Cost-benefit analysis method for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roof and application of cost-benefit analysis method

Abstract

The invention provides a cost-benefit analysis method for realizing building roof modular greening carbon reduction and application thereof. The method comprises the steps of defining a reference scheme, and calculating carbon reduction technology increment cost of building roof modular greening on the basis of the reference scheme; building a building roof greening modular carbon reduction technology life cycle increment cost accounting model; building a building roof greening modularization carbon reduction benefit accounting model, wherein the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the building roof greening modularization by applying the carbon reduction technology to reduce the carbon emission in the whole life cycle; the benefit-cost ratio is used as an evaluation index of the economic degree of the green carbon reduction technology, and the evaluation index is shown as follows: the carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / increment cost; and when the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, the current scheme is acceptable and the economy is optimal. The innovative method not only considers the carbon reduction effect, but also considers the economic feasibility of the project, and further promotes low-carbon transformation and sustainable development in the building field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of construction engineering and environmental protection, and in particular to a cost-benefit analysis method for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs and an application thereof. Background Art

[0002] As global climate change becomes increasingly serious, carbon reduction has become an important strategic goal for countries to address climate change. As an important source of carbon emissions, it is crucial to reduce carbon emissions during operation and maintenance in the construction sector. As an effective building carbon reduction technology, roof greening has the advantages of absorbing carbon dioxide, regulating temperature, and improving the urban heat island effect, and has attracted much attention.

[0003] Modular roof greening is an emerging technology that modularizes and standardizes greening and applies it to building roofs. Compared with traditional roof greening, it has the advantages of quick installation, simple maintenance, and easy management. At present, related research mainly focuses on modular design and technology development, ecological benefits and environmental impacts, economic and sustainability analysis, carbon reduction benefits and climate change adaptability.

[0004] In terms of modular design and technology development, a variety of modular greening systems have been developed. However, while optimizing the functions of greening modules, how to reduce roof loads, enhance structural adaptability and construction convenience still needs further research. In terms of economic and sustainability analysis, although modular greening systems have ecological and environmental advantages, the high initial cost is an obstacle to their promotion and application. It is necessary to reduce costs through policy support, technological innovation and large-scale production to achieve sustainable application. In terms of carbon reduction benefits and climate change adaptability, roof greening can effectively reduce the carbon footprint of buildings and enhance the climate adaptability of buildings, but the specific carbon reduction benefit evaluation method has not yet been unified.

[0005] In addition, although the research on green buildings is relatively in-depth, including the quantification and evaluation of the incremental cost, incremental benefit, and overall economic benefit of the building throughout its life cycle, the relationship between the economic benefit and carbon emission reduction of modular greening of building roofs, as an important part of green building technology, is still unclear, and the initial investment cost is relatively high, and the evaluation standard of long-term carbon reduction benefits is not unified. Therefore, it is urgent to conduct a systematic study on the incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit of modular greening of roofs to promote its widespread application and development. Summary of the invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention provide a cost-benefit analysis method for achieving carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs and its application, in order to address the problems existing in the current technology, such as unclear relationship between the economic benefit and carbon reduction of modular greening of building roofs, high initial investment cost, and no unified long-term carbon reduction benefit evaluation standard. The relevant technology still needs to be improved in terms of reducing roof loads, enhancing structural adaptability and construction convenience, and the promotion and application of modular greening systems is limited by high initial costs.

[0007] The core technology of the present invention is mainly to establish an incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit accounting model for a modular carbon reduction technology system for building roof greening, conduct a comprehensive analysis and quantification of the incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit, so as to evaluate its economy and feasibility in different application scenarios, thereby solving the problems existing in the background technology.

[0008] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cost-benefit analysis method for achieving carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] S00, define the baseline scheme, and calculate the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the baseline scheme;

[0010] S10. Establish a life cycle incremental cost accounting model for modular carbon reduction technology for building roof greening. The incremental cost includes the incremental cost of the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, building operation stage, and building demolition stage.

[0011] S20. Establish a carbon reduction benefit accounting model for modular building roof greening, where the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the modular building roof greening in reducing carbon emissions over the entire life cycle through the application of carbon reduction technology. The calculation formula is: carbon emission reduction × carbon price;

[0012] S30. Use the benefit-cost ratio as an evaluation indicator of the economic degree of green carbon reduction technology, which means: carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / incremental cost;

[0013] S40. When the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, it indicates that the current plan is acceptable and economically optimal; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is less than 1 and greater than 0, it indicates that the current plan will incur additional costs.

[0014] Furthermore, the formula for the incremental cost is:

[0015] ΔC 总成本 =ΔC 生产 +ΔC 运输 +ΔC 施工 +ΔC 运行 +ΔC 拆除

[0016] Where, ΔC 总成本It represents the incremental cost of modularization of building roof greening;

[0017] ΔC 生产 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage;

[0018] ΔC 运输 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material transportation stage;

[0019] ΔC 施工 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the construction phase;

[0020] ΔC 运行 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the building operation phase;

[0021] ΔC 拆除 Represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the building demolition phase.

[0022] Furthermore, the modular carbon reduction benefit accounting model of building roof greening is:

[0023] ΔE 总减碳 =(ΔE 生产 +ΔE 运输 +ΔE 施工 +ΔE 运行 +ΔE 拆除 )×P

[0024] Where, ΔE 总减碳 It represents the full life cycle of carbon reduction benefits of modular green roofing of buildings;

[0025] P represents the trading price of carbon emission rights in the carbon trading market;

[0026] ΔE 生产 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material production stage;

[0027] ΔE 运输 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material transportation stage;

[0028] ΔE 施工 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the construction phase;

[0029] ΔE 运行 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the operation and use phase;

[0030] ΔE 拆除 Represents the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the demolition and maintenance phases.

[0031] Furthermore, in the material production stage, the carbon emissions reduced in the material production stage are △E 生产 =∑(E 材料量 ×E 碳排放因子 );

[0032] In the material transportation stage, the carbon emissions reduced in the material transportation stage △E 运输 =∑(E 材料量 ×E 运输距离 ×E 运输碳排放因子 );

[0033] Among them, E 材料量 Indicates the amount of building materials used; E 碳排放因子 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced per kilogram of material; E 运输距离 Indicates the transportation distance of each material from production to site; E 运输碳排放因子 Represents the carbon emission factor for each mode of transportation.

[0034] Furthermore, during the construction phase, the carbon emissions reduced during the construction phase are △E 施工 =∑(E 设备能耗 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 )+∑(E 施工时间 ×E 设备碳排放因子 );

[0035] In the operation and use phase, the carbon emissions reduced in the operation and use phase △E 运行 =∑(E 设备功率 ×E 使用时长 ×E 设备个数 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 )

[0036] Among them, E 设备功率 Indicates equipment power; E 使用时长 Indicates the usage time of the device; E 设备个数 Indicates the number of devices used; E 能耗碳排放因子 Indicates the carbon emission factor of the equipment’s energy consumption; E 设备能耗 Indicates the energy consumption of mechanical equipment per shift; E 施工时间 Indicates the construction time of the construction machine; E 设备碳排放因子 Represents the carbon emission factor of construction machinery and equipment.

[0037] Furthermore, in the maintenance and demolition phase, the carbon emissions reduced during the demolition and maintenance phase are △E 拆除 =∑(E 维护活动次数 ×E 每次维护的碳排放量 +E 拆除 -E 回收 )

[0038] Among them, E 维护活动次数 Indicates the number of daily maintenance activities of the green layer; E 每次维护的碳排放量 Represents the carbon emission reduction of each maintenance activity; E 拆除 To reduce carbon emissions from material transportation during the demolition phase; 回收 The carbon emissions reduction from recycling and reuse during the demolition phase.

[0039] Furthermore, the single-module roof greening of the modular greening of the building roof is composed of a plant layer, a planting matrix layer, a drainage layer, and a protective layer of functional materials. The vegetation layer is made of Sedum, the matrix is ​​composed of lightweight materials, the drainage layer is composed of plastic drainage boards, and the protective layer material is composed of anti-root puncture membrane and polyester felt synthetic materials.

[0040] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a cost-benefit analysis device for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs, comprising:

[0041] Define modules, define a baseline solution, and calculate the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the baseline solution;

[0042] The accounting module establishes an incremental cost accounting model for the life cycle of modular carbon reduction technology for building roof greening. The incremental cost includes the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, building operation stage, and building demolition stage. The accounting model for the carbon reduction benefit of modular building roof greening is established, where the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the reduction of carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of modular building roof greening through the application of carbon reduction technology. The calculation formula is: carbon emission reduction × carbon price;

[0043] The evaluation module uses the benefit-cost ratio as the evaluation indicator of the economic degree of green carbon reduction technology, which is expressed as: carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / incremental cost; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, it means that the current plan is acceptable and economically optimal; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is less than 1 and greater than 0, it means that the current plan will incur additional costs.

[0044] In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the above-mentioned cost-benefit analysis method for achieving modular greening and carbon reduction on building roofs.

[0045] In a fourth aspect, the present invention provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program includes a program code for controlling a process to execute a process. The process includes the cost-benefit analysis method for implementing modular greening and carbon reduction on building roofs according to the above-mentioned method.

[0046] The main contributions and innovations of the present invention are as follows:

[0047] 1. A modular carbon reduction technology system for building roof greening with incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit accounting model was established, which can comprehensively analyze and quantify the incremental cost and carbon reduction benefits, and provide a scientific basis for evaluating its economy and feasibility in different application scenarios.

[0048] 2. The relationship between the economic benefits of modular greening of building roofs and carbon emission reduction is clarified. By calculating the economic degree of carbon reduction, the economic feasibility of the technology can be intuitively judged.

[0049] 3. It helps to reduce the initial investment cost of modular greening of building roofs. By analyzing the incremental costs of each stage, the key stages for reducing costs can be found, so that corresponding measures can be taken to reduce costs.

[0050] 4. It provides technical support for low-carbon transformation and sustainable development in the construction field, and promotes the widespread application and development of modular greening of building roofs.

[0051] 5. Compared with traditional non-green roofs, the present invention can save energy and reduce investment in environmental protection for the purpose of green and low-carbon development, making greater contributions to the sustainable development of society.

[0052] 6. The economic feasibility of green buildings in carbon reduction has been verified. From the perspective of return on investment, the carbon reduction benefits are far greater than the incremental costs. Investing in modular greening of building roofs has a higher cost-effectiveness and can obtain long-term benefits.

[0053] The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following drawings and description so that other features, objects, and advantages of the invention are more readily apparent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0054] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0055] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a cost-benefit analysis method for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of carbon emission reduction per unit area during the entire life cycle of modular building roof greening according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of carbon reduction technology increment according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 4 4 is a schematic diagram of the hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] Exemplary embodiments will be described in detail herein, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all implementations consistent with one or more embodiments of this specification. Instead, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of one or more embodiments of this specification as detailed in the appended claims.

[0060] It should be noted that: in other embodiments, the steps of the corresponding method are not necessarily performed in the order shown and described in this specification. In some other embodiments, the steps included in the method may be more or less than those described in this specification. In addition, a single step described in this specification may be decomposed into multiple steps for description in other embodiments; and multiple steps described in this specification may be combined into a single step for description in other embodiments.

[0061] Embodiment 1

[0062] The present invention aims to propose a cost-benefit analysis method for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs. Specifically, referring to Figure 1 , the method comprising:

[0063] 1. Research basic conditions

[0064] The size of the modular green roof is 0.5m x 0.5m. It consists of a plant layer, a planting matrix layer, a drainage layer, and a protective layer of functional materials. The top layer is the vegetation layer, and the drought-tolerant, shallow-rooted, low-maintenance Sedumlineare is selected as the vegetation layer. The matrix is ​​composed of lightweight materials, including peat, perlite, vermiculite, sand, etc., to ensure drainage, air permeability and water retention, while providing the nutrients required for plant growth. The drainage layer is composed of loose drainage materials made of plastic drainage board (high-density polyethylene HDPE) material. The protective layer material is composed of root puncture-proof membrane and polyester felt synthetic materials.

[0065] 2. Research Methods

[0066] 2.1 Life cycle incremental cost accounting model for modular carbon reduction technology of building roof greening

[0067] This paper defines the benchmark scheme as the calculation of the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the benchmark scheme in accordance with or in reference to the technical requirements of mandatory provisions such as national and local standards. The incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for roof greening modules can be generated at all stages of the project. According to the division of the carbon reduction technology calculation boundary, the incremental cost expression is as follows:

[0068] ΔC 总成本 =ΔC生产 +ΔC 运输 +ΔC 施工 +ΔC 运行 +ΔC 拆除

[0069] Where, ΔC 总成本 It represents the incremental cost of modularization of building roof greening, in RMB;

[0070] ΔC 生产 It represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage, in RMB;

[0071] ΔC 运输 It represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material transportation stage, in RMB;

[0072] ΔC 施工 It represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the construction phase, in RMB;

[0073] ΔC 运行 It represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the building operation stage, in RMB;

[0074] ΔC 拆除 It represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the building demolition stage, in Yuan.

[0075] 2.1.1 The cost accounting of modular building roof greening in the material production stage includes the use of low-carbon materials, production process improvements, and green technologies. Recycled materials use recycled plastics or recycled metals as materials for fixing frames or drainage layers. Assuming that the cost of recycled materials is higher than that of virgin materials, the incremental cost is 100 yuan / ton. Production process improvements use more energy-saving production processes, such as using low-energy production technology, with an incremental cost of 10 yuan / square meter. Environmentally friendly coatings or additives use low-VOC (volatile organic compound) coatings or other environmentally friendly additives, with an incremental cost of 3 yuan / square meter.

[0076] 2.1.2 The cost accounting of modular building roof greening in the material transportation stage includes low-carbon transportation methods, optimized transportation routes, efficient loading and transportation, and lightweight packaging materials. Low-carbon transportation methods use electric trucks or hybrid vehicles to transport materials instead of traditional diesel or gasoline vehicles, which will increase transportation costs, with an incremental cost of 1 yuan / kilometer. Optimized transportation routes introduce advanced logistics management systems to optimize transportation routes and times to reduce unnecessary driving and empty loads. Although the system can reduce overall transportation carbon emissions, there will be certain costs for installing and maintaining the system, with an incremental cost of 500 yuan / transport batch. Efficient loading and transportation uses efficient loading equipment or technology to maximize the use of transportation space and reduce the number of transportation times. The incremental cost of increasing the cost of loading equipment is 300 yuan / transport batch. Lightweight packaging materials use lightweight and renewable environmentally friendly packaging materials to reduce packaging weight and thus reduce energy consumption during transportation. The cost of environmentally friendly packaging materials is usually higher than that of traditional materials, with an incremental cost of 5 yuan / square meter.

[0077] 2.1.3 The cost accounting of modular building roof greening in the construction stage includes low-carbon construction equipment and machinery, construction process optimization, construction site energy management, and low-carbon construction technology. Low-carbon construction equipment and machinery use electric equipment such as electric cranes and electric excavators to replace traditional diesel equipment. Although the rental or purchase cost of electric equipment is high, it can significantly reduce carbon emissions. The incremental cost is 500 yuan / unit / day. The use of energy-efficient construction machinery, such as high-efficiency concrete pump trucks, can reduce fuel consumption and emissions, with an incremental cost of 300 yuan / day. Construction process optimization adopts an effective waste management system, sorts and recycles waste at the construction site, and reduces carbon emissions in the waste treatment process. The incremental cost is 8 yuan / square meter. Install an intelligent monitoring system to monitor energy consumption and emissions in the construction process in real time to optimize the construction process and reduce unnecessary energy consumption. The incremental cost is 200 yuan / day. Construction site energy management uses solar power generation equipment or other renewable energy equipment to replace diesel generators, with an incremental cost of 150 yuan / day. The use of energy-efficient LED lighting systems has an incremental cost of 100 yuan per day. The low-carbon construction process adopts modular construction technology, where some structures are prefabricated in the factory and then transported to the site for assembly, reducing on-site construction time and energy consumption, with an incremental cost of 20 yuan per square meter.

[0078] 2.1.4 The cost accounting of modular building roof greening in the operation and use stage includes intelligent irrigation system, energy-saving lighting system, low-carbon maintenance measures, and environmental monitoring and management. The intelligent irrigation system automatically adjusts irrigation according to the water demand of plants and weather conditions to reduce unnecessary waste of water resources. The installation and maintenance costs of this system are higher than those of traditional irrigation systems, with an incremental cost of 4 yuan / m2. The energy-saving lighting system uses solar-powered LED lamps for night lighting to reduce electricity consumption. Although the initial cost of installing solar lamps is high, it can reduce long-term electricity consumption, with an incremental cost of 10 yuan / m2. The intelligent lighting control system is used to automatically adjust the light intensity and time to reduce unnecessary energy consumption, with an incremental cost of 6 yuan / m2. Low-carbon maintenance measures use organic fertilizers and biological control technologies to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which are usually more expensive, with an incremental cost of 5 yuan / m2. The use of electric or manual low-energy equipment (such as electric lawn mowers or hand tools) for daily maintenance instead of traditional high-energy equipment has an incremental cost of 8 yuan / m2. Environmental monitoring: Installing real-time environmental monitoring equipment (such as temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, etc.) and optimizing the management strategy of the greening system, the incremental cost is 15 yuan / m2. Real-time monitoring and management of greening modules through remote control systems can reduce the travel and on-site operation frequency of maintenance personnel, and the incremental cost is 12 yuan / m2.

[0079] 2.1.5 The cost accounting of modular building roof greening in the maintenance and demolition stage includes low-carbon maintenance equipment and tools, environmentally friendly maintenance materials, intelligent maintenance management, carbon reduction measures in the demolition stage, and waste management. Low-carbon maintenance equipment and tools include the use of low-energy maintenance equipment such as electric lawn mowers and electric grass cutting tools to replace traditional fuel equipment. The purchase or rental costs of these equipment are high, and the incremental cost is 300 yuan / unit / time. Renewable energy-driven equipment uses maintenance equipment driven by solar energy or other renewable energy sources, with an incremental cost of 150 yuan / time. Renewable or biodegradable materials use renewable or biodegradable materials (such as environmentally friendly coverings or fiber materials) for greening protection and maintenance, with an incremental cost of 5 yuan / square meter / time. Install an intelligent monitoring system to monitor plant growth and environmental parameters in real time, optimize the maintenance process, and reduce unnecessary resource consumption. The incremental cost of installing and maintaining the system is 500 yuan / time. Remote control and optimized maintenance performs maintenance operations through a remote control system to reduce manual travel and on-site maintenance frequency, with an incremental cost of 8 yuan / square meter / time. On-site waste sorting and treatment uses an on-site waste sorting and treatment system to separate recyclable materials for reuse or recycling, with an incremental cost of RMB 10 / m2.

[0080] 2.2 Modular carbon reduction benefit calculation model for building roof greening

[0081] Carbon reduction benefits refer to the benefits of reducing carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of building roof greening modularization through the application of carbon reduction technology, that is, its economic benefits are "carbon emission reduction × carbon price". The carbon emission reduction and carbon reduction benefit accounting model is as follows:

[0082] ΔE 总减碳 =(ΔE 生产 +ΔE 运输 +ΔE 施工 +ΔE 运行 +ΔE 拆除 )×P

[0083] Where, ΔE 总减碳 It represents the carbon reduction benefits of modular greening of building roofs throughout the entire life cycle, in yuan;

[0084] P represents the transaction price of carbon emission rights in the carbon trading market, RMB / kgCO2. Since the prices of various carbon trading markets are different, the average transaction price of carbon emission trading rights in Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen, RMB 0.04758 / KgCO2, is selected as the pricing of carbon dioxide emission rights in this paper;

[0085] ΔE 生产 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material production stage, in kgCO2;

[0086] ΔE 运输 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material transportation stage, in kgCO2;

[0087] ΔE 施工 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the construction phase, in kgCO2;

[0088] ΔE 运行 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the operation and use phase, in kgCO2;

[0089] ΔE 拆除 It indicates the carbon emission reduction during the demolition and maintenance phase, in kgCO2.

[0090] 2.2.1 In the material production stage, the carbon emissions reduced in the material production stage ΔE 生产 =∑(E 材料量 ×E 碳排放因子 );

[0091] Among them, E 材料量 Indicates the amount of building materials used, kg; E 碳排放因子 Indicates the carbon emission reduction per kilogram of material, kg·kg -1 .

[0092] 2.2.2 Carbon emissions reduction during material transportation ΔE 运输 =∑(E材料量 ×E 运输距离 ×E 运输碳排放因子 );

[0093] Among them, E 运输距离 Indicates the transportation distance of each material from production to site, km; E 运输碳排放因子 represents the carbon emission factor of each mode of transportation, kg·L -1 .

[0094] 2.2.3 Carbon emissions reduction during the construction phase ΔE 施工 =∑(E 设备能耗 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 )+∑(E 施工时间 ×E 设备碳排放因子 );

[0095] Among them, E 能耗碳排放因子 Carbon emission factor representing the energy consumption of the equipment, kg·(kW·h) -1 ; E 设备能耗 Indicates the energy consumption of mechanical equipment per shift, kg·(kW·h) -1 ; E 施工时间 Indicates the construction time of the construction machine, h; E 设备碳排放因子 Indicates the carbon emission factor of construction machinery and equipment, kg·L -1 .

[0096] 2.2.4 Carbon emissions reduction during operation and use phases △E 运行 =∑(E 设备功率 ×E 使用时长 ×E 设备个数 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 )

[0097] Among them, E 设备功率 Indicates equipment power, kW; E 使用时长 Indicates the usage time of the device, h; E 设备个数 Indicates the number of devices used, in pieces.

[0098] 2.2.5 Carbon emissions reduced during the maintenance and demolition phase, demolition and maintenance phase △E 拆除 =

[0099] ∑(E 维护活动次数 ×E 每次维护的碳排放量 +E 拆除 -E 回收 )

[0100] Among them, E 维护活动次数 Indicates the number of daily maintenance activities of the green layer; E 每次维护的碳排放量 Indicates the carbon emission reduction of each maintenance activity, kg·L -1 ; E 拆除To reduce carbon emissions from material transportation during the demolition phase, kg·L -1 ; E 回收 Carbon emissions reduction from recycling during the demolition phase, kg·L -1 .

[0101] 3. Results and Analysis

[0102] 3.1 Incremental costing

[0103] According to the modular carbon reduction system of building roof greening, this project applied a total of 34 carbon reduction technologies throughout the life cycle, with a total incremental cost of 257,300 yuan, with the operation and use stage > construction stage > maintenance and demolition stage > material production stage > material transportation stage. There are 3 carbon reduction technologies in the material production stage (Table 1), among which the cost of low-energy production technology is relatively high (18,000 yuan), the cost of recycled materials is the lowest (120 yuan), and the incremental cost is 23,700 yuan. There are 4 carbon reduction technologies in the material transportation stage (Table 2), among which the cost of environmentally friendly packaging materials is relatively high (9,000 yuan), the cost of electric or hybrid vehicle transportation is the lowest (200 yuan), and the incremental cost is 10,000 yuan. There are 7 carbon reduction technologies in the construction stage (Table 3), among which the cost of modular construction is relatively high (36,000 yuan), the cost of high-efficiency energy-saving lighting system is the lowest (1,000 yuan), and the incremental cost is 62,900 yuan. There are 7 carbon reduction technologies in the operation and use stage (Table 4), among which the cost of environmental monitoring system is relatively high (27,000 yuan), the cost of intelligent drip irrigation system is the lowest (7,200 yuan), and the incremental cost is 108,000 yuan. There are 7 carbon reduction technologies in the maintenance and demolition stage (Table 5), among which the cost of reuse and recycling is relatively high (18,000 yuan), the cost of intelligent monitoring system is the lowest (500 yuan), and the incremental cost is 52,700 yuan.

[0104] Table 1 Cost accounting of material production stage

[0105]

[0106] △C 生产 =120 yuan + 18,000 yuan + 5,400 yuan = 23,700 yuan.

[0107] Table 2 Cost accounting of material transportation stage

[0108]

[0109] △C 运输 =200 yuan + 500 yuan + 300 yuan + 9000 yuan = 10000 yuan.

[0110] Table 3 Cost accounting for the construction phase

[0111]

[0112]

[0113] △C 施工 =5000 yuan + 3000 yuan + 14400 yuan + 2000 yuan + 1500 yuan + 1000 yuan + 36000 yuan = 62900 yuan.

[0114] Table 4 Cost accounting of operation and use stage

[0115]

[0116] △C 运行 =7,200 yuan + 18,000 yuan + 10,800 yuan + 9,000 yuan + 14,400 yuan + 27,000 yuan + 21,600 yuan = 108,000 yuan.

[0117] Table 5 Cost accounting for maintenance and dismantling phase

[0118]

[0119]

[0120] △C 拆除 =1,200 yuan + 600 yuan + 9,000 yuan + 500 yuan + 18,000 yuan + 14,400 yuan + 9,000 yuan = 52,700 yuan.

[0121] 3.2 Carbon reduction benefit accounting

[0122] The modular greening of building roofs can reduce carbon emissions per unit area by 3738.1kgCO2 over the entire life cycle. 2 ,like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the carbon emission ratios of the roof greening modules in each stage are as follows: operation and use stage (1768.5 kgCO 2 )>Construction phase (884.9kgCO 2 )>Maintenance and dismantling phase (518.475kgCO 2 )>Material production stage (317.875kgCO 2 )>Material transportation section (248.35kgCO 2 ). According to the price of carbon emission trading rights in the carbon trading market, it is calculated that the roof greening module reduces carbon emissions by 3738.1kg per square meter during its life cycle. This project reduces a total of 6728580kg. According to the average transaction price of carbon emission trading rights of 0.04758 yuan / KgCO 2 The carbon reduction benefit of the roof greening module over its entire life cycle is 320,145.836 yuan.

[0123] 3.3 Analysis of carbon reduction technology increment and carbon reduction benefits

[0124] The carbon reduction measures adopted will generate an incremental cost of 257,300 yuan, equivalent to an incremental cost of 142 yuan per square meter per unit area. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, by comparing the incremental costs of different stages, it is found that the operation and maintenance stage > construction stage > demolition and maintenance stage > material production stage > material transportation stage, and the carbon emission reduction contribution is 47.31%, 23.67%, 13.87%, 8.5%, and 6.64% respectively. The daily use stage generates the highest proportion of incremental costs, mainly because the enhanced application or additional application of various active carbon reduction technologies enables the building to achieve better energy conservation and emission reduction effects during operation. The incremental cost of the material transportation stage is the lowest, mainly because low-carbon technologies are used less, and the technologies in the transportation stage are mostly extensions and optimizations of existing technologies, resulting in lower incremental costs.

[0125] The ratio of carbon reduction benefits to incremental costs is 1.2442. From the perspective of carbon reduction, the overall benefits of the roof greening module are considerable, and the carbon reduction benefits that can be generated during the entire life cycle are sufficient to cover the incremental costs generated by carbon reduction technology. In summary, after the application of carbon reduction technology, sufficient carbon reduction benefits can be obtained, the carbon reduction benefits are obvious, and it is economically feasible. At the same time, compared with traditional non-green roofs, the roof greening module can save energy and reduce environmental protection investment for green and low-carbon purposes during its entire life cycle, making a huge contribution to the sustainable development of society.

[0126] 4. Application and Conclusion

[0127] The present invention is applied to the actual roof greening building based on the incremental cost method of carbon reduction technology: Huahui finishing workshop building, with four floors, the first floor is 5.4 meters high, and the other floors are 4.5 meters high. The planned area of ​​modularized roof greening is 1,800 square meters.

[0128] In order to better reduce carbon emissions and implement the national policy requirements on carbon emission calculation, this paper conducts a quantitative study on the carbon reduction function of building roof greening modules. The research results and conclusions are mainly in the following aspects:

[0129] 4.1 According to the incremental cost accounting, the modular carbon reduction system of roof greening has applied a total of 34 carbon reduction technologies in its entire life cycle, with a total additional cost of 257,300 yuan, equivalent to an increase of 142 yuan / m2 per unit area. Operation and use stage > construction stage > maintenance and demolition stage > material production stage > material transportation stage. The incremental cost of carbon reduction technology in the operation and use stage is the highest, and the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology in the construction stage is the second, so the key stages for reducing the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology are the operation and use stage and the construction stage.

[0130] 4.2 According to the carbon reduction benefit accounting, the modularization of building roof greening reduces carbon emissions per unit area by 3738.1kg during the entire life cycle, and the order of carbon emission reduction is as follows: operation and use stage (1768.5kg) > construction stage (884.9kg) > maintenance and demolition stage (518.475kg) > material production stage (317.875kg) > material transportation stage (248.35kg).

[0131] 4.3 According to the carbon reduction economic evaluation, the ratio of carbon reduction benefits to incremental costs is 1.2442. From the perspective of carbon reduction, the overall benefits of the roof greening module are considerable, and the carbon reduction benefits that can be generated over the entire life cycle are sufficient to cover the incremental costs generated by carbon reduction technology.

[0132] 4.4 Compared with traditional non-green roofs, modular greening of building roofs can save energy and reduce investment in environmental protection for green and low-carbon purposes throughout its entire life cycle, making a huge contribution to the sustainable development of society.

[0133] The present invention establishes an accounting model for the incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit of carbon reduction technology, quantifies the incremental cost and carbon reduction benefit of modular greening of building roofs, and systematically evaluates its carbon reduction economic efficiency. The results verify the economic feasibility of green buildings in carbon reduction. From the perspective of return on investment, the carbon reduction benefits that can be obtained are far greater than the incremental cost. Compared with traditional building roofs, investing in modular greening of building roofs has a higher cost-effectiveness and can obtain long-term benefits.

[0134] Embodiment 2

[0135] Based on the same concept, the present invention also proposes a cost-benefit analysis device for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs, comprising:

[0136] Define modules, define a baseline solution, and calculate the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the baseline solution;

[0137] The accounting module establishes an incremental cost accounting model for the life cycle of modular carbon reduction technology for building roof greening. The incremental cost includes the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, building operation stage, and building demolition stage. The accounting model for the carbon reduction benefit of modular building roof greening is established, where the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the reduction of carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of modular building roof greening through the application of carbon reduction technology. The calculation formula is: carbon emission reduction × carbon price;

[0138] The evaluation module uses the benefit-cost ratio as the evaluation indicator of the economic degree of green carbon reduction technology, which is expressed as: carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / incremental cost; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, it means that the current plan is acceptable and economically optimal; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is less than 1 and greater than 0, it means that the current plan will incur additional costs.

[0139] Embodiment 3

[0140] This embodiment also provides an electronic device, referring to Figure 2 , comprises a memory 404 and a processor 402, wherein the memory 404 stores a computer program, and the processor 402 is configured to run the computer program to execute the steps in any of the above method embodiments.

[0141] Specifically, the processor 402 may include a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or may be configured to implement one or more integrated circuits of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0142] Among them, the memory 404 may include a large capacity memory 404 for data or instructions. For example, but not limitation, the memory 404 may include a hard disk drive (HDD), a floppy disk drive, a solid state drive (SSD), a flash memory, an optical disk, a magneto-optical disk, a magnetic tape, or a universal serial bus (USB) drive or a combination of two or more of these. In appropriate cases, the memory 404 may include a removable or non-removable (or fixed) medium. In appropriate cases, the memory 404 may be inside or outside the data processing device. In a specific embodiment, the memory 404 is a non-volatile memory. In a specific embodiment, the memory 404 includes a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM). Where appropriate, the ROM may be a mask-programmed ROM, a programmable ROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory, PROM for short), an erasable PROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EPROM for short), an electrically erasable PROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM for short), an electrically alterable ROM (Electrically Alterable Read-Only Memory, EAROM for short) or a flash memory (FLASH) or a combination of two or more of these. Under appropriate circumstances, the RAM can be a static random access memory (Static Random-Access Memory, abbreviated as SRAM) or a dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory, abbreviated as DRAM), wherein the DRAM can be a fast page mode dynamic random access memory 404 (Fast Page Mode Dynamic Random Access Memory, abbreviated as FPMDRAM), an extended data output dynamic random access memory (Extended Date Out Dynamic Random Access Memory, abbreviated as EDODRAM), a synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory, abbreviated as SDRAM), etc.

[0143] The memory 404 may be used to store or cache various data files required for processing and / or communication, as well as possible computer program instructions executed by the processor 402 .

[0144] The processor 402 reads and executes the computer program instructions stored in the memory 404 to implement any of the cost-benefit analysis methods for achieving carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs in the above embodiments.

[0145] Optionally, the electronic device may further include a transmission device 406 and an input / output device 408 , wherein the transmission device 406 is connected to the processor 402 , and the input / output device 408 is connected to the processor 402 .

[0146] The transmission device 406 can be used to receive or send data via a network. The specific examples of the above-mentioned network may include a wired or wireless network provided by a communication provider of the electronic device. In one example, the transmission device includes a network adapter (Network Interface Controller, referred to as NIC), which can be connected to other network devices through a base station so as to communicate with the Internet. In one example, the transmission device 406 can be a radio frequency (Radio Frequency, referred to as RF) module, which is used to communicate with the Internet wirelessly.

[0147] Input / output devices 408 are used to input or output information.

[0148] Embodiment 4

[0149] This embodiment also provides a readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program includes a program code for controlling a process to execute a process. The process includes a cost-benefit analysis method for implementing modular greening and carbon reduction on building roofs according to embodiment one.

[0150] It should be noted that the specific examples in this embodiment can refer to the examples described in the above embodiments and optional implementation modes, and this embodiment will not be described in detail here.

[0151] In general, various embodiments may be implemented in hardware or dedicated circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the invention may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, but the invention is not limited thereto. Although various aspects of the invention may be shown and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other graphical representation, it should be understood that, as non-limiting examples, the boxes, devices, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, dedicated circuits or logic, general-purpose hardware or controllers or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0152] Embodiments of the present invention may be implemented by computer software that is executable by a data processor of a mobile device, such as in a processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or programs (also referred to as program products) including software routines, applets and / or macros may be stored in any device-readable data storage medium, and they include program instructions for performing specific tasks. A computer program product may include one or more computer executable components configured to perform an embodiment when the program is run. One or more computer executable components may be at least one software code or a portion thereof. In addition, at this point, it should be noted that, for example, Figure 1 Any block of the logic flow in the program may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions. The software may be stored on physical media such as memory chips or storage blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as, for example, DVDs and their data variants, CDs, etc. Physical media are non-transitory media.

[0153] Those skilled in the art should understand that the technical features of the above embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0154] The above embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but they cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S00, define the baseline scheme, and calculate the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the baseline scheme; S10. Establish a life cycle incremental cost accounting model for modular carbon reduction technology for building roof greening, where the incremental cost includes the incremental cost of the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, building operation stage, and building demolition stage; S20. Establish a carbon reduction benefit accounting model for modular building roof greening, where the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the modular building roof greening in reducing carbon emissions over the entire life cycle through the application of carbon reduction technology. The calculation formula is: carbon emission reduction × carbon price; S30. Use the benefit-cost ratio as an evaluation indicator of the economic degree of green carbon reduction technology, which means: carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / incremental cost; S40. When the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, it indicates that the current plan is acceptable and economically optimal; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is less than 1 and greater than 0, it indicates that the current plan will incur additional costs.

2. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The formula for the incremental cost is: ΔC 总成本 =ΔC 生产 +ΔC 运输 +ΔC 施工 +ΔC 运行 +ΔC 拆除 Among them, △C 总成本 It represents the incremental cost of modularization of building roof greening; △C 生产 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage; △C 运输 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material transportation stage; △C 施工 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the construction phase; △C 运行 Indicates the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the building operation phase; △C 拆除 Represents the incremental cost of the accounting scope during the building demolition phase.

3. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The modular carbon reduction benefit calculation model of building roof greening is as follows: ΔE 总减碳 =(ΔE 生产 +ΔE 运输 +ΔE 施工 +ΔE 运行 +ΔE 拆除 )×P Among them, △E 总减碳 It represents the full life cycle of carbon reduction benefits of modular green roofing of buildings; P represents the trading price of carbon emission rights in the carbon trading market; △E 生产 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material production stage; △E 运输 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the material transportation stage; △E 施工 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the construction phase; △E 运行 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the operation and use phase; △E 拆除 Represents the amount of carbon emissions reduced during the demolition and maintenance phases.

4. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: In the material production stage, the carbon emissions reduced in the material production stage △E 生产 =∑(E 材料量 ×E 碳排放因子 ); In the material transportation stage, the carbon emissions reduced in the material transportation stage △E 运输 =∑(E 材料量 ×E 运输距离 ×E 运输碳排放因子 ); Among them, E 材料量 Indicates the amount of building materials used; E 碳排放因子 Indicates the amount of carbon emissions reduced per kilogram of material; E 运输距离 Indicates the transportation distance of each material from production to site; E 运输碳排放因子 Represents the carbon emission factor for each mode of transportation.

5. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: During the construction phase, the carbon emissions reduced during the construction phase △E 施工 =∑(E 设备能耗 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 )+∑(E 施工时间 ×E 设备碳排放因子 ); In the operation and use phase, the carbon emissions reduced in the operation and use phase △E 运行 =∑(E 设备功率 ×E 使用时长 ×E 设备个数 ×E 能耗碳排放因子 ) Among them, E 设备功率 Indicates equipment power; E 使用时长 Indicates the usage time of the device; E 设备个数 Indicates the number of devices used; E 能耗碳排放因子 Indicates the carbon emission factor of the equipment’s energy consumption; E 设备能耗 Indicates the energy consumption of mechanical equipment per shift; E 施工时间 Indicates the construction time of the construction machine; E 设备碳排放因子 Represents the carbon emission factor of construction machinery and equipment.

6. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing carbon reduction through modular greening of building roofs as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: In the maintenance and demolition phase, the carbon emissions reduced during the demolition and maintenance phases △E 拆除 =∑(E 维护活动次数 ×E 每次维护的碳排放量 +E 拆除 -E 回收 ) Among them, E 维护活动次数 Indicates the number of daily maintenance activities of the green layer; E 每次维护的碳排放量 Represents the carbon emission reduction of each maintenance activity; E 拆除 To reduce carbon emissions from material transportation during the demolition phase; 回收 The carbon emissions reduction from recycling and reuse during the demolition phase.

7. The cost-benefit analysis method for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The single-module roof greening of modular greening on building roofs is composed of plant layer, planting matrix layer, drainage layer, and protective layer functional materials. The vegetation layer is made of Sedum, the matrix is ​​composed of lightweight materials, the drainage layer is composed of plastic drainage board, and the protective layer material is composed of root-proof puncture membrane and polyester felt synthetic materials.

8. A cost-benefit analysis device for realizing modular greening and carbon reduction of building roofs, characterized in that: include: Define modules, define a baseline solution, and calculate the incremental cost of carbon reduction technology for modular greening of building roofs based on the baseline solution; The accounting module establishes an incremental cost accounting model for the life cycle of modular carbon reduction technology for building roof greening. The incremental cost includes the incremental cost of the accounting scope of the material production stage, material transportation stage, construction stage, building operation stage, and building demolition stage. The accounting model for the carbon reduction benefit of modular building roof greening is established, where the carbon reduction benefit is the benefit brought by the reduction of carbon emissions during the entire life cycle of modular building roof greening through the application of carbon reduction technology. The calculation formula is: carbon emission reduction × carbon price; The evaluation module uses the benefit-cost ratio as the evaluation index of the economic degree of green carbon reduction technology, which means: carbon reduction economic degree = carbon reduction benefit / incremental cost; When the carbon reduction economic degree value is greater than or equal to 1, it means that the current plan is acceptable and economically optimal; when the carbon reduction economic degree value is less than 1 and greater than 0, it means that the current plan will incur additional costs.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, characterized in that: The memory stores a computer program, and the processor is configured to run the computer program to execute the cost-benefit analysis method for achieving modular greening and carbon reduction on building roofs as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that: The readable storage medium stores a computer program, which includes a program code for controlling a process to execute a process, and the process includes a cost-benefit analysis method for achieving modular greening and carbon reduction on building roofs according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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