A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method combining heat pump and cold and heat storage

Abstract

The present invention discloses a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used to perform temperature control and energy recovery during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of solid-state hydrogen storage materials, thereby improving the energy efficiency of the system. The system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit. During the hydrogen storage process, the system provides cold energy to the solid-state hydrogen storage material through a low-temperature liquid storage tank and a heat pump, while storing heat in a high-temperature liquid storage tank. During the desorption process, the system uses the stored heat to provide heat to the solid-state hydrogen storage material, while storing cold energy in a low-temperature liquid storage tank. By controlling the switching state of each valve, switching between different working modes can be achieved. The present invention also provides a single liquid storage tank solution, which further simplifies the system structure. The present invention realizes the efficient recovery and utilization of heat, significantly improves the energy efficiency of the system, reduces the energy consumption of the solid-state hydrogen storage process, and provides a new solution for the practical application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen energy storage and utilization, and relates to the thermal management of solid-state hydrogen storage systems. Specifically, it is a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump with cold and heat storage. Through the conversion and recovery of hot and cold energy during hydrogen absorption and desorption, efficient energy utilization and temperature control are achieved. Background Art

[0002] As a key link in the hydrogen energy industry chain, hydrogen storage technology's efficiency and safety directly impact the promotion and application of hydrogen energy. Therefore, research into efficient hydrogen storage technologies is urgently needed to effectively promote large-scale hydrogen energy applications. Among the many existing hydrogen storage technologies, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, while mature, presents certain safety risks due to its high-pressure operation. Furthermore, storage and transportation require high-strength, high-pressure-resistant materials and equipment, resulting in high costs. Furthermore, the volumetric hydrogen storage density of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is low, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale hydrogen energy applications. Cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage, which utilizes the liquefaction property of hydrogen at extremely low temperatures, can increase hydrogen storage density, but requires maintaining the liquid hydrogen at an ultra-low temperature, placing extremely high demands on insulation materials and cryogenic maintenance systems. During liquid hydrogen storage and transportation, the difficulty of maintaining a low temperature environment and evaporation losses result in low overall efficiency and high costs. Therefore, while cryogenic liquid hydrogen storage technology has some applications in certain specific areas, large-scale hydrogen energy applications still face significant technical and economic challenges.

[0003] Compared with high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage and low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, solid-state hydrogen storage, as an emerging hydrogen storage method, has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, excellent safety, and low storage and transportation pressure. It has become one of the most influential hydrogen storage technologies that major countries in the world are actively exploring and promoting. However, solid-state hydrogen storage is a reversible reaction process. The absorption of hydrogen by solid-state hydrogen storage materials is an exothermic process, and the release of hydrogen is an endothermic process. Therefore, during the hydrogen storage process, continuous external heat exchange is usually required to ensure that the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates are maintained at an appropriate level. Taking the hydrogen desorption process as an example, when the heat supplied by the outside world does not match the reaction heat, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the hydrogen desorption rate. In addition, because the pressure environment of the solid-state hydrogen storage material is different when absorbing and releasing hydrogen, the temperature required for the solid-state hydrogen storage material is different when the hydrogen absorption and release rates are stable and the maximum hydrogen absorption / desorption capacity is met. Taking the common type I and II hydrogen storage alloy TiFe 0.8 Mn 0.2 For example, the temperature required to absorb hydrogen is about 30°C, and the temperature required to release hydrogen is about 70°C.

[0004] At present, the main problems faced by solid-state hydrogen storage systems in terms of thermal management are: low energy utilization, insufficient heat utilization, non-recovery of heat released during the hydrogen absorption process, and high heat consumption during the hydrogen release process. In addition, due to the differences in temperature and pressure conditions required by the materials during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, the system design needs to meet the needs of cooling and heating at the same time, further increasing the design difficulty and operating costs of the system. At the same time, the thermal response characteristics of solid-state hydrogen storage materials also affect the overall efficiency of the hydrogen storage system. Since the absorption and release reaction of hydrogen is a strong exothermic and endothermic process, when the heat supplied by the outside does not match the reaction heat of the material, the material temperature may drop or rise rapidly, resulting in unstable hydrogen absorption and desorption rates.

[0005] In summary, despite the numerous advantages of solid-state hydrogen storage technology, such as high safety and high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, practical applications still face technical challenges such as complex thermal management, insufficient energy recovery, and low overall system energy efficiency. Therefore, improving the energy utilization of solid-state hydrogen storage systems, achieving efficient thermal management, coordinating temperature differences during hydrogen absorption and desorption, and effectively recovering and utilizing heat in the system are urgent technical challenges to be addressed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] (1) Purpose of the invention

[0007] In response to the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing solid-state hydrogen storage technologies during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, such as low energy utilization, insufficient thermal management efficiency, and high overall system energy consumption, the present invention aims to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump with cold and heat storage. By coupling the solid-state hydrogen storage system, the heat pump system, and cold and heat storage technology, the heat released by hydrogen absorption during the solid-state hydrogen storage process is recovered and further raised in temperature, which is then applied to the desorption process, thereby saving energy. At the same time, the present invention utilizes the heat pump system to maintain a constant temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, providing cooling and storing heat to the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption, and providing heat and storing cooling to the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen desorption, thus achieving a "one-machine, two-purpose" heat pump system, effectively reducing system energy consumption. Compared with traditional electric heating and cooling, the heat pump system significantly improves the energy utilization rate during the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes, providing a new solution for the practical application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0008] (2) Technical solution

[0009] In order to achieve the purpose of the invention and solve the technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0010] The first object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used to control the temperature and recover energy during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. The system comprises at least a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, a cold storage / cooling unit, and a heat storage / heating unit, wherein:

[0011] The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and is connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released;

[0012] The heat pump unit includes at least an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser, and the expansion valve are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The circulation of the heat pump working medium realizes the conversion of cooling and heat, and provides corresponding cooling or heat according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0013] The cold storage / cold supply unit is used to release cold energy during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store cold energy of the heat pump unit evaporator during the hydrogen release process. It at least includes a cryogenic liquid storage tank, a first control valve and a three-way valve I. The outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is connected to the hot side inlet of the evaporator through a pipeline. The hot side outlet of the evaporator is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with the first valve and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve I. The second interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank through a pipeline. The third interface of the three-way valve I is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline.

[0014] The heat storage / heat supply unit is used to release heat during the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store heat from the heat pump unit condenser during the hydrogen absorption process. It includes at least a high-temperature liquid storage tank, a second control valve and a three-way valve II. The outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is connected to the cold side inlet of the condenser through a pipeline. The cold side outlet of the condenser is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the second valve is provided on the first branch pipeline and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, and the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface of the three-way valve II. The second interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline, and the third interface of the three-way valve II is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank through a pipeline.

[0015] The second object of the present invention is to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage. Based on the above solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, the thermal management method includes:

[0016] First, the working mode is determined. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is determined whether the system is currently in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump startup, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump shutdown, the hydrogen release mode of the heat pump startup, or the standby mode;

[0017] When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the hydrogen absorption process and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and has sufficient cooling capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump shut down. At this time, the compressor is shut down to put the heat pump unit in the shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump is turned on and the high-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened, and the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve II are closed. The liquid working medium in the cryogenic liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after passing through the evaporator and the first valve to provide cooling capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the heated liquid working medium flows back to the cryogenic liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I;

[0018] When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the hydrogen absorption process and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid storage tank exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and there is insufficient cooling capacity, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is turned on to start the heat pump unit, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time. The first valve is opened, the second valve is closed, the first interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and its second interface and third interface are opened, the second interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and its first interface and third interface are opened. The liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and the temperature is reduced. After entering the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the first valve, it provides cooling capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The heated liquid working medium flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I to achieve circulating cooling. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and absorbs heat. After that, it flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II for heat storage.

[0019] When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and has sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor is turned off to put the heat pump unit in the shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump is turned on and the low-temperature drive pump is turned off, and the first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the first interface, the second interface and the third interface of the three-way valve I are closed, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and the second interface and the third interface thereof are opened. The liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit after passing through the condenser and the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and the cooled liquid working fluid flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II;

[0020] When the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor is started to put the heat pump unit into the startup state, and the low-temperature drive pump and the high-temperature drive pump are started at the same time. The first valve is closed, the second valve is opened, the third interface of the three-way valve I is closed, and its first interface and second interface are opened, the first interface of the three-way valve II is closed, and its second interface and third interface are opened. The liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the cold side of the condenser and the temperature is increased. After that, it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the second valve to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve II. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank is passed into the hot side of the evaporator and absorbs cold energy. After that, it flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank through the three-way valve I for cold storage.

[0021] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range. According to changes in ambient temperature, the heat pump unit, cold storage / cooling unit and heat storage / heating unit are started in time to adjust the temperature.

[0022] The third object of the present invention is to provide another solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold / heat storage, which is used to control the temperature and recover energy during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. The system includes at least a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit, wherein:

[0023] The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and is connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released;

[0024] The heat pump unit includes at least an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser, and the expansion valve are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The circulation of the heat pump working medium realizes the conversion of cooling and heat, and provides corresponding cooling or heat according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0025] The cold / heat storage unit includes a high and low temperature liquid storage tank, a low temperature drive pump, a high temperature drive pump, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve, and an eighth valve. A hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet are provided at the upper portion of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, and a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet are provided at the lower portion of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, wherein:

[0026] A low-temperature drive pump and a fourth valve are provided on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid. The outlet of the fourth valve is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the hot fluid inlet after passing through the cold side of the condenser, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve.

[0027] A high-temperature drive pump and a third valve are provided on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet. The outlet of the third valve is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve.

[0028] The fourth object of the present invention is to provide another solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage. Based on the second solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, the thermal management method includes:

[0029] First, the working mode is determined. According to the current status of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is determined whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode;

[0030] When the system is in hydrogen absorption mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature exceeds a preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are opened, the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working medium below the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank flows through the fourth valve and flows into the cold side of the condenser to absorb heat, and then flows into the upper part of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the heat after the temperature rises, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the sixth valve to continuously provide cold capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator through the seventh valve and flows into the lower part of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature drops;

[0031] When the system is in hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature is lower than a preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are opened, the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working medium above the high and low-temperature liquid storage tanks flows into the hot side of the evaporator after passing through the third valve to absorb cold energy and then flows into the bottom of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the cold energy after the temperature drops, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve to continuously provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and then enters the cold side of the condenser through the eighth valve and flows into the top of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature rises;

[0032] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0033] (3) Technical effects

[0034] Compared with the prior art, the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage of the present invention has the following beneficial and significant technical effects:

[0035] (1) The present invention achieves efficient management and recovery of cold and hot energy in the solid-state hydrogen storage system, improving the overall energy efficiency of the system. During the hydrogen storage process, the system raises the temperature of the heat released by the solid-state hydrogen storage material through a heat pump system and stores it in a high-temperature liquid storage tank. During the dehydrogenation process, this heat is used to provide the required heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material. This efficient energy recovery and utilization mechanism not only reduces the energy consumption during system operation, but also significantly improves the efficiency of energy use, effectively solving the problem of insufficient energy utilization in traditional solid-state hydrogen storage systems.

[0036] (2) The present invention achieves a "one machine, two uses" function through a heat pump system. During the hydrogen storage process, the heat pump system provides cooling for the solid hydrogen storage material; during the hydrogen release process, it provides heat. This flexible operating mode enables the system to adapt to the temperature requirements of the solid hydrogen storage material at different stages, improving the system's adaptability and efficiency.

[0037] (3) The cold and heat storage technology used in the present invention effectively solves the problem of different temperature requirements of solid hydrogen storage materials during hydrogen absorption and desorption. By storing liquids at different temperatures, the system can quickly provide heat or cold at the required temperature as needed, thereby achieving precise control of the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material. Compared with traditional electric heating and electric cooling methods, the present invention significantly reduces the energy consumption of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process. By combining the heat pump system with cold and heat storage technology, the system can utilize energy more efficiently and reduce the power consumption required for direct electric heating or electric cooling.

[0038] (4) The system design of the present invention has good flexibility and scalability. By controlling the on / off status of each valve, the system can switch between multiple operating modes, such as low-temperature liquid storage tank cooling, heat pump system cooling, high-temperature liquid storage tank heating, and heat pump system heating. This flexibility enables the system to adapt to different working conditions and needs. In addition, the single liquid storage tank solution provided by the present invention further simplifies the system structure and improves the system's integration and space utilization. This design not only reduces the complexity of the system, but also may reduce the system's initial investment and maintenance costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which constitute part of the present invention, are provided to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are provided to explain the present invention and do not constitute undue limitations thereon. The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0040] Figure 1 FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage provided in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 Schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump shut down;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 1 of the present invention when in a hydrogen absorption mode with the heat pump started;

[0043] Figure 4Schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 1 of the present invention when it is in a hydrogen release mode with the heat pump shut down;

[0044] Figure 5 Schematic diagram showing the working state of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 1 of the present invention when in a hydrogen release mode with the heat pump started;

[0045] Figure 6 FIG2 is a schematic diagram of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage provided by Example 2 of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Schematic diagram showing the working state of the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to Example 2 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram showing the working state of the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0048] Description of reference numerals:

[0049] 1-evaporator; 2-compressor; 3-condenser; 4-expansion valve; 5-low-temperature liquid storage tank; 6-low-temperature drive pump; 7-high-temperature liquid storage tank; 8-high-temperature drive pump; 9-hydrogen storage tank; 10-first valve; 11-second valve; 12-three-way valve I; 13-three-way valve II; 14-first interface of three-way valve I; 15-second interface of three-way valve I; 16-third interface of three-way valve I; 17-first interface of three-way valve II; 18-second interface of three-way valve II; 19-third interface of three-way valve II; 20-solid-state hydrogen storage material; 21-hydrogen; 22-third valve; 23-fourth valve; 24-fifth valve; 25-sixth valve; 26-seventh valve; 27-eighth valve; 28-high and low-temperature liquid storage tanks. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0051] The present invention aims to provide a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system and method that combines a heat pump with cold and heat storage. By coupling the solid-state hydrogen storage system, the heat pump system, and cold and heat storage technology, the heat released during hydrogen absorption in the solid-state hydrogen storage process is recovered and the temperature is further increased, which is then applied to the dehydrogenation process, thereby saving energy. At the same time, the present invention utilizes a heat pump system to maintain a constant temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation, providing cooling and storing heat to the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption, and providing heat and storing cooling to the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen dehydrogenation, thus achieving a "one-machine, two-purpose" heat pump system, effectively reducing system energy consumption. Compared to traditional electric heating and cooling, the system significantly improves the energy utilization rate during hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation, providing a new solution for the practical application of solid-state hydrogen storage technology.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] As a specific example, embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used to control the temperature and recover energy during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a solid hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, a cold storage / cold supply unit and a heat storage / heat supply unit, wherein:

[0054] The solid-state hydrogen storage unit includes a hydrogen storage tank 9, a solid-state hydrogen storage material 20 enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank 9, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 9 and connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released;

[0055] The heat pump unit includes an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4. The cold side of the evaporator 1, the compressor 2, the hot side of the condenser 3 and the expansion valve 4 are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The circulation of the heat pump working medium realizes the conversion of cooling and heat, and provides corresponding cooling or heat according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0056] A cold storage / cold supply unit, which is used to release cold energy during the hydrogen absorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store cold energy from the evaporator of the heat pump unit during the hydrogen release process, comprises at least a cryogenic liquid storage tank 5, a first control valve 10, and a three-way valve I 12. The outlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 is connected to the hot side inlet of the evaporator 1 through a pipeline. The hot side outlet of the evaporator 1 is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with a first valve 10 and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I 12, the second interface 15 of the three-way valve I 12 is connected to the inlet of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 through a pipeline, and the third interface 16 of the three-way valve I 12 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline;

[0057] The heat storage / heat supply unit is used to release heat during the hydrogen release process of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and absorb and store heat from the condenser of the heat pump unit during the hydrogen absorption process. It includes at least a high-temperature liquid storage tank 7, a second control valve 11 and a three-way valve II13. The outlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is connected to the cold side inlet of the condenser 3 through a pipeline. The cold side outlet of the condenser 3 is provided with two branch pipelines, wherein the first branch pipeline is provided with a second valve 11 and is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit, the end of the second branch pipeline is connected to the first interface 17 of the three-way valve II13, the second interface 18 of the three-way valve II13 is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through a pipeline, and the third interface 19 of the three-way valve II13 is connected to the inlet of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through a pipeline.

[0058] Preferably, the system also includes a low-temperature drive pump 6 for driving the circulation of liquid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 and a high-temperature drive pump 8 for driving the circulation of liquid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7, and the number of the low-temperature drive pump 6 and the high-temperature drive pump 8 can be one or more. When there are more than one, they can be arranged in parallel or in series. The drive pump can be a volumetric pump, a dynamic pump and other types of pumps or a combination of the above three pumps.

[0059] The solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage in an embodiment of the present invention first determines the working mode during operation. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it determines whether the system is currently in a hydrogen absorption mode when the heat pump is stopped, a hydrogen absorption mode when the heat pump is started, a hydrogen release mode when the heat pump is stopped, a hydrogen release mode when the heat pump is started, or a standby mode.

[0060] like Figure 2 As shown, when the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the hydrogen absorption process and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 is lower than the preset upper limit temperature and has sufficient cooling capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned off to put the heat pump unit in the shutdown state, the low-temperature drive pump 6 is turned on and the high-temperature drive pump 8 is turned off, and the first valve 10 is opened, the second valve 11 is closed, the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 thereof are opened, and the first interface 17, the second interface 18 and the third interface 19 of the three-way valve II 13 are closed. The liquid working medium in the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 after passing through the evaporator 1 and the first valve 10 to provide cooling capacity for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20. The heated liquid working medium flows back to the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 through the three-way valve I 12.

[0061] like Figure 3As shown, when the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the hydrogen absorption process and the temperature of the cryogenic liquid storage tank 5 exceeds the preset upper limit temperature and there is not enough cooling capacity to provide, the system operates in the hydrogen absorption mode of heat pump startup. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned on to start the heat pump unit, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 and the high-temperature drive pump 8 are started at the same time. The first valve 10 is opened, the second valve 11 is closed, the first interface 14 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, and the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 thereof are opened, the second interface 18 of the three-way valve II 13 is closed, and the first interface 17 and the third interface thereof are opened. 19. The liquid working fluid in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 flows into the hot side of the evaporator 1, where its temperature drops. It then flows through the first valve 10 into the heat exchange line of the hydrogen storage tank 9, providing cooling for the solid hydrogen storage material 20. The heated liquid working fluid then flows back through the three-way valve I 12 to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5, achieving circulating cooling. By continuously converting electrical energy into cooling, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material 20 is maintained. Simultaneously, the liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 flows into the cold side of the condenser 3, absorbing heat before flowing back through the three-way valve II 13 to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 for heat storage. This process repeats, continuously increasing the temperature of the liquid working fluid in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 and converting electrical energy into heat for storage.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, when the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the dehydrogenation process and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is higher than the preset lower limit temperature and has sufficient heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode of the heat pump shutdown. At this time, the compressor 2 is turned off to put the heat pump unit in the shutdown state, the high-temperature drive pump 8 is turned on and the low-temperature drive pump 6 is turned off, and the first valve 10 is closed, the second valve 11 is opened, the first interface 14, the second interface 15 and the third interface 16 of the three-way valve I 12 are closed, the first interface 17 of the three-way valve II 13 is closed, and its second interface 18 and the third interface 19 are opened. The liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 after passing through the condenser 3 and the second valve 11 to provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through the three-way valve II 13.

[0063] like Figure 5As shown, when the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is in the process of dehydrogenation and the temperature of the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is lower than the preset lower limit temperature and there is not enough heat to provide, the system operates in the dehydrogenation mode started by the heat pump. At this time, the compressor 2 is started to put the heat pump unit in the starting state, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 and the high-temperature drive pump 8 are started at the same time. The first valve 10 is closed, the second valve 11 is opened, the third port 16 of the three-way valve I 12 is closed, the first port 14 and the second port 15 are opened, the first port 17 of the three-way valve II 13 is closed, the second port 18 and the third port 19 are opened, and the liquid working medium in the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 is discharged. After the temperature is increased by entering the cold side of the condenser 3, it enters the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the second valve 11 to provide heat for the solid hydrogen storage material 20. The cooled liquid working medium flows back to the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 through the three-way valve II 13. This process is repeated, continuously converting electrical energy into heat to maintain the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage material 20. At the same time, the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 is passed into the hot side of the evaporator 1 and absorbs cold energy. It then flows back to the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 through the three-way valve I 12 to store cold. This process is repeated, and the temperature of the liquid working medium in the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 is continuously reduced, converting electrical energy into cold energy for storage.

[0064] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range. According to changes in ambient temperature, the heat pump unit, cold storage / cooling unit and heat storage / heating unit are started in time to adjust the temperature.

[0065] Preferably, the heat pump unit can be a steam compression heat pump, an absorption heat pump, an adsorption heat pump, a steam jet heat pump, a thermoelectric heat pump, etc., and the operating temperature can be between -100°C and 650°C; the heat pump working fluid can be composed of one or more of refrigerant, argon, helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and air, and the working fluid state can be liquid, gaseous, or a gas-liquid mixed state.

[0066] Preferably, in the heat pump unit, the type of compressor 2 can be piston type, rotor type, scroll type, screw type, centrifugal type or axial flow type, and its pressure ratio is between 3 and 20. The number of compressors can be 1 or more, and when there are more than 1, they can be arranged in parallel or in series; the heat exchanger structure of the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 can be shell and tube type, sleeve type, plate type, spiral plate type, immersed type, etc.

[0067] Preferably, the low-temperature liquid storage tank 5 and the high-temperature liquid storage tank 7 can be cylindrical, spherical or rectangular. When there are multiple liquid storage tanks, the arrangement can be in parallel, in series or a combination of the two; both the high-temperature liquid storage tank and the low-temperature liquid storage tank need to adopt good insulation measures; and the operating temperature of the cold storage / cold supply unit and the heat storage / heat supply unit can be between -100°C and 650°C.

[0068] Example 2

[0069] This embodiment 2 provides another structural form and arrangement of a solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system that combines a heat pump and cold and heat storage, which is used to control the temperature and recover energy during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process of the solid-state hydrogen storage material, thereby improving the energy utilization rate of the system. Figure 6 As shown, the system includes at least a solid hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit. Specifically:

[0070] The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank 9, a solid-state hydrogen storage material 20 enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank 9, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank 9 and is connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released;

[0071] The heat pump unit includes at least an evaporator 1, a compressor 2, a condenser 3 and an expansion valve 4. The cold side of the evaporator 1, the compressor 2, the hot side of the condenser 3 and the expansion valve 4 are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The circulation of the heat pump working medium realizes the conversion of cooling and heat, and provides corresponding cooling or heat according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit.

[0072] The cold / heat storage unit includes at least a high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28, a low temperature drive pump 6, a high temperature drive pump 8, a third valve 22, a fourth valve 23, a fifth valve 24, a sixth valve 25, a seventh valve 26 and an eighth valve 27. The upper part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 is provided with at least a hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet, and the lower part of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 is provided with at least a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet, wherein:

[0073] A low-temperature drive pump 6 and a fourth valve 23 are provided on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid. The outlet of the fourth valve 23 is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the hot fluid inlet after passing through the cold side of the condenser 3. The second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve 25. The third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve 27.

[0074] A high-temperature drive pump 8 and a third valve 22 are provided on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet. The outlet of the third valve 22 is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator 1, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve 24, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve 26.

[0075] When the system is running, it first determines the working mode. According to the current state of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it determines whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode.

[0076] When the system is in hydrogen storage (hydrogen absorption) mode, Figure 7 As shown, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when its temperature exceeds a preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve 23, the sixth valve 25, and the seventh valve 26 are opened, the third valve 22, the fifth valve 24, and the eighth valve 27 are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump 6 is started at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working medium below the high and low-temperature liquid storage tanks 28 passes through the fourth valve 23 and flows into the cold side of the condenser 3 to absorb heat and then flow into the top of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 to store the heat after the temperature rises. The other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the sixth valve 25 to continuously provide cooling for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator 1 through the seventh valve 26 and flows into the bottom of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank 28 after the temperature drops.

[0077] like Figure 8 As shown, when the system is in hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when its temperature is lower than the preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve 22, the fifth valve 24, and the eighth valve 27 are opened, the fourth valve 23, the sixth valve 25, and the seventh valve 26 are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump 8 is turned on at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working fluid above the high and low temperature liquid storage tanks 28 flows into the hot side of the evaporator 1 after passing through the third valve 22 to absorb cold energy and flow into the bottom of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 after the temperature drops and stores the cold energy, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank 9 through the fifth valve 24 to continuously provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material 20, and then enters the cold side of the condenser 3 through the eighth valve 27 and flows into the top of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank 28 after the temperature rises.

[0078] When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

[0079] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art will be able to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein with equivalents. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold / heat storage, comprising at least a solid-state hydrogen storage unit, a heat pump unit, and a cold / heat storage unit, characterized in that: The solid-state hydrogen storage unit comprises at least a hydrogen storage tank, a solid-state hydrogen storage material enclosed in the hydrogen storage tank, and a heat exchange pipeline whose main body is arranged in the hydrogen storage tank and is connected to an external pipeline, and is used to release heat when hydrogen is absorbed and absorb heat when hydrogen is released; The heat pump unit includes at least an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, and an expansion valve. The cold side of the evaporator, the compressor, the hot side of the condenser, and the expansion valve are sequentially connected by pipelines to form a closed heat pump working medium circulation loop. The circulation of the heat pump working medium realizes the conversion of cooling and heat, and provides corresponding cooling or heat according to the temperature requirement of the solid hydrogen storage unit. The cold / heat storage unit includes a high and low temperature liquid storage tank, a low temperature drive pump, a high temperature drive pump, a third valve, a fourth valve, a fifth valve, a sixth valve, a seventh valve, and an eighth valve. A hot fluid inlet and a hot fluid outlet are provided at the upper portion of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, and a cold fluid inlet and a cold fluid outlet are provided at the lower portion of the high and low temperature liquid storage tank, wherein: A low-temperature drive pump and a fourth valve are provided on the pipeline at the outlet of the cold fluid. The outlet of the fourth valve is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the hot fluid inlet after passing through the cold side of the condenser, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the sixth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the eighth valve. A high-temperature drive pump and a third valve are provided on the pipeline at the hot fluid outlet. The outlet of the third valve is provided with three branch pipelines. The first branch pipeline is connected to the cold fluid inlet after passing through the hot side of the evaporator, the second branch pipeline is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the fifth valve, and the third branch pipeline is connected to the outlet of the heat exchange pipeline of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit through the seventh valve.

2. A solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management method combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage, based on the solid-state hydrogen storage thermal management system combining a heat pump and cold and heat storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal management method, when implemented, includes: First, the working mode is determined. According to the current status of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit and user needs, it is determined whether the system is currently in hydrogen absorption mode, hydrogen release mode or standby mode; When the system is in hydrogen absorption mode, the temperature of the solid hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature exceeds a preset upper limit, the heat pump unit is started and the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are opened, the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are closed, and the low-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the low-temperature liquid working medium below the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank flows through the fourth valve and flows into the cold side of the condenser to absorb heat, and then flows into the upper part of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the heat after the temperature rises, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the sixth valve to continuously provide cold capacity for the solid hydrogen storage material, and then enters the hot side of the evaporator through the seventh valve and flows into the lower part of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature drops; When the system is in hydrogen release mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored and when the temperature is lower than a preset lower limit, the heat pump unit is started and the third valve, the fifth valve and the eighth valve are opened, the fourth valve, the sixth valve and the seventh valve are closed, and the high-temperature drive pump is started at the same time, so that the high-temperature liquid working medium above the high and low-temperature liquid storage tanks flows into the hot side of the evaporator after passing through the third valve to absorb cold energy and then flows into the bottom of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank to store the cold energy after the temperature drops, and the other part flows into the heat exchange pipeline of the hydrogen storage tank through the fifth valve to continuously provide heat for the solid-state hydrogen storage material, and then enters the cold side of the condenser through the eighth valve and flows into the top of the high and low-temperature liquid storage tank after the temperature rises; When the system is in standby mode, the temperature of the solid-state hydrogen storage unit is monitored in real time to keep it within the preset optimal operating temperature range, and the heat pump unit and cold / heat storage unit are started in time to adjust the temperature according to changes in ambient temperature.

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