Methods, apparatus, and computer equipment for determining parameters of microstrip gain equalizers

Abstract

This application relates to a method, apparatus, and computer device for determining parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer, and pertains to the field of microwave passive circuit technology. The method includes: obtaining a first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters included in each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; updating the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first fitness to obtain a target equalizer parameter configuration scheme; obtaining a second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme; and using the second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the smallest second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer. This method can improve the efficiency of parameter determination in the design process of a microstrip gain equalizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of microwave passive circuit technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, computer device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for determining parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer. Background Technology

[0002] In RF module products, microstrip equalizers are widely used in broadband links due to their low cost, simple manufacturing, and easy integration. They are essential components for achieving excellent flatness in broadband transceiver RF links, and are therefore widely used in the flatness design of broadband amplifiers.

[0003] Gain equalizers are mainly used at the output of broadband amplifiers. In communication systems, they are usually located at the transmitting or receiving end. In some systems, the gain tends to attenuate more at higher frequencies, i.e., exhibiting a negative slope. In this case, it is necessary to install an equalizer with a positive slope in the transmission curve to improve the amplitude-frequency characteristics and make the output signal achieve the flatness required by the technology. This can greatly improve signal distortion.

[0004] However, while some passive components in microwave devices, such as power dividers, isolators, couplers, and filters, have relatively well-established theoretical foundations and calculation methods, equalizers are specialized devices designed for different specifications and environments, making them difficult to design using general theoretical and calculation methods. In general, the current design process for microstrip gain equalizers suffers from low efficiency in parameter determination. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method, apparatus, computer device, computer-readable storage medium, and computer program product for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer that can improve the efficiency of parameter determination in the design process of a microstrip gain equalizer, in order to address the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0006] Firstly, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer. The method includes:

[0007] Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0008] Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers.

[0009] Based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained;

[0010] The second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness are used as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0011] Secondly, this application also provides a parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer. The device includes:

[0012] The first fitness calculation module is used to obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0013] The target equalizer parameter configuration scheme determination module is used to update the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes for a preset number of rounds based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, so as to obtain the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes of multiple microstrip gain equalizers.

[0014] The second fitness calculation module is used to obtain the fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0015] The equalizer configuration parameter determination module is used to take the second equalizer configuration parameters contained in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0016] Thirdly, this application also provides a computer device. The computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, and the processor executing the computer program to perform the following steps:

[0017] Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0018] Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers.

[0019] Based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained;

[0020] The second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness are used as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0021] Fourthly, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0022] Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0023] Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers.

[0024] Based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained;

[0025] The second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness are used as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0026] Fifthly, this application also provides a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, performs the following steps:

[0027] Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0028] Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers.

[0029] Based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained;

[0030] The second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness are used as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0031] The aforementioned method, apparatus, computer equipment, storage medium, and computer program product for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer first obtains an initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme and calculates its first fitness to evaluate its performance. Then, based on the first fitness, the initial scheme is updated multiple times to generate multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes. Subsequently, the second fitness of these target schemes is calculated again, and the scheme with the smallest second fitness is selected. Finally, the equalizer configuration parameters in this scheme are used as the optimized microstrip gain equalizer configuration parameters. Based on a genetic algorithm, the equalizer performance is gradually optimized by crossover and mutation of the initial parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer. By first determining the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme and then performing simulation, simulation efficiency is improved. The process is simple to operate, highly applicable, supports the design of different types of equalizer parameters, and improves the parameter determination efficiency in the design process of microstrip gain equalizers. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments or related technologies of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer in one embodiment.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the parameter determination method for a microstrip gain equalizer in another embodiment;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equalizer evolution process in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an equalizer circuit model in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a 3D model of the equalizer in one embodiment;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the insertion loss in one embodiment;

[0039] Figure 7 A graph showing the input standing wave ratio in one embodiment;

[0040] Figure 8 Here is a graph showing the output standing wave ratio in one embodiment;

[0041] Figure 9 This is a structural block diagram of a parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer in one embodiment;

[0042] Figure 10 This is an internal structural diagram of a computer device in one embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0044] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of related data must comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of the relevant countries and regions.

[0045] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer is provided. This embodiment illustrates the application of this method to a terminal. It is understood that this method can also be applied to a server, and further to a system including both a terminal and a server, and implemented through interaction between the terminal and the server. In this embodiment, the method includes the following steps:

[0046] S101, obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters included in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0047] Among them, a microstrip gain equalizer is a device used in radio frequency and microwave circuits to balance signal gain, compensate for frequency response unevenness, and ensure uniform signal transmission at different frequencies. It is often used in antenna and amplifier design.

[0048] The initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is the scheme corresponding to each individual in the population obtained after initialization. This scheme includes the configuration parameters of each first equalizer, such as the cell type number of the notch cell, the resistance value of the notch cell, and the line length and linewidth of each microstrip line in the notch cell. The first fitness is calculated by first setting the expression of the fitness evaluation function, and then substituting the values ​​of the first equalizer configuration parameters into the expression of the fitness evaluation function to calculate the first fitness.

[0049] For example, an equalizer can be viewed as an individual in a population, and the individual notch cells in a cascaded equalizer can be viewed as chromosomes of that individual. The linewidth, linelength, and series resistance of the microstrip lines in the cascaded notch cells can be viewed as genetic factors. Individuals in the population can be expressed through the following gene encoding method:

[0050]

[0051] Among them, chromosome number, resistance value, length and linewidth of each microstrip line are the equalizer configuration parameters. Chromosome number refers to the chromosome corresponding to the notch unit in each equalizer to be designed.

[0052] For example, the fitness evaluation function is defined as follows:

[0053]

[0054] In the formula To calculate the insertion loss at each frequency point, The expected insertion loss for each frequency point, To input the standing wave ratio, To output the standing wave ratio (VSWR). This is done through calculation. The cumulative error at each frequency point of the equalizer network can be obtained. The smaller the cumulative error, the closer it is to the design target and the higher the fitness. The larger the cumulative error, the further it deviates from the design target and the lower the fitness.

[0055] S102, based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for multiple microstrip gain equalizers.

[0056] Here, the preset update rounds refer to the preset number of rounds for crossover, mutation, and selection, such as N times. The target equalizer parameter configuration scheme refers to the configuration scheme obtained after iteration, such as the parameter configuration scheme corresponding to a batch of individuals in the population after the last round of iteration.

[0057] S103, based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, obtain the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0058] It should be noted that the calculation method for the second fitness in step S103 is the same as the calculation method for the first fitness in step S101, and will not be repeated here.

[0059] S104, take the second equalizer configuration parameters contained in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the smallest second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0060] For example, based on the second fitness of the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme obtained after the last iteration, the population individual corresponding to the scheme with the smallest second fitness is selected, and the second equalizer configuration parameters of the population individual are used as the configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer to be designed, so as to facilitate the subsequent simulation of the performance of the designed equalizer.

[0061] It should be noted that the first fitness and the second fitness involved in steps S101 to S104 refer to the fitness function values ​​calculated by the fitness function. Generally, the smaller the fitness function value, the better the individual's fitness; conversely, the larger the fitness function value, the worse the individual's fitness.

[0062] In the aforementioned method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer, an initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is first obtained, and its first fitness is calculated to evaluate its performance. Then, based on the first fitness, the initial scheme is updated multiple times to generate multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes. Subsequently, the second fitness of these target schemes is calculated again, and the scheme with the smallest second fitness is selected. Finally, the equalizer configuration parameters in this scheme are used as the optimized microstrip gain equalizer configuration parameters. Based on a genetic algorithm, the equalizer performance is gradually optimized by crossover and mutation of the initial parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer. By first determining the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme and then performing simulation, simulation efficiency is improved. The process is simple to operate, highly applicable, and supports the design of different types of equalizer parameters, thus improving the parameter determination efficiency in the design process of microstrip gain equalizers.

[0063] In one embodiment, obtaining the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the configuration parameters of each first equalizer included in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes: obtaining the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the configuration parameters of each first equalizer; calculating the scattering parameters of the scattering matrix corresponding to the notch filter element in each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the input impedance; calculating the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the scattering parameters; and calculating the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point.

[0064] Among them, the initial microstrip gain equalizer is the gain equalizer that can be obtained by implementing the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0065] Among them, input impedance is the impedance characteristic of a circuit to an input signal, which affects the transmission and reflection of the signal; scattering parameters describe the characteristics of signal reflection and transmission in a multi-port network, usually represented by a scattering matrix; insertion loss refers to the energy loss of the signal when it passes through the device, reflecting the transmission efficiency of the device; standing wave ratio (VSWR) measures the ratio of the reflected signal to the incident signal, indicating the degree of signal reflection and affecting signal quality.

[0066] For example, a resistor is connected in series on a short section of the microstrip line, and its input impedance is:

[0067] .

[0068] Therefore, the scattering parameters can be calculated based on the input impedance of each branch, including S11 (reflection coefficient, input of port 1), S22 (reflection coefficient, input of port 2), S12 (transmission coefficient, from port 2 to port 1), and S21 (transmission coefficient, from port 1 to port 2). Then, the insertion loss and VSWR can be calculated based on the scattering parameters to solve for the fitness.

[0069] In this embodiment, the performance of the initial microstrip gain equalizer is evaluated through a series of calculation steps. First, the input impedance is calculated based on the equalizer configuration parameters, reflecting the circuit's response characteristics to the input signal. Next, the scattering matrix parameters of the notch filter element are derived using the input impedance, describing the signal's reflection and transmission characteristics within that element. Subsequently, based on the scattering parameters, the insertion loss and VSWR at each frequency point are calculated. Insertion loss represents the energy loss of the signal as it passes through the equalizer, while VSWR reflects the degree of signal reflection. Finally, these indicators are used to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, effectively improving the equalizer's design accuracy, ensuring signal transmission efficiency at different frequencies, reducing signal distortion, and enhancing the overall system performance.

[0070] In one embodiment, calculating the first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point includes: obtaining the target frequency point to be calculated and the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency point; obtaining the fitness of each target frequency point based on the target frequency point to be calculated, the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency point, the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer; and obtaining the first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the fitness of each target frequency point.

[0071] The target frequency refers to the frequency point closely related to the design and testing process of the equalizer, such as various frequency points within the 0.6-4GHz frequency range. The target frequency point to be calculated, and the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency point, can be obtained by solving the target.

[0072] In the field of equalizer design, setting the solution objective provides clear performance standards and optimization directions. By setting specific frequency ranges and expected insertion loss values, designers can more effectively evaluate and adjust the equalizer's performance, ensuring it meets specific application requirements, thereby improving the overall system performance and reliability.

[0073] For example, the goal is to find the amplitude-frequency response equalization amount [-6, -2] dB for the equalizer to achieve a positive slope in the 0.6-4 GHz frequency range. Here, the 0.6-4 GHz frequency range is the range of target frequencies, and the amplitude-frequency response equalization amount [-6, -2] dB is the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to each target frequency.

[0074] In this embodiment, the performance of the initial microstrip gain equalizer is evaluated by setting target frequencies and their corresponding expected insertion loss values. First, the target frequency range to be calculated and the expected insertion loss values ​​are determined. Next, the fitness of each target frequency is calculated by combining the insertion loss and VSWR of the initial equalizer at each frequency, reflecting its deviation from the expected value. Finally, the fitness of each target frequency is combined to obtain the first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme. This scheme provides clear performance standards and optimization directions for the design by solving for the target settings, effectively optimizing the equalizer design, ensuring the required amplitude-frequency characteristics are achieved within the specified frequency range, and improving the stability and quality of signal transmission.

[0075] In one embodiment, the first equalizer configuration parameters include the cell type number of the notch filter unit, the resistance value of the notch filter unit, and the line length and linewidth of each microstrip line in the notch filter unit. Obtaining the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the first equalizer configuration parameters includes: determining the bus length of the notch filter unit based on the line length of each microstrip line in the notch filter unit; determining the transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch filter unit based on the linewidth of each microstrip line in the notch filter unit; and obtaining the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the impedance calculation rules corresponding to the cell type number of the notch filter unit, the resistance value of the notch filter unit, the bus length of the notch filter unit, and the transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch filter unit.

[0076] The bus length of the notch filter unit can be determined by directly adding the lengths of each microstrip line, and the transmission line characteristic impedance of the entire notch filter unit can be determined by the line width of each microstrip line.

[0077] For example, a resistor is connected in series on a microstrip stub, and its input impedance is:

[0078]

[0079] This allows the RLC resonant network to function. The characteristic impedance of the transmission line is, This is the bus length of the notch filter element.

[0080] In this embodiment, the input impedance of the initial microstrip gain equalizer is systematically calculated by analyzing the configuration parameters of the first equalizer. First, based on the notch filter unit type number, the line length and linewidth of each microstrip line, the bus length of the notch filter unit and the corresponding transmission line characteristic impedance are determined. Then, using the resistance value of the notch filter unit and calculation rules, combined with the bus length and characteristic impedance, the input impedance of the equalizer is derived. This process ensures that the equalizer accurately reflects its electrical characteristics during the design phase, thereby optimizing signal transmission performance. By accurately calculating the input impedance, designers can effectively reduce signal distortion, improve the system's frequency response and stability, and ultimately achieve more efficient signal processing and transmission.

[0081] In one embodiment, based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is updated for a preset number of update rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for microstrip gain equalizers. This includes: selecting multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; performing cross-mutation processing on the multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes; obtaining the current update round; if the current update round is less than a preset update round, then using the second equalizer parameter configuration scheme as the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme for the next update round, until the current update round reaches the preset update round, and then using the multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes as multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

[0082] Among them, the selection of multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme refers to the selection process of the parent individual. The first equalizer parameter configuration scheme is the parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the selected parent individual. Similarly, the second equalizer parameter configuration scheme is the configuration scheme obtained after crossover and mutation.

[0083] For example, the process begins with selecting parent individuals. Then, the chromosomes of the selected parent individuals are crossovered and mutated. Through iterative genetic algorithms, the final batch of individuals can be directly optimized, thus finding the optimal individuals and determining the parameters of each branch that are closest to the target equilibrium curve. The final batch represents the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0084] In this embodiment, a genetic algorithm is used to iteratively optimize the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes. First, based on the fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are selected as parent individuals. Then, the parameters of these parent individuals are cross-crossed and mutated to generate multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes. By setting a preset update round, the algorithm iteratively updates until the preset round is reached, ultimately obtaining multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes. This ensures that in each round, high-quality parameter configuration schemes are retained and optimized, thereby gradually approaching the target equalization curve. Through the iterative optimization of the genetic algorithm, designers can effectively explore the parameter space, find the optimal configuration, significantly improve the performance and adaptability of the equalizer, and ensure that it can meet specific signal processing requirements in practical applications.

[0085] In one embodiment, selecting multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes based on the fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes: constructing selection probabilities corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme according to the first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; converting each selection probability to obtain the cumulative probability corresponding to each selection probability; obtaining a pre-generated random probability, and matching the random probability with the cumulative probability to obtain multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes that meet the cumulative probability.

[0086] Among them, the selection probability is negatively correlated with the first fitness. For example, since in the fitness function... The smaller the value, the higher the fitness. We obtain this by summing the inverse of the population fitness.

[0087] ,

[0088] By normalizing F using the reciprocal of the fitness value, we can obtain the individual selection probability with a total sum of 1.

[0089] For example, the roulette wheel selection algorithm needs to calculate the selection probability of each individual based on the first fitness. According to the principle of the roulette wheel algorithm, the cumulative probability array is obtained from the selection probability array, and then a random probability array is generated. By comparing the random probability array with the cumulative probability array, the parent individual can be selected according to the probability.

[0090] In this embodiment, a roulette wheel selection algorithm is used to select multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes. First, selection probabilities are constructed based on the first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme. By calculating the reciprocal of the first fitness and normalizing it, the individual selection probabilities with a sum of 1 are obtained. Next, a cumulative probability array is generated and matched with pre-generated random probabilities. Based on the matching results, multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes that meet the cumulative probabilities are selected. This process ensures that individuals with higher fitness have a greater probability of being selected, thereby retaining high-quality parameter configuration schemes in each round. Through this selection mechanism, the overall fitness of the population can be effectively improved, promoting the transmission and optimization of superior genes, and ultimately achieving the improvement of equalizer performance and the precision of the design.

[0091] In one embodiment, a cross-mutation process is performed on multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes, including: cross-mutating multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to a preset cross-probability to obtain a cross-mutated first equalizer parameter configuration scheme; generating mutation parameters according to a preset mutation probability, and replacing the parameters at preset positions in the cross-mutated first equalizer parameter configuration schemes with the mutation parameters to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

[0092] Among them, the first equalizer parameter configuration scheme after crossover is the configuration scheme corresponding to the chromosome of the crossover individual, and the second equalizer parameter configuration scheme is the configuration scheme corresponding to the chromosome of the mutated individual.

[0093] For example, the crossover operation selects two individuals as parents and generates new offspring by crossing their chromosomes and genes; the algorithm defines the mutation probability and iterates through the chromosomes and genes of the offspring to randomly generate new parameter values ​​according to the crossover probability, replacing the original parameters to complete the gene mutation process.

[0094] In this embodiment, firstly, based on a preset crossover probability, two individuals are randomly selected as parents from multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes, and their chromosomes and genes are crossed to generate a first equalizer parameter configuration scheme after crossover. Next, based on a preset mutation probability, the crossover scheme is mutated, randomly generating mutated parameters and replacing parameters at preset positions, thereby obtaining multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes. The crossover operation promotes the combination of superior genes, enhancing population diversity, while the mutation operation introduces new gene variants, further enriching the possibilities of parameter configuration. Through this combination of crossover and mutation, the parameter space can be effectively explored, improving the adaptability and performance of the equalizer, ensuring its effectiveness and stability in complex signal processing environments, and ultimately achieving a better design goal.

[0095] In one embodiment, the microstrip gain equalizer includes at least one notch filter element, and each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes at least one sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme. A preset crossover probability includes a first crossover probability and a second crossover probability. The first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are cross-referenced according to the preset crossover probability to obtain a cross-referenced first equalizer parameter configuration scheme. This includes: determining each first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from the first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to the first crossover probability; cross-referenced each first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain a cross-referenced first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme; determining each second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme other than the first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from the first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to the second crossover probability; and cross-referenced the cross-referenced first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme with the second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain a cross-referenced first equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0096] Among them, the parameter configuration scheme of each sub-equalizer is used to characterize the parameter configuration of each notch unit, corresponding to different notch units in an equalizer.

[0097] The first crossover probability is the chromosome crossover probability, and the second crossover probability is the gene crossover probability. The settings of the two crossover probabilities can be dynamically adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0098] For example, the crossover operation includes chromosome crossover and gene crossover. We control the crossover process by defining crossover probabilities. The algorithm randomly selects two individuals as parents and assigns the selected parent chromosome to the offspring by traversing the chromosome encoding crossover. In each crossover process, one chromosome in the parent generation will not be selected. In order to achieve diversity, we define gene crossover probabilities and select genes from the unselected chromosome according to these probabilities to crossover into the selected chromosome, thus completing the offspring crossover process.

[0099] In this embodiment, multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are subjected to hierarchical crossover processing by setting a first crossover probability and a second crossover probability to generate a crossover first equalizer parameter configuration scheme. First, according to the first crossover probability, a first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme is selected from each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme for crossover to generate a crossover first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme. Then, according to the second crossover probability, a second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme other than the first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme is selected from each scheme and crossovered with the crossover first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain the final crossover first equalizer parameter configuration scheme. This scheme enhances the diversity and adaptability of parameter configuration through dual crossover operations of chromosomes and genes, enabling more effective exploration of the equalizer design space and improving the performance and flexibility of the notch filter unit.

[0100] In one embodiment, updating the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme for a preset number of rounds to obtain target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for multiple microstrip gain equalizers includes: selecting initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes with a first fitness less than a preset threshold from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; adding the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes with a first fitness less than the preset threshold to the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain the updated target equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

[0101] The initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme refers to the configuration scheme corresponding to the first generation of individuals obtained after initialization, while the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme refers to the configuration scheme of the individuals after the last round of iteration.

[0102] For example, through the principle of elite preservation, after a round of evolution, there are currently parent and offspring populations. The offspring population will not completely replace the parent population, but will replace individuals with poor fitness in the offspring population with individuals with high fitness in the parent population. This allows individuals with high fitness in the parent population to be preserved.

[0103] In this embodiment, the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is iteratively optimized through a preset update cycle to generate multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for microstrip gain equalizers. First, based on the fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, first-generation equalizer parameter configuration schemes with fitness below a preset threshold are selected. Then, these first-generation schemes are added to the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes to form updated target configuration schemes. By implementing an elite retention strategy, it is ensured that parent individuals with higher fitness are preserved during evolution, while offspring individuals replace parent individuals with lower fitness. This method effectively improves the overall fitness of the population, avoids the loss of superior genes, promotes the optimization of equalizer design, and ultimately achieves a microstrip gain equalizer configuration scheme with higher performance and stability.

[0104] In one embodiment, after the step of using the second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer, the method further includes: configuring the microstrip gain equalizer according to the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer; and simulating the configured microstrip gain equalizer to obtain simulation results.

[0105] The simulation process includes, but is not limited to, simulation of the circuit model, simulation of the 3D model, and electromagnetic field simulation. The simulation results are used to characterize the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the configured microstrip gain equalizer. Simulation results show that the equalization parameters designed by the genetic algorithm are basically consistent with those of commercial software, and the return loss is close to that of ADS. Therefore, the equalizer design based on the genetic algorithm is feasible.

[0106] In this embodiment, a microstrip gain equalizer is configured based on extracted parameters, and then subjected to multi-dimensional simulation to obtain detailed simulation results. The simulation process covers circuit model, three-dimensional model, and electromagnetic field simulation, aiming to characterize the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the configured equalizer. This method greatly improves design efficiency by optimizing design parameters, enabling the equalizer performance to be consistent in theory and practical application, thereby enhancing the practicality and market competitiveness of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0107] In another embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer is provided, including the following steps:

[0108] S201, Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme for the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0109] S202, determine the bus length of the notch filter element based on the line length of each microstrip line in the notch filter element.

[0110] S203, determine the transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch filter element based on the linewidth of each microstrip line in the notch filter element.

[0111] S204. Based on the impedance calculation rules corresponding to the unit type number of the notch filter unit, and according to the resistance value of the notch filter unit, the bus length of the notch filter unit, and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line corresponding to the notch filter unit, the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer is obtained.

[0112] S205 calculates the scattering parameters of the scattering matrix corresponding to the notch filter element in each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the input impedance.

[0113] S206, based on the scattering parameters, calculates the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer.

[0114] S207. Based on the target frequency to be calculated, the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency, and the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer, the fitness corresponding to each target frequency is obtained.

[0115] S208, based on the fitness corresponding to each target frequency point, obtain the fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, so as to obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0116] S209, based on the first fitness, update the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, and determine the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer according to the second fitness corresponding to the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0117] It should be noted that the specific limitations of the above steps can be found in the above description of the specific limitations of a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer, and will not be repeated here.

[0118] Some passive devices in microwave systems, such as power dividers, isolators, couplers, and filters, have relatively complete theoretical foundations and calculation methods. However, equalizers are special devices designed for different specifications and environments, making them difficult to design using general theoretical and calculation methods.

[0119] This unique characteristic necessitates that each equalizer design be tailored to specific needs; few equalizers can satisfy the requirements of multiple working environments. Therefore, the adjustability and adaptability of equalizers have become a key objective and direction in this field. Choosing an equalizer based on a microstrip structure offers advantages such as miniaturization, structural simplicity, and ease of integration. Furthermore, researching automated equalizer design methods can compensate for theoretical shortcomings.

[0120] Based on this, embodiments of this application provide a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer, also known as a design method for a microstrip gain equalizer based on a genetic algorithm. The microstrip equalizer relates to the field of microwave passive circuit technology, specifically a technical method for designing a microstrip gain equalizer using a genetic algorithm. The following references... Figures 3 to 8 This paper describes in detail a method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer using a specific embodiment. It is important to understand that the following description is merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0121] The parameter determination method for a microstrip gain equalizer provided in this application allows for four types of notch filter units in the designed microstrip gain equalizer circuit: open-circuit microstrip line, series microstrip line, open-circuit microstrip line with series resistance, and a type composed of series resistance, open-circuit microstrip line, and series microstrip line. Furthermore, a microstrip equivalent circuit simulation program is provided to calculate the transmission characteristics of the automatically initialized cascaded microstrip line structure. By changing the microstrip line length, linewidth, and resistance value, new transmission characteristic calculations are performed to optimize the structure and find results that meet the design requirements.

[0122] The parameter determination method for microstrip gain equalizers provided in this application can automatically design an equalizer circuit that meets the requirements by selecting a specific circuit structure and target equalization curve based on the equalization needs of the required RF link. Specifically, this can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0123] Genetic algorithms, drawing inspiration from evolutionary theory of natural selection, simulate a biological evolutionary process to solve a problem. Through operations such as replication, crossover, and mutation, they generate the next generation of solutions, gradually eliminating solutions with poor fitness (large fitness function values) and adding solutions with better fitness (smaller fitness function values). After N generations of evolution, the solution with the best fitness is obtained. Based on the design process of genetic algorithms and the characteristics of equalizers, the evolutionary process of equalizers is described as follows: Figure 3 As shown. It should be noted that the smaller the fitness function value of this application, the better the individual's fitness; conversely, the larger the fitness function value of this application, the worse the individual's fitness.

[0124] The parameter determination method for the microstrip gain equalizer provided in this application may include the following steps:

[0125] Step 1: Based on the encoding method of the genetic algorithm and the composition of the equalizer, construct the required population, individuals, chromosomes, and genetic factors.

[0126] In equalizer design, an equalizer can be viewed as an individual in a population, and the cascaded notch filter units can be considered as chromosomes of that individual. The linewidth, linelength, and series resistance of the microstrip lines within the cascaded notch filter units can be considered as genetic factors. Equalizer design can be achieved by cascading multiple notch filters. The transfer matrix of the notch filter network is:

[0127] =

[0128] in:

[0129]

[0130] From the transformation relationship between the transition matrix and the scattering matrix, we can obtain:

[0131] =

[0132] Thus, the circuit's and :

[0133]

[0134]

[0135] Therefore, the insertion loss of the entire notch filter element can be obtained:

[0136]

[0137] In design requirements, equalizers typically employ cascaded notch filter units to achieve wide bandwidth and low VSWR. The ABCD matrix of the cascaded network is as follows:

[0138]

[0139] The insertion loss and return loss of the entire notch filter element can be derived using transmission line theory and microwave network theory.

[0140] Therefore, several chromosomes can be defined in the notch unit of the equalizer, and individuals in the population will be expressed using these four chromosomes. Individuals in the population can be expressed through the following gene encoding method:

[0141]

[0142] According to transmission line theory, the input impedance of a transmission line with an ideal short-circuited or open-circuited termination is:

[0143] (Short circuit)

[0144] (open circuit)

[0145] In the formula The characteristic impedance of the transmission line. Let be the propagation constant. Let be the length of the transmission line. From the formula, we can see that the input impedance of an open-circuit or short-circuit transmission line is a purely imaginary number, and it exhibits capacitive, inductive, series resonant, and parallel resonant characteristics as the length changes. Meanwhile, the input impedance of a resistor connected in series on a short microstrip line is:

[0146]

[0147] This allows the RLC resonant network to function.

[0148] Therefore, the scattering parameters can be calculated based on the input impedance of each spur, including S11 (reflection coefficient, input of port 1), S22 (reflection coefficient, input of port 2), S12 (transmission coefficient, from port 2 to port 1), and S21 (transmission coefficient, from port 1 to port 2).

[0149] Step 2: Calculate the fitness function value of the population.

[0150] This requires evaluating the fitness value of each individual in the population, and selecting individuals based on their fitness levels, which can be understood as the process of natural selection.

[0151] In equalizers, insertion loss and return loss need to be considered; therefore, the fitness evaluation function is defined as follows:

[0152]

[0153] In the formula To calculate the insertion loss at each frequency point, The expected insertion loss for each frequency point, To input the standing wave ratio, The output VSWR is calculated using f. The cumulative error at each frequency point of the equalizer network can be obtained by calculating f. A smaller cumulative error indicates closer proximity to the design target, a smaller fitness function value, and a higher degree of adaptation; conversely, a larger cumulative error indicates greater deviation from the design target, a larger fitness function value, and a lower degree of adaptation.

[0154] Step 3: Select - Roulette

[0155] In nature, individuals with higher adaptability are more likely to survive. Therefore, we need to use a roulette wheel selection method, where individuals with higher adaptability have a higher probability of being selected.

[0156] The roulette wheel selection algorithm requires calculating the selection probability of each individual based on fitness. Since a smaller value of f in the fitness function indicates a higher fitness level for an individual, this application obtains the probability by summing the inverse of the population fitness. Then, by normalizing F using the reciprocal of the fitness value, we can obtain the individual selection probability with a total sum of 1.

[0157] Based on the principle of the roulette wheel algorithm, a cumulative probability array is obtained from the selection probability array, and then a random probability array is generated. By comparing the random probability array with the cumulative probability array, the parent individual can be selected according to probability.

[0158] Step 4: Cross

[0159] Crossover is an operation that selects two individuals as parents and generates new offspring by crossing their chromosomes and genes. Crossover involves both chromosome and gene crossover. We control the crossover process by defining crossover probabilities. The algorithm randomly selects two individuals as parents and assigns the selected parent chromosome to the offspring by traversing the chromosome encoding. Therefore, the chromosome crossover probability is 0.5. In each crossover process, one chromosome from the parent generation will not be selected. To achieve diversity, a gene crossover probability is defined, and genes are selected from the unselected chromosome according to this probability and crossed into the selected chromosome, completing the offspring crossover process.

[0160] Step 5: Mutation

[0161] The algorithm defines a mutation probability and iterates through the chromosomes and genes of the offspring. New parameter values ​​are randomly generated according to the crossover probability to replace the original parameters and complete the gene mutation process.

[0162] Step 6: Elite Retention

[0163] The purpose of elite preservation is that after a round of evolution, there are currently parent and offspring populations. The offspring population will not completely replace the parent population, but will replace the less adapted individuals in the offspring population with the more adapted individuals in the parent population. This allows the more adapted individuals in the parent population to be preserved.

[0164] Step 7: Population Migration

[0165] In genetic algorithms, a single population often gets stuck in local optima. By setting up multiple populations and allowing them to evolve independently, local optima can be avoided. During the evolution of multiple populations, individual migration between populations is carried out at certain generation intervals, which can introduce genetic diversity. In the equalizer algorithm, we select the best individual from each population and migrate it according to the migration probability.

[0166] Through iterative genetic algorithm analysis, the parameters of each branch that are closest to the target equilibrium curve can be directly optimized.

[0167] During the fitness calculation process, it is necessary to solve the target to limit the range of frequency points, ensure the rationality of the initial parameters, and solve within the target to ensure the usability of the equalizer.

[0168] For example, if the goal is to achieve a positive slope amplitude-frequency response equalization of [-6, -2] dB in the 0.6-4 GHz frequency range, the algorithm parameters are set as shown in the table below:

[0169]

[0170] The convergence precision of 0.2 means that when the fitness function value is less than 0.2 or when N iterations have been reached, the iteration stops, and the individual with the smallest fitness function value is selected from the last batch of individuals as the optimal individual.

[0171] In addition, when using the fitness function to calculate fitness, it is not only necessary to calculate the endpoints of the 0.6-4GHz frequency range, but also to set the calculation density. For example, the frequency range can be divided, the fitness of 100 frequency points can be calculated, and then the final fitness can be obtained by weighted summation.

[0172] In one embodiment, the optimization results obtained after iteration are shown in the table below:

[0173]

[0174] In ADS (Advanced Design System), create the corresponding circuit model as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the corresponding 3D model is created in HFSS (High-Frequency Structure Simulator) as follows. Figure 5 As shown, the simulations of genetic algorithms, ADS, HFSS, and CST (CST Studio Suite) are compared. Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown. ADS is an electronic design automation software primarily used for the design and simulation of radio frequency (RF) and microwave circuits, commonly used in RF circuits, antenna design, and signal integrity analysis. HFSS is an electromagnetic field simulation software specifically designed for electromagnetic simulation of high-frequency structures, widely used in antenna design, filters, waveguides, and other high-frequency circuit electromagnetic simulation. CST is an electromagnetic field simulation software that provides a variety of electromagnetic simulation tools.

[0175] Through the Figure 6 , Figure 7 and Figure 8 Analysis shows that, under the verification of 2.5D and 3D commercial simulation software, the equalization parameters designed by the genetic algorithm are basically consistent with those of the commercial software, and the return loss is close to that of ADS. Therefore, the equalizer design based on the genetic algorithm is feasible.

[0176] The advantage of the parameter determination method for the microstrip gain equalizer provided in this application is that:

[0177] (1) Design based on genetic algorithm can select the best individual and avoid repeated debugging and simulation work; (2) After obtaining the best individual by numerical calculation using Matlab, field simulation is performed instead of directly performing field simulation, which significantly improves efficiency and can obtain the optimal structural parameters in a very short time; (3) The operation is simple and the design value does not require expertise in design theory. Only the required equalizer target parameters need to be provided, and the optimal parameters can be obtained quickly through program calculation; (4) It is applicable to the design of various equalizers and is not limited to the individuals defined in this design. As long as the individual and chromosome definitions are changed, other forms of equalizers can be obtained in the fastest time.

[0178] It should be understood that although the steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above are shown sequentially according to the arrows, these steps are not necessarily executed in the order indicated by the arrows. Unless explicitly stated herein, there is no strict order restriction on the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders. Moreover, at least some steps in the flowcharts of the embodiments described above may include multiple steps or multiple stages. These steps or stages are not necessarily completed at the same time, but can be executed at different times. The execution order of these steps or stages is not necessarily sequential, but can be performed alternately or in turn with other steps or at least some of the steps or stages of other steps.

[0179] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer used to implement the parameter determination method for the microstrip gain equalizer described above. The solution provided by this device is similar to the solution described in the above method. Therefore, the specific limitations in one or more embodiments of the parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer provided below can be found in the limitations of the parameter determination method for the microstrip gain equalizer described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0180] In one embodiment, such as Figure 9 As shown, a parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer is provided, comprising: a first fitness calculation module 901, a target equalizer parameter configuration scheme determination module 902, a second fitness calculation module 903, and an equalizer configuration parameter determination module 904, wherein:

[0181] The first fitness calculation module 901 is used to obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0182] The target equalizer parameter configuration scheme determination module 902 is used to update the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes for a preset number of rounds based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, so as to obtain the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for multiple microstrip gain equalizers.

[0183] The second fitness calculation module 903 is used to obtain the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the second equalizer configuration parameters contained in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0184] The equalizer configuration parameter determination module 904 is used to take the second equalizer configuration parameters contained in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer.

[0185] In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to: obtain the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on each first equalizer configuration parameter; the initial microstrip gain equalizer is a gain equalizer that can be obtained by implementing the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; calculate the scattering parameters of the scattering matrix corresponding to the notch filter element in each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the input impedance; calculate the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the scattering parameters; and calculate the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point.

[0186] In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to: obtain a target frequency to be calculated and an expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency; obtain the fitness corresponding to each target frequency based on the target frequency to be calculated, the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency, the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer; and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the fitness corresponding to each target frequency.

[0187] In one embodiment, the apparatus is used to: obtain the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer according to the configuration parameters of each first equalizer, including: determining the bus length of the notch unit according to the line length of each microstrip line in the notch unit; determining the transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch unit according to the line width of each microstrip line in the notch unit; and obtaining the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer according to the impedance calculation rules corresponding to the unit type number of the notch unit, the resistance value of the notch unit, the bus length of the notch unit, and the transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch unit.

[0188] In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to: select multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; perform cross-mutation processing on the multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes; obtain the current update round, and if the current update round is less than a preset update round, use the second equalizer parameter configuration scheme as the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme for the next update round, until the current update round reaches the preset update round, and use the multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes as multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

[0189] In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to: construct selection probabilities corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; the selection probabilities are negatively correlated with the fitness; convert each selection probability to obtain the cumulative probability corresponding to each selection probability; obtain a pre-generated random probability, and match the random probability with the cumulative probability to obtain multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes that conform to the cumulative probability.

[0190] In one embodiment, the apparatus is used to: cross multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to a preset crossover probability to obtain a crossover first equalizer parameter configuration scheme; generate mutation parameters according to a preset mutation probability, and replace the parameters at preset positions in the crossover first equalizer parameter configuration scheme with the mutation parameters to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

[0191] In one embodiment, the apparatus is configured to: use a preset crossover probability including a first crossover probability and a second crossover probability to cross multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to the preset crossover probability to obtain a cross-crossed first equalizer parameter configuration scheme, including: determining each first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme according to the first crossover probability; crossing each first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain a cross-crossed first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme; determining each second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme other than the first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme according to the second crossover probability; and crossing the cross-crossed first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme with the second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain a cross-crossed first equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0192] In one embodiment, the device is configured to: select initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes with a first fitness less than a preset threshold from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; add the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes with a first fitness less than the preset threshold to the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain the updated target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

[0193] In one embodiment, the apparatus is used to: configure a microstrip gain equalizer according to the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer; simulate the configured microstrip gain equalizer to obtain simulation results; and use the simulation results to characterize the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the configured microstrip gain equalizer.

[0194] The various modules in the parameter determination device for the aforementioned microstrip gain equalizer can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of a computer device in hardware form or independent of it, or stored in the memory of a computer device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0195] In one embodiment, a computer device is provided, which may be a terminal, and its internal structure diagram may be as follows: Figure 10 As shown, the computer device includes a processor, memory, input / output interface, communication interface, display unit, and input device. The processor, memory, and input / output interface are connected via a system bus, and the communication interface, display unit, and input device are also connected to the system bus via the input / output interface. The processor provides computational and control capabilities. The memory includes a non-volatile storage medium and internal memory. The non-volatile storage medium stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage medium. The input / output interface is used for exchanging information between the processor and external devices. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, mobile cellular networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. When executed by the processor, the computer program implements a parameter determination method for a microstrip gain equalizer.

[0196] Those skilled in the art will understand that Figure 10 The structure shown is merely a block diagram of a portion of the structure related to the present application and does not constitute a limitation on the computer device to which the present application is applied. Specific computer devices may include more or fewer components than those shown in the figure, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0197] In one embodiment, a computer device includes a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0198] In one embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is provided having a computer program stored thereon that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0199] In one embodiment, a computer program product is provided, including a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps in the above method embodiments.

[0200] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments described above. Any references to memory, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetic random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM can take many forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM). The databases involved in the embodiments provided in this application may include at least one type of relational database and non-relational database. Non-relational databases may include, but are not limited to, blockchain-based distributed databases. The processors involved in the embodiments provided in this application may be general-purpose processors, central processing units, graphics processing units, digital signal processors, programmable logic devices, quantum computing-based data processing logic devices, etc., and are not limited to these.

[0201] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0202] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of this application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the parameters of a microstrip gain equalizer, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer, and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme. Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds to obtain multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers. Based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme, the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained; The second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness are used as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer. The step of obtaining the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters included in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes: The input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer is obtained based on the configuration parameters of each of the first equalizers; the initial microstrip gain equalizer is the gain equalizer that can be obtained by implementing the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme. The scattering parameters of the scattering matrix corresponding to the notch element in each of the initial microstrip gain equalizers are calculated based on the input impedance. The insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer are calculated based on the scattering parameters. The first fitness of each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is calculated based on the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The calculation of the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point includes: Obtain the target frequency point to be calculated, and the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency point; Based on the target frequency to be calculated, the expected value of the insertion loss corresponding to the target frequency, and the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer, the fitness corresponding to each target frequency is obtained. Based on the fitness corresponding to each target frequency point, the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme is obtained.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first equalizer configuration parameters include the cell type number of the notch unit, the resistance value of the notch unit, and the line length and line width of each microstrip line in the notch unit; The step of obtaining the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer based on the configuration parameters of each of the first equalizers includes: The bus length of the notch filter unit is determined based on the line length of each microstrip line in the notch filter unit. The transmission line characteristic impedance corresponding to the notch filter element is determined based on the linewidth of each microstrip line in the notch filter element. According to the impedance calculation rules corresponding to the unit type number of the notch unit, the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer is obtained based on the resistance value of the notch unit, the bus length of the notch unit, and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line corresponding to the notch unit.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes are updated in a preset number of rounds based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, resulting in multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizers, including: Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are selected from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes; The multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are subjected to cross-mutation processing to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes. Obtain the current update round. If the current update round is less than the preset update round, use the second equalizer parameter configuration scheme as the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme for the next update round until the current update round reaches the preset update round. Then, use multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes as multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The step of selecting multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes includes: Based on the first fitness corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes, a selection probability corresponding to each of the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes is constructed; the selection probability is negatively correlated with the fitness. The selected probabilities are converted to obtain the cumulative probabilities corresponding to each selected probability; Obtain the pre-generated random probability, and match the random probability with the cumulative probability to obtain the multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes that conform to the cumulative probability.

6. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The process of performing cross-mutation on the multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain multiple second equalizer parameter configuration schemes includes: The multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes are cross-referenced according to a preset cross-reference probability to obtain the cross-referenced first equalizer parameter configuration scheme. Based on the preset mutation probability, mutation parameters are generated, and the mutation parameters are used to replace the parameters at preset positions in the first equalizer parameter configuration scheme after the crossover, to obtain the plurality of second equalizer parameter configuration schemes.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The microstrip gain equalizer includes at least one notch filter element, and each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes at least one sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme; each sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme is used to characterize the parameter configuration of each notch filter element. The preset crossover probability includes a first crossover probability and a second crossover probability. The step of cross-referencing the multiple first equalizer parameter configuration schemes according to the preset crossover probability to obtain the cross-referencing first equalizer parameter configuration scheme includes: Based on the first cross probability, determine each first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from each first equalizer parameter configuration scheme, and cross the first sub-equalizer parameter configuration schemes to obtain the cross-formed first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme. Based on the second cross probability, determine each second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme other than the first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme from each of the first equalizer parameter configuration schemes; The first sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme after crossover is crossovered with the second sub-equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain the first equalizer parameter configuration scheme after crossover.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of updating the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme in a preset number of rounds yields multiple target equalizer parameter configuration schemes for the microstrip gain equalizer, including: Based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, a first-generation equalizer parameter configuration scheme with a first fitness less than a preset threshold is selected from the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes. The initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme with a first fitness value less than a preset threshold is added to the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme to obtain the updated target equalizer parameter configuration scheme.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After the step of using the second equalizer configuration parameters included in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the smallest second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer, the method further includes: Configure the microstrip gain equalizer according to the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer; The configured microstrip gain equalizer is simulated to obtain simulation results; the simulation results are used to characterize the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the configured microstrip gain equalizer.

10. A parameter determination device for a microstrip gain equalizer, characterized in that, The device includes: The first fitness calculation module is used to obtain the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme of the microstrip gain equalizer and obtain the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the first equalizer configuration parameters contained in the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme. The target equalizer parameter configuration scheme determination module is used to update the initial equalizer parameter configuration schemes for a preset number of rounds based on the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme, so as to obtain the target equalizer parameter configuration schemes of multiple microstrip gain equalizers. The second fitness calculation module is used to obtain the second fitness corresponding to each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme based on the second equalizer configuration parameters included in each target equalizer parameter configuration scheme. The equalizer configuration parameter determination module is used to take each of the second equalizer configuration parameters contained in the target equalizer parameter configuration scheme corresponding to the minimum second fitness as the equalizer configuration parameters of the microstrip gain equalizer. The device is further configured to obtain the input impedance of each initial microstrip gain equalizer according to the configuration parameters of each of the first equalizers; the initial microstrip gain equalizer is a gain equalizer that can be obtained by implementing the initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme; calculate the scattering parameters of the scattering matrix corresponding to the notch unit in each of the initial microstrip gain equalizers according to the input impedance; calculate the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point associated with the initial microstrip gain equalizer according to the scattering parameters; and calculate the first fitness corresponding to each initial equalizer parameter configuration scheme according to the insertion loss and VSWR corresponding to each frequency point.

11. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, characterized in that, When the processor executes the computer program, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

13. A computer program product, comprising a computer program, characterized in that, When the computer program is executed by a processor, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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