Device for monitoring evaporation and permeation of wetland

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for monitoring evaporation and permeation of a wetland, which comprises a measurement part and a control part, wherein the measurement part comprises a soil box which is filled with soil and is loaded with a corresponding sensor; the data transmission part comprises a microprocessor module and a data conversion and storage module; the terminal display part comprises a portable data collector and a main controller; the water supply and drainage part comprises a control module, an electric control valve and a water supply and drainage device, and the control module controls the electric control valve to automatically adjust the water supply or drainage amount according to the soil moisture monitoring result. According to the invention, a high-precision weighing technology is adopted: through unique weighing sensor arrangement and a high-frequency sampling technology, the measurement precision can reach 0.01 g, and high-sensitivity monitoring of moisture change is realized; various environmental parameters are integrated, more comprehensive explanation is provided for soil moisture changes, besides soil moisture, the device can monitor meteorological indexes such as soil temperature, air temperature and humidity in an expanded mode, and a basis is provided for comprehensive agricultural management decision making.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of soil moisture measuring equipment, in particular to a device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration. Background Art

[0002] As an important factor affecting plant growth and ecosystem functions, the dynamic changes of soil moisture have a significant impact on agricultural production, climate research and ecological protection. In agricultural production, moisture is one of the important factors affecting crop growth. Soil evaporation and plant transpiration are collectively called evapotranspiration, which has an important impact on the water balance between soil and the environment. However, the measurement of soil moisture is not simple. Traditional evaporation and penetration devices on the market are often limited by measurement accuracy, operational complexity and data processing capabilities, and cannot meet the needs of modern agriculture.

[0003] Most of the existing evaporation and penetration devices are indirect measurements with limited measurement accuracy, especially in complex agricultural environments. Most soil evaporation and penetration devices use sensors based on the principles of electrical impedance or capacitance, which have problems such as slow response speed and poor environmental adaptability. At the same time, data collection and result analysis often rely on manual operation, which is inefficient and prone to data loss and misoperation. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new and efficient evaporation and penetration device to improve the scientificity and accuracy of moisture monitoring. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration, wherein the device comprises a plurality of functional modules to support efficient and accurate soil moisture measurement to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration, comprising a measuring part: the measuring part comprises a soil box, the bottom of which is provided with drainage holes, the interior of which is filled with soil and loaded with corresponding sensors, and the corresponding sensors are used to monitor the change of soil moisture in real time; these sensors can measure the evaporation rate and evaporation amount of water in the soil; A groundwater extraction mechanism for supplying water to the soil box is installed on one side of the soil box, and the groundwater extraction mechanism includes a mounting frame, and the mounting frame is provided with an upper cavity and a middle cavity for storing water from top to bottom, the upper cavity is connected to the middle cavity, a water pump is provided at the bottom of the middle cavity, a water delivery pipe is installed at the position of the upper cavity, and the water delivery pipe is connected to the water delivery port at the top of the soil box; the groundwater extraction mechanism also includes a plurality of moisture sensors, and the plurality of moisture sensors are respectively distributed at different height positions of the soil box; A soil renovation mechanism is installed on the other side of the soil box near its bottom; and a feeding hopper, a storage bin and a feeding pipe are arranged on the soil renovation mechanism; the feeding hopper is used to add materials to the renovated soil, and the storage bin is used to temporarily store the treated soil, and the treated soil is transported back to the soil box through the feeding pipe for secondary utilization; Data transmission part: The data transmission part includes a microprocessor module and a data conversion and storage module; the data transmission part adopts advanced wireless transmission technology to transmit the soil moisture data to the terminal display part in real time through the microprocessor module and the data conversion and storage module; Terminal display part: including portable data collector and main controller, equipped with mature supporting software and user-friendly touch screen or LCD display; this part is used for centralized data processing and analysis, and can provide users with real-time data display and historical data query functions; Water supply and drainage part: includes control module, electric control valve and water supply and drainage device. The control module controls the electric control valve according to the soil moisture monitoring results to automatically adjust the supply or drainage volume, thereby adjusting the soil water level and controlling the moisture content of the soil. It can not only achieve precise control of irrigation and drainage, ensure dynamic regulation of moisture, and better simulate natural conditions, but also has automatic fault protection function to ensure safe operation of the equipment.

[0006] Preferably, the soil renovation mechanism includes a accommodating cavity arranged on the outer wall of the soil box, and a rotating shaft is arranged in the accommodating cavity, the rotating shaft extends inwardly into the soil box, a plurality of spiral blades are evenly distributed on the rotating shaft, and the spiral blades are spirally formed toward one end close to the accommodating cavity, a coupling is arranged at the input end of the rotating shaft, a motor is arranged at one end of the accommodating cavity, and the motor is connected to the coupling through a belt.

[0007] Preferably, the corresponding sensors of the measuring part include weighing sensors and environmental sensors; the weighing sensors are strain gauge weighing sensors and / or piezoelectric sensors, which can monitor soil moisture changes in real time. Their measurement accuracy can reach 0.01 grams, with fast response time and high linearity, ensuring accurate measurement under different soil conditions. The environmental sensors include temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors and air pressure sensors, which are used to monitor the microclimate data above the soil. The microclimate data include temperature, humidity, light intensity and air pressure. These data can be used to analyze the relationship between evaporation rate and environmental conditions; three weighing sensors are provided, and the three weighing sensors are evenly distributed in a ring shape on the three fulcrums at the bottom of the soil box.

[0008] Preferably, the feeding hopper is arranged at the top of the accommodating cavity, and the storage bin is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating cavity, the storage bin is provided with a feed bin opening and a discharge bin opening, the accommodating cavity is connected with the storage bin through the feed bin opening, and the storage bin is connected with the feeding pipe through the discharge bin opening, the feeding pipe is arranged at a side of the soil box at an angle of 45°, and the feeding port of the feeding pipe corresponds to the opening at the top of the soil box, and a spiral feeding rod is rotatably arranged in the feeding pipe.

[0009] Preferably, the power management system is powered by renewable energy or 220V AC power; the renewable energy power supply includes a power supply solution composed of solar panels and batteries to ensure long-term stable operation; the data conversion and storage module has a built-in large-capacity storage chip; it is used to store historical data and user settings to provide support for long-term monitoring; the microprocessor module uses a high-performance embedded microprocessor (such as the ARM Cortex series), which can process data from various sensors at high speed and realize real-time calculation and analysis.

[0010] Preferably, the wireless transmission technology is LoRa, NBIoT, RFID low-power wireless communication technology to achieve real-time data transmission; it can be connected to a cloud platform or a local receiver to support remote monitoring and data backup.

[0011] Preferably, the mature supporting software is a mobile phone application or a Web platform, and users can remotely access instrument data through mobile devices to understand soil moisture conditions anytime and anywhere.

[0012] Preferably, the water supply and drainage device includes a filter layer with a thickness of 25-35 cm arranged at the bottom of the soil box, a pipe network is arranged in the filter layer, dense small holes are arranged on the pipe wall of the pipe network, and stainless steel gauze is wrapped outside the pipe. The water supply and drainage device also includes a liquid level bottle arranged next to the soil box and a liquid level meter for real-time monitoring of the liquid level, and the water level in the liquid level bottle is the same as the water level in the soil box.

[0013] Preferably, the evaporative permeation device has the ability to operate stably in an environment of -20°C to 60°C, and has waterproof, dustproof and corrosion-resistant properties.

[0014] Preferably, the device comprises a multi-layer structure: a collection layer, a processing layer, a transmission layer and a user interface layer; Collection layer: Use a variety of sensors to monitor soil moisture changes in real time, including temperature and humidity sensors. It is also equipped with a self-learning algorithm to automatically adjust measurement parameters according to environmental changes.

[0015] Processing layer: Equipped with an embedded microprocessor, it is responsible for acquiring sensor signals in real time and performing data processing; all data will be pre-processed, screened and filtered to ensure data accuracy.

[0016] Transmission layer: Wireless network means (such as Wi-Fi or Bluetooth) are used to transmit the processed data to the user terminal in real time; the device has remote access function, and users can monitor soil conditions in real time through mobile devices or computers.

[0017] User interface layer: The data is summarized and displayed on the LCD screen, including real-time moisture status, historical data and trend charts, which is convenient for users to query and analyze. This part adopts a multi-language interface design to enhance the user's operating experience.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and benefits of the present invention are: The present invention is provided with a soil renovation mechanism, which cooperates with a feeding hopper and a storage bin to process the soil, and then transports the processed soil back to the soil box through a feeding pipe for secondary utilization; The present invention is equipped with high-precision weighing technology: through the unique weighing sensor arrangement and high-frequency sampling technology, the measurement accuracy can reach 0.01 grams, meeting the high-standard scientific research requirements and realizing high-sensitivity monitoring of moisture changes; Multi-parameter comprehensive analysis device: Integrates multiple environmental parameters (such as temperature, humidity, and light) to provide a more comprehensive explanation for soil moisture changes. In addition to soil moisture, the device can also monitor meteorological indicators such as soil temperature, air temperature, and humidity to provide a basis for comprehensive agricultural management decisions; Intelligent data processing and decision support: The device has built-in multiple data analysis tools, which can perform trend analysis and prediction on historical data. With the help of artificial intelligence and machine learning technology, it has adaptive adjustment capabilities and automatically optimizes measurement and water supply control strategies according to real-time data and environmental changes.

[0019] Remote real-time monitoring platform: Users can obtain soil moisture data at any time through mobile devices, support cloud-based data management, and realize data visualization and sharing through the platform, which helps researchers conduct large-scale monitoring and communication; Easy to install and operate: The whole system has a simple design, easy installation, suitable for various land conditions, and a user-friendly operation interface. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is the overall structural diagram of the device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a load-bearing structure diagram of the evaporation and penetration device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a layout diagram of the weighing sensors of the evaporation and permeation device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a block diagram of the measurement and control system of the evaporation and permeation device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a block diagram of the acquisition module of the evaporation and penetration device of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a diagram of data collection and transmission of the evaporation and penetration device of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage system of the present invention; Figure 8 This is the overall software architecture diagram of the device of the present invention; Fig. 9 This is a diagram for dividing all functions of the software of the present invention; Fig.10 This is a functional division diagram of the software supporting the evaporation and penetration device of the present invention; Fig.11 This is a power supply configuration diagram of the present invention; Fig.12 This is a network structure diagram of the control center of the present invention; Fig.13 This is a diagram of the soil box structure of the device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration according to the present invention.

[0021] In the figure: 1. soil box; 2. groundwater extraction mechanism; 21. mounting frame; 22. upper cavity; 23. middle cavity; 24. water pump; 25. water pipe; 3. moisture sensor; 4. filter layer; 5. soil renovation mechanism; 51. accommodating cavity; 52. rotating shaft; 53. spiral blade; 54. coupling; 55. motor; 6. hopper; 7. storage bin; 71. feed bin opening; 72. discharge bin opening; 8. feeding pipe; 81. spiral feeding rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The following will be combined with the attached embodiment of the present invention Figure 1-13 , the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] By combining actual operation data with results, evaporation permeation devices have been successfully applied in many fields: Farmland management: After being deployed in a large agricultural cooperative, the system has improved the yield and quality of crops through real-time monitoring and management of moisture during the growth period of major crops, while effectively saving water resources and achieving "precision irrigation."

[0024] Ecological restoration example: In a degraded wetland restoration example, the instrument was used to monitor the moisture dynamics of wetland soil, helping researchers understand the water balance of the wetland ecosystem and improving the ability to evaluate the effectiveness of ecological restoration measures.

[0025] Climate change research: In a scientific research example on the impact of climate change, the evaporation-permeability device provided valuable long-term soil moisture data, helping scholars analyze the impact of climate change on drought frequency and water cycle, and received recognition and support from international peers.

[0026] Soil protection: Assess soil drought and water loss, develop soil protection measures, and maintain soil health.

[0027] See also Figure 1 , 2, 13, The present invention provides a technical solution: a device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration, including a measuring part, a data transmission part, a terminal display part and a water supply and drainage part.

[0028] Measuring part: This part includes a soil box 1, the bottom of which is equipped with drainage holes, filled with soil, and loaded with corresponding sensors, which are used to monitor the change of soil moisture in real time; a groundwater extraction mechanism 2 for supplying water to the soil box 1 is installed on one side of the soil box 1, and the groundwater extraction mechanism 2 includes a mounting frame 21, and the mounting frame 21 is provided with an upper cavity 22 and a middle cavity 23 for storing water from top to bottom, the upper cavity 22 is connected to the middle cavity 23, and a water pump 24 is provided at the bottom of the middle cavity 23 , a water pipe 25 is installed at the position of the upper cavity 22, and the water pipe 25 is connected to the water inlet at the top of the soil box 1; the groundwater extraction mechanism 2 also includes a plurality of moisture sensors 3, and the plurality of moisture sensors 3 are respectively distributed at different heights of the soil box 1; a soil renovation mechanism 5 is installed on the other side of the soil box 1 near its bottom; and a feeding hopper 6, a storage bin 7 and a feeding pipe 8 are provided on the soil renovation mechanism 5; the feeding hopper 6 is used to add materials to the renovated soil, and the storage bin 7 is used for temporary storage of the treated soil, and the treated soil is transported back to the soil box 1 through the feeding pipe 8 for secondary use; Data transmission part: The data transmission part includes a microprocessor module and a data conversion and storage module; the data transmission part adopts advanced wireless transmission technology to transmit the soil moisture data to the terminal display part in real time through the microprocessor module and the data conversion and storage module; Terminal display part: including portable data collector and main controller, equipped with mature supporting software and user-friendly touch screen or LCD display; this part is used for centralized data processing and analysis, and can provide users with real-time data display and historical data query functions; Water supply and drainage part: includes control module, electric control valve and water supply and drainage device, wherein the control module controls the electric control valve according to the soil moisture monitoring results to automatically adjust the supply or drainage volume, thereby adjusting the soil water level and controlling the moisture content of the soil.

[0029] The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration also includes a soil renovation mechanism 5, which includes a receiving chamber 51 arranged on the outer wall of the soil box 1, and a rotating shaft 52 is arranged in the receiving chamber 51, and the rotating shaft 52 extends inwardly into the soil box 1, and a plurality of spiral blades 53 are evenly distributed on the rotating shaft 52, and the spiral blades 53 are spirally formed toward one end close to the receiving chamber 51, and a coupling 54 is arranged at the input end of the rotating shaft 52, and a motor 55 is arranged at one end of the receiving chamber 51, and the motor 55 is driven by a belt. The belt is connected with the coupling 54; the feeding hopper 6 is arranged at the top of the accommodating chamber 51, and the storage bin 7 is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating chamber 51, and the storage bin 7 is provided with a feed bin port 71 and a discharge bin port 72, the accommodating chamber 51 is connected with the storage bin 7 through the feed bin port 71, and the storage bin 7 is connected with the feeding pipe 8 through the discharge bin port 72, the feeding pipe 8 is arranged at one side of the soil box 1 at an angle of 45°, and the feeding port of the feeding pipe 8 corresponds to the opening at the top of the soil box 1, and a spiral feeding rod 81 is rotatably arranged in the feeding pipe 8.

[0030] The corresponding sensors of the measurement part include weighing sensors and environmental sensors; the weighing sensors are strain gauge weighing sensors and / or piezoelectric sensors, and the environmental sensors include temperature and humidity sensors, light sensors and air pressure sensors, which are used to monitor the microclimate data above the soil. The microclimate data includes temperature, humidity, light intensity and air pressure. The lysimeter (evaporation and infiltration device) uses high-precision weighing sensors, which mainly include the following types: Piezoelectric sensor: It uses the property of piezoelectric materials to generate electric charge when subjected to pressure, and has high sensitivity and stability.

[0031] Strain gauge: Converts the deformation of the sensor into a voltage signal, suitable for dynamic measurement.

[0032] The sensors are evenly distributed on the supporting structure at the bottom of the soil box 1. Through accurate weighing measurement, the moisture changes of the soil can be obtained in real time. In addition, the weighing system has been calibrated many times to ensure that it can work stably under various soil conditions.

[0033] Lysimeter measurement principle: For the soil column measured by the lysimeter, the water balance equation is: ∆S=P+I+Q-∆R-ET (1); In formula (1), ∆S is the change in soil water storage, P is precipitation, I is irrigation, Q is groundwater flow, ∆R is net surface runoff, and ET is evaporation.

[0034] For a lysimeter (a device for evaporation and osmosis), ∆R can generally be ignored, and equation (1) can be changed to ET = P + I + Q - ∆S (2); Formula (2) Precipitation (P) and irrigation (I) can be measured directly by rain gauges and water meters. The change in soil water storage (∆S) represents the increase in water after precipitation or irrigation, or measures the loss of water due to evaporation, which is more difficult to measure, so a high-precision weighing system was developed to measure ∆S.

[0035] The groundwater flow Q represents the amount of water supplied to and discharged from the soil column by the lysimeter water supply and drainage system. When the groundwater level does not change, the amount of water added to the soil column is the groundwater recharge to soil water (Eg), Eg=Q, and the amount of water discharged from the soil column is the groundwater recharge (Rg), Rg=Q. If the groundwater level in the field changes, in order to keep the water level in the instrument consistent with the field water level, a certain amount of water needs to be added or discharged into the soil column. The groundwater recharge to soil water and the infiltration amount can be indirectly calculated from it. If the groundwater level rises by ∆H; Eg=Qa×∆H (3); If the groundwater level drops by ∆H; Eg = b × ∆HQ (4); In formulas (3)-(4), a and b are coefficients determined by water absorption and dehydration experiments. In fact, a=b=∆Q, where ∆Q is the change in water content when the groundwater level rises or falls, which can be measured by a water level meter.

[0036] The weighing sensor uses a high-precision weighing sensor. Three fulcrums under the weighing platform support the weighing soil box 1. A weighing sensor is placed at each fulcrum. The three weighing sensors are weighed and calculated together. Figure 3 shown.

[0037] Due to the inherent zero drift and creep characteristics of the weighing sensor, the measurement accuracy will inevitably be affected under long-term stress conditions, and the error parameters of each sensor are different. This embodiment develops a weighing sensor calibration device and method to test and calibrate its range, stability, repeatability and sensitivity. For example, the range test adopts a method of loading known weights of 20~3000Kg in sequence and then unloading in sequence; in order to test its stability, a 3000Kg weight is loaded to the weighing sensor within 2h, and then the degree is measured every 30min to determine its stability. The sensitivity of the weighing sensor is measured by loading and unloading 100g, 200g, 200g, 300g, 200g, 1000g, 1000g, 2000g in sequence. Thereby effectively eliminating the measurement errors caused by zero drift and creep.

[0038] Data collection principle and scheme: The data collection of this device is all intelligent. The data can be directly saved in the database, or saved in the form of data files according to the designed cycle, and can be remotely transmitted and monitored through the network. The machine body includes four levels: physical equipment layer, network transmission layer, data resource layer, scientific research business layer, and two support systems: information security guarantee and standard specification construction.

[0039] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the block diagram of the measurement and control system of the evaporation and penetration device includes: the automatic collection function of all data in the physical equipment layer; the network transmission layer uses the Internet local area network to realize the remote creation and monitoring function of scientific research data; the data resource layer is based on the .NET data management server, which integrates the scientific research data collected or imported by the experimental base, and provides data services such as dynamic data exchange, remote output and security monitoring to the upper layer; the scientific research business and C / S mode provide services such as remote data monitoring, scientific research data download, system operation and maintenance; the information security guarantee system ensures system security through data transmission encryption, user authentication and other methods; the standard specification construction system includes scientific research data format specifications, data transmission protocols and other construction contents.

[0040] This embodiment uses 4 collector modules to complete the data collection task. Each collection module provides 32 signal collection terminals such as Figure 5 As shown, the signal collected by each terminal can be converted into a 485 signal. Through the 485 bus current module, it can form a 485 network with the control cabinet (such as Figure 6 In the network, each acquisition module has its own fixed node address, and the control cabinet can communicate with the module nodes in the group uniquely through this address.

[0041] Monitoring of the flow (leakage) process and the water replenishment (drainage) system of soil box 1: A filter layer 4 of a certain thickness (30 cm) is designed at the bottom of the soil box 1. A pipe network is arranged inside the filter layer. The pipe wall is perforated with dense small holes, and the outside of the pipe is wrapped with stainless steel gauze. In this way, the moisture in the soil can enter and exit the pipe network while isolating solid matter. The principle of communicating vessels is adopted, and the water level in the liquid level bottle arranged next to the soil box 1 is the same as the water level in the soil box 1, and the liquid level is monitored in real time with a liquid level gauge. During operation, when the liquid level exceeds the set water level, the drainage electric valve is opened to drain the system, and the system liquid level is lowered; when the liquid level is lower than the set water level, the water supply pump is turned on, and the water inlet electric valve is opened to supply water to the soil box 1, so that the system liquid level rises to the set value. When the system liquid level reaches the set liquid level, the water supply or drainage system is closed, and the system enters the monitoring and judgment state. A water replenishment subsystem is set for each soil box 1, and there are 5 sets of water replenishment subsystems in total. The schemes adopted are as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0042] The specific implementation method is as follows: the groundwater is extracted into the middle cavity 23 by the water pump 24 of the groundwater extraction mechanism 2, and then enters the upper cavity 22. A water pipe 25 is installed at the position of the upper cavity 22. Water is input into the soil box 1 through the water pipe 25. The water gradually penetrates downward in the soil box 1. Multiple moisture sensors 3 are respectively distributed at different heights of the soil box 1; the moisture content at different heights of the soil box 1 can be monitored at any time to determine whether water replenishment or drainage is needed.

[0043] Among them, the device can also use the soil renovation mechanism 5 to renovate the soil in the soil box 1 from bottom to top; first, the motor 55 and the feeding pipe 8 are turned on synchronously, and the motor 55 is connected to the coupling 54 through a belt, thereby driving the rotating shaft 52 to rotate, and the spiral blade 53 thereon rotates accordingly. On the one hand, the soil at the bottom of the soil box 1 is crushed and tilled, and on the other hand, the loosened soil is pushed into the accommodating chamber 51. At the same time, a moisturizer or a fertilizer retainer or other materials are added through the feeding hopper 6. The addition of materials needs to be selected according to the actual use occasion of the soil box 1 of the device. After the material is mixed with the soil, it falls into the storage bin 7. The storage bin 7 is used for temporary storage of the treated soil. Then the treated soil enters the feeding pipe 8 through the discharge bin port 72, and the spiral feeding rod 81 cooperates with the feeding pipe 8 to transport the treated soil back to the soil box 1 for secondary use, thereby completing the renovation of the hard soil in the soil box 1.

[0044] When the water in the soil box 1 is greater than the water holding capacity of the soil, the excess water will flow out of the soil box 1 through the filter layer 4 under the soil. The amount of water that flows out of the soil box 1 is introduced into a stainless steel container and measured by an S-type weighing sensor to participate in the calculation of the evaporation of the entire device.

[0045] Software development solution: Microsoft .NET Framework is a new managed code programming model for Windows. It combines powerful features with new technologies to build applications with visually compelling user experiences, achieve seamless communication across technology boundaries, and support a variety of business processes. .NET has all the solutions for developing applications, including full functions such as verification, caching, state management, debugging, and deployment. In terms of code writing, the feature is to separate page logic from business logic, which separates program code from displayed content, making it easier to write colorful interfaces. At the same time, it makes the program code look cleaner and simpler, as shown in Figures 8-9.

[0046] In order to reduce the workload of repeated software development, improve the versatility of the software and facilitate future functional expansion, this embodiment follows the idea of ​​software engineering and develops a sensor configuration module, such as Fig.10 As shown, the software can be adapted to the needs of lysimeters with different measurement requirements, and can also be adapted to the tailoring of the hardware.

[0047] The supporting software follows the C / S model, and the user interface is reflected as a series of Win interfaces, and the interfaces are jumped between through menu operations and other methods.

[0048] This system uses the database management software MySQL for unified storage and management of scientific research data, and takes into account the scalability of the system. The main functions of the system that can be operated on the lower computer are: 1. 232 serial port configuration: mainly set the name of the 232 serial port, the name of the lower computer, baud rate, data bit, stop bit, check mode, sampling interval; 2. Lysimeter parameter determination: determine the parameters of the lysimeter; 3. Weight measurement unit setting: set weight parameters; 4. Historical data query and text data import function.

[0049] The lower computer operation subsystem covers various commands issued to the data collector. The main modules are: Real-time data reception: Send a real-time data reception command to the lower computer, load the real-time data collected by the lower computer into the page in the form of dynamic charts, and save the real-time data to the MySQL database.

[0050] Historical data reception: Send a historical data reception command to the lower computer and save the historical data collected by the lower computer to the MySQL database.

[0051] New data reception: Send a new data acceptance command to the lower computer, and store the historical data collected by the lower computer into the MySQL database according to the custom time period.

[0052] Lower computer management: set and read the status parameters of the lower computer.

[0053] The data management subsystem covers query, statistics, and report modules: the system organically and creatively combines query, statistics, and report functions, providing powerful query and report printing functions, and providing a real and scientific basis for engineering analysis. Friendly and simple condition settings are convenient for personnel to use.

[0054] The data import and export functions protect data to the maximum extent and facilitate query and statistics.

[0055] Power supply configuration scheme: The power supply scheme of the entire system is as follows: Fig.11 As shown in the figure, 220V AC is transformed and rectified into 24V to power the sensor, and this 24V is output as 5V after passing through the power module to power the control cabinet. According to the survey, the construction area is located in an open space. According to the lightning risk assessment, the equipment and facilities in the construction area are prone to lightning strikes, so the power supply system needs to be lightning and surge protected. The lightning protection is described in detail in Section 5.3.8. The power supply power of the entire system is about 350W (including the main controller, line loss and margin).

[0056] Control center layout plan: The control center of the test base is planned to be laid out, see Fig.12 , and realize the following functions: Set up a data center server and connect it to the network switch. The server manages the database of the soil pit detection data system, and has the characteristics of large capacity, fast processing speed, and high reliability. Set up a hardware firewall, which has security and fire protection control for external network access, and can set up black and white lists to organize untrusted areas to access the network and data resources of this system. Set up a network center switch to complete the network connection of the network center and provide expandable network ports. This type of switch has a network management interface, can provide 24 10 / 100M adaptive connection ports, and is equipped with 2 fiber optic slots, so that the network system has a large expansion capability. Set up a router, connect to the firewall internally, and connect to China Mobile or China Telecom's 4-8M fiber optic dedicated line externally. Set up an application server and install the data management system software to meet the customer's data processing and query needs.

[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for monitoring wetland evaporation and penetration, characterized in that: include: Measuring part: This part comprises a soil box (1), the bottom of which is provided with drainage holes, the interior of which is filled with soil and loaded with corresponding sensors, and the corresponding sensors are used to monitor the change of soil moisture in real time; A groundwater extraction mechanism (2) for supplying water to the soil box (1) is installed on one side of the soil box (1), and the groundwater extraction mechanism (2) comprises a mounting frame (21), and the mounting frame (21) is provided with an upper cavity (22) and a middle cavity (23) for storing water from top to bottom, the upper cavity (22) is connected to the middle cavity (23), a water pump (24) is provided at the bottom of the middle cavity (23), a water delivery pipe (25) is installed at the position of the upper cavity (22), and the water delivery pipe (25) is connected to the water delivery port at the top of the soil box (1); the groundwater extraction mechanism (2) also comprises a plurality of moisture sensors (3), and the plurality of moisture sensors (3) are respectively distributed at different height positions of the soil box (1); A soil renovation mechanism (5) is installed on the other side of the soil box (1) near the bottom thereof; and a feeding hopper (6), a storage bin (7) and a feeding pipe (8) are provided on the soil renovation mechanism (5); the feeding hopper (6) is used to add materials to the renovated soil, and the storage bin (7) is used to temporarily store the treated soil, and the treated soil is transported back to the soil box (1) through the feeding pipe (8) for secondary utilization; Data transmission part: The data transmission part includes a microprocessor module and a data conversion and storage module; the data transmission part adopts advanced wireless transmission technology to transmit the soil moisture data to the terminal display part in real time through the microprocessor module and the data conversion and storage module; Terminal display part: including portable data collector and main controller, equipped with mature supporting software and user-friendly touch screen or LCD display; this part is used for centralized data processing and analysis, and can provide users with real-time data display and historical data query functions; Water supply and drainage part: includes control module, electric control valve and water supply and drainage device, wherein the control module controls the electric control valve according to the soil moisture monitoring results to automatically adjust the supply or drainage volume, thereby adjusting the soil water level and controlling the moisture content of the soil.

2. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil renovation mechanism (5) comprises a receiving cavity (51) arranged on the outer wall of the soil box (1), and a rotating shaft (52) is arranged in the receiving cavity (51), and the rotating shaft (52) extends inwardly into the soil box (1), and a plurality of spiral blades (53) are distributed on the rotating shaft (52) at equal intervals, and the spiral blades (53) are spirally formed toward one end close to the receiving cavity (51), and a coupling (54) is arranged at the input end of the rotating shaft (52), and a motor (55) is arranged at one end of the receiving cavity (51), and the motor (55) is connected to the coupling (54) via a belt.

3. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The corresponding sensors of the measuring part include a weighing sensor and an environmental sensor; the weighing sensor is a strain type weighing sensor and / or a piezoelectric sensor, and the environmental sensor includes a temperature and humidity sensor, a light sensor and an air pressure sensor, which are used to monitor the microclimate data above the soil, and the microclimate data includes temperature, humidity, light intensity and air pressure; three weighing sensors are provided, and the three weighing sensors are evenly distributed in a ring shape on three supporting points at the bottom of the soil box (1).

4. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding hopper (6) is arranged at the top of the accommodating chamber (51), and the storage bin (7) is arranged at the bottom of the accommodating chamber (51). The storage bin (7) is provided with a feed bin opening (71) and a discharge bin opening (72). The accommodating chamber (51) is connected to the storage bin (7) through the feed bin opening (71), and the storage bin (7) is connected to a feeding pipe (8) through the discharge bin opening (72). The feeding pipe (8) is arranged at a side of the soil box (1) at an angle of 45 degrees, and the feeding opening of the feeding pipe (8) corresponds to the opening at the top of the soil box (1). A spiral feeding rod (81) is rotatably arranged in the feeding pipe (8).

5. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power management system is powered by renewable energy or 220V mains electricity; the renewable energy power supply includes a power supply solution composed of solar panels and batteries; the data conversion and storage module has a built-in large-capacity storage chip; the microprocessor module uses a high-performance embedded microprocessor, which can process data from various sensors at high speed and realize real-time calculation and analysis.

6. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless transmission technology is LoRa, NBIoT, and RFID low-power wireless communication technology to achieve real-time data transmission.

7. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water supply and drainage device comprises a filter layer (4) with a thickness of 25-35 cm arranged at the bottom of the soil box (1), a pipe network is arranged inside the filter layer (4), and the pipe wall of the pipe network is provided with dense small holes. The outside of the pipe is also wrapped with stainless steel gauze. The water supply and drainage device also comprises a liquid level bottle arranged next to the soil box (1) and a liquid level meter for real-time monitoring of the liquid level, and the water level in the liquid level bottle is the same as the water level in the soil box (1).

8. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mature supporting software is a mobile phone application or a Web platform. Users can remotely access instrument data through mobile devices and understand soil moisture conditions anytime and anywhere.

9. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The evaporative permeation device has the ability to operate stably in an environment of -20°C to 60°C, and has waterproof, dustproof and corrosion-resistant properties.

10. The device for monitoring wetland evaporation and infiltration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device includes a multi-layer structure: an acquisition layer, a processing layer, a transmission layer and a user interface layer; Collection layer: Use a variety of sensors to monitor soil moisture changes in real time; Processing layer: Equipped with an embedded microprocessor, responsible for real-time acquisition of sensor signals and data processing; Transport layer: uses wireless network means to transmit processed data to user terminals in real time; User interface layer: The data is summarized and displayed on the LCD screen, including real-time moisture status, historical data and trend charts, which is convenient for users to query and analyze.

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