A vascular puncture guide instrument

Abstract

A blood vessel puncture guiding device includes a finger cuff; a blood flow monitoring sensor disposed at the fingertip; a distance sensor disposed at the second end of the finger cuff; a device for monitoring the distance L1 between the distance sensor and the punctured skin in a direction perpendicular to the line connecting the blood flow monitoring sensor and the distance sensor; a distance L2 between the distance sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor, which is a uniform fixed distance, or a distance sensing unit is specifically provided on each of the distance sensor and the blood flow sensor, and L2 is obtained through the two distance sensing units; L1 and L2 are always perpendicular, forming a right triangle with L1 and L2 as right angles, and the inclination angle of L2 with the puncture plane of the punctured skin is a, and the angle a is obtained using the formula tana = L1 / L2; a prompt structure 1, which indicates that blood flow is being monitored; a prompt structure 2, which indicates that the value a or L1 is being monitored; and when prompt structure 1 and prompt structure 2 simultaneously send prompt signals, puncture is guided. This device integrates the structure into the finger cuff, is compact overall, and is simple and convenient to operate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of medical devices, and in particular to the field of various devices for vascular puncture, and specifically to a vascular puncture guiding device. Background Art

[0002] Needlestick injuries are common in clinical practice. Nursing staff are at high risk for these injuries. Previous studies have found that the incidence of needlestick injuries among nursing staff in my country is as high as 76.55%. The risk of needlestick exposure persists throughout medical care, potentially leading to the spread of blood-borne diseases and impacting the physical and mental health of medical staff. Therefore, it is imperative that nurses strengthen their professional protection. The simplest and most convenient way to prevent these injuries is to wear medical gloves. However, wearing standard medical gloves can reduce sensitivity and impair nurses' ability to identify blood vessels.

[0003] Patent application number CN207821186U, titled "A Rubber Glove for Blood Collection or Infusion," discloses a rubber glove for blood collection or infusion. The glove is durable, easy to use, and improves the user's feel for touching blood vessels, ensuring greater accuracy. However, it still suffers from the following drawbacks: The glove primarily relies on finger touch and is only suitable for patients with superficial and prominent veins. Nurses rely on subjective feeling to locate the vein, which cannot guarantee accurate blood vessel location. This reliance on subjective feeling to find the vein prolongs the procedure, causing inconvenience for both patients and nurses.

[0004] In addition, even if the blood vessel corresponding to the puncture point is found, the determination of the puncture angle depends more on the experience of the nursing staff. The wrong angle is also an important reason for puncture failure. Therefore, how to use instruments to complete the search for blood vessels and determine the puncture angle after finding them is a technical problem that needs to be solved.

[0005] In response to the above technical problems, the present invention provides a blood vessel puncture guiding instrument. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problem that the location and angle of vascular puncture rely on the experience of the nursing staff and are difficult to find and determine, a blood flow monitoring structure can be added to the fingertip of a conventional finger cuff and a distance sensor can be set at the back end of the finger cuff. The distance between the distance sensor and the blood flow monitoring structure is determined and known. The distance sensor is used to obtain a distance perpendicular to the line connecting the distance sensor and the blood flow monitoring structure, and the distance from the distance sensor to the corresponding plane of the punctured skin. The finger's tilt angle is calculated using trigonometric functions. When the finger's tilt angle is consistent with the required puncture angle, the finger's tilt angle can represent the angle for guiding the puncture. Then, the finger is kept in the same position as a reference, and the puncture can be performed directly at the puncture point where blood flow is detected at an accurate angle, accurately completing the puncture. In this way, the blood flow monitoring structure is used to monitor the blood flow and determine the puncture point. The finger's tilt angle obtained by the distance sensor and the blood flow monitoring structure is then used to obtain an effective guiding puncture angle. The installation of these two structures can greatly improve the accuracy and effectiveness of the puncture. The entire process relies on the finger cuff and its structure, and the device is overall compact.

[0007] The specific technical solution is: a vascular puncture guide device comprising

[0008] The finger sleeve has a first end for the finger pad and a second end for the finger insertion end;

[0009] The blood flow monitoring sensor is installed on the fingertips to monitor blood flow in real time and send blood flow signals;

[0010] The distance measuring sensor is provided at the second end of the finger cuff; it is used to monitor the distance L1 from the distance measuring sensor to the punctured skin along the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the blood flow monitoring sensor and the distance measuring sensor;

[0011] The distance between the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor is L2, which is a uniform fixed distance, or a distance sensing unit is specifically provided on each of the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor, and L2 is obtained through the two distance sensing units; L1 and L2 are always perpendicular, forming a right triangle with L1 and L2 as right angles, and the inclination angle of L2 with the puncture plane where the punctured skin is located is a; the angle a is obtained using the formula tana = L1 / L2;

[0012] Prompt structure 1: when obtaining a valid blood flow signal, it controls it to prompt and send out a prompt signal;

[0013] The prompt structure 2, when obtaining the required a value or the signal of the L1 value corresponding to a, controls it to prompt and sends a prompt signal;

[0014] When the prompt structure 1 and the prompt structure 2 send prompt signals simultaneously, puncture is guided.

[0015] Furthermore, to better achieve signal transmission, a control unit is provided to store valid arterial and / or venous blood flow signals, receive blood flow signals from the blood flow monitoring sensor in real time, and send the valid blood flow signals to prompt structure one upon receipt. The control structure also receives the real-time value of L1 and can calculate the angle a in real time based on the value of L1, or the control structure stores a pre-calculated L1 value for the required angle; when the control structure receives the required a value or L1 value, it sends the value to prompt structure two. By providing an effective control unit, the required information can be effectively stored and calculated, and signals can be sent to the prompt structure based on the required blood flow signal and angle signal.

[0016] Furthermore, after receiving a blood flow signal within a valid range, the prompt structure 1 prompts that the closer the blood flow signal is to the optimal blood flow signal, the higher the signal strength emitted by the prompt structure 1. The prompt structure 2 receives an a value or an L value within a valid range, and the closer the a value is to the optimal value, the higher the signal strength emitted by the prompt structure 2.

[0017] More specifically, there are several situations: First, prompt structure one is a display light, with a blue flashing light for the vein and a red flashing light for the vein. The closer to the optimal blood flow signal, the higher the flashing frequency of the light. Prompt structure two is also display light two. Because different puncture angles are suitable for different puncture needs: 30° for venous blood collection, 15-30° for intravenous infusion, and 5° for intradermal injection. 90 degrees is a vertical needle insertion, so there is no need to find an angle, just find the appropriate blood flow and puncture directly. Three color lights are set for 5°, 15°, and 30° respectively. At the same time, there are three different L values ​​or a values ​​in the control structure. When the corresponding value is reached, the control structure controls prompt structure two to flash the corresponding light.

[0018] In the second scenario, prompt structures 1 and 2 are combined into a single display structure that displays blood flow velocity and a value in real time. The display structure shows arterial and venous blood flow velocity, respectively, and a value in real time. When a signal related to arterial or venous blood flow velocity or a value range is received, the relevant area of ​​the display flashes. The operating nurse adjusts the angle and position by observing the specific values ​​and the patient's condition.

[0019] Furthermore, the puncture types are classified and can be selected in the control structure, or different puncture auxiliary instruments can be set according to different puncture methods.

[0020] Furthermore, in specific clinical processes, because some patients have thick subcutaneous fat tissue, it is difficult to find blood vessels, or the blood flow rate of the blood vessels found is very slow. If the puncture is performed according to the puncture angle of conventional patients, the puncture is often inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal puncture angle based on the blood flow rate. Generally, the slower the blood flow rate, the larger the puncture angle should be selected within the appropriate puncture angle range. The above-mentioned instrument can be used to input the blood flow rate and puncture angle of some clinically difficult patients with successful punctures into the machine learning system. The corresponding relationship between the blood flow rate and puncture angle of different difficult patients can be obtained through the machine learning neural network, and the obtained results are stored in the control structure. In this way, after the blood flow rate and the puncture angle correspond, the display light flashes, prompting the operator to proceed.

[0021] Furthermore, the finger sleeve is an elastic sleeve that is sleeved on the outside of the medical glove and can be stably sleeved on the finger.

[0022] Furthermore, in order to ensure the accuracy of tilt angle monitoring and avoid bending of the finger during operation, an anti-bending structure is set on the inside or outside of the finger cuff. The anti-bending structure fits on the finger cuff and will not interfere with the blood flow monitoring sensor's search for blood vessels.

[0023] Furthermore, the anti-bending structure includes 1-3 anti-bending rods arranged along the longitudinal axis of the finger sleeve. At least one anti-bending rod is arranged on the outside of the finger sleeve corresponding to the back of the finger, and two anti-bending rods are also arranged on both sides. The three anti-bending rods are arranged within a 180-degree semicircle of the finger sleeve. The arrangement of these anti-bending rods can effectively prevent the finger from bending during the test. Because no anti-bending rods are arranged on the finger surface area opposite the back of the finger and the anti-bending rods are arranged at intervals, the arrangement of the anti-bending rods will not affect the installation of the elastic finger sleeve on the finger.

[0024] Furthermore, extension plates are provided on both sides of the finger sleeve at the middle position, and the extension plates can be integrally connected to the anti-bending straight rods on both sides; prompt structure 1 and prompt structure 2 are provided above the extension plates, and a distance sensor is provided below the extension plates. This method can effectively set the installation position of each structure.

[0025] Furthermore, a curved rod is provided coplanar with the extension plate, with the center of the arc of the curved rod corresponding to the center of the blood flow monitoring sensor. The curved rod is positioned at the second end of the finger cuff, and a movable puncture guide structure is provided on the curved rod. The puncture guide structure includes a micro-laser generator that emits a laser line directed toward the blood flow monitoring sensor. Because the curved rod moves with the finger cuff, the laser line emitted by the micro-laser generator on it can represent the puncture direction. This structural design is intended to ensure that, after finding a suitable puncture angle with the finger wearing the finger cuff and puncturing directly near the finger is not possible, the puncture guide structure, which moves along the curved rod, can obtain an effective laser guide line at another desired location. This laser guide line allows for accurate puncture guidance at the desired location.

[0026] Furthermore, a combination hole is provided on the puncture guide structure, which is consistent with the cross section of the arc rod, and the puncture guide structure is combined with the arc rod and moved on the arc rod through the combination hole.

[0027] Furthermore, the arc rods are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the finger sleeve, and the overall curvature range of the arc rods is 150-180 degrees. This angle range can cover almost all suitable puncture positions.

[0028] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0029] By arranging a blood flow monitoring sensor and a distance measuring sensor on the finger cuff, the puncture point can be known through the blood flow monitoring sensor, and the distance L1 to the punctured skin measured by the distance measuring sensor can be compared with the known distance L2 between the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor; the angle at which the finger is lifted can be obtained in real time, and a prompt can be given after comparing the measured angle with the angle required for puncture, and an effective puncture guidance direction can be given through the angle of the finger on the table; finally, by knowing the puncture position and puncture angle guidance, the overall device is compact and the design is simple and reasonable.

[0030] By displaying the blood flow velocity and the finger lifting angle a in real time through the display structure, an optimal puncture angle within the appropriate puncture angle range can be found for some difficult patients based on the effective blood flow velocity displayed.

[0031] By setting up an anti-bending straight rod, monitoring errors caused by finger bending during finger lifting can be avoided, thereby improving monitoring accuracy.

[0032] Through the cooperation of the curved plate and its movable puncture guide structure that can emit a laser guide line toward the blood flow monitoring sensor, the puncture guide line can be transferred to a position other than the finger, while effectively maintaining the original puncture angle, so that it can be guided in a better guiding position. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention in which the first end of the finger cuff is closed;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention in which a small opening is provided at the first end of the finger sleeve;

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention from the bottom and side views;

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention with a curved plate and a puncture guide structure;

[0037] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention with a curved plate and a puncture guide structure and the structure in a puncture plane state;

[0038] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the state structure of the puncture guide structure and the blood flow monitoring sensor of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor of the present invention and the right triangle structure they construct;

[0040] Figure 8 This is a flow chart of signal reception and transmission by the control unit of the present invention;

[0041] Description of main reference numerals

[0042] 1. Finger sleeve; 11. Small opening; 2. Blood flow monitoring sensor; 3. Distance measuring sensor; 4. Prompt structure 1; 5. Prompt structure 2; 6. Control unit; 7. Puncture plane; 8. Anti-bending straight rod; 81. Elastic ring; 9. Extension plate; 10. Arc rod; 101. Puncture guide structure; 102. Micro laser generator; 103. Combination hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] refer to Figure 1-8; A blood vessel puncture guiding instrument comprises a finger cuff 1, the first end of which is the fingertip end, and the second end is the finger insertion end; a blood flow monitoring sensor 2 is arranged at the fingertip position, for monitoring blood flow in real time and sending out a blood flow signal; a distance measuring sensor 3 is arranged at the second end of the finger cuff 1; for monitoring the distance L1 from the distance measuring sensor 3 to the punctured skin along the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the blood flow monitoring sensor 2 and the distance measuring sensor 3; the distance between the distance measuring sensor 3 and the blood flow monitoring sensor 2 is L2, which is a consistent fixed distance, or a distance sensing unit is specially arranged on the distance measuring sensor 3 and the blood flow monitoring sensor respectively, and L2 is obtained through the two distance sensing units; L1 and L2 are always perpendicular, constructing a right triangle with L1 and L2 as right-angled sides, and the inclination angle of L2 to the puncture plane 7 where the punctured skin is located is a; the angle a is obtained by the formula tana=L1 / L2;

[0044] It also includes a prompt structure 1 4, which controls it to give a prompt and send a prompt signal when a valid blood flow signal is obtained; and a prompt structure 2 5, which controls it to give a prompt and send a prompt signal when a signal of the required a value or the L1 value corresponding to a is obtained; when the prompt structure 1 4 and the prompt structure 2 5 send prompt signals at the same time, puncture is guided.

[0045] A control unit 6 is also provided to store valid arterial and / or venous blood flow signals, receive blood flow signals from the blood flow monitoring sensor in real time, and send the valid blood flow signals to the prompt structure 1 4 after receiving the valid arterial or venous blood flow signals. The control structure also receives the real-time value of L1 and can calculate the angle a in real time based on the value of L1, or the control structure stores the L1 value of the required angle calculated in advance; when the control structure receives the required a value or L1 value, it sends the value to the prompt structure 2 5.

[0046] By providing an effective control unit 6, the required information can be effectively stored and calculated, and signals can be sent to the prompt structure according to the required blood flow signals and angle signals.

[0047] In one embodiment, to better display the signal, prompt structure 1 4 receives a blood flow signal within a valid range. The closer the blood flow signal is to the optimal value, the higher the signal strength emitted by prompt structure 1 4. Prompt structure 2 5 receives a value a or L within a valid range. The closer the value is to the optimal value, the higher the signal strength emitted by prompt structure 2 5.

[0048] It should be noted that because the finger is short when using the above-mentioned device, within a small range, the puncture plane can be defaulted to a single plane, or the patient's position can be adjusted so that the skin near the puncture area is basically flat, to ensure the accuracy of the monitoring results. Alternatively, a longitudinal axis can be found that is always in the plane of the skin near the puncture area, and the finger can be positioned along the longitudinal axis. The angle found at this position is more accurate. This simple method can be used to find an angle that can ensure that the obtained finger tilt angle is a true and valid angle.

[0049] During use, the finger with the fingertip 1, especially the distance sensor 3, must be placed in the plane where the puncture area is located or on the longitudinal axis of the plane where the skin near the puncture area is located. The blood flow signal is then searched for using the fingertip. When a valid blood flow signal is found, the prompt structure 1 4 sends a prompt signal. The position can be slightly adjusted. After finding the strongest prompt signal, the finger stops moving and begins to adjust the angle of the finger by raising or lowering the finger. When the appropriate angle is reached, the lifting structure 2 sends a prompt signal. At this time, the best puncture point and the best puncture angle are found. The finger position is controlled to remain stationary, and the puncture point is punctured along the direction of the finger or with reference to the angle of the finger. Puncturing in this way allows primary caregivers to quickly find the puncture position and puncture angle, and can provide an effective reference, reducing the degree of dependence on the caregiver's experience, and can effectively avoid doctor-patient conflicts caused by frequent and repeated punctures due to long-term inability to find a blood vessel. This device can be used for various punctures. However, when the puncture angle is 90°, it is only necessary to use the above-mentioned device to find the effective blood vessel position. This device can also be used for simulation training of daily nursing staff, shortening the actual training time of nursing staff.

[0050] A more preferred embodiment is to classify according to the puncture type, store the classification in the control structure, and select it in the control structure, or set different types of finger sleeves 1 according to different puncture types.

[0051] A more preferred embodiment is to set a vascular blood flow sensor on one side of the fingertip to distinguish arteries and veins based on the blood flow velocity. The area with high flow velocity is the artery, and the area with low flow velocity is the vein.

[0052] More specifically, the following settings can be used for Prompt Structure 1 4 and Prompt Structure 2 5 . First, Prompt Structure 1 4 functions as a display light. It flashes blue when a venous blood flow signal is detected, and red when an arterial blood flow signal is detected. The closer the blood flow signal approaches the optimal value, the faster the light flashes. Prompt Structure 2 5 also functions as a flashing light, and the closer it approaches the optimal value, the faster the light flashes. This color selection corresponds to the traditional display colors for arteries and veins, making it easier to distinguish.

[0053] One implementation method is to use different puncture angles to suit different puncture needs: 30° for venous blood sampling, 15-30° for intravenous infusion, and 5° for intradermal injection. A 90-degree angle allows for vertical needle insertion, eliminating the need to adjust the angle; simply find the appropriate blood flow and proceed directly. For the three angle signals of 5°, 15°, and 30°, prompt structure 2 5 is configured to flash in three different colors. Furthermore, the control structure contains three different L or a values. When the corresponding values ​​are reached, the control structure controls the flashing of the corresponding color light in prompt structure 2 5.

[0054] In the second scenario, prompt structure 1 4 and prompt structure 2 5 are combined into a display structure that can display blood flow velocity and a value in real time. The display structure shows arterial and venous blood flow velocity respectively, and a value is displayed in real time. When a signal related to arterial or venous blood flow velocity or a value range is received, the relevant area of ​​the display screen flashes. The operating nurse adjusts the angle and position by observing the specific values ​​and the patient's condition.

[0055] A more preferred embodiment is that in specific clinical processes, some patients have thick subcutaneous fat tissue, making it difficult to find blood vessels, or the blood flow velocity of the blood vessels found is very slow. If the puncture is performed according to the puncture angle of conventional patients, the puncture is often inaccurate. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the optimal puncture angle based on the blood flow velocity. Generally, the slower the blood flow velocity, the larger the puncture angle should be selected within the appropriate puncture angle range. The above-mentioned instrument can be used to input the blood flow velocity and puncture angle of some clinically difficult patients with successful punctures into the machine learning system. The machine learning neural network can obtain the corresponding relationship between the blood flow velocity and puncture angle of different difficult patients, and the obtained results are stored in the control structure. In this way, after the blood flow velocity and puncture angle correspond, the display light flashes, prompting the operator to proceed.

[0056] In a more preferred embodiment, the finger sleeve 1 is an elastic sleeve that is sleeved on the outside of the medical glove and can be stably sleeved on the finger.

[0057] A more preferred embodiment is that, in order to ensure the accuracy of tilt angle monitoring and avoid bending of the finger position during operation, an anti-bending structure is provided on the inner or outer side of the finger cuff 1. The anti-bending structure is attached to the finger cuff 1 and will not interfere with the blood flow monitoring sensor in finding the blood vessel.

[0058] A more preferred embodiment is to refer to Figure 1-3 The anti-bending structure includes 1-3 anti-bending straight rods 8 arranged along the longitudinal axis of the finger sleeve 1, at least one anti-bending straight rod 8 is arranged on the outside of the finger sleeve 1 corresponding to the back of the finger, and the anti-bending straight rod 8 also includes 2 on both sides. The three anti-bending straight rods 8 are arranged within the range of 1180° semicircle of the finger sleeve.

[0059] A more preferred embodiment is to connect the three anti-bending rods 8 together via elastic rings 81 on both sides of the anti-bending rods 8. The elastic rings 81 at the first ends of the anti-bending rods 8 have an angle range of 180°-240°, and the elastic rings 81 at the first ends do not cover the fingertips. This arrangement also effectively prevents interference with the blood flow monitoring sensor 2 caused by the elastic rings 81.

[0060] A more preferred embodiment is to refer to Figure 1-3 Extension plates 9 are installed on either side of the finger sleeve 1, located midway between the two sides. These plates are integrally connected to the anti-bending rods 8 on either side. Prompt structure 1 4 and prompt structure 2 5 are located above these plates, and a distance sensor 3 is located below them. This approach effectively positions each structure. The triangular shape of the extension plates 9 enhances structural stability.

[0061] A more preferred embodiment is to also set the power supply and control structure at the extension plate 9, or set a wireless transmission module on the blood flow monitoring sensor distance sensor 3 and the prompt structure 1 4 and the prompt structure 2 5, and also set a wireless transmission module corresponding to the control structure, so as to realize the transmission between various signals through wireless signals. This arrangement can effectively reduce the structural arrangement of the finger cuff 1 and reduce the weight and complexity of the finger cuff 1 arrangement.

[0062] Alternatively, the prompt structure 1 4 and the prompt structure 2 5 may be provided with indicator lights on the back side of the finger sleeve 1 .

[0063] The specific power supply setting method of the vascular puncture guidance instrument is that the power supply is a solar panel structure, and the setting of the solar panel does not affect the setting of the indicator light.

[0064] The specific distance measuring sensor 3 can be any micro structure sold on the market that meets the requirements of being set on the extension plate 9. Specifically, the distance measuring sensor 3 is a micro distance measuring sensor 3, such as a micro laser distance measuring sensor 3.

[0065] A more preferred embodiment is to refer to Figure 4-5A curved rod 10 is provided in the same plane as the extension plate 9, with the center of the arc of the curved rod 10 being the center of the blood flow monitoring sensor 2. The curved rod 10 is provided at the second end of the finger cuff 1, and a movable puncture guide structure 101 is provided on the curved rod 10. The puncture guide structure 101 includes a micro laser generator 102, which emits a laser line toward the blood flow monitoring sensor 2. Because the curved rod 10 moves with the finger cuff 1, the laser line emitted by the micro laser generator 102 thereon can represent the puncture direction. The purpose of this structural setting is that after finding a suitable puncture angle through the finger wearing the finger cuff 1, and it is impossible to puncture directly near the finger, an effective laser guide line can be obtained at another desired location by using the puncture guide structure 101 that moves along the curved rod 10. The laser guide line can be used to accurately guide the puncture at the desired location.

[0066] The puncture guide structure 101 is provided with a combination hole 103 that matches the cross-section of the curved rod 10. The combination hole 103 allows the puncture guide structure 101 to be assembled with the curved rod 10 and moved along the curved rod 10. The curved rods 10 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the finger sleeve 1, and the overall curvature of the curved rods 10 ranges from 150 to 180 degrees. This angle setting can maximize the ability to find the appropriate position for puncture guidance.

[0067] In a more preferred embodiment, two distance measuring sensors 3 may be provided on the extension plates 9 on both sides, and the average value obtained by the two distance measuring sensors 3 is L1. This arrangement can further reduce the error.

[0068] In a more preferred embodiment, a small opening 11 is provided at the first end of the finger sleeve 1 . This arrangement allows the caregiver's gloves to extend from the small opening 11 , thus preventing interference with the finger sleeve 1 by the gloves.

[0069] The above is a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention through specific specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods. In the absence of conflict, the above embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vascular puncture guide instrument, characterized in that: It includes Finger sleeve, the first end is the finger pad end, the second end is the finger insertion end, it is an elastic sleeve that is attached to the outside of the medical glove and can be stably put on the finger; The blood flow monitoring sensor is installed on the fingertip to monitor blood flow in real time and send out blood flow signals. A blood flow sensor is installed on one side of the fingertip to distinguish arteries from veins by blood flow velocity. The area with high flow velocity is artery, and the area with low flow velocity is vein. The anti-bending structure is arranged on the inner or outer side of the finger cuff and is attached to the finger cuff. The anti-bending structure is arranged in a position that will not interfere with the blood flow monitoring sensor finding the blood vessel. The anti-bending structure includes three anti-bending straight rods arranged along the longitudinal axis of the finger cuff. One anti-bending straight rod is arranged on the outer side of the finger cuff corresponding to the back of the finger. The anti-bending straight rods also include two on both sides. The three anti-bending straight rods are arranged within a 180° semicircle of the finger cuff. The extension plate is arranged in the middle of both sides of the finger sleeve and is integrally connected with the anti-bending straight rods on both sides; The arc rod is arranged at the second end of the finger cuff and is coplanar with the extension plate. The arc rod is symmetrically arranged on both sides of the finger cuff. The arc center of the arc rod is the center of the blood flow monitoring sensor. The overall arc range is 150-180 degrees. A movable puncture guide structure is provided on the arc-shaped rod, and the puncture guide structure includes a micro laser generator, which emits a laser line toward the blood flow monitoring sensor; The distance measuring sensor is arranged below the extension plate at the second end of the finger cuff; it is used to monitor the distance L1 from the distance measuring sensor to the punctured skin along the direction perpendicular to the line connecting the blood flow monitoring sensor and the distance measuring sensor; The distance between the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor is L2, which is a fixed distance. Alternatively, a distance sensing unit is provided on each of the distance measuring sensor and the blood flow monitoring sensor, and L2 is obtained through the two distance sensing units. L1 and L2 are always perpendicular, forming a right triangle with L1 and L2 as right angles. The inclination angle of L2 with the puncture plane of the punctured skin is a. The angle a is obtained using the formula tan a = L1 / L2. The prompt structure 1 controls the prompt structure 1 to prompt and send out a prompt signal when a valid blood flow signal is obtained; The prompt structure 2, when obtaining the required a value or the signal of the L1 value corresponding to a, controls the prompt structure 2 to prompt and send a prompt signal; When the prompt structure 1 and the prompt structure 2 send prompt signals simultaneously, puncture is guided.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A control unit is also provided to store valid arterial and / or venous blood flow signals, receive blood flow signals from a blood flow monitoring sensor in real time, and send the valid blood flow signals to prompt structure one after receiving the valid arterial or venous blood flow signals. The control structure also receives the real-time value of L1 and can calculate the angle a in real time based on the value of L1, or the control structure stores the L1 value of the required angle calculated in advance; when the control structure receives the required a value or L1 value, it sends the value to prompt structure two.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: After the prompt structure 1 receives a blood flow signal within a valid range, the closer it is to the optimal blood flow signal, the higher the signal strength emitted by the prompt structure 1; the prompt structure 2 receives an a value within a valid range or an L1 value within a valid range, and the closer it is to the optimal value, the higher the signal strength emitted by the prompt structure 2.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The puncture is classified according to the type, and the classification is stored in the control structure, and can be selected in the control structure, or different types of finger sleeves are set according to different puncture types.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: Prompt structure one is a display light, in which the blue flashing light flashes when a venous blood flow signal is detected, and the red flashing light flashes when an arterial blood flow signal is detected; the closer to the optimal blood flow signal, the higher the flashing frequency of the light. Prompt structure two is also a flashing light, and the closer to the optimal a value, the higher the flashing frequency of the light.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: For the three angle signals of 5°, 15°, and 30°, the prompt structure 2 is set to flashing lights in three colors. At the same time, there are three different L1 values ​​or a values ​​in the control structure; when the corresponding values ​​are reached, the control structure controls the corresponding color lights of the prompt structure 2 to flash.

7. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: Prompt structure 1 and prompt structure 2 are combined into a display structure that can display blood flow velocity and a value in real time. The display structure displays the blood flow velocity of the artery and vein respectively, and displays the a value in real time; when a signal related to the arterial or venous blood flow velocity or the range of a value is received, the relevant area of ​​the display screen flashes.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein Using an instrument with a display structure, the blood flow velocity and puncture angle of some clinically difficult patients with successful punctures are input into the machine learning system. The correspondence between the blood flow velocity and puncture angle of different difficult patients is obtained through the machine learning neural network, and the obtained results are stored in the control structure. In this way, after the blood flow velocity corresponds to the puncture angle, the display light flashes.

9. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The three anti-bending straight rods are connected together by elastic rings on both sides of the anti-bending straight rods, and the angle range of the elastic ring at the first end of the anti-bending straight rod is 180°-240°; the elastic ring at the first end does not cover the area where the fingertips are located.

10. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The first prompt structure and the second prompt structure are arranged above the extension plate.

11. The apparatus according to claim 10, wherein The power supply and control structure are also arranged at the extension plate position, or wireless transmission modules are arranged on the blood flow monitoring sensor, the distance measuring sensor, and the prompt structure 1 and the prompt structure 2, and the control structure is also provided with a corresponding wireless transmission module, so as to realize the transmission between various signals through wireless signals; Alternatively, the indicator lights of the prompt structure 1 and the prompt structure 2 are arranged on the back side of the finger sleeve.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein The power supply is a solar panel structure, and the setting of the solar panel does not affect the setting of the indicator light.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The distance measuring sensor is a miniature laser distance measuring sensor.

14. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein Two distance measuring sensors are set on the extension plates on both sides, and the average value obtained by the two distance measuring sensors is L1.

15. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein A combination hole is provided on the puncture guide structure, which is consistent with the cross section of the arc rod. The puncture guide structure is combined with the arc rod and the puncture guide structure is moved on the arc rod through the combination hole.

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