Greenhouse gas capture and conversion systems and methods

Abstract

A system and apparatus including a high electric field nanopulse generator is developed. The invention further relates to an assembly arrangement comprising a nanofilm and an electrode, as well as to such a previous device. In general, this new technique can be used to capture carbon dioxide, methane, or other greenhouse gases, and to convert them into various carbon-based compounds and hydrogen. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell having specific and novel properties associated with the novel membrane electrode assemblies. Preferably, these components associated with high electric fields provide specific conditions for greenhouse gas capture and conversion in a selective and efficient manner. In particular, these conditions relate to well-known plasma techniques. The method comprises a purification step before and after a greenhouse gas conversion unit, namely a nano filter. Accordingly, a carbon capture system, method and apparatus are presented. Data collected by the system is supplied to artificial intelligence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments described herein generally relate to capturing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and converting them into industrially valuable products, and more specifically, to methods and systems for converting gaseous carbon dioxide or methane in the atmosphere (either gas or liquid) into solid carbon, oxygen or hydrogen to produce industrially valuable products. Background Art

[0002] Global warming is one of the most important issues facing humanity today. There is an urgent need to address how to deal with the gases produced by the use of fossil fuels. It is necessary to replace fossil fuels with hydrogen and develop certified sustainable methods to obtain this hydrogen. Greenhouse gas emissions (such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) are the main causes of climate change and global warming. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation and industrial processes are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions.

[0003] In recent years, the world has witnessed a steady increase in global temperatures, rising sea levels and extreme weather events, all of which can be attributed to the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. To address this, various measures have been proposed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These measures include the use of renewable energy, energy-saving technologies, and the implementation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. CCS is the process of capturing carbon dioxide emissions from power plants and industrial processes and storing them underground, where they can be safely stored and prevented from entering the atmosphere.

[0004] At the same time, CCS is an effective technology to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The captured gases can also be converted into useful industrial products (such as synthetic fuels, plastics and chemicals). This process is called carbon capture and utilization (CCU), which not only reduces greenhouse gas emissions, but also creates new sources of income for industry.

[0005] Therefore, there is a need for innovative technologies that can efficiently capture and convert greenhouse gas emissions into useful industrial products. The present invention meets this need by providing an apparatus that can efficiently capture greenhouse gas emissions and convert them into valuable products and information.

[0006] Previous carbon capture methods and equipment have focused primarily on capturing and storing greenhouse gases to prevent their release into the atmosphere. While these technologies are effective in reducing emissions, they do not address converting these captured gases into valuable industrial products. Current CCS methods involve transporting captured gases to storage sites, where they are stored indefinitely. This process is energy intensive and does not provide any financial incentive for industry to reduce their emissions. In addition, traditional carbon capture technologies are often complex and costly to implement, making them difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to adopt.

[0007] The present invention solves these problems by providing a new artificial intelligence technology that produces a reactor to capture and convert greenhouse gas emissions as products, providing a more sustainable and economically viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by using a novel system of nanochannels with electrodes. The present invention facilitates the selectivity of the reaction and also allows the application of very high electric fields through ultrafast pulses of dark plasma that can be remotely controlled by software.

[0008] Therefore, an artificial intelligence system, device and method for capturing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, capable of converting these greenhouse gases into useful industrial valuable products, will bring various benefits. The prior art mentions similar parts of the current system, but without the same use and detailed structure. In addition, the components mentioned in the prior art cannot work together to decompose the greenhouse gas components to produce the predetermined products. In the reference of the subject matter of the present invention, WO 2008 / 134871 provides an example of a carbon dioxide reactor in which hydrocarbons can be obtained by electrolysis. The problem is that the patent only provides an example of a carbon dioxide reactor that produces hydrocarbons by electrolysis, but does not provide specific details or a complete description of the invention for the predetermined products.

[0009] US6806778B1 discloses an arrangement of three transistors configured with Darlington and cascode. However, the arrangement is limited to three transistors configured with Darlington and cascode, and it does not more broadly address other limitations or challenges associated with Darlington transistors or transistor drive circuits. On the other hand, CN206878798U describes a Darlington transistor drive circuit with additional components, but its structure is different from the present invention because it focuses on the circuit and overall technology described in the present invention.

[0010] US20170321333 A1 describes an electrochemical reactor for reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) to hydrocarbons using a membrane-electrode assembly (MEA). However, it is limited to reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons by using this type of electrochemical reactor. In US7855603B1 Temperature Compensated Self-Biased Darlington Pair Amplifier, an array consisting of two Darlington arrays is disclosed, the first of which is a general array. As described in the patent, the stability of these arrays may be affected by temperature changes. To address this issue, a second Darlington array is proposed that is capable of self-compensating for temperature-induced deviations. The present disclosure is intended to overcome one or more problems discovered by the inventors and to introduce a functional artificial intelligence system for the present technology. Summary of the invention

[0011] In one embodiment, a greenhouse gas capture and conversion system includes: a greenhouse gas intake device configured to receive the intake gas; a nanofilter separation device configured to receive the intake gas and separate the main components of the intake gas; a nano-electroreactor system configured to receive the main components from the nanofilter separation device and produce one or more products and earth atmosphere information from the main components received by the nanofilter; and an artificial intelligence system configured to self-replicate data to develop design solutions using the earth atmosphere information provided by NERS.

[0012] In one embodiment, a nano-electroreactor system includes: a nano-membrane; at least two electrodes (a cathode and an anode) covered with materials developed for electrocatalysis of nano-pulses of high electric fields; and a gas plasma between the cathode and the anode.

[0013] In one embodiment, a carbon capture and conversion device, the system includes a nanofilter, the nanofilter includes: polymethyl methacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; micron-sized sealing membrane; a filament electrode system, which has a first anode and a first cathode between the micron-sized sealing membrane and the polymethyl methacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; and a membrane with nanopores. The system also includes a nano-electroreactor system, the nano-electroreactor system includes: a nano-membrane; at least two electrodes, a second cathode and a second anode, covered with a material developed for electrocatalytic action of nano-pulses of high electric fields; and a gas plasma between the cathode and the anode.

[0014] In one embodiment, a method for capturing and converting greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and other sources includes: ingesting greenhouse gases; separating major components of the ingested gases using a nanofilter separation device; producing carbon-based products from the separated major components through a nano electro reactor system (NERS); and filtering byproduct gases in an output stream of the NERS through a second nanofilter separation device.

[0015] In one embodiment, a design, modeling, and artificial intelligence system, the system comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory configured to implement a learning network model generated by a training network, wherein the training network is tuned using user input from a greenhouse gas capture and conversion system, and wherein specific gas or compound intake is associated with reference modeling of each label of the system, and components indicate features associated with a modeled system prototype. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] The details of the structure and operation of embodiments of the present disclosure may be gleaned in part by examination of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like parts, and in which:

[0017] Figure 1 A flow chart showing the overall CO2 capture and conversion process;

[0018] Figure 2 A graph of electric field versus current intensity is shown, which shows a dark plasma discharge region;

[0019] Figure 3 The variation of CO2 concentration consumption in parts per million over time is shown;

[0020] Figure 4A Detailed design of the electrode optimized for maximum diffusion through the pores and maximum exposed electrode surface area is shown;

[0021] Figure 4B shows the components of the electrode system after a new assembly process;

[0022] Figure 5 The variation of pressure drop with pore size and electrode design of nanomembrane assembly is shown;

[0023] Figure 6 shows the design of the nanomembrane in which the electric field is maximized by edge effects in each hole;

[0024] Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing the separation of major molecules of air using dielectrophoresis technology using a novel nanofilter separation device;

[0025] Figure 8 Shown are Avalanche Bipolar Junction Transistor (ABJT) and Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) components, both of which conform to the ABI Darlington and their secondary components;

[0026] Fig. 9 The currents divided into ABI Darlington groups are shown;

[0027] Fig.10 The voltage distributions Vge and Vout are shown;

[0028] Fig.11 An improved driver diagram is shown;

[0029] Fig.12 An expanded system is shown where the gas inlet of the electrode housing is fed axially and distributed in parallel to each unit connected to nano-pulse or pico-pulse and femto-pulse generators; and

[0030] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the artificial intelligence system that developed the NERS solution is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The detailed description set forth below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various embodiments and is not intended to represent the only embodiment in which the present disclosure can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for providing a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, for the sake of brevity of description, well-known structures and components are shown in simplified form. In addition, it should be understood that the various components shown herein are not necessarily drawn to scale. In other words, the features disclosed in the various embodiments can be implemented using different relative sizes within and between the components shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0032] The present invention includes an artificial intelligence method and device for capturing CO2 and other greenhouse gases from sources such as air, transport gases and industrial facilities. As a first step, nanoelectrospray gas phase dielectrophoretic mobility molecular technology (nES GDMMS) is used to separate air molecules and particles in the gas phase according to their different mobilities and sizes. The process involves applying a variable and non-uniform electric field that senses the charge in the particles or molecules of the sample, causing them to be charged. The charged molecules are then pushed into the gas phase, where they are sorted according to their size and charge using a combination of techniques including electrospray (ESI), gas phase electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis.

[0033] In the next stage, the present invention preferably converts CO2 into carbon compounds by ionizing air molecules to form dark plasma by applying electrical nano pulses that promote the activation of carbon dioxide molecules. The plasma can be located between the cathode and the anode. By capturing CO2 and converting it into useful carbon compounds, this process has the potential to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, thereby helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that may contribute to climate change. The advantage of the method and apparatus is that it reduces energy costs by using the carbon compounds produced by the process as a fuel source, which may reduce dependence on fossil fuels. In addition to reducing CO2 emissions, this process can also be used for environmental cleanup by converting other greenhouse gases such as methane into usable carbon compounds for easy expansion and the production of chemical feedstocks with high market value.

[0034] Figure 1 A flow chart of the overall CO2 capture and conversion process is shown. The operation of the process is by taking in carbon dioxide, methane and other gas sources 101, and then delivering the gas stream as input to a nanofilter separation device 102 for gas separation. The carbon dioxide, methane and other gas sources 101 filtered by the nanofilter separation device 102 are the input gas streams of the nano-electroreactor system 103, where products such as carbon-based compounds and information (sensing) are produced. Alternatively, a co-reactant 104 can be used, and other reaction products can be obtained. The output stream of the nano-electroreactor system 103 is then fed into a second nanofilter separation device 105. The final product 106 is delivered to a processing plant, which follows different processes to obtain different valuable products.

[0035] The capture and conversion process includes the intake of carbon dioxide, methane and other gas sources 101. The carbon dioxide, methane and other gas sources 101 (CO2, N2, O2 and H2O) contained in the atmosphere are the previous stage of carbon dioxide reduction in the reactor. Intake is typically achieved through the use of an intake form, which is a capture file that includes information about the greenhouse gas captured, including: gas type, gas source and amount of gas captured. Intake can be achieved through a greenhouse gas intake device configured to receive the ingested gas. The intake form is used to ensure that the capture and conversion process system is designed and operated appropriately to capture the specific greenhouse gas emitted and accurately measure the amount of greenhouse gas captured.

[0036] The capture and conversion process also includes a nanofilter separation device 102. The separation is achieved using one or more novel nanofilters that allow the separation of molecules by migration under the effect of a high pulsed electric field via dielectrophoresis (DEP). The nanofilter separation device 102 can be configured to receive an intake gas and separate the major components of the intake gas. The novel nanofilter separation device 102 includes a gas flow entering a device for separating major compounds, and under the action of an electric field applied to the gas phase, an induction of a species change occurs. The migration of species is different in size and is directed to a dividing device where they are separated into their major components as follows Figure 7 As shown. Due to the distribution of electrodes and the operating frequency of the nanofilter separation device 102, the speed of gas separation is increased compared to other processes. Depending on the circumstances, the high pulsed electric field (hPEF) promotes the activation and conversion of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases into carbon compounds and hydrogen. The applied electric field energy can come from renewable energy sources, such as solar panels.

[0037] In addition, the capture and conversion process includes a nano-electroreactor system (NERS) 103. Preferably, NERS 103 is associated with the greenhouse gas capture and reaction device and information, and can be configured to receive the main components from the nanofilter separation device to produce one or more products and earth atmosphere information. NERS 103 destroys the molecules from the nanofilter separation device 102 and provides new structures in the molecules. The desired type of structure will trigger which NERS 103 is preferred. NERS 103 will deliver the final product 106 based on several variables (such as the arrangement of electrodes, centrifugal process, microreactor, physical process that can be varied, temperature, type of molecule). Even though the preferred structure of NERS 103 is described, NERS 103 can also include a nanoelectrode array, which is a system composed of multiple small electrodes, usually with a diameter of tens to hundreds of nanometers, arranged in an array. They can be used for electrochemical sensing, biosensing, earth atmosphere and electrocatalytic information. In addition, a nanoparticle-based reactor can be included, which is a system that uses nanoparticles (usually metal or metal oxide nanoparticles) as catalysts to promote electrochemical reactions. They can be used for energy storage and conversion, for example in lithium-ion batteries or fuel cells. In addition, NERS103 can be based on electrospun nanofiber reactors, which are systems consisting of electrospun nanofibers with high surface area and porosity as reactive materials. They can be used for water treatment, such as removing pollutants or producing hydrogen peroxide. Finally, NERS103 can include carbon nanotube reactors, which are systems using carbon nanotubes with high conductivity and surface area as reactive materials. They can be used for electrochemical sensing, energy storage, and catalysis.

[0038] Preferably, NERS 103 comprises at least two electrodes, nano-membranes, cathodes and anodes covered with materials developed for electrocatalytic action of nano-pulses of high electric fields. In addition, it also comprises a gas plasma between the cathode and the anode. NERS 103 may comprise a gas sensor and an infrared camera, wherein the gas sensor is used to measure the concentration in real time after the internal decay or increase of the reactor, and the infrared camera focuses on the electrode area and records the temperature change of the reaction area. Finally, it may also comprise a spectrophotometer for discharge monitoring.

[0039] NERS 103 contains a novel multiple nanochannels with electrodes. The process of NERS 103 operation begins with the intake of carbon dioxide, methane and other gas sources 101 and electrodes connected to energy sources. A nano-pulsed electric field is applied between the electrodes and provides the energy required to generate dark plasma from the gas source, and preferably produces graphene oxide and hydrogen as appropriate.

[0040] The NERS103 components are made of specific materials that favor the selectivity of the reaction and also allow the application of very high electric fields (ultrafast pulses of dark plasma). The capture and conversion system electrodes are optimized for maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area. For example, the electrodes can have pores with a diameter of 1 nm, with the number of pores for a pair of electrodes being 16 and 17, respectively, and the center-to-center distance of the pores being 4 nm, such as Figure 4A As shown. The perforated area accounts for 4.25% of the total electrode area. The electrode materials are specially developed for electrocatalysis and are highly selective for each reaction. Metals are used as electrocatalysts, preferably copper-based, stainless steel-based, nickel / tin-based and aluminum-based materials.

[0041] NERS103 can use a novel nano-membrane design that allows fluids to flow through Figure 6 The optimized arrangement of nanopores is shown. The optimization is based on the pressure drop across the pores, as Figure 5 As in the case of electrodes, the nanopore arrangement maximizes diffusion and exposed surface area and enhances the effect of the nanopulse of high electric field. In addition, the electrodes can be assembled misaligned so that the hole in each electrode allows gas flow through the hole, achieving maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area.

[0042] NERS103 can be portable and modular for home use or scalable for application in the power industry. Thus, a network of NERS103 distributed throughout the world is generated, which constitutes a system guided by artificial intelligence to develop NERS103 solutions adapted to actual needs, while allowing to obtain instantaneous real-time atmospheric and industrial gas images of the world, such as Fig.13 Furthermore, the present invention relates to new developments in electronic devices, in particular picosecond and nanosecond pulsed electric field (PEF) generators that can be remotely controlled by software.

[0043] Alternatively, the capture and conversion process may include a co-reactant 104, and other reaction products may be obtained. Co-reactants 104 are used to fuel different modules to promote the conversion of different carbon compounds using greenhouse gases as primary precursors. Co-reactants 104 are substances added to NERS 103 to promote and improve the electrochemical reactions occurring therein. Co-reactants 104 are typically composed of nanoscale electrodes and electrolyte solutions for performing electrochemical reactions at the nanoscale level. The function of co-reactants 104 is to help improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of these reactions. It does this by enhancing the electrochemical performance of the system, such as increasing the rate of electron transfer, promoting ion transport, and reducing the amount of energy required to drive the reaction. For example, co-reactants 104 that can be used in NERS 103 are redox mediators. This type of substance is used to mediate electron transfer between electrodes and electrolyte solutions, which helps to improve the overall efficiency of the system.

[0044] The capture and conversion process may also include a second nanofilter separation device 105. As nanofilter separation device 102, separation is achieved using one or more novel nanofilter separation devices 102 that allow separation of molecules but focus on solids. The novel second nanofilter separation device 105 contains the intake from the NERS 103. The species migrate in different sizes and are directed to the splitting device where they are separated into their main components as follows Figure 7 As shown. Due to the distribution of electrodes and the operating frequency of the second nanofilter separation device 105, the speed of gas separation is increased compared to other processes. Depending on the situation, the high pulsed electric field (hPEF) promotes the activation and conversion of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases into carbon compounds and hydrogen.

[0045] Furthermore, the process can be connected to a mobile phone where everything is managed through sensors to detect things on the device or in the environment to monitor the improvement of the development simulation software and design it according to the environmental specifications.

[0046] Figure 2A graph of electric field versus current intensity is shown, showing a dark plasma discharge region. Most preferably, the nano-electric reactor operates in a dark air plasma region. The method and system operate in a dark discharge region, more specifically, in a cold plasma region corresponding to a non-thermal plasma. Cold plasma is a partially ionized gas that consists of ions, electrons, neutral particles (such as free radicals), excited states, and ground state molecules. The main features of cold plasma include a significant difference between the temperature of ions, neutral particles, and the temperature of electrons. As for ions and neutral particles, it is close to room temperature between 25 and 100°C, while the temperature of electrons is higher, between 5000 and 105°C. This thermal property is what the present invention utilizes. Relative to other technologies, the present invention can improve the energy efficiency of the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide, methane, and other gases.

[0047] In this region, the electrons in the plasma can no longer obtain sufficient electric field energy to ionize the gas molecules. As a result, the ionization rate decreases and the plasma density decreases, resulting in a decrease in current intensity. At the same time, the reduction in electric field intensity means that the energy transferred to the electrons is not enough to cause them to emit visible light, resulting in the disappearance of the glow. The dark plasma discharge region is an important feature of the plasma discharge because it represents the limit of the glow discharge state. In other applications and methods, the plasma discharge becomes unstable and transforms into a different state (such as an arc discharge state). However, in the present invention, the nano-electric reactor operates in the dark air plasma region, which can improve the energy efficiency of the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases compared to other technologies.

[0048] Figure 3 The CO2 concentration depletion in parts per million is shown over time. The present invention can improve the energy efficiency of the capture and conversion of carbon dioxide, methane and other gases relative to other technologies. Figure 3 The time distribution of the carbon dioxide concentration in the hydrogen-containing gas mixture is shown. It can be seen that the concentration of carbon dioxide decreases over time. The device uses a module with hydrogen fuel as a co-reactant. Tests (such as Figure 3 The test shown) can use 100 to 500 nanoseconds as the PEF opening time, while the PEF closing time can be 100 milliseconds to 1 second.

[0049] Figure 4A A detailed design of electrodes optimized for maximum diffusion through the pores and maximum exposed electrode surface area is shown. Another embodiment of the invention is as follows Figure 4ADetailed design of an electrode optimized for maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area is shown. The electrode design includes a copper electrode surface 401, which includes a series of hollow through-holes (pass-through) 402 embodiments and hollows 403 connected to the n-type connector. Similarly, a second electrode structure includes an aluminum electrode surface 405 and is connected by hollows 406 connected to the n-type connector. The two structures are aligned by alignment positions 404.

[0050] This embodiment includes a novel nanopore assembly and manufacturing process suitable for nanofilms and electrodes. During the manufacturing process, the nanopores of the solid-state membrane are obtained by controlled dielectric breakdown. In the manufacturing system, a voltage is applied to the membrane immersed in a saline solution to generate a high electric field. The diameter of these nanopores can be as small as 1nm. There are other technologies for producing nanopores in thin films (such as membranes). When the electrodes are assembled without alignment, the holes in each electrode allow airflow to flow through the hole, achieving maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area.

[0051] Figure 4B Components of the electrode system after the novel assembly process are shown. Another embodiment of the present invention is directed to Figure 4B Detailed design of an electrode optimized for maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area, wherein additional components constitute a novel assembly process. The electrode design includes a copper electrode surface 401 and a second electrode structure including an aluminum electrode surface 405, which are separated by a spacer 408. The copper electrode surface 401 and the aluminum electrode surface 405 of both electrodes are located between a room temperature vulcanized 820 rubber 407 and a room temperature vulcanized 820 rubber 409.

[0052] Figure 5 The pressure drop is shown as a function of the pore size and electrode design of the nanomembrane assembly. The nanomembrane has a pore diameter optimized by the pressure drop, and this curve is shown in Figure 5 As shown. The pressure drop in a nanomembrane module can be affected by several factors, including the size of the pores in the membrane and the design of the electrodes. As the diameter of the pores in the membrane decreases, the pressure drop across the membrane also increases due to the increase in flow resistance. This means that smaller pores result in higher pressure drops, which affects the efficiency of the system. On the other hand, the design of the electrodes also affects the pressure drop because the distance between the electrodes affects the flow of fluid through the membrane. The shorter the distance between the electrodes, the lower the pressure drop because it reduces the flow resistance.

[0053] Figure 6A design of a nanomembrane is shown in which the electric field is maximized by the edge effect in each hole. Another embodiment of the present invention is a device and a method for preparing a nanomembrane electrode assembly, which can be used to obtain electrochemical selectivity in a variety of reactions. A new design of a nanomembrane comprising a specific electrode assembly has been developed. This nanomembrane can be used in a nano-electro reactor system (NERS) to enhance the effect of high electric field nano pulses. In addition, an electric field can be applied in the membrane 602 to produce an electroprecipitation effect to separate solids. The schematic diagram of the nanomembrane design includes a hole 601 and a membrane 602.

[0054] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of separation of major molecules of air by dielectrophoresis technique using novel nanofilter separation device is shown. Nanofilter separation device 102 comprises: polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), graphite component or metal organic framework support 704; micron-sized sealing film 703; filament electrode system having anode 701 and cathode 702 between the micron-sized sealing film and polymethyl methacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; and membrane 602 having nanopores 601 (see Figure 6 ). Figure 7 The top image of is an exploded view of the molecular separation process by the nanofilter separation device 102 . Figure 7 The lower image represents a plan view of the structure during the molecular separation process by the nanofilter separation device 102.

[0055] The capture system consists of a novel nanofilter separation device that allows separation of air molecules by migration under the effect of high pulsed electric fields via dielectrophoresis. Figure 7 A schematic diagram of separating molecules using dielectrophoresis is shown. The operation of the nanofilter separation device 102 is as follows: the gas flow supplied from the inlet is distributed and contacts the filamentary electrodes, where plasma is generated by dielectric barrier discharge. Separation of different gases is achieved by applying a magnetic field after the plasma is formed, guiding each gas according to the ion mobility of each chemical species.

[0056] Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), graphite composition or metal organic framework support 704 is a versatile polymer used in various applications, including as a support material. Depending on the design requirements, PMMA support 704 can vary. There are different types of PMMA supports 704 that can be used for different application requirements. Solid PMMA supports 704 can be used for their high strength and stiffness. Porous PMMA supports 704 are designed to be porous and are used for applications such as filtration, separation and chromatography. Thermally conductive PMMA supports 704 can be used in designs that require high thermal conductivity and are used in applications where heat dissipation is important.

[0057] Micron-scale sealing films 703 are used to provide a thin layer of sealing to a surface to protect it from moisture, air or other environmental factors. There are different types of sealing films 703 that can be used for different application requirements. Filamentary film 703 types include, but are not limited to, PTFE, silicone, polyurethane, epoxy, and acrylic materials.

[0058] Figure 8 An avalanche bipolar junction transistor (ABJT) and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) assembly are shown, both of which conform to the ABI Darlington and its secondary components. The assembly depicts an input base 801 connected to the collector 803 and emitter 804 equivalent terminals. In addition, the resistor Rbe1 is used for the correct polarization of the avalanche region, avoiding automatic triggering problems of the Q1 device. Regarding Rge1, it allows a drop in the input impedance of the Q2 transistor in the node 802, thereby providing a certain safety against large currents flowing from Q1 to the node 802. In addition, during the shutdown device situation, it allows a simple discharge of the Q2 parasitic capacitance. Finally, the Dzge1 diode is used for protection issues, but does not work in normal operation, at least when the peak input Q2 voltage occurs.

[0059] In connection with the new development of the electronic part of the device, which preferably includes an ABI Darlington driver, there are currently proposals for several Darlington variants, each with its advantages and benefits. Preferably, the arrangement contains 3 transistors configured Darlington and cascode. This configuration improves the breaking strength, thermal stability and bandwidth of the cascode assembly. The nano-electroreactor system includes a driver for generating a pulsed dark plasma. Figure 8 Stands for Avalanche Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) and IGBT (called ABI) Darlington and its minor components. In avalanche breakdown, the reverse biased collector-base junction of the transistor experiences a high electric field, causing the electrons in the junction to gain enough energy to collide with other atoms and create additional electron-hole pairs. These newly created carriers then gain energy and collide with more atoms, creating a chain reaction that rapidly increases the number of carriers in the junction.

[0060] This process causes a large increase in the transistor's collector current, which can cause device failure if not properly controlled. However, it can also be used in certain applications (such as avalanche photodiodes), which use avalanche breakdown to amplify and detect light signals.

[0061] Fig. 9 The current split into the ABI Darlington group is shown. A short time current pulse Ic1 enters the avalanche BJT Q1 (solid line), while a large time current Ic2 (dashed line) is considered to be the IGBT Q2 device. Due to its expected input control voltage in the input base 801, the ABJT Q1 device is first triggered, giving a high and short current pulse Ic1. Afterwards, this Ic1 raises the node 802 input IGBT Q2 voltage, turning it on. The activation of Q2 allows the increase of the device current Ic2 and reduces Vce (collector 803-emitter 804) to the Vce turn-on voltage. This low Vce voltage reaches Q1 from the avalanche region to the saturation region, turning it off.

[0062] Fig.10 The voltage distributions Vge and Vout are shown. Vge (or gate-emitter voltage) is the voltage applied across the gate and emitter of a transistor. This voltage controls the flow of current through the transistor, enabling it to act as a switch or amplifier. Vout (or output voltage) is the voltage measured at the output of the circuit. The relationship between Vge and Vout depends on the specific circuit configuration and the characteristics of the transistors used. Note that Vge immediately triggers Ic2 into the Q2 transistor. This increases the output voltage for about 10ns.

[0063] Fig.11 An improved driver diagram is shown. It contains two ABI Darlington arrangements (1107 and 1111) in the driver output (1108). These are used in turn to activate and deactivate power external to transistor M0. The driver circuit 1102 is controlled by an optocoupler U1, providing a single control pulse in its output 1106. This is used to activate the positive edge pulse change of the 1107 ABI Darlington, thereby turning on the output power transistor M0. The negative edge of the optocoupler pulse 1106 is used in the 1110 sub-circuit to activate the second ABI Darlington 1111, lowering the driver output 1108 and then turning off the M0 transistor. At the same time, the 1106 optocoupler voltage turns off the 1107 ABI Darlington. According to 1101, this is part of the floating auxiliary power supply of the driver 1102 system and must have a minimum value to allow Figure 8 The ABJT Q1 in the circuit moves to the avalanche region. On the other hand, 1103 is the main high power supply (eg 800V) for polarizing M0 and the RL output circuit (1104).

[0064] Another embodiment of the present invention is a device capable of controlling high energy pulses on a nanosecond time scale, the device comprising an ABI Darlington driver. An Active Balanced Interface (ABI) Darlington driver is an electronic component used to connect between digital circuits and high power devices (such as motors or solenoids). It comprises a Darlington pair transistor configuration, which provides high current gain and high input impedance, making it suitable for driving loads that require significant current or voltage.

[0065] ABI Darlington drivers are designed to provide balanced outputs, which means that the voltage swing between the output and ground is equal to the voltage swing between the output and the supply voltage. This balanced output helps reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and noise in the system.

[0066] ABI Darlington drivers can be used in a variety of applications such as motor control circuits, power supplies, and audio amplifiers. It is a popular choice for high power switching applications where a low power signal is required to control a high power device.

[0067] This improved Darlington significantly reduces the rise time of slow IGBT / MOS to almost 10 nanoseconds. In addition to this, another Darlington array can be used to significantly reduce the fall time. In addition, the transition power of the IGBT / MOS (during the rise time) is consumed by the avalanche bipolar transistor, and it works very similarly to IGBTs and MOS-FETs. Turning on the IGBT / MOS, it instantly turns off the avalanche bipolar transistor. In addition, the turning off of the Darlington array makes the pulses reproducible, which makes it useful for switching power supplies. The described improvements are observed using common and cheap parts, and applying them to modern and faster devices such as SiC or GaN, the results will be even more significant.

[0068] Fig.12 An extended system is shown in which the gas inlet of the electrode housing is axially fed and distributed in parallel to each unit connected to a nano-pulse or pico-pulse and femto-pulse generator. According to this embodiment, the extended system comprises an electrode support tube 1201 followed by an O-ring 1202, a positive electrode 1203, an electrode separator 1204, a negative electrode 1205, a second O-ring 1206, a retaining cap 1207, and is secured by screws 1208 connected to the electrode support tube 1201. The extended system for greenhouse gas capture and conversion constitutes another embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12The design of the electrode housing is shown, with an expanded system containing 84 units connected in parallel, with a power of 4kW and an inlet flow rate of 560 tons / year of gas to be treated. The electrodes are spaced on a micrometer scale and the holes of each electrode are spaced on a millimeter scale. Each electrode housing shown can be fixed in parallel and stacked by a gas distribution system.

[0069] Fig.13 A schematic diagram of an artificial intelligence system for developing NERS 103 solutions is shown. A system guided by artificial intelligence to develop NERS 103 solutions adapted to actual needs is another embodiment of the present invention. Fig.13 A schematic diagram of the components that integrate it is shown. The user communicates user input 1301 to artificial intelligence (AI) 1302, which interprets and extracts information about the problem at the problem solution 1303 stage. In addition, the AI ​​system can be configured to self-replicate data to formulate a design solution using the Earth's atmosphere information provided by NERS. In machine learning / deep learning 1304, the AI ​​defines the components of the greenhouse gas capture and conversion system according to the problem that needs to be solved. This process can be defined as learning a network model. The configuration of the solution begins with modeling the system (essentially a reactor) using machine learning / deep learning 1304. The physicochemical properties of the system components are simulated under simulation 1308 in order to find the best operating parameters in the small modular reactor 1305, which allows its design and components to be defined under design components 1307. The trial and testing process can be called training the network, the purpose of which is to find the best parameters for the prototype 1309. The prototype 1309 is constructed in order to start the necessary iterative testing until the final prototype 1309 is reached. The intake values ​​for the test can come from the small modular reactor 1305. After the prototype 1309 is completed, trials 1310 can continue to verify its performance, completing the iterations of defining parameters and design to start the prototype 1309, testing, and final prototype 1309 for manufacturing 1311. The results can be used to model an extended greenhouse and conversion system to design an electrode housing where the gas inlet of the electronic housing can be axially fed and distributed to each unit.

Claims

1. A greenhouse gas capture and conversion system comprising: a greenhouse gas intake device configured to receive intake gas; a first nanofilter separation device configured to receive the ingested gas and separate a major component of the ingested gas; a nano-electroreactor system (NERS) configured to receive the primary component from the nano-filter separation device and produce one or more products and earth atmosphere information; as well as An artificial intelligence system configured to self-replicate data to formulate design solutions using the Earth's atmosphere information provided by the NERS.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a second nanofilter separation device configured to receive an output stream of the NERS and filter byproduct gases and solids from the one or more products.

3. The system of claim 1, further comprising a co-reactant source configured to input other reaction products into the NERS and Earth's atmosphere information.

4. The system of claim 3, wherein the co-reactant source is a gas or a liquid.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the first nanofilter separation device comprises: polymethyl methacrylate, graphite components or metal organic framework supports; Micron-level sealing film; a filament electrode system having an anode and a cathode located between the micron-sized sealing film and a polymethylmethacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; and Membranes with nanopores.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein the membrane nanopores have a diameter of 1 nm or greater.

7. The system of claim 5, wherein the first nanofilter separation device separates gases by migration under a high pulsed electric field effect via dielectrophoresis (DEP), and the membrane separates gases according to the molecular size of a given chemical species.

8. The system of claim 4, wherein the gas or liquid stream supplied by the greenhouse gas intake device is distributed and contacted with the filament electrode to produce separation of particles based on the electron mobility of the gas or liquid.

9. The system of claim 2, wherein the second nanofilter separation device comprises: polymethyl methacrylate, graphite components or metal organic framework supports; Micron-level sealing film; a filament electrode system having an anode and a cathode located between the micron-sized sealing film and a polymethylmethacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; and Membranes with nanopores.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the nanopore has a diameter of 1 nm or greater.

11. The system of claim 9, wherein an electric field is applied to produce an electroprecipitation effect to separate solids.

12. A nano-electroreactor system, comprising: Nano membranes; at least two electrodes, including a cathode and an anode, the cathode and the anode being coated with materials developed for electrocatalysis of nano-pulses of high electric fields; as well as A gas plasma is between the cathode and the anode.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising: a gas sensor configured to measure a given gas concentration in real time after internal decay or increase of the nano-electroreactor system; an infrared camera configured to focus on the electrode reaction area to record temperature changes; as well as A spectrophotometer configured to measure discharge monitoring.

14. The system of claim 12, wherein the NERS components are fabricated using materials that favor selectivity of the reaction and also allow for application of very high electric fields.

15. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrodes are designed to maximize the electric field generated by edge effects in each well.

16. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrodes are spaced apart by a distance sufficient to increase energy efficiency in the plasma generation through field effects.

17. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrode is movable.

18. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrodes are fixed.

19. The system of claim 15, wherein the electrodes are at a predetermined distance.

20. The system of claim 12, wherein the system operates in a cool plasma region.

21. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrodes comprise a nanochannel system coupled with nano-, pico- and femto-pulse generators allowing application of high electric fields.

22. The system of claim 12, wherein the electrodes are misaligned such that the holes in each electrode allow airflow to flow through the holes, thereby achieving maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area.

23. The system of claim 12, wherein the system is remotely controllable via software.

24. The system of claim 12, further comprising at least one Darlington drive for generating a pulsed cold plasma.

25. The system of claim 24, wherein the shut down of the Darlington array allows for repeatability of the pulses, thereby allowing its use in a switch driver.

26. The system of claim 12, further comprising: a resistor configured to correct polarization in the avalanche region; as well as Resistors configured to lower input impedance and ease discharge of parasitic capacitance.

27. A carbon capture and conversion apparatus comprising: A nanofilter, the nanofilter comprising: polymethyl methacrylate, graphite components or metal organic framework supports; Micron-level sealing film; a filament electrode system having a first anode and a first cathode between the micron-sized sealing film and the polymethylmethacrylate, graphite component or metal organic framework support; and A membrane having nanopores; and A nano-electric reactor system, comprising: Nanofilm, at least two electrodes, including a second cathode and a second anode, the second cathode and the second anode each coated with a material developed for electrocatalysis of nano-pulses of high electric fields, and A gas plasma is between the cathode and the anode.

28. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising: a gas sensor configured to measure a given gas concentration in real time after internal decay or increase of the nano-electroreactor system; an infrared camera configured to focus on the electrode reaction area to record temperature changes; as well as A spectrophotometer configured to measure discharge monitoring.

29. The apparatus of claim 27, further comprising a second nanofilter separation device connected to an output stream of the NERS, the second nanofilter separation device configured to filter byproduct gases and solids.

30. The device of claim 27, further being remotely controlled by software.

31. A method for capturing and converting greenhouse gases from the atmosphere and other sources comprising: intake of greenhouse gases; Using nanofilter separation equipment to separate the main components of ingested greenhouse gases; Producing carbon-based products from separated major components via a nano-electroreactor system (NERS); and The byproduct gases from the output stream of the NERS are filtered through a second nanofilter separation device.

32. The method of claim 31 , comprising inputting other reaction products to the NERS via a co-reactant source.

33. The method of claim 32, comprising inputting a gas or a liquid.

34. The method of claim 31, comprising using a nanofilter to separate gases by migration under the effect of a high pulsed electric field via dielectrophoresis (DEP), and the membrane separates the gases according to the molecular size of a given chemical species.

35. The method of claim 31, comprising supplying a gas stream from an intake device and distributing it in contact with a filament electrode to produce separation of particles based on the electron mobility of the gas or liquid particles.

36. The method of claim 31, comprising obtaining nanopores in a solid-state membrane by controlled dielectric breakdown, wherein a voltage is applied across the membrane immersed in a saline solution to generate a high electric field.

37. The method of claim 31 , comprising assembling electrodes that are not aligned so that the holes in each electrode allow gas flow through the holes to achieve maximum diffusion and maximum exposed electrode surface area.

38. The method of claim 31, wherein the NERS components are fabricated using materials that favor selectivity of the reaction and also allow for application of very high electric fields.

39. The method of claim 31 , wherein the electrodes are designed to maximize the electric field through edge effects in each well.

40. A design, modeling and artificial intelligence system comprising: At least one processor and at least one memory configured to implement a learning network model, the learning model network generated by a training network, wherein the training network is tuned using user input and results from a greenhouse gas capture and conversion system, and wherein specific gas or compound intake is associated with reference modeling of each label of the system, and components indicate features associated with a modeled system prototype.

41. The system of claim 40, wherein the learning model network is configured to: Automatic processing of first values ​​of chemical and physical properties of intake; calculating an intake value associated with the first value using the deployed learning network model and simulating components in the training network to find optimal parameters; Develop design components; Automatically initiate iterative testing and experiments; as well as Displays the output of the final prototype.

42. The system of claim 41, wherein the system uptake value is based on small modular reactor results.

43. The system of claim 42, wherein the small modular reactor is converted to an extended greenhouse and conversion system to design the electrode housing.

44. The system of claim 43, wherein the gas inlet of the electrode housing is fed axially and distributed in parallel to each unit.

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