Liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as well as preparation method and use method of liquid water-soluble fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits and preparation and use methods thereof, and is characterized in that the liquid water-soluble fertilizer comprises liquid polyethylene glycol and solid polyethylene glycol, and the relative molecular mass of the liquid polyethylene glycol is less than or equal to 400; the relative molecular mass of the solid polyethylene glycol is greater than 400; the total mass fraction of the liquid polyethylene glycol and the solid polyethylene glycol in the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruits is greater than or equal to 0.1%. The method can play a certain role in protecting fruits, can reduce the residual fruit rate and improve the product quality, and has no side effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits and a preparation method and a use method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Currently, apples are grown in bags. The fruits mature in autumn and need to be removed from the bags for coloring. The coloring time is normally 7-8 days, but it may take more than 10 days in bad weather. When removing the bags, anti-scratch stickers need to be placed where the fruits are close to the branches to protect them from being scratched by the branches. However, autumn in the north is windy, and even with anti-scratch stickers, some fruits will still be affected by strong winds and the skin will be scratched by the branches, resulting in residual fruit, which will cause economic losses to the growers.

[0003] In order to reduce the scratches on the fruit, a substance that is easy to form a film is sprayed on the surface of the fruit, and a protective film is formed on the surface of the fruit after drying. However, the existence of the protective film blocks the light exposure, thus affecting the coloring of the fruit, further reducing the quality of the fruit. At present, there is no product or method to solve the problem of apples being scratched by branches after being unbagged due to strong winds, resulting in residual fruit, and the product cannot affect the quality of the apples. Summary of the invention

[0004] The invention provides a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits and a preparation method and a use method thereof, and solves the technical problem that apples after being removed from bags are scratched by tree branches due to strong winds, resulting in residual fruits, and the product does not affect the quality of the apples.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water, wherein the relative molecular mass of the liquid polyethylene glycol is less than or equal to 400; the relative molecular mass of the solid polyethylene glycol is greater than 400; and the total mass fraction of the liquid polyethylene glycol and the solid polyethylene glycol in the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is greater than or equal to 0.1%.

[0006] It also includes water-soluble fertilizer raw materials; the water-soluble fertilizer raw materials include one or more of magnesium sulfate, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium humate, amino acid powder, ferrous sulfate, calcium disodium edetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.

[0007] The liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400; the solid polyethylene glycol is one or more of polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 8000.

[0008] The mass ratio of liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water is 0.05-40:0.05-20:40-99.9, and the mass fraction of liquid polyethylene glycol is greater than the mass fraction of solid polyethylene glycol.

[0009] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits; or Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol and water-soluble fertilizer raw materials, mix well, and you will get liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits; or divide the water into two parts, dissolve the water-soluble fertilizer raw materials in one part of the water, add solid polyethylene glycol until the solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved, add liquid polyethylene glycol and the other part of water, mix well, and you will get liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0010] The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 60-70°C.

[0011] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect fruits, follow the steps below: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.5%, thereby obtaining the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for improving the coloring of the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0012] The dilution is dilution with water.

[0013] The invention has the following beneficial technical effects: The present application combines liquid polyethylene glycol with solid polyethylene glycol to effectively solve the problem of apple peels being scratched by branches due to strong winds after being picked from bags in autumn, resulting in residual fruits, without affecting the coloring of the fruits or reducing the quality of the fruits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0014] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with preferred examples. Example 1

[0015] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water in a mass ratio of 15:6:79, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 200 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 4000.

[0016] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0017] The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 65°C.

[0018] The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is characterized by following the steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.2%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0019] The dilution is dilution with water. Example 2

[0020] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water in a mass ratio of 15:6:79, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 4000.

[0021] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0022] The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 65°C.

[0023] The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is characterized by following the steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.2%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0024] The dilution is dilution with water.

[0025] Example 3

[0026] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water in a mass ratio of 15:6:79, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 6000.

[0027] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0028] The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 65°C.

[0029] The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is characterized by following the steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.2%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0030] The dilution is dilution with water. Example 4

[0031] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water in a mass ratio of 6:15:79, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 200 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 4000.

[0032] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0033] The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 65°C.

[0034] The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is characterized by following the steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.2%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0035] The dilution is dilution with water.

[0036] Example 5

[0037] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and water in a mass ratio of 15:6:10:1:68, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 6000.

[0038] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium disodium edetate and solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0039] The dissolving in water refers to dissolving in water at 70°C.

[0040] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect fruits, follow the steps below: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted with water to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.2%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit. Example 6

[0041] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate and water in a mass ratio of 10:5:10:1:74, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400 and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 6000.

[0042] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Dissolve potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium disodium edetate and solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0043] The dissolving in water refers to dissolving in water at 70°C.

[0044] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect fruits, follow the steps below: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted with water to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.3%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit. Example 7

[0045] A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol, potassium nitrate, potassium sulfate and water in a mass ratio of 20:5:10:4:61, wherein the liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400; and the solid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 4000.

[0046] The preparation method of the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is carried out according to the following steps: Divide water into two parts, with the mass ratio of the two parts of water being 1:1. Dissolve potassium nitrate and potassium sulfate in one part of water, add solid polyethylene glycol 4000 and stir until the solid polyethylene glycol 4000 is dissolved. Add liquid polyethylene glycol 400 and the other part of water and mix well to obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits.

[0047] The dissolving in water refers to dissolving in water at 70°C.

[0048] To use liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect fruits, follow the steps below: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted with water to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.3%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

[0049] The beneficial effects of the present invention are further illustrated below in conjunction with test data: Experiment 1 1.1 Experimental location: Gansu Smart Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center.

[0050] 1.2 Experimental test: Statistical analysis of residual fruit rate (%), coloring score, shrinkage rate (%), soluble sugar (%) and titratable acid (%); apple variety: Tianhong No. 2.

[0051] 1.3 Test materials: blank (except that the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for diluting and protecting fruits is replaced with water, the rest is the same as in Example 1), Comparison 1 (except that the solid polyethylene glycol is replaced by liquid polyethylene glycol, the rest are consistent with Example 1), Comparison 2 (except that the liquid polyethylene glycol is replaced by solid polyethylene glycol, the rest are consistent with Example 1), Comparison 3 (except that the method of use is foliar spraying, the rest are consistent with Example 1), Comparison 4 (except that the method of use is root irrigation, the rest are consistent with Example 1), Comparison 5 (except that the method of use is diluted with water to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 1%, the rest are consistent with Example 1) and Examples 1 to 5.

[0052] 1.4 Detection method: The fruits were picked on the 10th day of the experimental treatment, and 600 fruits were randomly selected from each treatment, with no surface rot, and the residual fruit rate (%) was calculated; fruits with similar shape and size were selected, 100 for each treatment, and the coloring rate was calculated; 50 fruits were randomly selected from each treatment and placed in a constant temperature box with a temperature of 20℃ and a humidity of 54 for 25 days, the outer skin of the fruits was observed, and the shrinkage rate (%) was calculated, where the shrinkage rate = the number of wrinkled fruits / the number of counted fruits * 100%; 10 fruits were randomly selected from each treatment for testing of soluble sugar (%) and titratable acid (%).

[0053] Evaluation criteria for residual fruit rate (%): Fruit body damage: If the wounds caused by punctures, stabs, scratches, etc. that injure the flesh are ≥ 3mm, or / and more than 2 / the area of ​​friction damage on the skin is ≥ 0.5cm / piece, it will be evaluated as residual fruit.

[0054] The coloring rate is counted in the form of points according to the Technical Specifications for Evaluation of Apple Varieties, where a coloring area greater than or equal to 90% is scored as 7 points; a coloring area of ​​80%-90% is scored as 5 points; a coloring area less than 80% is scored as 3 points; Soluble sugar (%) is tested in accordance with GB / T 18672; Titratable acid (%) is tested in accordance with GB / T 12456; Among them, the coloring rate of fruits tested by soluble sugar and titratable acid was ≥90%; The fruit coloring rate (%) and wrinkling were observed with the naked eye.

[0055] The experiment takes place in 2024, a year in which the summer temperatures remain high.

[0056] In this experiment, all operations were the same except for the experimental treatment, which was carried out on the second day after the apples were unbagged.

[0057] 2 Results and analysis The residual fruit rate (%), statistical coloring score, shrinkage rate (%), soluble sugar (%) and titratable acid (%) are shown in Table 1 Table 1

[0058] From the comparison of the data of the blank, comparison 1, comparison 2, example 1 and example 2 of this application, it can be seen that whether it is comparison 1 with the addition of liquid polyvinyl alcohol, comparison 2 with the addition of solid polyethylene glycol, or example 1 with the addition of liquid and solid polyethylene glycol, the residual fruit rate can be reduced to varying degrees. Among them, although the residual fruit rate of comparison 1 with the addition of liquid polyethylene glycol is relatively high, the effect in terms of coloring and fruit quality is better. Although the residual fruit rate of comparison 2 with the addition of solid polyethylene glycol is very low and the storage resistance is good, it affects the coloring and quality of the fruit. Example 1 with the addition of liquid and solid polyethylene glycol has less residual fruit and a lower shrinkage rate, and does not affect the coloring and quality of the fruit, nor does it affect the storage resistance of the fruit. Overall, Example 1 has the best effect.

[0059] From the data comparison of Comparison 3, Comparison 4 and Example 1, it can be seen that the use method also affects the coloring of the fruit, and Example 1 sprayed on the fruit surface has the best effect.

[0060] From the comparison of the data of Comparative 5, Example 1, Example 2 and Example 3, it can be seen that the concentration of polyethylene glycol when using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit also affects the use effect. In Comparative 5 in which the mass fraction of polyethylene glycol is 1%, although the residual fruit rate is low, it obviously affects the storage resistance of the fruit. Therefore, the concentration of polyethylene glycol when used will also affect the use effect of the product.

[0061] From the comparison of the data of Example 4 and Example 1, it can be seen that Example 4, in which the mass of solid polyethylene glycol is greater than the mass of liquid polyethylene glycol, has a slight effect on coloring compared with Example 1, and the quality of apples is slightly reduced. It can be seen that the mass of solid polyethylene glycol and liquid polyethylene glycol in the formula also affects the use effect.

Claims

1. A liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits, characterized in that: The invention comprises liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water, wherein the relative molecular mass of the liquid polyethylene glycol is less than or equal to 400; the relative molecular mass of the solid polyethylene glycol is greater than 400; and the total mass fraction of the liquid polyethylene glycol and the solid polyethylene glycol in the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits is greater than or equal to 0.1%.

2. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes water-soluble fertilizer raw materials; the water-soluble fertilizer raw materials include one or more of magnesium sulfate, urea, ammonium sulfate, zinc sulfate, potassium humate, amino acid powder, ferrous sulfate, calcium disodium edetate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and potassium sulfate.

3. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The liquid polyethylene glycol is polyethylene glycol 400; the solid polyethylene glycol is one or more of polyethylene glycol 4000, polyethylene glycol 6000 and polyethylene glycol 8000.

4. The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of liquid polyethylene glycol, solid polyethylene glycol and water is 0.05-40:0.05-20:40-99.9, and the mass fraction of liquid polyethylene glycol is greater than the mass fraction of solid polyethylene glycol.

5. The method for preparing the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Follow these steps: Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol, and mix well to obtain a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits; or Dissolve solid polyethylene glycol in water, add liquid polyethylene glycol and water-soluble fertilizer raw materials, mix well, and obtain liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits; or Divide the water into two parts, dissolve the water-soluble fertilizer raw material in one part of the water, add solid polyethylene glycol until the solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved, add liquid polyethylene glycol and the other part of water, mix well, and you can get the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit.

6. The method for preparing a liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The solid polyethylene glycol is dissolved in water by dissolving the solid polyethylene glycol in water at 60-70°C.

7. The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Follow these steps: The liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit is diluted to a polyethylene glycol mass fraction of 0.1 to 0.5%, thereby obtaining the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting the fruit; Spray the diluted liquid water-soluble fertilizer to protect the fruit on the surface of the fruit.

8. The method for using the liquid water-soluble fertilizer for protecting fruits as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The dilution is carried out using Dilute with water.

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