Method and device for automatically identifying stratum unconformity surface from seismic data

Abstract

The invention discloses a method and device for automatically identifying a stratum unconformity surface from seismic data, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the seismic stratigraphic body analysis of the seismic data of a research region, and determining a first-year stratigraphic body; performing spatial interpolation processing on the first-year stratigraphic body to obtain a second-year stratigraphic body; respectively determining a relative stratum thickness body, a relative stratum amplitude difference body and a relative stratum dip angle body according to the second-year stratum body; determining a stratum unconformity characteristic body according to the relative stratum thickness body, the relative stratum amplitude difference body and the relative stratum dip angle body; and determining a stratum unconformity surface according to the stratum unconformity characteristic body.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of seismic signal processing and geological comprehensive research, and in particular to a method and device for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data. Background Art

[0002] According to statistics and estimates, 70-75% of the total reserves of various economically significant mineral resources on the earth are of sedimentary or sedimentary metamorphic origin. Sedimentary rock strata are rich areas of various solid, fluid or gas mineral resources. In addition to the well-known energy minerals such as oil, natural gas, coal, uranium, etc., sedimentary strata also contain various salt minerals and sedimentary metal minerals. Among them, most aluminum ores, phosphate ores, most manganese ores, and iron ores are stored in sedimentary rocks or related to sedimentary rocks. In addition, gold, tungsten, tin, diamonds and various rare element minerals are often stored in sand and gravel in the form of sand ores. Therefore, the exploration of sedimentary rock strata is of great significance to the economic and social development of mankind.

[0003] According to sedimentary petrology and geological theory, under the influence of water dynamics and gravity, sedimentary rocks are usually distributed in layers, usually referred to as "strata". The so-called stratum is a general term for all layered rocks on the earth's surface or in the lithosphere. It is a layer or a group of rock layers with certain consistent or similar lithology and physical properties and is clearly distinguished from the upper and lower layers. The main types of strata include volcanic strata, metamorphic strata and sedimentary strata. Strata can be separated by obvious layers or sedimentary discontinuities, or by inconspicuous characteristic boundaries such as lithology, fossils, mineral composition or chemical composition, physical properties, etc.

[0004] Sedimentary rock strata have the characteristics of stratification and rhythm. In a normal sedimentary environment (i.e., the strata have not been reversed), the first-formed strata are at the bottom and the later-formed strata are at the top. The interface between the layers can be an obvious plane or sedimentary discontinuity, or an unconformity formed by weathering, water erosion, etc. The so-called unconformity refers to the stratigraphic interface where the sedimentary area once suffered regional uplift, sedimentary discontinuity and erosion occurred, and then sedimentation occurred again in the later period, resulting in the loss, pinching out, and drastic changes in thickness of some parts of the adjacent strata. The unconformity can indicate that the sedimentary characteristics between adjacent strata have undergone some or some drastic changes, and separate the new and old strata with a certain geological age discontinuity in the form of an erosion surface, and there are always some geological age strata missing between the upper and lower strata. In the strata near the unconformity (usually the underlying strata), geological phenomena such as rock weathering, holes, caves, and cracks are developed. In addition, since the strata above and below the unconformity surface were deposited in different geological periods, the lithology, mineral composition and various physical properties of the strata are obviously different, resulting in obvious differences in seismic responses.

[0005] In oil and gas exploration, stratigraphic unconformity is an important tectonic phenomenon and mineralization indicator. Mineralization belts are usually developed near unconformity surfaces, which are favorable channels and storage places for the mineralization of mineral resources such as oil and natural gas, and play an important role in oil and gas exploration. Therefore, the identification of stratigraphic unconformity surfaces is one of the key steps in comprehensive geological research, especially sequence stratigraphic interpretation.

[0006] In some technologies, the identification of stratigraphic unconformity surfaces mainly relies on the use of seismic data and is mainly achieved through manual visual recognition, which is not only inefficient but also lacks objectivity. Since seismic data contains effective information that can reflect stratigraphic unconformity surfaces and seismic exploration is currently the most important means of oil and gas exploration, it is an urgent problem to realize a method that only uses seismic information and automatically identifies and extracts stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present application provides a method and device for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data. The method can determine relative stratigraphic thickness bodies, relative stratigraphic amplitude difference bodies and relative stratigraphic dip bodies based on seismic data, and then automatically identify stratigraphic unconformity surfaces, thereby improving the efficiency, accuracy and objectivity of seismic data interpretation, sequence stratigraphic interpretation and comprehensive geological research.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data, the method comprising:

[0009] Seismic stratigraphic analysis was performed on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic body;

[0010] Performing spatial interpolation processing on the stratigraphic body of the first age to obtain a stratigraphic body of the second age;

[0011] Determine a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body respectively according to the second chronological stratigraphic body;

[0012] Determine a stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body;

[0013] The stratigraphic unconformity surface is determined according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body.

[0014] In an exemplary embodiment, the step of performing seismic stratigraphic analysis on seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic body includes:

[0015] Seismic data in the study area were analyzed using seismic stratigraphic volume analysis techniques to determine multiple horizons;

[0016] The determined multiple horizons are combined according to the sequence of stratigraphic deposition to form a first-generation stratigraphic body.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment, performing spatial interpolation processing on the first chronological stratigraphic volume to obtain a second chronological stratigraphic volume includes:

[0018] The data of each layer in the first-age stratigraphic volume is spatially interpolated according to a time interpolation method to form a second-age stratigraphic volume.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment, determining a relative stratigraphic thickness volume according to the second chronological stratigraphic volume includes:

[0020] In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second chronological stratigraphic body is used as a first layer, and a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer;

[0021] If the first horizon forms a horizon pair, the following operations are performed: the next horizon adjacent to the first horizon is used as the second horizon, and a time difference matrix is ​​determined according to the time of each horizon point of the first horizon and the time of the corresponding horizon point of the second horizon; each element in the time difference matrix is ​​normalized; and the normalized time difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon;

[0022] If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon;

[0023] The determined relative stratigraphic thickness matrices are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional sequence to obtain a relative stratigraphic thickness volume.

[0024] In an exemplary embodiment, determining a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body according to the second chronological stratigraphic body includes:

[0025] In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second age stratigraphic body is used as a first layer; a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer;

[0026] If the first layer forms a layer pair, the following operations are performed: the next layer adjacent to the first layer is used as the second layer, the absolute value of the seismic amplitude difference is determined according to the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the first layer and the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the second layer, and an amplitude difference matrix is ​​established; each element in the amplitude difference matrix is ​​normalized; the normalized amplitude difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first layer;

[0027] If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first horizon;

[0028] The relative stratigraphic amplitude matrices of all horizons are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body.

[0029] In an exemplary embodiment, determining a relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second chronological stratigraphic body includes:

[0030] Each horizon in the second-generation stratigraphic body is regarded as the first horizon in the order of the horizons from top to bottom;

[0031] Calculating the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer respectively, and establishing a formation dip angle matrix of the first layer according to the relative formation dip angles of all layer points;

[0032] The stratigraphic dip matrix of all horizons is combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain a stratigraphic dip matrix sequence;

[0033] The formation dip matrix sequence is subjected to vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization to obtain the relative formation dip body.

[0034] In an exemplary embodiment, calculating the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer position includes:

[0035] In the first layer position, one layer site is selected in turn as the first layer site, and a layer site right adjacent to the first layer site is selected to form a layer site pair;

[0036] If the first layer of sites forms a layer site pair, the following operations are performed:

[0037] Using the layer site adjacent to the first layer site as the second layer site;

[0038] Calculating the time difference between the second layer site and the first layer site;

[0039] Using the calculated time difference as the relative formation dip angle of the first layer position;

[0040] If the first layer site cannot form a layer site pair, the opposite number of the relative formation dip of the layer site adjacent to the left of the first layer site is used as the relative formation dip of the first layer site.

[0041] In an exemplary embodiment, the vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization processing of the formation dip matrix sequence to obtain a relative formation dip body includes:

[0042] Obtaining relative formation dip angles of formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point in the formation dip angle matrix sequence;

[0043] The relative stratigraphic dip angles of the stratigraphic points of different stratigraphic positions corresponding to the same coordinate point are interpolated nonlinearly to obtain a relative stratigraphic dip angle sequence arranged at equal intervals vertically.

[0044] The vertically equally spaced relative formation dip angle sequences are normalized to obtain the relative formation dip angle body.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body comprises:

[0046] The relative formation thickness body, the relative formation amplitude difference body and the relative formation dip body are weighted averaged to form a formation unconformity feature body.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, determining a stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body includes:

[0048] Performing first-order derivative calculation on the stratigraphic unconformity feature to obtain a first-order derivative sequence;

[0049] Normalizing the first-order derivative sequence to obtain a stratigraphic unconformity index sequence;

[0050] The unconformity surface is determined according to the formation unconformity index sequence and a preset threshold.

[0051] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the unconformity surface according to the formation unconformity index sequence and a preset threshold value includes:

[0052] If the stratigraphic unconformity index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the horizon corresponding to the stratigraphic unconformity index is a stratigraphic unconformity surface;

[0053] If the stratigraphic unconformity index is less than a preset threshold, the horizon is a stratigraphic conformity surface.

[0054] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a device for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data, comprising a first-generation stratigraphic volume analysis module, a second-generation stratigraphic volume analysis module, a stratigraphic unconformity attribute volume calculation module, a stratigraphic unconformity feature volume calculation module, and a stratigraphic unconformity surface calculation module;

[0055] The first-generation stratigraphic volume analysis module is used to perform seismic stratigraphic volume analysis on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic volume;

[0056] The second-age stratigraphic volume analysis module is used to perform spatial interpolation processing on the first-age stratigraphic volume to obtain a second-age stratigraphic volume;

[0057] The stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module is used to respectively determine a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second chronological stratigraphic body;

[0058] The stratigraphic unconformity feature body calculation module is used to determine the stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body;

[0059] The stratigraphic unconformity surface calculation module is used to determine the stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment, the stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module includes a relative stratigraphic thickness body calculation unit, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body calculation unit, and a relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit;

[0061] The relative stratigraphic thickness volume calculation unit is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip volume based on the second chronological stratigraphic volume;

[0062] a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume calculation unit, used for determining the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume according to the second stratigraphic volume;

[0063] The relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second stratigraphic body.

[0064] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a computer program product capable of automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0065] Compared with the related art, the present application provides a method and device for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data, the method comprising: performing seismic stratigraphic volume analysis on the seismic data of the study area to determine a first-age stratigraphic volume; performing spatial interpolation processing on the first-age stratigraphic volume to obtain a second-age stratigraphic volume; determining a relative stratigraphic thickness volume, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume, and a relative stratigraphic dip volume respectively according to the second-age stratigraphic volume; determining a stratigraphic unconformity feature volume according to the relative stratigraphic thickness volume, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume, and the relative stratigraphic dip volume; and determining a stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature volume. The present application determines a relative stratigraphic thickness volume, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume, and a relative stratigraphic dip volume according to seismic data, and further automatically identifies a stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the determined relative stratigraphic thickness volume, relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume, and relative stratigraphic dip volume, thereby improving the efficiency, accuracy, and objectivity of sequence stratigraphic interpretation.

[0066] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or be understood by implementing the present application. Other advantages of the present application can be realized and obtained by the schemes described in the description and the drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0067] The accompanying drawings are used to provide an understanding of the technical solution of the present application and constitute a part of the specification. Together with the embodiments of the present application, they are used to explain the technical solution of the present application and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solution of the present application.

[0068] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0069] Figure 2 is a flow chart for determining a relative stratigraphic thickness volume from a second-generation stratigraphic volume in some exemplary embodiments;

[0070] Figure 3 is a flow chart for determining a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume based on a second-generation stratigraphic volume in some exemplary embodiments;

[0071] Figure 4 is a flow chart for determining a relative stratigraphic dip volume from a second-generation stratigraphic volume in some exemplary embodiments;

[0072] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of stratigraphic points of horizons in some exemplary embodiments;

[0073] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the positions of the first stratigraphic point and the second stratigraphic point in some exemplary embodiments;

[0074] Figure 7A schematic diagram of a device for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0075] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of an attribute body calculation module in some exemplary embodiments;

[0076] Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of seismic cross section in some exemplary embodiments;

[0077] Fig.10 is a first chronological stratigraphic volume extracted from seismic data in some exemplary embodiments;

[0078] Fig.11 is a cross-sectional view of stratigraphic dip attributes extracted from seismic data based on a chronostratigraphic volume in some exemplary embodiments;

[0079] Fig.12 is a schematic diagram of stratigraphic unconformity indices determined in some exemplary embodiments;

[0080] Fig.13 is a schematic diagram of stratigraphic unconformities identified in some exemplary embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] The present application describes multiple embodiments, but the description is exemplary rather than restrictive, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that there may be more embodiments and implementations within the scope of the embodiments described in the present application. Although many possible feature combinations are shown in the drawings and discussed in the specific embodiments, many other combinations of the disclosed features are also possible. Unless specifically limited, any feature or element of any embodiment may be used in combination with any other feature or element in any other embodiment, or may replace any other feature or element in any other embodiment.

[0082] The present application includes and contemplates combinations of features and elements known to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiments, features and elements disclosed in the present application may also be combined with any conventional features or elements to form a unique invention scheme defined by the claims. Any features or elements of any embodiment may also be combined with features or elements from other invention schemes to form another unique invention scheme defined by the claims. Therefore, it should be understood that any feature shown and / or discussed in the present application may be implemented individually or in any appropriate combination. Therefore, except for the limitations made according to the attached claims and their equivalents, the embodiments are not subject to other restrictions. In addition, various modifications and changes may be made within the scope of protection of the attached claims.

[0083] In addition, when describing representative embodiments, the specification may have presented the method and / or process as a specific sequence of steps. However, to the extent that the method or process does not rely on the specific order of the steps described herein, the method or process should not be limited to the steps of the specific order described. As will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, other sequences of steps are also possible. Therefore, the specific sequence of the steps set forth in the specification should not be interpreted as a limitation to the claims. In addition, the claims for the method and / or process should not be limited to the steps of performing them in the order written, and those skilled in the art can easily understand that these sequences can be changed and still remain within the spirit and scope of the embodiments of the present application.

[0084] Stratigraphic unconformity is usually the sequence boundary in sequence stratigraphic research, an indicator of sedimentary sequence interface or sedimentary discontinuity, the main mark for identifying sequences and system tracts in sequence stratigraphic interpretation, and an important basis for sedimentary cycle analysis. Therefore, it plays an important role in the study of stratigraphic sedimentary characteristics and sequence stratigraphic analysis.

[0085] Stratigraphic unconformity usually has the following characteristics on seismic sections:

[0086] (1) The strata above and below the unconformity surface have termination and pinch-out characteristics, which are manifested as rapid changes in stratum thickness on seismic sections;

[0087] (2) The lithology, mineral composition and various physical properties of the strata above and below the unconformity surface are significantly different, and are usually affected by weathering and erosion to form a strip-shaped weathering zone, which is usually manifested in a strong reflection on the seismic profile and a dramatic change in the seismic response intensity (i.e., the amplitude of the seismic wave) of the adjacent strata;

[0088] (3) The strata above and below the unconformity surface have different attitudes (lateral distribution characteristics of the strata), which is reflected in the seismic profile as large or drastic changes in the strata dip angle.

[0089] Through the above analysis, information such as stratum thickness, seismic reflection intensity (seismic wave amplitude) and stratum dip in the seismic response are the main characteristics that distinguish the stratigraphic unconformity surface from other stratigraphic interfaces. Therefore, based on the above characteristics, the stratigraphic unconformity surface can be automatically identified from seismic data.

[0090] In some technologies, sequence stratigraphic interpretation mainly relies on the use of seismic data to identify artificial stratigraphic unconformities and sequence interfaces, which is not only inefficient but also lacks objectivity. Based on the problems existing in conventional seismic data interpretation, sequence stratigraphic interpretation and comprehensive geological research, the inventors proposed a method for automatically identifying and extracting stratigraphic unconformities from seismic data, and using these stratigraphic unconformity information to establish a sequence stratigraphic framework, thereby improving the efficiency of sequence stratigraphic interpretation and comprehensive geological research.

[0091] The embodiment of the present invention provides a method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes steps S100-S140, which are specifically as follows:

[0092] Step S100: Perform seismic stratigraphic analysis on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first generation stratigraphic body;

[0093] Step S110: performing spatial interpolation processing on the stratigraphic body of the first age to obtain the stratigraphic body of the second age;

[0094] Step S120: determining a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body respectively according to the second chronological stratigraphic body;

[0095] Step S130: determining a stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body, and a relative stratigraphic dip body;

[0096] Step S140: determining the stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body.

[0097] In this embodiment, the seismic data of the study area are subjected to seismic stratigraphic analysis to form a first chronostratigraphic body. The chronostratigraphic body refers to the use of seismic stratigraphic body analysis technology to automatically extract a stratigraphic sequence that can reflect the spatial morphology of the stratigraphic layer from the seismic data body, and orderly combine the stratigraphic sequence into a chronostratigraphic body. The chronostratigraphic body is composed of one or more layers, and the layers cannot be crossed. The order of the layers represents the order of change from new to old in the stratigraphic deposition; for example, the layers from top to bottom represent the stratigraphic deposition from new to old, the upper stratigraphic deposition is newer, and the lower stratigraphic deposition is older.

[0098] In an exemplary embodiment, seismic stratigraphic volume analysis is performed on seismic data of a study area to determine a first age stratigraphic volume, including: using a seismic stratigraphic volume analysis technique to determine a plurality of horizons on the seismic data of the study area; and combining the determined plurality of horizons according to the order of stratigraphic deposition to form a first age stratigraphic volume. In this embodiment, the seismic stratigraphic volume analysis technique is an automatic relative geological age volume analysis technique, which can automatically extract a set of horizons that can reflect the relative geological age and depositional characteristics of the strata from the seismic data.

[0099] In an exemplary embodiment, a first-generation stratigraphic body is subjected to spatial interpolation processing to obtain a second-generation stratigraphic body, including: spatially interpolating the data of each layer in the first-generation stratigraphic body according to a linear interpolation method to form a second-generation stratigraphic body. In this embodiment, the spatial interpolation processing of the first-generation stratigraphic body means that some layers in the first-generation stratigraphic body may be pinched out at locations where the stratum thickness changes drastically, resulting in these layers failing to fill the entire seismic measurement space, and the layers that do not fill the entire seismic measurement space are interpolated so that all layers have valid values ​​in the seismic space. There is no specific limitation on the interpolation processing method, and it can be layer interpolation based on the linear ratio between adjacent layers, or it can be layer interpolation based on a spatial trend surface.

[0100] In an exemplary embodiment, a relative stratigraphic thickness volume is determined based on the second stratigraphic volume, such as Figure 2 The flowchart of calculating the relative formation thickness volume is shown in FIG. 1 , and the implementation process includes:

[0101] Step 200.: In order of the layers from top to bottom (i.e., from the newest to the oldest in terms of geological age), each layer in the second age stratigraphic body is taken as the first layer, and a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer (the layer below the first layer); wherein the next layer adjacent to the first layer is the layer below the first layer in space, and the layer adjacent to the first layer and older in terms of geological age is taken as the second layer. The first layer and the second layer are taken as a layer pair. For example: in the second age stratigraphic body, there are 5 layers H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 from top to bottom; when H1 is selected as the first layer, H1 and H2 are formed into a layer pair; when H2 is selected as the first layer, H2 and H3 are formed into a layer pair; these 5 layers will form four layer pairs H1-H2, H2-H3, H3-H4, and H4-H5.

[0102] Step 210: If the first horizon forms a horizon pair, the following operations are performed: determine the time difference matrix according to the time of each horizon position of the first horizon and the time of the corresponding horizon position of the second horizon; normalize each element in the time difference matrix; use the normalized time difference matrix as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon; take the H1-H2 horizon pair as an example, the matrix constructed by the H1 horizon and the matrix constructed by the H2 are two matrices with the same dimension and size, and the elements in the matrix represent the stratigraphic values ​​of the horizon positions. Calculate the time difference between the two horizon matrices (i.e., calculate the time value of the corresponding position of each element of the H1 and H2 matrices) to form a time difference matrix; take the absolute value of each element in the time difference matrix and normalize it, and the normalized value range is [0.0,1.0]; use the normalized time difference matrix as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the H1 horizon.

[0103] Step 220: If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, that is, the first horizon is located at the bottom of the target layer section in the study area and there is no other horizon below the first horizon, the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon; for example: among the above five horizons, H5 is the lowest horizon and no horizon forms a horizon pair with H5, then the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of H4, the previous horizon of H5, is used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of H5.

[0104] Repeat steps 200-220, and after all layers are executed, perform operation step 230.

[0105] Step 230: Combine the determined relative stratigraphic thickness matrix according to the order of stratigraphic deposition to obtain a relative stratigraphic thickness body.

[0106] In an exemplary embodiment, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume is determined based on the second chronological stratigraphic volume, such as Figure 3 The flowchart of calculating the relative formation amplitude difference body is shown, and the implementation process includes:

[0107] Step 300: Take each horizon in the second-generation stratigraphic body as the first horizon in order from top to bottom; form a horizon pair based on the first horizon and the next horizon adjacent to the first horizon; for example: in the second-generation stratigraphic body, there are 5 horizons H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 from top to bottom; when H1 is selected as the first horizon, H1 and H2 form a horizon pair; when H2 is selected as the first horizon, H2 and H3 form a horizon pair; these 5 horizons will form four horizon pairs: H1-H2, H2-H3, H3-H4, and H4-H5.

[0108] Step 310: If the first layer forms a layer pair, the following operations are performed: the next layer adjacent to the first layer is taken as the second layer, the absolute value of the seismic amplitude difference is determined according to the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the first layer and the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the second layer, and an amplitude difference matrix is ​​established; each element in the amplitude difference matrix is ​​normalized; the normalized amplitude difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first layer. Taking the H1-H2 layer pair as an example, the matrix constructed by the H1 layer and the matrix constructed by the H2 are two matrices with the same dimension and size. Within the time range indicated by the same layer point of H1 and H2, the average seismic amplitude at the layer point is obtained to form an amplitude matrix; the absolute value of each element in the amplitude matrix is ​​taken and normalized, and the normalized value range is [0.0,1.0]; the normalized time difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude matrix of the H1 layer.

[0109] Step 320: If the first layer cannot form a layer pair, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the previous layer of the first layer is used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first layer; for example: the target layer section in the study area includes 5 layers H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5; H5 is the lowest layer. When H5 is used as the first layer, there is no layer below that forms a layer pair with H5, then the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of H4, the previous layer of H5, is used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude matrix of H5.

[0110] Repeat steps 300-320 to complete all the layers; that is, after calculating a relative formation amplitude difference matrix for each layer H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, respectively, perform operation step 330.

[0111] Step 330: Combine the determined relative formation amplitude difference matrix according to the order of formation deposition to obtain a relative formation amplitude difference volume.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, a relative stratigraphic dip volume is determined based on a second-generation stratigraphic volume, such as Figure 4 The flowchart of calculating the relative formation dip body is shown, and the implementation process includes:

[0113] Step 400: Each horizon in the second-generation stratigraphic body is used as the first horizon in order from top to bottom; for example, in the second-generation stratigraphic body, there are five horizons H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5 from top to bottom; when H1 is selected, H1 is used as the first horizon; when H5 is selected, H5 is used as the first horizon.

[0114] Step 410: Calculate the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer respectively, and establish the formation dip angle matrix of the first layer according to the relative formation dip angles of all layer points; Figure 5 The schematic diagram of a layer of sites is shown. It is necessary to calculate the relative stratigraphic dip of each layer site in this layer separately.

[0115] In this step, the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer is calculated, including:

[0116] Step 4101: In the first layer, take out one layer site in turn as the first layer site, and select the layer site adjacent to the right of the first layer site to form a layer site pair; in this embodiment, to calculate the relative stratigraphic inclination of each layer site in the first layer, the layer site adjacent to the right of the layer site can be selected to form a layer site pair, or the layer site adjacent to the left of the layer site can be selected to form a layer site pair, as long as the form is kept unified.

[0117] Step 4102: If the first layer sites form a layer site pair, perform the following operations:

[0118] Step 41021: using the layer site adjacent to the first layer site as the second layer site;

[0119] Step 41022: Calculate the time difference between the second layer site and the first layer site;

[0120] like Figure 6 As shown, in this step, the time difference formula for calculating the second layer site and the first layer site is: Δt 2,1 =t2-t1; t1 is the first layer site, t2 is the second layer site, Δt 2,1 is the time difference between the second layer site and the first layer site; if it is other layers, 1 and 2 in the above formula will change accordingly according to the layer number.

[0121] For each layer point in each layer, the time difference between the layer point and the adjacent layer point is calculated.

[0122] Step 41023: Use the calculated time difference as the relative formation inclination of the first layer site.

[0123] Step 4103: If the first layer site cannot form a layer site pair, the opposite of the relative formation dip of the left adjacent layer site of the first layer site (i.e., the product of the relative formation dip and -1) is used as the relative formation dip of the first layer site.

[0124] Step 420: combining the formation dip matrices of all horizons according to the formation deposition sequence to obtain a formation dip matrix sequence;

[0125] Step 430: Perform vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization processing on the formation dip matrix sequence to obtain a relative formation dip body.

[0126] In this step, vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization are performed on the formation dip matrix sequence to obtain a relative formation dip body. The process includes:

[0127] Step 4301: Obtaining relative formation dip angles of formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point in the formation dip angle matrix sequence;

[0128] Step 4302: performing nonlinear interpolation on the relative formation dip angles of the formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point, to obtain a relative formation dip angle sequence arranged at equal intervals in the vertical direction;

[0129] Step 4303: normalize the relative formation dip angle sequence arranged at equal intervals vertically to obtain a relative formation dip angle body.

[0130] In this step 4301, the relative formation dips with the same formation point number but different formation numbers, i.e., the relative formation dips of the formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point, are taken out in sequence from the seismic dip matrix of each formation; nonlinear interpolation is performed on the relative formation dips of the formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point to form a formation dip sequence arranged at equal intervals vertically.

[0131] In an exemplary embodiment, the stratigraphic unconformity feature body is determined according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body, including: the stratigraphic unconformity feature body is determined by using a weighted average method for the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body. In this embodiment, when performing the weighted average calculation, by default, the weight coefficient values ​​of the three data bodies are equal; they can also be set to unequal values ​​according to actual conditions, as long as the sum of the weight coefficients of the three data bodies is 1.0.

[0132] In an exemplary embodiment, determining a stratigraphic unconformity surface according to a stratigraphic unconformity feature body includes:

[0133] Step 1: Calculate the first-order derivative of the stratigraphic unconformity feature to obtain the first-order derivative sequence;

[0134] Step 2: Normalize the first-order derivative sequence to obtain the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence;

[0135] Step 3: Determine the unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence and the preset threshold. In this embodiment, the stratigraphic unconformity feature extracts the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence, which means that the stratigraphic unconformity feature is subjected to a first-order derivative operation to obtain a first-order derivative sequence of the seismic unconformity feature, and then the first-order derivative sequence is normalized, and the normalized first-order derivative sequence is referred to as the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence. The stratigraphic unconformity index can indicate the severity of the change in the characteristics of adjacent layers. The so-called derivative operation is a well-known calculation method, which is defined as the limit of the quotient of the increment of the dependent variable and the increment of the independent variable when the increment of the independent variable tends to zero. There are many types of derivatives, and the most commonly used is the first-order derivative. For the stratigraphic feature in this embodiment, the physical meaning of its first-order derivative is to reflect the rate of change of the stratigraphic characteristics of the adjacent strata, that is, the severity of the change in the stratigraphic characteristics. The larger the first-order derivative, the more drastic the change in the stratigraphic characteristics, and vice versa, the change is slow or there is no change.

[0136] In an exemplary embodiment, determining the unconformity surface according to the formation unconformity index sequence and a preset threshold value includes:

[0137] If the stratigraphic unconformity index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the horizon corresponding to the stratigraphic unconformity index is a stratigraphic unconformity surface;

[0138] If the stratigraphic unconformity index is less than the preset threshold, the horizon is a stratigraphic conformity surface. In this embodiment, the preset threshold is set according to the conditions of the specific area, for example, marking a horizon whose stratigraphic unconformity index is greater than the preset threshold as a stratigraphic unconformity surface means setting a value between 0.5 and 0.95 as the preset threshold range, reassigning the corresponding stratigraphic unconformity index of the horizon less than the preset threshold range to 0.0, and then marking the horizon whose stratigraphic unconformity index is not equal to 0.0 as a stratigraphic unconformity surface.

[0139] After the stratigraphic unconformity is determined, the stratigraphic unconformity sequence is output; this output refers to a software module that outputs the layers marked as stratigraphic unconformities in the order of their sequence in the chronostratigraphic body as computer disk files, computer images or other forms of data. The output form of the stratigraphic unconformity is a one-dimensional or two-dimensional matrix (array). If the seismic area is two-dimensional, a one-dimensional matrix (array) is output, and if the seismic area is three-dimensional, a two-dimensional matrix (array) is output, and each layer corresponds to a matrix (array).

[0140] The beneficial effect of the implementation of the present invention is that the stratigraphic unconformity surface is automatically identified in the chronostratigraphic domain by using the variation characteristics of stratigraphic thickness, stratigraphic dip and seismic reflection intensity, stratigraphic unconformity index analysis is performed without manual intervention, and possible stratigraphic unconformity surfaces are automatically identified and extracted from the chronostratigraphic body based on the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence. Since the mathematical analysis method adopted can quickly identify and extract stratigraphic unconformity surfaces, the efficiency, accuracy and objectivity of sequence stratigraphic interpretation can be effectively improved.

[0141] The present disclosure also provides a device for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data. Figure 7 As shown, it includes a first-generation stratigraphic body analysis module 700, a second-generation stratigraphic body analysis module 710, a stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module 720, a stratigraphic unconformity feature body calculation module 730 and a stratigraphic unconformity surface calculation module 740;

[0142] The first-generation stratigraphic volume analysis module 700 is used to perform seismic stratigraphic volume analysis on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic volume;

[0143] The second age stratigraphic volume analysis module 710 is used to perform spatial interpolation processing on the first age stratigraphic volume to obtain a second age stratigraphic volume;

[0144] The stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module 720 is used to determine a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second stratigraphic age body;

[0145] The stratigraphic unconformity feature body calculation module 730 is used to determine the stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body;

[0146] The formation unconformity surface calculation module 740 is used to determine the formation unconformity surface according to the formation unconformity feature body.

[0147] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 8 As shown, the stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module 720 includes a relative stratigraphic thickness body calculation unit 7201, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body calculation unit 7202, and a relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit 7203;

[0148] The relative stratigraphic thickness volume calculation unit 7201 is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip volume according to the second stratigraphic age volume;

[0149] The relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume calculation unit 7202 is used to determine the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume according to the second stratigraphic volume;

[0150] The relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit 7203 is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second chronological stratigraphic body.

[0151] The disclosed embodiments also provide a computer program product capable of automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data, including a computer program / instruction, wherein the computer program / instruction, when executed by a processor, implements the method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data described in any one of the above embodiments.

[0152] Example 1

[0153] This example demonstrates a method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformities from seismic data. The process is as follows:

[0154] Step 1: Perform seismic stratigraphic analysis on the seismic data to form a first-generation stratigraphic body; Fig. 9 The black line segments represent the top and bottom interfaces of the target layer. The seismic data is analyzed by seismic stratigraphic analysis to form the first generation stratigraphic body, as shown in Figure 1. Fig.10 shown.

[0155] Step 2: Perform spatial interpolation on the stratigraphic volume of the first age to form the stratigraphic volume of the second age;

[0156] In this step, the data of each layer in the first-generation stratigraphic volume is spatially interpolated according to the linear interpolation method to form a second-generation stratigraphic volume.

[0157] Step 3: Calculate the relative stratigraphic thickness body based on the second-generation stratigraphic body. The process of calculating the relative stratigraphic thickness body based on the second-generation stratigraphic body is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the process is as follows:

[0158] In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second chronological stratigraphic body is used as a first layer, and a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer;

[0159] If the first horizon forms a horizon pair, the following operations are performed: the next horizon adjacent to the first horizon is used as the second horizon, and a time difference matrix is ​​determined according to the time of each horizon point of the first horizon and the time of the corresponding horizon point of the second horizon; each element in the time difference matrix is ​​normalized; and the normalized time difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon;

[0160] If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon;

[0161] The determined relative stratigraphic thickness matrices are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional sequence to obtain a relative stratigraphic thickness volume.

[0162] Step 4: Extracting the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume from the seismic data volume according to the second-generation stratigraphic volume; The process of extracting the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume from the seismic data volume according to the second-generation stratigraphic volume is as follows: Figure 3 As shown, the process is as follows:

[0163] In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second age stratigraphic body is used as a first layer; a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer;

[0164] If the first layer forms a layer pair, the following operations are performed: the next layer adjacent to the first layer is used as the second layer, the absolute value of the seismic amplitude difference is determined according to the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the first layer and the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the second layer, and an amplitude difference matrix is ​​established; each element in the amplitude difference matrix is ​​normalized; the normalized amplitude difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first layer;

[0165] If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first horizon;

[0166] The relative stratigraphic amplitude matrices of all horizons are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body.

[0167] Step 5: Estimate the relative stratigraphic dip volume from the seismic data based on the second-generation stratigraphic volume; The process of estimating the relative stratigraphic dip volume from the seismic data based on the second-generation stratigraphic volume is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the process is as follows:

[0168] Each horizon in the second-generation stratigraphic body is regarded as the first horizon in the order of the horizons from top to bottom;

[0169] Calculating the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer respectively, and establishing a formation dip angle matrix of the first layer according to the relative formation dip angles of all layer points;

[0170] The stratigraphic dip matrix of all horizons is combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain a stratigraphic dip matrix sequence;

[0171] The formation dip matrix sequence is subjected to vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization to obtain the relative formation dip body.

[0172] The step of calculating the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer comprises:

[0173] In the first layer position, one layer site is selected in turn as the first layer site, and a layer site right adjacent to the first layer site is selected to form a layer site pair;

[0174] If the first layer of sites forms a layer site pair, the following operations are performed:

[0175] Using the layer site adjacent to the first layer site as the second layer site;

[0176] Calculating the time difference between the second layer site and the first layer site;

[0177] Using the calculated time difference as the relative formation dip angle of the first layer position;

[0178] If the first layer site cannot form a layer site pair, the opposite of the relative formation dip of the left adjacent layer site of the first layer site (i.e. the product of the relative formation dip and -1) is taken as the relative formation dip of the first layer site.

[0179] In this step, if Fig.11 Shown is a map of stratigraphic dip attributes extracted from seismic data based on a second generation stratigraphic volume.

[0180] Step 6: Proportionally fuse the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body to form a stratigraphic unconformity feature body;

[0181] Step 7: Determine the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence based on the stratigraphic unconformity feature body; Fig.12 Shown is a stratigraphic unconformity index map of a study area.

[0182] Step 8: Set a threshold value, and mark the horizons with stratigraphic unconformity index greater than the threshold value as stratigraphic unconformity surfaces; Fig.13 The figure shows a schematic cross-section diagram of the identified stratigraphic unconformity surface.

[0183] Step 9: Output stratigraphic unconformity sequence.

[0184] This example provides a method and device for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformities from seismic data. In the chronostratigraphic domain, stratigraphic unconformities are automatically identified using the variation characteristics of stratigraphic thickness, stratigraphic dip and seismic reflection intensity. Stratigraphic unconformities are analyzed without manual intervention, and possible stratigraphic unconformities are automatically identified and extracted from the chronostratigraphic body based on the stratigraphic unconformity index sequence. Since the mathematical analysis method used can quickly identify and extract stratigraphic unconformities, the efficiency, accuracy and objectivity of sequence stratigraphic interpretation can be effectively improved.

[0185] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that all or some of the steps, systems, and functional modules / units in the methods disclosed above may be implemented as software, firmware, hardware, and appropriate combinations thereof. In hardware implementations, the division between the functional modules / units mentioned in the above description does not necessarily correspond to the division of physical components; for example, a physical component may have multiple functions, or a function or step may be performed by several physical components in cooperation. Some or all components may be implemented as software executed by a processor, such as a digital signal processor or a microprocessor, or implemented as hardware, or implemented as an integrated circuit, such as an application-specific integrated circuit. Such software may be distributed on a computer-readable medium, which may include a computer storage medium (or non-transitory medium) and a communication medium (or temporary medium). As known to those skilled in the art, the term computer storage medium includes volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storing information (such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data). Computer storage media include, but are not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tapes, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store the desired information and can be accessed by a computer. In addition, it is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art that communication media typically contain computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media.

Claims

1. A method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformities from seismic data, characterized in that: The method comprises: Seismic stratigraphic analysis was performed on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic body; Performing spatial interpolation processing on the stratigraphic body of the first age to obtain a stratigraphic body of the second age; Determine a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body respectively according to the second chronological stratigraphic body; Determine a stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body; The stratigraphic unconformity surface is determined according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body.

2. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seismic stratigraphic analysis of the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic body includes: Seismic data in the study area were analyzed using seismic stratigraphic volume analysis techniques to determine multiple horizons; The determined multiple horizons are combined according to the sequence of stratigraphic deposition to form a first-generation stratigraphic body.

3. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that: The performing of spatial interpolation processing on the first age stratigraphic body to obtain the second age stratigraphic body comprises: The data of each layer in the first-age stratigraphic volume is spatially interpolated according to the linear interpolation method to form a second-age stratigraphic volume.

4. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining a relative stratigraphic thickness body based on the second age stratigraphic body includes: In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second chronological stratigraphic body is used as a first layer, and a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer; If the first horizon forms a horizon pair, the following operations are performed: the next horizon adjacent to the first horizon is used as the second horizon, and a time difference matrix is ​​determined according to the time of each horizon point of the first horizon and the time of the corresponding horizon point of the second horizon; each element in the time difference matrix is ​​normalized; and the normalized time difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon; If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic thickness matrix of the first horizon; The determined relative stratigraphic thickness matrices are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional sequence to obtain a relative stratigraphic thickness volume.

5. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body according to the second age stratigraphic body includes: In order of the layers from top to bottom, each layer in the second age stratigraphic body is used as a first layer; a layer pair is formed according to the first layer and the next layer adjacent to the first layer; If the first layer forms a layer pair, the following operations are performed: the next layer adjacent to the first layer is used as the second layer, the absolute value of the seismic amplitude difference is determined according to the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the first layer and the seismic amplitude of each layer point of the second layer, and an amplitude difference matrix is ​​established; each element in the amplitude difference matrix is ​​normalized; the normalized amplitude difference matrix is ​​used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first layer; If the first horizon cannot form a horizon pair, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the previous horizon of the first horizon is used as the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference matrix of the first horizon; The relative stratigraphic amplitude matrices of all horizons are combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body.

6. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 2, characterized in that: Determining a relative stratigraphic dip body based on the second age stratigraphic body includes: Each horizon in the second-generation stratigraphic body is regarded as the first horizon in the order of the horizons from top to bottom; Calculating the relative formation dip angle of each layer point in the first layer respectively, and establishing a formation dip angle matrix of the first layer according to the relative formation dip angles of all layer points; The stratigraphic dip matrix of all horizons is combined according to the stratigraphic depositional order to obtain a stratigraphic dip matrix sequence; The formation dip matrix sequence is subjected to vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization to obtain the relative formation dip body.

7. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 6, characterized in that: Calculating the relative stratigraphic dip angle of each stratigraphic point in the first stratigraphic position, comprising: In the first layer position, one layer site is selected in turn as the first layer site, and a layer site right adjacent to the first layer site is selected to form a layer site pair; If the first layer of sites forms a layer site pair, the following operations are performed: Using the layer site adjacent to the first layer site as the second layer site; Calculating the time difference between the second layer site and the first layer site; Using the calculated time difference as the relative formation dip angle of the first layer position; If the first layer site cannot form a layer site pair, the opposite number of the relative formation dip of the layer site adjacent to the left of the first layer site is used as the relative formation dip of the first layer site.

8. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical nonlinear interpolation and normalization processing of the formation dip matrix sequence is performed to obtain a relative formation dip body, including: Obtaining relative formation dip angles of formation points of different formations corresponding to the same coordinate point in the formation dip angle matrix sequence; The relative stratigraphic dip angles of the stratigraphic points of different stratigraphic positions corresponding to the same coordinate point are interpolated nonlinearly to obtain a relative stratigraphic dip angle sequence arranged at equal intervals vertically. The vertically equally spaced relative formation dip angle sequences are normalized to obtain the relative formation dip angle body.

9. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces from seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determining of the stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body comprises: The relative formation thickness body, the relative formation amplitude difference body and the relative formation dip body are weighted averaged to form a formation unconformity feature body.

10. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of determining the stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body comprises: Performing first-order derivative calculation on the stratigraphic unconformity feature to obtain a first-order derivative sequence; Normalizing the first-order derivative sequence to obtain a stratigraphic unconformity index sequence; The unconformity surface is determined according to the formation unconformity index sequence and a preset threshold.

11. The method for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 10, characterized in that: The determining of the unconformity surface according to the formation unconformity index sequence and a preset threshold value comprises: If the stratigraphic unconformity index is greater than or equal to a preset threshold, the horizon corresponding to the stratigraphic unconformity index is a stratigraphic unconformity surface; If the stratigraphic unconformity index is less than a preset threshold, the horizon is a stratigraphic conformity surface.

12. A device for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces in seismic data, characterized in that: It includes a first-generation stratigraphic body analysis module, a second-generation stratigraphic body analysis module, a stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module, a stratigraphic unconformity feature body calculation module and a stratigraphic unconformity surface calculation module; The first-generation stratigraphic volume analysis module is used to perform seismic stratigraphic volume analysis on the seismic data of the study area to determine the first-generation stratigraphic volume; The second-age stratigraphic volume analysis module is used to perform spatial interpolation processing on the first-age stratigraphic volume to obtain a second-age stratigraphic volume; The stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module is used to respectively determine a relative stratigraphic thickness body, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and a relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second chronological stratigraphic body; The stratigraphic unconformity feature body calculation module is used to determine the stratigraphic unconformity feature body according to the relative stratigraphic thickness body, the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body and the relative stratigraphic dip body; The stratigraphic unconformity surface calculation module is used to determine the stratigraphic unconformity surface according to the stratigraphic unconformity feature body.

13. The device for automatically identifying unconformity surfaces of formations from seismic data according to claim 12, characterized in that: The stratigraphic unconformity attribute body calculation module includes a relative stratigraphic thickness body calculation unit, a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference body calculation unit and a relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit; The relative stratigraphic thickness volume calculation unit is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip volume based on the second chronological stratigraphic volume; a relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume calculation unit, used for determining the relative stratigraphic amplitude difference volume according to the second stratigraphic volume; The relative stratigraphic dip body calculation unit is used to determine the relative stratigraphic dip body according to the second stratigraphic body.

14. A computer program product for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformities from seismic data, comprising a computer program / instructions, characterized in that: When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the method for automatically identifying stratigraphic unconformity surfaces from seismic data described in any one of claims 1 to 11 is implemented.

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