Simulation experiment method and device for impact dynamic disaster induced by extremely thick and multilayer water-containing overlying strata

Abstract

The invention discloses a simulation experiment method and device for impact dynamic disasters induced by ultra-thick and multi-layer water-containing overlying strata. The device is characterized by comprising a sealed box body, a horizontal loading module, a vertical elastic loading module, a transient impact triggering module, a water-containing overlying strata model and an array pipe water filling module, an array pipe water filling module is installed at the bottom of the box body (11) through an installation hole and a sealing ring (63), the upper portion of the array pipe water filling module is embedded in the water-containing overlying strata model, array water guide pipes (62) with different lengths are arranged in the array pipe water filling module, and each water guide pipe is connected with an independent flow valve (65) and an independent pressure valve (64). According to the invention, the difficulty of large-size rock stratum simulation is solved through the vertical elastic loading module, and reliable experimental equipment is provided for disaster simulation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a mine safety technology, in particular to a geological disaster simulation technology, specifically to a simulation experimental method and device for impact dynamic disasters induced by extremely thick and multi-layer water-containing overburden. Background Art

[0002] The lithology of the super-thick and aquifer layers is mostly coarse-grained sandstone, medium-grained sandstone and other sandstone layers with a thickness of more than 200. The super-thick water-bearing sandstone layers are mostly sub-key layers and main key layers of the high roof, which have an important impact on the overburden movement and surrounding rock stress environment during mining. The confined water in the water-bearing sandstone layer and the rock burst disaster affect each other. Strong mine earthquakes and rock burst disasters frequently occur during the mining of the working face under the conditions of super-thick sandstone roof, which seriously affect the safe production of the mine. The breaking of the super-thick water-bearing sandstone layer will release a lot of energy. At the same time, under the action of self-weight, water pressure or additional loads imposed by the rock layer above it, the structure of the lower rock layer will become further unstable. At present, the mechanism of disasters induced by super-thick sandstone and aquifer roof is still unclear. The related incubation and development mechanism after the frequent occurrence of strong mine earthquakes and rock burst in the mining area is still unclear. The targeted monitoring, early warning and prevention and control capabilities are weak, which has become the main problem plaguing the safe production of coal mines.

[0003] At present, laboratory similarity simulation experiments are an important means to study the mechanism of impact dynamic disasters induced by thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden induced by fault activation and related monitoring, early warning and prevention and control technologies. At present, the laboratory lacks experimental equipment and methods for studying impact dynamic disasters induced by thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden. Because the thickness of the coal seam is generally 3 to 10 meters; in order to facilitate excavation and the placement of sensors in the tunnel, the size similarity ratio is generally 20 to 30; the model layer thickness of only 200 meters of thick sandstone reaches 7 to 10 meters; if the thickness of the rock layer below the thick water-bearing sandstone plus the coal seam is 200 meters, the thickness of this part of the model also reaches 7 to 10 meters; the size of the entire model frame exceeds 14 to 20 meters, such as Figure 1 As shown. Not only is the size of the model frame in the vertical direction huge, but also in order to simulate the breaking of the rock layer, when the thickness of the super-thick sandstone model layer is 7-10m, the model length must reach at least 21-30m to better simulate the breaking of the roof. Therefore, similar simulations of high-level super-thick overburden are difficult to carry out in the laboratory. Even if they are successfully developed, the experiment is time-consuming and laborious. In addition, different rock formations have different water-bearing characteristics. How to simulate the huge energy released instantly when super-thick water-bearing sandstone breaks, and how to simulate the stress accumulation and impact laws of the mining field under different multi-layer water-bearing overburden environments as realistically as possible are urgent problems that need to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to address the problem that the existing destruction of extremely thick rock strata is difficult to study due to its large thickness and it is difficult to establish a model of simulation size for mechanism research, resulting in a lack of experimental data and difficulty in providing effective guidance for safety control in such mines. An experimental method and device for simulating impact dynamic disasters induced by extremely thick and multi-layered water-containing overburden is invented to meet the needs of safety control.

[0005] One of the technical solutions of the present invention is:

[0006] A simulation experiment method for impact dynamic disaster induced by extremely thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) constructing multiple water-bearing overburden models according to actual underground geological conditions and similarity theory, so as to change the initial conditions of the water-bearing overburden models to conduct different experiments; installing a pressure box, a strain sensor, and an acoustic emission sensor in the model, and the top of the model is extremely thick water-bearing sandstone 51, the thickness of which is not more than 10% of the thickness of the extremely thick water-bearing sandstone to be simulated;

[0007] 2) Using the horizontal loading module to drive the array horizontal pressing plate 24 to apply a horizontal load to the model; using the vertical elastic loading module to apply a vertical load to the top of the model; during the vertical load application process, the array spring 34 is compressed to store elastic energy;

[0008] 3) Filling water into different rock layers inside the model through array water pipes 62 of different lengths in the array water pipe filling module, and each water pipe controls the speed and water pressure of water filling in each rock layer through a separate flow valve 65 and pressure valve 64;

[0009] 4) mining and tunnel excavation of the simulated working face in the simulated coal seam 53;

[0010] 5) A transient impact is applied to the thick water-bearing sandstone 51 at the top of the model through a transient impact trigger module; at the moment when the thick water-bearing sandstone breaks, the array spring 34 instantly releases the stored energy, drives the thick water-bearing sandstone to break and applies a strong disturbance to the bottom of the model; the pressure box, strain sensor, and acoustic emission sensor installed in the model record the corresponding parameters and send them to the data processing module for analysis and processing;

[0011] 6) Change the spring size and stiffness to change the vertical load to simulate the different energies released at the moment of breaking of thick water-bearing sandstones of different thicknesses and strengths. Repeat steps 1) to 5) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining area induced by the release of different energies in thick rock formations. The spring parameter values ​​refer to the following formula:

[0012]

[0013]

[0014]

[0015] CE is the energy similarity ratio; U is the energy released by the spring replacing the rock layer; J is the section moment of inertia of the roof, b is the width of the rock layer, h is the thickness of the rock layer replaced by the spring; q is the unit length conversion load of the roof weight and the additional load of the overlying rock layer; l is the overhang length of the roof; E is the elastic modulus; k is the spring stiffness; x is the spring deformation; n is the number of springs;

[0016] 7) Changing the water pressure of water injection into different thick water-bearing sandstones and various rock formations, and repeating steps 1) to 6) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining field induced by different initial water pressures.

[0017] The second technical solution of the present invention is:

[0018] A simulation experiment device for impact dynamic disaster induced by extremely thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden, characterized in that it comprises a sealed box, a horizontal loading module, a vertical elastic loading module, a transient impact triggering module, a water-bearing overburden model and an array pipe water filling module; the sealed box comprises a box 11, a cover plate 12, a sealing strip 13 and a water guide hole 14, and a horizontal loading module is installed around the box 11; the horizontal loading module comprises a plurality of horizontal hydraulic loading cylinders 22, an inner-hole sealing ring 23 and a horizontal pressure plate 24; the vertical loading module comprises a vertical pressure rod 33, a vertical pressure plate 36, a spring 34, an inner-hole sealing ring 35 and a vertical hydraulic loading cylinder 31; the transient impact triggering module comprises an impact anvil 43, an impact pressure plate 45, an impact anvil 43 and an impact hammer 42; the water-bearing overburden model comprises extremely thick water-bearing sandstone 51, an ordinary water-bearing rock layer 52 and a coal seam 53; the array pipe water filling module comprises a water filling module body 61, an array water guide pipe 6 2. Flow valve 65 and pressure valve 64; the extending rod of the horizontal hydraulic loading cylinder 22 passes through the mounting hole of the box body 11 and the sealing ring 23 in the hole, and is connected to the horizontal pressure plate 24; a slidable vertical pressure rod 33 is installed on the cover plate 12, the lower part of the vertical pressure rod 33 is connected to the vertical pressure plate 36, and the vertical pressure rod 33 is installed with a spring 34 on the top of the cover plate 12. Multiple vertical pressure rods 33 pass through the cross beam 32, and vertical hydraulic loading cylinders 31 are arranged on the left and right sides of the cross beam 32; an impact pressure rod 44 is installed in the middle of the cross beam 32, the bottom of the impact pressure rod 44 is connected to the impact pressure plate 45, and the top is installed with an impact anvil plate 43; the impact hammer 42 is above the impact anvil plate 43; the array pipe water filling module is installed at the bottom of the box body 11 through the mounting hole and the sealing ring 63, the upper part of the array pipe water filling module is buried inside the water-bearing overburden model, and array water pipes 62 of different lengths are arranged inside, and each water pipe is connected with a separate flow valve 65 and pressure valve 64.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] The present invention solves the problem of safe simulation of formation conditions of extremely thick water-bearing sandstone and coal seams with a thickness of more than 200 meters and ordinary water-bearing rock formations with a thickness of more than 200 meters through a vertical elastic loading module. On the one hand, it greatly reduces the simulated height of the thickness of water-bearing sandstone and coal seams and ordinary water-bearing rock formations, realizes laboratory preparation, and simulates the pressure load of the actual rock formation by loading spring force, so that the experiment is closer to the actual rock formation damage situation. At the same time, for the first time in the relevant model, water injection is used to simulate the influence of the actual water-bearing formation on the impact ground pressure, so that the simulated test environment is closer to the natural environment, which greatly improves the accuracy of the experiment, provides first-hand information for simulated formation mining, and is beneficial to mine mining safety.

[0021] The method of the invention is reliable, the experimental device is simple and easy to operate, and has a high degree of simulation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the composition structure of the giant non-rock layer of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the experimental device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of tunnel excavation of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 It is a top view of the array tube water filling module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0027] like Figure 2-3 shown.

[0028] A simulation experimental method for impact dynamic disaster induced by extremely thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden, comprising the following steps:

[0029] 1) According to the actual geological conditions and similarity theory of the underground well, multiple water-bearing overburden experimental models are built to change the initial conditions of the water-bearing overburden model (the initial conditions include parameters such as rock thickness, strength, and water content) to conduct different experiments; a pressure box, a strain sensor, and an acoustic emission sensor are installed in the model (the installation method and data acquisition and processing are the same as those in the prior art), and the top of the model is a very thick water-bearing sandstone 51, the thickness of which is not more than 1% of the thickness of the very thick water-bearing sandstone to be simulated; the experimental model is as follows Figure 2 As shown, it includes a sealed box, a horizontal loading module, a vertical elastic loading module, a transient impact trigger module, a water-bearing overburden model and an array pipe water filling module. A mining tunnel 54 (such as Figure 3); the sealing box includes a box body 11, a cover plate 12, a sealing strip 13 and a water guide hole 14, and a horizontal loading module is installed around the box body 11; the horizontal loading module includes a plurality of horizontal hydraulic loading cylinders 22, an inner hole sealing ring 23 and a horizontal pressure plate 24; the vertical loading module includes a vertical pressure rod 33, a vertical pressure plate 36, a spring 34, an inner hole sealing ring 35 and a vertical hydraulic loading cylinder 31; the transient impact trigger module includes an impact anvil 43, an impact pressure plate 45, an impact anvil 43 and an impact hammer 42 (which can be driven by a suspension, a hydrogen gun or a dynamic hydraulic device); the water-bearing overburden model includes a thick water-bearing sandstone 51 (thickness not less than 200 meters), an ordinary water-bearing rock layer 52 and a coal seam 53 (the combined thickness of the two is not less than 200 meters); the array pipe water filling module includes a water filling module body 61, an array water guide pipe 62, a flow valve 65 and a pressure valve 64; the water The extending rod of the flat hydraulic loading cylinder 22 passes through the mounting hole of the box body 11 and the sealing ring 23 in the hole, and is connected to the horizontal pressure plate 24; a slidable vertical pressure rod 33 is installed on the cover plate 12, and the lower part of the vertical pressure rod 33 is connected to the vertical pressure plate 36. The vertical pressure rod 33 is installed with a spring 34 on the top of the cover plate 12, and multiple vertical pressure rods 33 pass through the cross beam 32, and vertical hydraulic loading cylinders 31 are provided on the left and right sides of the cross beam 32; an impact pressure rod 44 is installed in the middle of the cross beam 32, the bottom of the impact pressure rod 44 is connected to the impact pressure plate 45, and the top is installed with an impact anvil plate 43; above the impact anvil plate 43 is an impact hammer 42; the array pipe water filling module is installed at the bottom of the box body 11 through the mounting hole and the sealing ring 63, the upper part of the array pipe water filling module is buried inside the water-bearing overburden model, and array water pipes 62 of different lengths are provided inside, and each water pipe is connected to a separate flow valve 65 and a pressure valve 64.

[0030] 2) Using the horizontal loading module to drive the array horizontal pressing plate 24 to apply a horizontal load to the model; using the vertical elastic loading module to apply a vertical load to the top of the model; during the vertical load application process, the array spring 34 (elastic force value is adjustable) is compressed to store elastic energy;

[0031] 3) Filling water into different rock layers inside the model through array water pipes 62 of different lengths in the array water pipe filling module, and each water pipe controls the water pressure and water volume of each rock layer through a separate flow valve 65 and pressure valve 64;

[0032] 4) mining and tunnel excavation of the simulated working face in the simulated coal seam 53;

[0033] 5) A transient impact is applied to the thick water-bearing sandstone 51 at the top of the model through a transient impact trigger module; at the moment when the thick water-bearing sandstone breaks, the array spring 34 instantly releases the stored energy, drives the thick water-bearing sandstone to break and applies a strong disturbance to the bottom of the model; the pressure box, strain sensor, and acoustic emission sensor installed in the model record the corresponding parameters and send them to the data processing module for analysis and processing;

[0034] 6) Change the spring size and stiffness to change the vertical load to simulate the different energies released at the moment of breaking of thick water-bearing sandstones of different thicknesses and strengths. Repeat steps 1) to 5) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining area induced by the release of different energies in thick rock formations. The spring parameter values ​​refer to the following formula:

[0035]

[0036]

[0037]

[0038] C E is the energy similarity ratio; U is the energy released by the spring replacing the rock layer; J is the section moment of inertia of the roof, b is the width of the rock layer, h is the thickness of the rock layer replaced by the spring; q is the unit length conversion load of the roof weight and the additional load of the overlying rock layer; l is the overhang length of the roof; E is the elastic modulus; k is the spring stiffness; x is the spring deformation; n is the number of springs;

[0039] 7) Changing the water pressure of water injection into different thick water-bearing sandstones and various rock formations, and repeating steps 1) to 6) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining field induced by different initial water pressures.

[0040] Through repeated experiments, the obtained data can be input into the existing mine safety database and processed using corresponding software to obtain the occurrence law of impact dynamic disasters induced by extremely thick and multi-layer water-containing overburden rocks of the present invention, providing first-hand information for disaster prevention and control. In addition, corresponding prevention and control methods can be designed based on the experimental results of the present invention to prevent disasters and fundamentally ensure mine safety.

[0041] The present invention does not involve parts that are the same as the prior art or can be implemented by using the prior art.

Claims

1. A simulation experimental method for impact dynamic disaster induced by extremely thick and multi-layered water-bearing overburden, characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) Building multiple water-bearing overburden models according to actual underground geological conditions and similarity theory, so as to change the initial conditions of the water-bearing overburden models to conduct different experiments; installing a pressure box, a strain sensor, and an acoustic emission sensor in the model, and the top of the model is a thick water-bearing sandstone (51), the thickness of which is not more than 10% of the thickness of the thick water-bearing sandstone to be simulated; 2) using a horizontal loading module to drive the array horizontal pressing plate (24) to apply a horizontal load to the model; using a vertical elastic loading module to apply a vertical load to the top of the model; during the vertical load application process, the array spring (34) is compressed to store elastic energy; 3) filling water into different rock layers inside the model through array water pipes (62) of different lengths in the array pipe water filling module, and each water pipe controls the speed and water pressure of water filling in each rock layer through a separate flow valve (65) and pressure valve (64); 4) mining and tunnel excavation of a simulated working face in the simulated coal seam (53); 5) applying a transient impact to the thick water-bearing sandstone (51) at the top of the model through a transient impact trigger module; at the moment when the thick water-bearing sandstone breaks, the array spring (34) instantly releases the stored energy, drives the thick water-bearing sandstone to break and applies a strong disturbance to the bottom of the model; the pressure box, strain sensor, and acoustic emission sensor installed in the model record the corresponding parameters and send them to the data processing module for analysis and processing; 6) Change the spring size and stiffness to change the vertical load to simulate the different energies released at the moment of breaking of thick water-bearing sandstones of different thicknesses and strengths. Repeat steps 1) to 5) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining area induced by the release of different energies in thick rock formations. The spring parameter values ​​refer to the following formula: C E =C ρ ×C l 4 C E is the energy similarity ratio; U is the energy released by the spring replacing the rock layer; J is the section moment of inertia of the roof, b is the width of the rock layer, h is the thickness of the rock layer replaced by the spring; q is the unit length conversion load of the roof weight and the additional load of the overlying rock layer; l is the overhang length of the roof; E is the elastic modulus; k is the spring stiffness; x is the spring deformation; n is the number of springs; 7) Changing the water pressure of water injection into different thick water-bearing sandstones and various rock formations, and repeating steps 1) to 6) to simulate the stress accumulation and impact law of the mining field induced by different initial water pressures.

2. The experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transient impact trigger module includes an impact hammer driven by a suspension, a hydrogen cannon or a dynamic hydraulic device.

3. The experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Initial conditions include rock layer thickness, strength, and water content.

4. The experimental method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the extremely thick water-bearing sandstone is not less than 200 meters, and the thickness of the rock layer below the extremely thick water-bearing sandstone plus the coal layer is not less than 200 meters.

5. A simulation experiment device for impact dynamic disaster induced by thick and multi-layer water-bearing overburden, characterized by comprising: a sealed box, a horizontal loading module, a vertical elastic loading module, a transient impact triggering module, a water-bearing overburden model and an array pipe water filling module; the sealed box comprises a box (11), a cover plate (12), a sealing strip (13) and a water guide hole (14); the box (11) is equipped with a horizontal loading module around it; the horizontal loading module comprises a plurality of horizontal hydraulic loading cylinders (22), an inner hole sealing ring (23) and a horizontal pressing plate (24 ); the vertical loading module includes a vertical pressure rod (33), a vertical pressure plate (36), a spring (34), an inner hole sealing ring (35) and a vertical hydraulic loading cylinder (31); the transient impact trigger module includes an impact anvil (43), an impact pressure plate (45), an impact anvil (43) and an impact hammer (42); the water-bearing overburden model includes a thick water-bearing sandstone (51), a common water-bearing rock layer (52) and a coal seam (53); the array pipe water filling module includes a water filling module body (61), an array water guide pipe (62), a flow valve ( 65) and a pressure valve (64); the extension rod of the horizontal hydraulic loading cylinder (22) passes through the mounting hole of the box body (11) and the sealing ring (23) in the hole, and is connected to the horizontal pressing plate (24); a slidable vertical pressing rod (33) is installed on the cover plate (12), the lower part of the vertical pressing rod (33) is connected to the vertical pressing plate (36), and the vertical pressing rod (33) is installed with a spring (34) on the top of the cover plate (12), and multiple vertical pressing rods (33) pass through the cross beam (32), and vertical hydraulic loading cylinders (31) are provided on the left and right sides of the cross beam (32) An impact pressure rod (44) is installed in the middle of the crossbeam (32), the bottom of the impact pressure rod (44) is connected to an impact pressure plate (45), and an impact anvil (43) is installed on the top; an impact hammer (42) is installed above the impact anvil (43); an array pipe water filling module is installed at the bottom of the box body (11) through a mounting hole and a sealing ring (63), the upper part of the array pipe water filling module is buried inside the water-bearing overburden model, and array water pipes (62) of different lengths are arranged inside, and each water pipe is connected to a separate flow valve (65) and a pressure valve (64).

6. The experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The impact hammer (42) is driven by a suspension, a hydrogen gun or a dynamic hydraulic device.

7. The experimental device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The elastic force of the spring (34) is adjustable.

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