X-ray image intensifier, X-ray camera and imaging method

Abstract

The invention discloses an X-ray image intensifier, and belongs to the technical field of X-ray imaging, the X-ray image intensifier is sequentially provided with a scintillator, a photoelectric cathode, an anti-ion feedback film, a micro-channel plate and an output fluorescent screen along the incidence direction of X-rays, and the material of the photoelectric cathode is CsPbBr3; the photoelectric cathode prepared from CsPbBr3 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, so that the working requirement of a wide spectrum range can be met, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency is improved; meanwhile, CsPbBr3 has relatively good thermal stability and environmental stability, so that the photoelectric cathode is not easily influenced by external factors such as humidity and oxidation, the service life of equipment can be prolonged, and the performance stability of the equipment can be improved; and meanwhile, CsPbBr3 belongs to a perovskite material, so that CsPbBr3 can be prepared by adopting a low-cost solution method, and the preparation cost can be remarkably reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of X-ray imaging, and in particular relates to an X-ray image intensifier, an X-ray camera and an imaging method. Background Art

[0002] Image intensifiers are usually composed of photocathode, microchannel plate and fluorescent screen. Existing image intensifiers often use GaAs or Cs2Te to make photocathode. Although such photocathode has good quantum efficiency, it still has the following problems during use:

[0003] 1) This type of photocathode is not good enough in terms of high operating frequency and wide spectral response range, and cannot meet the requirements of modern high-speed and broadband photodetectors;

[0004] 2) In high temperature or harsh environment, this type of photocathode is prone to photoelectric performance degradation, affecting the operational stability of the equipment;

[0005] 3) The preparation process of this type of photocathode is complex and requires strict process control and a high vacuum environment, which will increase the corresponding production cost and difficulty during the production process. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide an X-ray image intensifier, an X-ray camera and an imaging method to meet the requirements of high sensitivity, wide spectral response, stable working performance, and low and convenient manufacturing cost.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0008] An X-ray image intensifier is provided with a scintillator, a photocathode, an anti-ion feedback film, a microchannel plate and an output fluorescent screen in sequence along the incident direction of the X-ray;

[0009] The material of the photocathode is CsPbBr3.

[0010] The present invention also provides an X-ray camera, comprising a housing, an input window, an optical fiber light cone, a scientific camera and the above-mentioned X-ray image intensifier;

[0011] The shell is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends;

[0012] One end of the shell is connected to the incident end of the scientific camera;

[0013] The other end of the housing is provided with an input window;

[0014] The input window, the housing and the scientific camera form a sealed space;

[0015] Along the incident direction of the X-rays, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.

[0016] The present invention also provides a method for imaging an object using the above-mentioned X-ray camera, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1, an X-ray source emits X-rays that penetrate the imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object. The X-ray beam passes through the input window and excites the scintillator to emit an ultraviolet light signal with structural information;

[0018] S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in step S1 is converted into a photoelectron image through the photocathode, the photoelectron image is emitted into the microchannel plate through the anti-ion feedback membrane, and is enhanced by the microchannel plate to form an electron multiplication image;

[0019] S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in step S2 into a visible light image through an output fluorescent screen;

[0020] S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in step S3 to the incident end of the scientific camera through the optical fiber light cone for photoelectric conversion processing to obtain a digital image of the imaging object, and finally transmitting it to a related digital computer for display.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the X-ray image intensifier provided by the present invention selects a photocathode made of CsPbBr3, which has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, so it can meet the working requirements of a wide spectral range to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; at the same time, CsPbBr3 has good thermal stability and environmental stability, so that the photocathode is not easily affected by external factors such as humidity and oxidation, thereby improving the service life and performance stability of the equipment; at the same time, CsPbBr3 is a perovskite material, so it can be made by a low-cost solution method, which can significantly reduce the preparation cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the working principle of an X-ray camera according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an X-ray camera according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the working principle of an X-ray camera according to a specific embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 is the quantum efficiency diagram of the photocathode material;

[0026] Figure 5 The X-ray excitation spectrum of perovskite and the quantum efficiency of the scientific camera;

[0027] Description of labels:

[0028] 1. Scintillator;

[0029] 2. Photocathode;

[0030] 3. Anti-ion feedback membrane;

[0031] 4. Microchannel plate;

[0032] 5. Output to fluorescent screen;

[0033] 6. Shell;

[0034] 7. Input window;

[0035] 8. Fiber optic light cone;

[0036] 9. Scientific camera;

[0037] 10. X-ray;

[0038] 11. Ultraviolet light;

[0039] 12. Optoelectronics;

[0040] 13. Visible light. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to explain the technical content, achieved objectives and effects of the present invention in detail, the following is an explanation in combination with the implementation modes and the accompanying drawings.

[0042] The most critical concept of the present invention is that the photocathode made of CsPbBr3 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, quantum efficiency, and good thermal stability and environmental stability, so it can meet the working requirements of a wide spectral range to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency and performance stability of the equipment; at the same time, because CsPbBr3 is a perovskite material, it can be made by a low-cost solution method, which can significantly reduce the preparation cost.

[0043] Please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The X-ray image intensifier provided by the present invention is provided with a scintillator 1, a photocathode 2, an anti-ion feedback membrane 3, a microchannel plate 4 and an output fluorescent screen 5 in sequence along the incident direction of the X-ray;

[0044] The material of the photocathode 2 is CsPbBr3.

[0045] Specifically, the output fluorescent screen 5 includes a conversion layer and a reflective substrate; the conversion layer is spin-coated on the incident end of the reflective substrate; the conversion layer is made of any commercially available material that can convert multiplied photoelectrons into visible photons, such as CsPbBr3 NCs; the material of the reflective substrate is aluminum; and the material of the photocathode 2 can also be any commercially available perovskite material CsPbX3 (X=Cl, Br, I) with the characteristics of high luminous efficiency, fast decay time, tunable emission wavelength, high sensitivity and strong X-ray attenuation; the scintillator 1 is made of any commercially available material that can convert X-rays into ultraviolet light, such as YAlO3:Ce (YAP:Ce); the optimal emission spectrum of the scintillator 1 is between 200nm and 400nm; the thickness of the scintillator 1 is 30nm to 400nm, The incident surface and side surface of the scintillator 1 are coated with a layer of evaporated reflective film, which is any commercially available metal aluminum film, silver film, or gold film with high reflectivity, and the thickness of the reflective film is 50nm to 250nm, preferably 150nm; the microchannel plate 4 is a single-layer, double-layer or multi-layer structure of a focused output type, and a plurality of single channels are distributed in a dot matrix on the microchannel plate 4, the diameter of the single channel is 2μm to 12μm, the diameter of the single channel is preferably 6μm, the front end of the single channel is funnel-shaped, and the opening rate is 90%; the thickness of the microchannel plate 4 is 0.5 The depth of the output electrode refers to the depth of the electrode extending into the single channel in the microchannel plate 4. The electrodes are usually located at both ends of the microchannel plate 4 and are used to apply an electric field to drive the electrons to accelerate and multiply in the single channel. The depth of the output electrode is controlled to be 2 to 3 times the aperture of the single channel, that is, the distance the electrode extends inward from the entrance of the single channel is approximately 2 to 3 times the diameter of the single channel. For example, if the aperture of the single channel is 10 microns, the depth of the electrode will be set to 20 to 30 microns. The angle between the single channel extension direction and the horizontal plane is 5° to 15°, preferably 10°; the material of the microchannel plate 4 can be lead silicate glass, semiconductor microchannel plate 4, silicon microchannel plate 4 or anodized aluminum microchannel plate 4 and other types; both ends of the microchannel plate 4 are plated with nickel-chromium metal electrodes, and the outer ring is a circle of solid edges plated with nickel-chromium metal film but without channels; the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 is made of any commercially available material that can reduce the optical halo phenomenon, such as Al2O3; the thickness of the output fluorescent screen 5 is 20nm to 500nm, preferably 400nm;

[0046] From the above description, it can be seen that the beneficial effects of the present invention are: providing an X-ray image intensifier, compared with the existing X-ray image intensifier, the material for making the photocathode 2 is replaced with CsPbBr3, so that the manufactured photocathode 2 has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency and quantum efficiency, so it can meet the working requirements of a wide spectral range to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency; and CsPbBr3 itself has good thermal stability and environmental stability, so that the photocathode 2 is not easily affected by external factors such as humidity and oxidation, so it can avoid the problem of photoelectric performance degradation of the photocathode 2 during use, so as to improve the service life of the equipment and the long-term stability of performance; at the same time, CsPbBr3 belongs to perovskite material, so the requirements for process control and preparation environment during the preparation process are relatively low, so it provides support for the use of low-cost solution preparation process, thereby significantly reducing the preparation cost and production difficulty.

[0047] Furthermore, the scintillator 1 and the photocathode 2 are closely fitted;

[0048] The photocathode 2, the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 are arranged at intervals.

[0049] Furthermore, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 is 100 μm to 500 μm.

[0050] Furthermore, the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 is 100 μm to 500 μm.

[0051] Specifically, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 may be 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 450μm or 500μm, and the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 may be 100μm, 150μm, 200μm, 250μm, 300μm, 350μm, 450μm or 500μm.

[0052] From the above description, it can be seen that the design further optimizes the positional relationship between the photocathode 2, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5. By setting the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the photocathode 2, the light beam (electron beam) incident into the microchannel plate 4 can be multiplied under the action of the microchannel plate 4; at the same time, the existing X-rays are prone to image blur during imaging, so further requirements are put forward for the distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5, which can not only improve the problems of blurred imaging and low device resolution, but also reduce the dispersion and transit time of the light beam (electron beam), thereby reducing the space charge effect, achieving the effect of reducing the noise of the X-ray image intensifier and improving its contrast.

[0053] Furthermore, the distance between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 is 1 mm to 5 mm.

[0054] Furthermore, the distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4 is 5 mm to 10 mm.

[0055] Specifically, the spacing between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 can be 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, 2.5mm, 3mm, 3.5mm, 4mm, 4.5mm or 5mm, and the spacing between the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4 can be 5mm, 5.5mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm, 7.5mm, 8mm, 8.5mm, 9mm, 9.5mm or 10mm.

[0056] It can be seen from the above description that the X-ray image intensifier of the present invention often generates a certain amount of ions during use. By setting requirements on the distance between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, it can help reduce the impact of the photocathode 2 when it is bombarded by ions, thereby improving the sensitivity and service life of the photocathode 2; by setting requirements on the distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4, not only can the flow path of the ions be optimized, but also the problem of signal loss caused by ion feedback can be avoided.

[0057] The present invention also provides an X-ray camera, comprising a housing 6, an input window 7, an optical fiber light cone 8, a scientific camera 9 and the above-mentioned X-ray image intensifier;

[0058] The housing 6 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends;

[0059] One end of the housing 6 is connected to the incident end of the scientific camera 9;

[0060] The other end of the housing 6 is provided with an input window 7;

[0061] The input window 7, the housing 6 and the scientific camera 9 form a sealed space;

[0062] Along the incident direction of the X-rays, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone 8 are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.

[0063] Furthermore, the input window 7 is tightly fitted to the scintillator 1 .

[0064] Furthermore, the output phosphor screen 5 is tightly fitted with the large end of the optical fiber light cone 8;

[0065] The small end of the optical fiber light cone 8 is coupled to the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through a coupling adhesive.

[0066] Specifically, the material of the input window 7 can be aluminum or beryllium, and the thickness of the input window 7 is 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the input window 7 is 0.3 mm, so that the input window 7 plays a role in blocking stray light; the shell 6 adopts indium sealing technology for high vacuum sealing welding; an electrically insulating coating is applied on the outer surface of the shell 6, and the insulating material can be glass, plastic or ceramic, etc., and the electrode is sprayed on the outer surface of the shell 6, and the photocathode 2, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 are provided with electrical connection terminals, and the other end of the electrical connection terminal passes through the shell for connection to an external power supply; the cathode voltage Vc between the photocathode 2 and the input end of the microchannel plate 4, the voltage Vm between the input end and the output end of the microchannel plate 4, and the anode voltage Va between the output end of the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 in the X-ray image intensifier are: 150~250V, 800~1200V, 5000~6000V, respectively, and the preferred values ​​of the voltage Vc, the voltage Vm and the voltage Va are 2 00V, 1000V and 5500V; the scientific camera 9 is a scientific-grade CMOS (sCMOS) camera, which is used to convert the obtained visible light into a digital information image, and its optimal quantum efficiency matches the optimal emission wavelength of CsPbBr3NCs; a plurality of single filaments are arranged in the optical fiber light cone 8; the large end and the small end of the optical fiber light cone 8 are both circular; the size of the large end of the optical fiber light cone 8 matches the size of the output fluorescent screen 5; the height of the optical fiber light cone 8 is equal to the diameter of its large end, and the diameter of the single filament at the large end is 3μm~12μm, preferably 8μm; the small end of the optical fiber light cone 8 is coupled with the incident end of the scientific camera 9 by a rapid curing method, and the optical curing glue used during the coupling is UV photosensitive glue, which can be rapidly cured under the irradiation of ultraviolet light (300nm~380nm), and the refractive index of the optical curing glue is 1.4~1.6, preferably 1.56; the thickness of the coupling layer formed after the adhesive is cured is less than 5μm, preferably 2μm.

[0067] From the above description, it can be seen that the design has made specific modifications to the composition structure of the X-ray camera of the present invention. The high-sensitivity scientific camera 9 is combined with the improved high-gain X-ray image intensifier through the high-light flux fiber light cone 8, which can provide structural support for achieving ultra-high sensitivity X-ray imaging detection.

[0068] The present invention also provides a method for imaging an object using the above-mentioned X-ray camera, comprising the following steps:

[0069] S1, an X-ray source emits X-rays that penetrate the imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object. The X-ray beam passes through the input window 7 and excites the scintillator 1 to emit an ultraviolet light signal with structural information;

[0070] S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in step S1 is converted into a photoelectron image through the photocathode 2, and the photoelectron image is emitted into the microchannel plate 4 through the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, and is enhanced by the microchannel plate 4 to form an electron multiplication image;

[0071] S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in step S2 into a visible light image through the output fluorescent screen 5;

[0072] S4, the visible light image obtained in step S3 is transmitted to the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through the optical fiber light cone 8 for photoelectric conversion processing to obtain a digital image of the imaging object, and finally transmitted to a related digital computer for display.

[0073] From the above description, it can be seen that the design provides a specific and feasible X-ray imaging method, so that after using the X-ray camera of the present invention, the user can obtain a digital image that fully reflects the material information, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy of the data detected by X-ray imaging.

[0074] The X-ray image intensifier of the present invention can assist X-ray imaging detection work.

[0075] Please refer to Figures 1 to 3 , Embodiment 1 of the present invention is:

[0076] An X-ray image intensifier is provided with a scintillator 1, a photocathode 2, an anti-ion feedback membrane 3, a microchannel plate 4 and an output fluorescent screen 5 in sequence along the incident direction of the X-ray; the material of the photocathode 2 is CsPbBr3.

[0077] The scintillator 1 and the photocathode 2 are closely attached; the photocathode 2, the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, the microchannel plate 4 and the output fluorescent screen 5 are arranged at intervals.

[0078] The distance between the photocathode 2 and the microchannel plate 4 is 300 μm.

[0079] The distance between the microchannel plate 4 and the output phosphor screen 5 is 300 μm.

[0080] The distance between the photocathode 2 and the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 is 3 mm.

[0081] The distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane 3 and the microchannel plate 4 is 7 mm.

[0082] Embodiment 2 of the present invention is:

[0083] The present invention also provides an X-ray camera, comprising a shell 6, an input window 7, an optical fiber light cone 8, a scientific camera 9 and the X-ray image intensifier in the first embodiment; the shell 6 is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends; one end of the shell 6 is connected to the incident end of the scientific camera 9; the other end of the shell 6 is provided with an input window 7; the input window 7, the shell 6 and the scientific camera 9 constitute a sealed space; along the incident direction of the X-ray, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone 8 are sequentially arranged in the sealed space; the input window 7 is tightly fitted with the scintillator 1; the output fluorescent screen 5 is tightly fitted with the large end of the optical fiber light cone 8; the small end of the optical fiber light cone 8 is coupled to the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through a coupling adhesive.

[0084] Embodiment 3 of the present invention is:

[0085] A method for imaging an object using the above-mentioned X-ray camera comprises the following steps:

[0086] S1, an X-ray source emits X-rays that penetrate the imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object. The X-ray beam passes through the input window 7 and excites the scintillator 1 to emit an ultraviolet light signal with structural information;

[0087] S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in step S1 is converted into a photoelectron image through the photocathode 2, and the photoelectron image is emitted into the microchannel plate 4 through the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, and is enhanced by the microchannel plate 4 to form an electron multiplication image;

[0088] S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in step S2 into a visible light image through the output fluorescent screen 5;

[0089] S4, the visible light image obtained in step S3 is transmitted to the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through the optical fiber light cone 8 for photoelectric conversion processing to obtain a digital image of the imaging object, and finally transmitted to a related digital computer for display.

[0090] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: first, X-rays are emitted through the corresponding X-ray source to pass through the imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object, and the X-ray beam passes through the input window 7 and excites the scintillator 1 to emit an ultraviolet light signal with structural information; then, the ultraviolet light signal is converted into a photoelectron image through the photocathode 2, and the photoelectron image is emitted into the microchannel plate 4 through the anti-ion feedback membrane 3, and is enhanced by the microchannel plate 4 to form an electron multiplication image; then, the enhanced electronic image signal is converted into a visible light image through the output fluorescent screen 5; then, the obtained visible light image is transmitted to the incident end of the scientific camera 9 through the optical fiber light cone 8 for photoelectric conversion processing to obtain a digital image of the imaging object; finally, it is transmitted to a related digital computer for display.

[0091] In summary, the X-ray image intensifier provided by the present invention adopts a high-gain X-ray image intensifier and a high-sensitivity scientific camera, combined with a high-light flux fiber light cone coupling structure, to achieve ultra-high sensitivity X-ray imaging detection. The X-ray image intensifier greatly enhances the image signal, thereby effectively improving the sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio of the X-ray camera, and thus significantly reducing the radiation dose of X-ray imaging detection; in particular, the CsPbBr3 NCs material with higher luminous efficiency is used to replace the output fluorescent screen in the traditional image intensifier; the scintillator material that matches the optimal quantum efficiency band of the image intensifier photocathode is used to effectively improve the sensitivity and detection efficiency of the camera; the sealed housing is combined for vacuum sealing, which effectively improves the stability of the CsPbBr3 NCs and the reliability of the X-ray camera; in addition, the enhanced visible light image is transmitted using a fiber light cone coupling structure, which effectively expands the imaging area while avoiding the loss of visible light signals; the use of a double close-proximity structure can not only reduce the diffusion and transit time of electrons, but also reduce the space charge effect, reduce the noise of the X-ray camera, and improve the contrast; the output window of the fluorescent screen is removed to reduce scattering, improve resolution, and simplify the structure. The X-ray camera of the present invention has the characteristics of ultra-high sensitivity, high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio, high gain, small size, light weight, low noise, high detection efficiency, simple operation, high structural flexibility, etc., and has outstanding advantages in medical diagnosis, industrial non-destructive testing, scientific research, etc.

[0092] The above descriptions are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformations made using the contents of the present invention's specification and drawings, or directly or indirectly applied in related technical fields, are also included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An X-ray image intensifier, which is provided with a scintillator, a photocathode, an anti-ion feedback membrane, a microchannel plate and an output fluorescent screen in sequence along the incident direction of the X-ray, characterized in that: The material of the photocathode is CsPbBr3.

2. The X-ray image intensifier according to claim 1, characterized in that: The scintillator and the photocathode are closely fitted; The photocathode, the anti-ion feedback membrane, the microchannel plate and the output fluorescent screen are arranged at intervals.

3. The X-ray image intensifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between the photocathode and the microchannel plate is 100 μm to 500 μm.

4. The X-ray image intensifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between the microchannel plate and the output fluorescent screen is 100 μm to 500 μm.

5. The X-ray image intensifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between the photocathode and the anti-ion feedback membrane is 1 mm to 5 mm.

6. The X-ray image intensifier according to claim 2, characterized in that: The distance between the anti-ion feedback membrane and the microchannel plate is 5 mm to 10 mm.

7. An X-ray camera, characterized in that: It comprises a housing, an input window, an optical fiber light cone, a scientific camera and the X-ray image intensifier according to any one of claims 2 to 6; The shell is a cylindrical structure with openings at both ends; One end of the shell is connected to the incident end of the scientific camera; The other end of the housing is provided with an input window; The input window, the housing and the scientific camera form a sealed space; Along the incident direction of the X-rays, the X-ray image intensifier and the optical fiber light cone are sequentially arranged in the sealed space.

8. The X-ray camera according to claim 7, characterized in that: The input window is tightly fitted to the scintillator.

9. The X-ray camera according to claim 7, characterized in that: The output fluorescent screen is closely fitted to the large end of the optical fiber light cone; The small end of the optical fiber light cone is coupled to the incident end of the scientific camera through a coupling adhesive.

10. A method for imaging an object using the X-ray camera according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, an X-ray source emits X-rays that penetrate the imaging object to form an X-ray beam with structural information of the imaging object. The X-ray beam passes through the input window and excites the scintillator to emit an ultraviolet light signal with structural information; S2, the ultraviolet light signal formed in step S1 is converted into a photoelectron image through the photocathode, the photoelectron image is emitted into the microchannel plate through the anti-ion feedback membrane, and is enhanced by the microchannel plate to form an electron multiplication image; S3, converting the enhanced electronic image signal formed in step S2 into a visible light image through an output fluorescent screen; S4, transmitting the visible light image obtained in step S3 to the incident end of the scientific camera through the optical fiber light cone for photoelectric conversion processing to obtain a digital image of the imaging object, and finally transmitting it to a related digital computer for display.

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