Direct cooling type heat management system, refrigerant self-adaptive balanced distribution method and energy storage system

Abstract

The invention discloses a direct cooling type heat management system, a refrigerant self-adaption balanced distribution method and an energy storage system, and relates to the technical field of heat management systems, the direct cooling type heat management system comprises a compressor, a condenser, a trunk throttling device, a refrigerant flow divider and a plurality of evaporation heat exchangers; the compressor, the condenser, the trunk throttling device and the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider are communicated in sequence to form a refrigerant trunk; a plurality of refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant flow divider are respectively communicated with each evaporation heat exchanger so as to form a plurality of refrigerant branches; and each refrigerant branch is communicated with the other refrigerant branch through at least one flow equalizing branch. The invention mainly solves the problem of how to provide a refrigerant self-adaptive balanced distribution structure and method for a direct cooling type heat management system. According to the invention, the state of the refrigerant tends to be consistent in each refrigerant branch, the temperature consistency of each heat management object is kept, and the direct cooling type heat management system and the energy storage system can obtain higher energy efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of thermal management systems, and in particular to a direct cooling thermal management system, a refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method and an energy storage system. Background Art

[0002] In the context of power system transformation and upgrading, the controllability and storability of electric energy has become one of the core of development. In this context, energy storage systems will also play the role of backup power supply and power supply to enhance the reliability of power systems and prevent accidental power outages. Energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries have the characteristics of flexible site selection, short construction period, and good regulation performance. At the same time, lithium-ion batteries themselves have high safety performance. The above characteristics make energy storage systems based on lithium-ion batteries widely used.

[0003] The power consumption of the auxiliary system is one of the important factors affecting the electricity-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the energy storage system. Experimental verification shows that the auxiliary system power consumption rate of the energy storage system based on lithium iron phosphate batteries is as high as more than 10%. The power consumption of the above-mentioned auxiliary system is mainly the cooling power consumption generated by the thermal management system. Therefore, the cooling power consumption generated by the thermal management system will reduce the overall electricity-to-electricity conversion efficiency of the energy storage system by about 5%.

[0004] The direct cooling thermal management system can directly exchange heat with the heat generating body of the energy storage system (especially the battery pack and the electric energy conversion device, etc.) through the evaporative heat exchanger. Compared with the thermal management system equipped with a liquid cooling unit (also known as "liquid-cooled air conditioner"), it can reduce the heat exchange efficiency loss of the liquid cooling medium, thereby improving the energy-saving effect of the thermal management system and the energy storage system, and reducing the cost of the thermal management system. In addition, the direct cooling thermal management system also has many advantages such as no need for regular maintenance of the liquid cooling medium, no need to recycle and process the liquid cooling medium, and no need to consider the leakage of the liquid cooling medium. Therefore, the direct cooling thermal management system has received widespread attention.

[0005] However, the direct cooling thermal management system in the prior art still has the following technical problems:

[0006] Limited by the physical properties of the refrigerant, for a multi-branch direct-cooling thermal management system, uneven refrigerant distribution is prone to occur between its branches, resulting in inconsistent refrigerant input states (such as refrigerant flow, temperature, pressure, and gas-liquid two-phase ratio, etc.) of the evaporative heat exchangers of each branch, thereby making the heat exchange capacity of each evaporative heat exchanger inconsistent, which will eventually lead to a large temperature difference between the thermal management objects (such as the battery groups of the energy storage system), affecting the normal operation of the thermal management objects.

[0007] In summary, how to provide a refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution structure and method for a direct cooling thermal management system has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the present invention is to provide a direct cooling thermal management system, a refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method and an energy storage system, which can adaptively balance the refrigerant state in each refrigerant branch.

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a direct cooling type thermal management system, used for performing thermal management for several thermal management objects; comprising a compressor, a condenser, a main circuit throttling device, a refrigerant diverter and several evaporative heat exchangers; the refrigerant input ends of the compressor, the condenser, the main circuit throttling device and the refrigerant diverter are connected in sequence to form a refrigerant main circuit; the several refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant diverter are respectively connected to each of the evaporative heat exchangers to form several refrigerant branches; the refrigerant output ends of each of the evaporative heat exchangers are merged into the refrigerant main circuit after merging, and are connected to the refrigerant input end of the compressor; each of the evaporative heat exchangers can perform heat exchange with the thermal management object; each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another refrigerant branch through at least one flow-sharing branch.

[0010] In the above technical solution, each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a flow-sharing branch.

[0011] In the above technical solution, after all the refrigerant branches are grouped, for each group of the refrigerant branches, each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a flow-sharing branch.

[0012] In the above technical solution, each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through the split-flow equalizing branch and the converging-flow equalizing branch alternately.

[0013] In the above technical solution, after all the refrigerant branches are grouped, for each group of the refrigerant branches, each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch alternately through a split-type equalizing flow branch and a converging-type equalizing flow branch.

[0014] In the above technical solution, at least one of the refrigerant branches includes: a primary refrigerant branch led out from the refrigerant output end of the refrigerant diverter, and a plurality of secondary refrigerant branches led out after diversion of the primary refrigerant branch; the equalizing branch is connected to the secondary refrigerant branch.

[0015] In the above technical solution, at least one of the refrigerant branches is provided with a branch throttling device after the flow-sharing branch.

[0016] In the above technical scheme, the direct cooling type thermal management system of the present invention also includes a refrigerant regenerator; the refrigerant output side of the refrigerant main circuit is connected to one side of the refrigerant regenerator, and the refrigerant return side of the refrigerant main circuit is connected to the other side of the refrigerant regenerator.

[0017] A refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method is applied to the above-mentioned direct cooling type thermal management system, the method comprising:

[0018] Driving the refrigerant to flow in sequence along the compressor, condenser, main line throttling device and refrigerant diverter of the refrigerant main line;

[0019] The refrigerant flow divider distributes the refrigerant to each refrigerant branch;

[0020] The refrigerant in each of the refrigerant branches flows evenly to another adjacent refrigerant branch through the flow-equalizing branch;

[0021] The refrigerant in each of the refrigerant branches flows through the evaporative heat exchanger, merges into the refrigerant trunk line, and flows to the refrigerant input end of the compressor.

[0022] An energy storage system comprises the above-mentioned direct cooling thermal management system.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: in the direct cooling thermal management system, the refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method and the energy storage system of the present invention, each refrigerant branch is connected to another refrigerant branch through at least one equalizing flow branch, and a part of the refrigerant in each refrigerant branch continues to pass through the refrigerant branch and enters the evaporative heat exchanger, and the other part flows from the equalizing flow branch to another refrigerant branch and enters another evaporative heat exchanger; the refrigerant undergoing the above-mentioned equalizing flow process, its state (such as the flow rate, temperature, pressure and gas-liquid two-phase ratio of the refrigerant, etc.) tends to be consistent in each refrigerant branch, so that the cooling capacity of each evaporative heat exchanger also tends to be consistent, maintaining the temperature consistency of each thermal management object, so that the direct cooling thermal management system and the energy storage system obtain higher energy efficiency, and the direct cooling thermal management system, the refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method and the energy storage system of the present invention do not require additional hardware, nor do they require the development of control methods, so that the cost of the thermal management system is effectively controlled. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 This is one of the system structure views of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is the second system structure view of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is the third system structure view of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4This is the fourth system structure view of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 5 This is the fifth system structure view of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 This is the sixth system structure view of the present invention.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 100, battery pack; 200, refrigerant main line; 300, refrigerant branch; 300-1, primary refrigerant branch; 300-2, secondary refrigerant branch; 400, flow-equalizing branch; 1, compressor; 2, condenser; 3, main line throttling device; 4, refrigerant diverter; 5, evaporative heat exchanger; 6, branch line throttling device; 7, four-way valve; 8, refrigerant regenerator; 9, gas-liquid separator; 10, liquid storage tank. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] This embodiment provides a direct cooling thermal management system for performing thermal management on a plurality of thermal management objects.

[0033] The energy storage system usually includes a battery pack 100, a power conversion device with power electronic devices, a control device (such as an industrial computer, a dedicated controller for the energy storage system, a general controller, etc.), and components such as a transformer. The above components all have a certain amount of heat generation and can all be selected for thermal management in this embodiment. In this embodiment, several groups of battery packs 100 in the energy storage system are taken as typical cases of thermal management objects to specifically illustrate the technical solution of the present invention.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 The direct cooling thermal management system of this embodiment includes a compressor 1, a condenser 2, a main circuit throttling device 3, a refrigerant diverter 4 and a plurality of evaporative heat exchangers 5.

[0035] Among them, the compressor 1 is a compressor used to compress refrigerant in the refrigeration system, preferably a variable frequency compressor; the condenser 2 is a condenser in the refrigeration system, which dissipates heat through its own fan, and the fan is preferably an electronic fan that can accurately adjust the speed; the main line throttling device 3 is a throttling device in the refrigeration system, preferably an electronic expansion valve; the refrigerant diverter 4 has a refrigerant input end and several refrigerant output ends, which is used to distribute the refrigerant input to its refrigerant input end to the branch through each refrigerant output end; the evaporative heat exchanger 5 is a metal heat exchanger, which is provided with a refrigerant evaporation structure and is used as an evaporator in the refrigeration system, and the evaporative heat exchanger 5 can realize heat exchange between low-temperature refrigerant and the thermal management object. Specifically, the evaporative heat exchanger 5 is attached to the surface of the thermal management object or buried in the thermal management object, so that heat can be directly absorbed from the thermal management object.

[0036] The refrigerant input ends of the compressor 1, the condenser 2, the main circuit throttling device 3 and the refrigerant diverter 4 are connected in sequence to form a refrigerant main circuit 200; several refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant diverter 4 are respectively connected to each evaporative heat exchanger 5, thereby forming several refrigerant branches 300; after the refrigerant output ends of each evaporative heat exchanger 5 converge, they converge into the refrigerant main circuit 200 and are connected to the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1; it should be noted that the connection between the above-mentioned components is achieved through a dedicated refrigerant pipeline.

[0037] Each evaporative heat exchanger 5 can exchange heat with the heat management object. Specifically, the evaporative heat exchanger 5 is attached to the surface of the heat management object or embedded in the heat management object, so as to directly absorb heat from the heat management object.

[0038] In order to make the refrigerant state in each refrigerant branch 300 tend to be balanced, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another refrigerant branch 300 through at least one flow-sharing branch 400 .

[0039] In some possible embodiments, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through the flow-sharing branch 400; for example, Figure 1 As shown, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through a single flow-sharing branch 400 .

[0040] In some other possible embodiments, after all the refrigerant branches 300 are grouped, for each group of refrigerant branches 300, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through the flow-sharing branch 400; for example, Figure 2As shown, this embodiment divides the eight refrigerant branches 300 into two groups, that is, four adjacent refrigerant branches 300 each form a group. In each group of refrigerant branches 300, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through a single flow-sharing branch 400.

[0041] In some other possible embodiments, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through a split-flow equalizing branch 400 and a converging-flow equalizing branch 400 alternately; for example, Figure 3 As shown, the first refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the second refrigerant branch 300 through two equalizing branches 400, the second refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the third refrigerant branch 300 through a single equalizing branch 400, the third refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the fourth refrigerant branch 300 through two equalizing branches 400, the fourth refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the fifth refrigerant branch 300 through a single equalizing branch 400, and the cycle continues in this way until the last refrigerant branch 300.

[0042] In some other possible embodiments, after all the refrigerant branches 300 are grouped, for each group of refrigerant branches 300, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through the split-flow equalizing branch 400 and the converging-flow equalizing branch 400 alternately; for example, Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment divides the 8 refrigerant branches 300 into 2 groups, that is, the adjacent 4 refrigerant branches 300 are each a group, and in each group of refrigerant branches 300, the first refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the second refrigerant branch 300 through two equalizing branches 400, the second refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the third refrigerant branch 300 through a single equalizing branch 400, and the third refrigerant branch 300 is connected to the fourth refrigerant branch 300 through two equalizing branches 400.

[0043] In some other possible embodiments, at least one refrigerant branch 300 includes: a primary refrigerant branch 300-1 drawn from the refrigerant output end of the refrigerant splitter 4, and a plurality of secondary refrigerant branches 300-2 drawn from the primary refrigerant branch 300-1 after being split; a flow balancing branch 400 connected to the secondary refrigerant branch 300-2; for example, Figure 5As shown, in this embodiment, two primary refrigerant branches 300-1 are led out from the refrigerant output end of the refrigerant diverter 4, and after the two primary refrigerant branches 300-1 are further diverted, two secondary refrigerant branches 300-2 are led out respectively, and then connected to the evaporative heat exchanger 5. In addition, the refrigerant output end of the refrigerant diverter 4 also leads out a non-divided refrigerant branch 300; the secondary refrigerant branches 300-2 led out from each primary refrigerant branch 300-1 are connected through the equalizing branch 400. In addition, the non-divided refrigerant branches 300 are also connected to the adjacent secondary refrigerant branches 300-2 through the equalizing branch 400.

[0044] See also Figure 5 Furthermore, at least one refrigerant branch 300 is provided with a branch throttling device 6 after the equalizing branch 400; wherein the branch throttling device 6 is a throttling device in the refrigeration system, preferably an electronic expansion valve; in this embodiment, all the refrigerant branches 300 are provided with a branch throttling device 6 after the equalizing branch 400, that is, the branch throttling device 6 is provided before the refrigerant input end of each evaporative heat exchanger 5; by providing the refrigerant branch 300 with a branch throttling device 6, the refrigerant input amount and the refrigerant input pressure of the evaporative heat exchanger 5 can be controlled more accurately.

[0045] Furthermore, the direct cooling thermal management system of the present embodiment also includes a refrigerant regenerator 8, wherein the refrigerant regenerator 8 (also called a "subcooler") is a metal component having at least two refrigerant channels, and heat exchange can occur between the two refrigerant channels of the refrigerant regenerator 8; the refrigerant output side of the refrigerant trunk line 200 is connected to one side of the refrigerant regenerator 8, and the refrigerant return side of the refrigerant trunk line 200 is connected to the other side of the refrigerant regenerator 8; in the present embodiment, a section of the refrigerant trunk line 200 between the refrigerant output end of the condenser 2 and the refrigerant input end of the trunk line throttling device 3 is connected to one side of the refrigerant regenerator 8; after the refrigerant output ends of each evaporative heat exchanger 5 converge, they converge into the refrigerant trunk line 200, and one section of them is connected to the other side of the refrigerant regenerator 8.

[0046] Furthermore, the direct cooling type thermal management system of the present embodiment also includes a gas-liquid separator 9 and a liquid storage tank 10; wherein, the gas-liquid separator 9 is a refrigerant gas-liquid separator 9 in the refrigeration system, which is used to separate the gas and liquid in the refrigerant to prevent the liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 1, thereby reducing the "liquid hammer" phenomenon of the compressor 1; the liquid storage tank 10 is a refrigerant liquid storage tank 10 in the refrigeration system, which is used to store excess refrigerant in the refrigeration system; the gas-liquid separator 9 and the liquid storage tank 10 are respectively connected at any node of the refrigerant trunk line 200; in the present embodiment, the gas-liquid separator 9 and the liquid storage tank 10 are both connected before the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1.

[0047] It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the direct cooling thermal management system further includes a four-way valve 7; the refrigerant output end of the compressor 1 is connected to one of the ports of the four-way valve 7, and the refrigerant input end of the condenser 2 is connected to another port of the four-way valve 7, so that the compressor 1 and the condenser 2 can be connected through the two ports of the four-way valve 7; after the refrigerant output ends of each evaporative heat exchanger 5 converge, they are connected to one of the ports of the four-way valve 7 through the refrigerant heat regenerator 8, and the refrigerant input end of the gas-liquid separator 9 is connected to another port of the four-way valve 7, so that the refrigerant heat regenerator 8 and the gas-liquid separator 9 can be connected through the two ports of the four-way valve 7; in addition, by cutting off each port of the four-way valve 7, the refrigerant can be cut off, thereby stopping the operation of the direct cooling thermal management system; or, by changing the port connection direction of the four-way valve 7, the flow direction of the refrigerant can be changed, thereby generating heat at the evaporative heat exchanger 5, but this will not be repeated in the present embodiment.

[0048] This embodiment also provides a refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method, which is applied to the above-mentioned direct cooling type thermal management system, and the method includes:

[0049] The refrigerant is driven to flow in sequence along the compressor 1, the condenser 2, the main circuit throttling device 3 and the refrigerant diverter 4 of the refrigerant main circuit 200;

[0050] The refrigerant distributor 4 distributes the refrigerant to each refrigerant branch 300;

[0051] The refrigerant in each refrigerant branch 300 flows evenly to another adjacent refrigerant branch 300 through the flow-evening branch 400;

[0052] The refrigerant in each refrigerant branch circuit 300 flows through the evaporative heat exchanger 5 , merges into the refrigerant trunk circuit 200 , and flows to the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1 .

[0053] The specific operation process of the direct cooling type thermal management system and the refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method of this embodiment is further described in detail below:

[0054] In the refrigerant main circuit 200, the refrigerant flows in sequence along the compressor 1, the condenser 2 and the main circuit throttling device 3, and undergoes the refrigeration cycle process in the conventional refrigeration system; then, the refrigerant after throttling by the main circuit throttling device 3 (if the direct cooling type thermal management system of this embodiment is equipped with a branch circuit throttling device 6, the main circuit throttling device 3 is set to the maximum opening, and at this time, the main circuit throttling device 3 does not have a throttling effect) is distributed to each refrigerant branch circuit 300 by the refrigerant diverter 4; a part of the refrigerant in each refrigerant branch circuit 300 continues to pass through the refrigerant branch circuit 300 and enters the evaporative heat exchanger 5, and the other part flows from the flow equalizing branch circuit 400 to another refrigerant branch circuit 300 and enters another evaporative heat exchanger 5; the refrigerant that has undergone the above-mentioned flow equalizing process, its state (such as the flow rate, temperature, pressure and gas-liquid ratio of the refrigerant) The refrigerant in each refrigerant branch 300 tends to be consistent; the refrigerant evaporates in the evaporative heat exchanger 5, which reduces the temperature of the evaporative heat exchanger 5, so that it can absorb the heat generated by the heat management object; the refrigerant in each refrigerant branch 300, after passing through the evaporative heat exchanger 5, merges into the refrigerant trunk 200, and flows to the refrigerant input end of the compressor 1, thereby completing a refrigeration cycle; in the above process, the refrigerant (superheated gas) that converges into the refrigerant trunk 200 exchanges heat with the refrigerant (liquid) after heat exchange in the condenser 2 at the refrigerant regenerator 8, with the purpose of exchanging heat again between the refrigerant (relatively high temperature) after heat exchange in the condenser 2 and the refrigerant (relatively low temperature) after evaporation in the evaporative heat exchanger 5, so as to increase the supercooling degree of the refrigerant before entering the evaporative heat exchanger 5, and optimize the superheat degree of the refrigerant before entering the compressor 1.

[0055] This embodiment also provides an energy storage system, which includes the above-mentioned direct cooling thermal management system.

[0056] In the direct cooling thermal management system, the refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method and the energy storage system of the present embodiment, each refrigerant branch 300 is connected to another refrigerant branch 300 through at least one flow balancing branch 400. A part of the refrigerant in each refrigerant branch 300 continues to pass through the refrigerant branch 300 and enters the evaporative heat exchanger 5, and the other part flows from the flow balancing branch 400 to another refrigerant branch 300 and enters another evaporative heat exchanger 5. The state of the refrigerant that has undergone the above-mentioned flow balancing process (such as the flow rate, temperature, pressure and gas-liquid two-phase ratio of the refrigerant) tends to be consistent in each refrigerant branch 300, so that the cooling capacity of each evaporative heat exchanger 5 also tends to be consistent, maintaining the temperature consistency of each thermal management object, so that the direct cooling thermal management system and the energy storage system achieve higher energy efficiency.

[0057] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A direct cooling thermal management system, used for thermal management of several thermal management objects; It includes a compressor, a condenser, a main circuit throttling device, a refrigerant flow divider and several evaporative heat exchangers; The compressor, the condenser, the main circuit throttling device and the refrigerant input end of the refrigerant flow divider are connected in sequence to form a refrigerant main circuit; The plurality of refrigerant output ends of the refrigerant splitter are respectively connected to the evaporative heat exchangers to form a plurality of refrigerant branches; After the refrigerant output ends of the evaporative heat exchangers converge, they converge into the refrigerant trunk line and are connected to the refrigerant input end of the compressor; Each of the evaporative heat exchangers is capable of performing heat exchange with the thermal management object; It is characterized in that Each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another refrigerant branch through at least one flow-sharing branch.

2. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a flow-sharing branch.

3. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After all the refrigerant branches are grouped, for each group of the refrigerant branches, there are: Each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a flow-sharing branch.

4. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a split-flow equalizing branch and a converging-flow equalizing branch alternately.

5. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: After all the refrigerant branches are grouped, for each group of the refrigerant branches, there are: Each of the refrigerant branches is connected to another adjacent refrigerant branch through a split-flow equalizing branch and a converging-flow equalizing branch alternately.

6. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the refrigerant branches includes: a primary refrigerant branch led from the refrigerant output end of the refrigerant splitter, and a plurality of secondary refrigerant branches led from the primary refrigerant branch after being split; The flow-sharing branch is connected to the secondary refrigerant branch.

7. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: At least one of the refrigerant branches is provided with a branch throttling device after the flow-sharing branch.

8. The direct cooling thermal management system according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a refrigerant heat regenerator; The refrigerant output side of the refrigerant main circuit is connected to one side of the refrigerant regenerator, and the refrigerant return side of the refrigerant main circuit is connected to the other side of the refrigerant regenerator.

9. A refrigerant adaptive balanced distribution method, characterized in that: Applied to the direct cooling thermal management system described in any one of claims 1 to 8, the method comprises: Driving the refrigerant to flow in sequence along the compressor, condenser, main line throttling device and refrigerant diverter of the refrigerant main line; The refrigerant flow divider distributes the refrigerant to each refrigerant branch; The refrigerant in each of the refrigerant branches flows evenly to another adjacent refrigerant branch through the flow-equalizing branch; The refrigerant in each of the refrigerant branches flows through the evaporative heat exchanger, merges into the refrigerant trunk line, and flows to the refrigerant input end of the compressor.

10. An energy storage system, characterized in that: It includes the direct cooling thermal management system described in any one of claims 1-8.

Images