum heat. The combustion transition and complete combustion control module improves combustion efficiency and reduces unburned losses by optimizing the combustion process.

[0014] Preferably, the combustion termination and cleaning module is responsible for gradually stopping parameters such as coal supply and air volume, so that the boiler gradually cools down and stops combustion, and performs cleaning and maintenance work on the inside of the boiler. The cleaning work includes removing ash, checking the wear of components such as burners, etc., to ensure the long-term stable operation of the boiler.

[0015] Preferably, the fault diagnosis technology includes two parts: process fault diagnosis and instrument fault diagnosis. The fault diagnosis technology uses fuzzy mathematics to quantitatively describe the real-time operating conditions of the CFB boiler and perform online adaptive diagnosis. By constructing a fuzzy fault diagnosis model and real-time tuning of parameters such as the air-coal ratio, particle concentration and oxygen content, the safety and reliability of the system are improved, and accurate fault information and maintenance guidance are provided to maintenance personnel.

[0016] The present invention also provides a CFB boiler combustion method based on high stability, comprising:

[0017] Bottom material preheating and intelligent start-up: First, enter the bottom material preheating stage; use the non-identification adaptive prediction controller to make real-time prediction and automatic correction of the preheating process of the bottom material in the boiler. In this stage, by increasing the temperature and activity of the bottom material, it not only reduces the energy loss during ignition, but also accelerates the ignition process of coal, laying a solid foundation for subsequent stable combustion;

[0018] Fine coal feeding and ignition control: As the bed material is preheated to the appropriate temperature, the coal or other fuel on the bed material is ignited, and the combustion process officially begins; the coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsed coal feeding method, and monitors the coal ignition state, bed temperature and oxygen content changes in real time. By dynamically adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume, it ensures that the combustion process is neither too intense nor too weak, maintaining a stable and efficient combustion state;

[0019] Combustion adjustment and stability optimization: The combustion adjustment and stability module monitors the key parameters of the heating boiler in real time, and automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and air door opening accordingly, realizing refined and intelligent control of the combustion process; through dynamic adjustment strategies, this module not only improves the stability and economy of the combustion process, but also significantly reduces pollutant emissions and protects the environment;

[0020] Combustion transition and complete combustion control: To ensure that the coal is completely burned during the combustion process, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module further fine-tunes parameters such as coal feed and air volume; this step maximizes the release of coal heat, reduces energy waste and unburned losses, and reduces pollutant emissions;

[0021] End of combustion and cleaning maintenance: When the combustion process is finished, the end of combustion and cleaning module stops the coal supply and air volume in an orderly manner, and performs thorough cleaning and maintenance work; by removing ash and checking the wear of components, the module effectively prevents performance degradation and failure risks caused by ash accumulation or wear, thereby extending the service life of the boiler and improving overall operating efficiency.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0023] First, starting from the base material preheating stage, the present invention achieves a significant increase in base material temperature and activity through precise regulation of a non-identifiable adaptive predictive controller, creating favorable conditions for coal ignition; the coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsating coal feeding method, combined with real-time monitoring technology, to ensure the continuity and stability of the combustion process, avoiding the over-temperature problem caused by a sharp rise in bed temperature and preventing the occurrence of unstable combustion; the combustion adjustment and stabilization module further uses intelligent control to adjust the coal feeding amount, air volume and air door opening in real time, maintaining the optimal balance between bed temperature and oxygen content, significantly improving combustion efficiency, and reducing energy waste and pollutant emissions; the fine adjustment of the combustion transition and complete combustion control modules ensures the complete combustion of coal, maximizes the release of heat, and further improves combustion efficiency and economy.

[0024] Secondly, the entire combustion process of the present invention effectively reduces the emission of pollutants through precise control and dynamic adjustment strategies; when the bed temperature is too high, the coal supply is automatically reduced or the air volume is increased to prevent the generation of harmful substances such as nitrogen oxides; and when the oxygen supply is insufficient, the air volume is increased in time to ensure the full combustion of coal powder and reduce the emission of incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide; this efficient and environmentally friendly combustion method not only meets the requirements of modern industry for energy conservation and emission reduction, but also makes a positive contribution to environmental protection.

[0025] Thirdly, the present invention adopts advanced control technology and fault diagnosis technology in the whole process from base material preheating to combustion termination and cleaning. The automatic adjustment function of the non-identification adaptive predictive controller can adapt to different operating conditions and working condition changes without human intervention, thereby improving the adaptability and stability of the system. At the same time, real-time monitoring and timely adjustment strategies during the combustion process effectively prevent the occurrence of adverse situations such as flameout or deflagration. The fault diagnosis technology integrates the dual diagnostic capabilities of process and instrumentation to provide detailed and accurate fault information and maintenance guidance, greatly shortening the time for troubleshooting and repair, and reducing the economic losses caused by downtime due to faults. These measures jointly improve the safety and reliability of the CFB boiler system and ensure the long-term stable operation of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is the overall schematic structure diagram of the combustion control system of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2 It is the overall schematic structural diagram of the combustion method of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by technicians in the technical field of this application; the terms used in the specification of the application herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of this application or the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects, not to describe a specific order.

[0029] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.

[0030] The embodiment of the present invention provides a CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability, such as Figure 1-2As shown, it includes a heating boiler, a combustion control unit, and a combustion optimization unit, and the heating boiler, the combustion control unit and the combustion optimization unit are electrically connected; the combustion control unit includes a bottom material preheating module, an ignition control module, a coal feeding and ignition control module; the combustion optimization unit includes a combustion adjustment and stabilization module, a combustion transition and complete combustion control module, a combustion end and cleaning module and a fault diagnosis technology; wherein the bottom material preheating module is connected to the heating boiler through a non-identification adaptive prediction controller, and the adaptive prediction controller uses advanced algorithms to perform real-time prediction and correction on the system, automatically adjusts the control parameters, and can adapt to changes in operating conditions and working conditions without human intervention, thereby improving the stability and response speed of the system; the bottom material preheating module also includes: a bottom material arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the heating boiler, and the bottom material is any one of bed material, sand, and limestone; the bottom material preheating module is used to increase the temperature and activity of the bottom material to reduce the energy loss during ignition, accelerate the ignition process of coal, and provide a stable and good initial condition for subsequent combustion.

[0031] It should be noted that the disadvantage of the CFB boiler combustion control system is that its complexity and dynamics make it difficult for traditional fixed control strategies to adapt to changing operating conditions and fuel characteristics, affecting combustion efficiency, increasing pollutant emissions, and may cause safety problems such as flameout or deflagration, reducing system stability and reliability. This solution optimizes the entire chain from base material preheating to combustion termination and cleaning, significantly improving the comprehensive performance of the CFB boiler combustion system; the application of non-identification adaptive predictive controller ensures the high efficiency and accuracy of base material preheating, laying a good foundation for the combustion process; pulsating coal feeding and real-time monitoring technology ensure the continuity and stability of the combustion process, effectively avoiding problems such as over-temperature and unstable combustion; the intelligent control module further improves the combustion efficiency and economy, while significantly reducing pollutant emissions, meeting the stringent requirements of modern industry for energy conservation and emission reduction; in addition, advanced fault diagnosis technology improves the safety and reliability of the system, reduces the economic losses caused by fault downtime, and ensures the long-term stable operation of the equipment.

[0032] Specifically, in this embodiment, this scheme mainly includes a heating boiler, a combustion control unit, and a combustion optimization unit, and the heating boiler, the combustion control unit and the combustion optimization unit are electrically connected; when the system is started, it first enters the bottom material preheating stage; in this stage, the bottom material preheating module is connected to the heating boiler through a non-identification adaptive prediction controller, and the controller uses advanced algorithms to perform real-time prediction and correction of the preheating process of the bottom material in the boiler; the bottom material is laid on the bottom of the inner cavity of the heating boiler, and the non-identification adaptive prediction controller automatically adjusts the control parameters without manual intervention to adapt to different operating conditions and working condition changes; through preheating, the temperature and activity of the bottom material are improved, which not only reduces the energy loss during ignition, but also accelerates the ignition process of coal, laying a good foundation for subsequent stable combustion;

[0033] As the base material is preheated to the appropriate temperature, the coal or other fuel on the base material is ignited and the combustion process officially begins. At this time, according to the preset combustion requirements and the real-time monitored combustion status, the coal input amount and rate are precisely controlled to ensure the continuity and stability of the combustion process. At the same time, the module is also responsible for monitoring the ignition situation and adjusting the control strategy in time to prevent adverse situations such as flameout or deflagration.

[0034] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the ignition control module selects a suitable ignition method according to the specific type of the heating boiler and the type of fuel used; the ignition control module needs to accurately control the ignition time and ignition energy to ensure successful ignition and avoid safety accidents;

[0035] ①. For a heating boiler using solid fuel, the charcoal ignition method is adopted. First, the charcoal is ignited and pushed into the furnace. Then, the non-identification adaptive predictive controller monitors the combustion state of the charcoal. After it burns vigorously and stably, the ignition coal is added to further initiate and maintain the combustion in the furnace, thereby successfully starting the furnace;

[0036] ②. For heating boilers using liquid or gaseous fuels, the ignition control module will use an oil gun or an air gun for ignition. During this process, the non-identifying adaptive predictive controller will accurately control the injection volume, injection timing and ignition energy output of the oil gun or air gun to ensure effective contact and rapid combustion between the fuel and the ignition source.

[0037] In this embodiment, for solid fuels, the charcoal ignition method is adopted and the primer coal is gradually introduced, which can gradually increase the furnace temperature and create a more stable environment for coal combustion. This gradual starting method helps to reduce energy loss during ignition and accelerate the coal ignition process. For liquid or gas fuels, the precisely controlled ignition process can ensure effective contact between the fuel and the ignition source, thereby achieving rapid and stable combustion start-up.

[0038] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the coal feeding and ignition control module is responsible for monitoring the ignition status of the coal throughout the entire process. The coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsating coal feeding method, which can effectively control the coal feeding rate to avoid a sharp rise in bed temperature caused by too fast coal feeding or unstable combustion caused by too slow coal feeding. At the same time, the coal feeding and ignition control module also monitors the changes in bed temperature and oxygen content in real time, and ensures that the coal can ignite normally and maintain stable combustion by adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume.

[0039] In this embodiment, the coal feeding and ignition control module realizes fine control of the combustion process by adopting a pulsating coal feeding method and real-time monitoring of the coal ignition state, bed temperature and oxygen content changes; it can ensure that the coal combustion is neither too intense, avoiding a sharp rise in bed temperature, nor too weak, preventing unstable combustion, thereby maintaining a stable and efficient combustion state; by dynamically adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume, the non-identifying adaptive predictive controller can quickly respond to changes in combustion conditions and maintain an optimal balance between bed temperature and oxygen content, thereby improving combustion efficiency, reducing energy waste and pollutant emissions, and also enhancing the safety and reliability of the boiler system.

[0040] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the combustion adjustment and stabilization module automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and air door opening control parameters according to the real-time changes of the key parameters of the heating boiler bed temperature, oxygen content and air-coal ratio. The combustion adjustment and stabilization module can maintain the stability and economy of the combustion process while reducing pollutant emissions. When the bed temperature is too high, the coal feed is reduced or the air volume is increased to lower the bed temperature; when the oxygen content is insufficient, the air volume is increased to improve the combustion efficiency.

[0041] In this embodiment, the combustion adjustment and stabilization module realizes refined and intelligent control of the combustion process by real-time monitoring of key parameters such as the bed temperature, oxygen content, and air-coal ratio of the heating boiler, and automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume, and air damper opening accordingly; it can not only significantly improve the stability and economy of the combustion process and ensure that the boiler operates in a high-efficiency range, but also effectively reduce pollutant emissions and protect the environment; specifically, when the bed temperature is too high, the module will automatically reduce the coal feed or increase the air volume to prevent overheating from damaging the boiler and reduce the generation of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides; and when the oxygen content is insufficient, the air volume will be increased in time to ensure full combustion of the coal powder, improve combustion efficiency, and reduce emissions of incomplete combustion products such as carbon monoxide; this dynamic adjustment strategy makes the combustion process safer, more efficient, and more environmentally friendly.

[0042] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1As shown, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module is used to adjust parameters such as coal feed rate and air volume to ensure that the coal can be completely burned and release maximum heat. The combustion transition and complete combustion control module improves combustion efficiency and reduces unburned losses by optimizing the combustion process.

[0043] In this embodiment, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module ensures that the coal can be completely burned during the combustion process by finely adjusting parameters such as the coal feed rate and air volume, thereby maximizing the heat release; it not only significantly improves the combustion efficiency and reduces energy waste, but also greatly reduces unburned losses, and reduces the carbon particles discharged with the flue gas due to the failure of coal powder to be fully burned; this efficient combustion method not only improves the economy of the boiler, but also reduces the pollutant emissions caused by incomplete combustion, which has positive significance for environmental protection.

[0044] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the combustion end and cleaning module is responsible for gradually stopping parameters such as coal supply and air volume, so that the boiler gradually cools down and stops combustion, and performs cleaning and maintenance work on the inside of the boiler. The cleaning work includes removing ash and checking the wear of components such as burners, etc., to ensure the long-term stable operation of the boiler.

[0045] In this embodiment, the combustion termination and cleaning module ensures the safe shutdown and long-term stable operation of the boiler by orderly stopping the coal supply and air volume and performing thorough cleaning and maintenance work; it not only avoids overheating or residual combustion that may occur in the boiler during the shutdown process, but also ensures the safety of equipment and operators; at the same time, by removing ash and checking the wear of components, it effectively prevents performance degradation and failure risks caused by ash accumulation or wear, thereby extending the service life of the boiler and improving the overall operating efficiency and reliability.

[0046] In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 1 As shown, the fault diagnosis technology includes two parts: process fault diagnosis and instrument fault diagnosis. The fault diagnosis technology uses fuzzy mathematics to quantitatively describe the real-time operating conditions of the CFB boiler and perform online adaptive diagnosis. By constructing a fuzzy fault diagnosis model and real-time tuning of parameters such as the air-coal ratio, particle concentration and oxygen content, the safety and reliability of the system are improved, and accurate fault information and maintenance guidance are provided to maintenance personnel.

[0047] In this embodiment, the fault diagnosis technology integrates the dual diagnostic capabilities of the process and the instrument, and uses fuzzy mathematics to accurately quantify and perform online adaptive diagnosis of the real-time operating conditions of the CFB boiler, which not only improves the safety and reliability of the system, but also ensures the efficient and stable operation of the boiler by real-time tuning of key parameters such as the air-coal ratio, particle concentration and oxygen content; at the same time, it provides maintenance personnel with detailed and accurate fault information and maintenance guidance, greatly shortens the time for fault detection and repair, and reduces the economic losses caused by fault downtime.

[0048] The present invention also provides a CFB boiler combustion method based on high stability, comprising:

[0049] Bottom material preheating and intelligent start-up: First, enter the bottom material preheating stage; use the non-identification adaptive prediction controller to make real-time prediction and automatic correction of the preheating process of the bottom material in the boiler. In this stage, by increasing the temperature and activity of the bottom material, it not only reduces the energy loss during ignition, but also accelerates the ignition process of coal, laying a solid foundation for subsequent stable combustion;

[0050] Fine coal feeding and ignition control: As the bed material is preheated to the appropriate temperature, the coal or other fuel on the bed material is ignited, and the combustion process officially begins; the coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsed coal feeding method, and monitors the coal ignition state, bed temperature and oxygen content changes in real time. By dynamically adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume, it ensures that the combustion process is neither too intense nor too weak, maintaining a stable and efficient combustion state;

[0051] Combustion adjustment and stability optimization: The combustion adjustment and stability module monitors the key parameters of the heating boiler in real time, and automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and air door opening accordingly, realizing refined and intelligent control of the combustion process; through dynamic adjustment strategies, this module not only improves the stability and economy of the combustion process, but also significantly reduces pollutant emissions and protects the environment;

[0052] Combustion transition and complete combustion control: To ensure that the coal is completely burned during the combustion process, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module further fine-tunes parameters such as coal feed and air volume; this step maximizes the release of coal heat, reduces energy waste and unburned losses, and reduces pollutant emissions;

[0053] End of combustion and cleaning maintenance: When the combustion process is finished, the end of combustion and cleaning module stops the coal supply and air volume in an orderly manner, and performs thorough cleaning and maintenance work; by removing ash and checking the wear of components, the module effectively prevents performance degradation and failure risks caused by ash accumulation or wear, thereby extending the service life of the boiler and improving overall operating efficiency.

[0054] It should be noted that, for the above-mentioned embodiments, for the sake of simplicity, they are all described as a series of action combinations, but those skilled in the art should know that the present invention is not limited by the described order of actions, because according to the present invention, some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously. Secondly, those skilled in the art should also know that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily required by the present invention.

[0055] In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed devices can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are merely schematic, such as the division of the above-mentioned units. There may be other division methods in actual implementation, such as multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be through some interfaces, and the indirect coupling or communication connection between devices or units can be in the form of telecommunication or other forms.

[0056] The units described above as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.

[0057] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the scope of protection of the invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Based on these embodiments, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field can still combine, add, delete or make other adjustments to the features in the various embodiments of the present invention according to the circumstances without conflict, without making creative work, so as to obtain different other technical solutions that do not deviate from the concept of the present invention in essence, and these technical solutions also belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. Based on high stability CFB boiler combustion control system, characterized by: include: A heating boiler, a combustion control unit, and a combustion optimization unit, wherein the heating boiler, the combustion control unit, and the combustion optimization unit are electrically connected; The combustion control unit includes a bottom material preheating module, an ignition control module, a coal feeding and ignition control module; the combustion optimization unit includes a combustion adjustment and stabilization module, a combustion transition and complete combustion control module, a combustion end and cleaning module and a fault diagnosis technology; The bottom material preheating module is connected to the heating boiler through a non-identification adaptive predictive controller. The adaptive predictive controller uses advanced algorithms to predict and correct the system in real time, automatically adjusts the control parameters, and can adapt to changes in operating conditions and working conditions without manual intervention, thereby improving the stability and response speed of the system. The bottom material preheating module further includes: bottom material arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the heating boiler, wherein the bottom material is any one of bed material, sand and limestone; The bottom material preheating module is used to increase the temperature and activity of the bottom material to reduce energy loss during ignition, accelerate the ignition process of the coal, and provide a stable and good initial condition for subsequent combustion.

2. The high stability CFB boiler combustion control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ignition control module selects a suitable ignition method according to the specific type of the heating boiler and the type of fuel used; the ignition control module needs to accurately control the ignition time and ignition energy to ensure successful ignition and avoid safety accidents; ①. For a heating boiler using solid fuel, the charcoal ignition method is adopted. First, the charcoal is ignited and pushed into the furnace. Then, the non-identification adaptive predictive controller monitors the combustion state of the charcoal. After it burns vigorously and stably, the ignition coal is added to further initiate and maintain the combustion in the furnace, thereby successfully starting the furnace; ②. For heating boilers using liquid or gaseous fuels, the ignition control module will use an oil gun or an air gun for ignition. During this process, the non-identifying adaptive predictive controller will accurately control the injection volume, injection timing and ignition energy output of the oil gun or air gun to ensure effective contact and rapid combustion between the fuel and the ignition source.

3. The CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coal feeding and ignition control module is responsible for monitoring the ignition status of the coal throughout the entire process. The coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsating coal feeding method, which can effectively control the coal feeding rate to avoid a sharp increase in bed temperature caused by too fast coal feeding or unstable combustion caused by too slow coal feeding. At the same time, the coal feeding and ignition control module also monitors the changes in bed temperature and oxygen content in real time, and ensures that the coal can ignite normally and maintain stable combustion by adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume.

4. The CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion adjustment and stabilization module automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and damper opening control parameters according to the real-time changes of the key parameters of the heating boiler bed temperature, oxygen content and air-coal ratio. The combustion adjustment and stabilization module can maintain the stability and economy of the combustion process while reducing pollutant emissions. When the bed temperature is too high, the coal feed is reduced or the air volume is increased to lower the bed temperature; when the oxygen content is insufficient, the air volume is increased to improve the combustion efficiency.

5. The CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion transition and complete combustion control module is used to adjust parameters such as coal feed rate and air volume to ensure that the coal can be completely burned and release maximum heat. The combustion transition and complete combustion control module improves combustion efficiency and reduces unburned losses by optimizing the combustion process.

6. The CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion end and cleaning module is responsible for gradually stopping parameters such as coal supply and air volume, so that the boiler gradually cools down and stops combustion, and cleans and maintains the inside of the boiler. The cleaning work includes removing ash and checking the wear of components such as burners, etc., to ensure the long-term stable operation of the boiler.

7. The CFB boiler combustion control system based on high stability according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fault diagnosis technology includes two parts: process fault diagnosis and instrument fault diagnosis. The fault diagnosis technology uses fuzzy mathematics to quantitatively describe the real-time operating conditions of the CFB boiler and conduct online adaptive diagnosis. By constructing a fuzzy fault diagnosis model and real-time tuning of parameters such as the air-coal ratio, particle concentration and oxygen content, the safety and reliability of the system are improved, and accurate fault information and maintenance guidance are provided to maintenance personnel.

8. A CFB boiler combustion method based on high stability, characterized in that: include: Base material preheating and intelligent start: first enter the base material preheating stage; The non-identification adaptive predictive controller is used to make real-time prediction and automatic correction of the preheating process of the bottom material in the boiler. In this stage, by increasing the temperature and activity of the bottom material, it not only reduces the energy loss during ignition, but also accelerates the ignition process of the coal, laying a solid foundation for subsequent stable combustion. Fine coal feeding and ignition control: As the bed material is preheated to the appropriate temperature, the coal or other fuel on the bed material is ignited, and the combustion process officially begins; the coal feeding and ignition control module adopts a pulsed coal feeding method, and monitors the coal ignition state, bed temperature and oxygen content changes in real time. By dynamically adjusting the coal feeding amount and air volume, it ensures that the combustion process is neither too intense nor too weak, maintaining a stable and efficient combustion state; Combustion adjustment and stability optimization: The combustion adjustment and stability module monitors the key parameters of the heating boiler in real time, and automatically adjusts the coal feed, air volume and air door opening accordingly, realizing refined and intelligent control of the combustion process; through dynamic adjustment strategies, this module not only improves the stability and economy of the combustion process, but also significantly reduces pollutant emissions and protects the environment; Combustion transition and complete combustion control: To ensure that the coal is completely burned during the combustion process, the combustion transition and complete combustion control module further fine-tunes parameters such as coal feed and air volume; this step maximizes the release of coal heat, reduces energy waste and unburned losses, and reduces pollutant emissions; End of combustion and cleaning maintenance: When the combustion process is finished, the end of combustion and cleaning module stops the coal supply and air volume in an orderly manner, and performs thorough cleaning and maintenance work; by removing ash and checking the wear of components, the module effectively prevents performance degradation and failure risks caused by ash accumulation or wear, thereby extending the service life of the boiler and improving overall operating efficiency.

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