A carbon measurement system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration

Abstract

The present invention discloses a carbon measurement system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration, which includes a carbon measurement terminal, a carbon measurement security pipeline, a carbon measurement edge cloud, and a carbon measurement central cloud; the carbon measurement edge cloud includes an enterprise-side edge cloud, a government regulatory agency-side edge cloud, a third-party certification agency-side edge cloud, and a financial institution edge cloud, and all four are nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger; the carbon measurement edge cloud stores the real-time carbon emission source raw data in the distributed ledger and migrates it upward to the carbon measurement central cloud. The carbon measurement central cloud uses the raw data as a sample to train the carbon measurement algorithm model regularly. If the difference in the model parameters obtained from the training exceeds a preset threshold, the training parameters are updated, and the model and the new parameters are sent to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud promptly updates the calculation parameters for accounting and sends the calculation results for real-time display. This solution optimizes the balance between resource allocation and calculation, with flexible scheduling and fast response.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon measurement, and relates to a carbon measurement system based on cloud-edge-end collaboration. Background Art

[0002] Cloud computing technology provides powerful computing capabilities with inexpensive and large numbers of computing servers, and can provide users and applications with rich computing resources and storage resources for on-demand access. However, cloud computing is not suitable for applications that require low latency, real-time operation, and high QoS (Quality of Service), and cannot support seamless mobility and ubiquitous computing coverage. Data security and user privacy cannot be effectively guaranteed either. Edge computing is close to end users and geographically dispersed, and can support application services with low latency, location awareness, high mobility, and high QoS. However, edge computing units usually do not have sufficient computing resources and storage resources to meet the computing and storage of massive data, and affected by constraints such as low power consumption, heterogeneity, and single function of edge nodes, the quality and reliability of services will also be affected. Cloud computing and edge computing, as two typical computing paradigms, each have their own advantages and disadvantages. Relying solely on cloud computing or edge computing is not enough to realize the vision of the Internet of Things and 5G communication. Therefore, it is necessary to give full play to the advantages of cloud computing and edge computing through a suitable network architecture and control mechanism to achieve computing collaboration.

[0003] Cloud-edge-terminal collaboration means achieving the collaborative linkage of edge computing, cloud computing, and terminals to jointly release the value of data. The traditional cloud-edge collaboration method is mainly that when terminal devices generate data or task requests, the data is uploaded to the edge server through the edge network, and the edge server located in the edge computing center executes the computing tasks. Edge devices are constantly generating massive amounts of data. As the amount and variety of data increase, the traditional "data collection - data preprocessing - data analysis" approach can no longer meet the requirements of edge data processing in carbon measurement application scenarios. It cannot well meet the real-time processing of massive data for carbon measurement and carbon emission management. CN118336930A, "Power Carbon Emission Early Warning and Response System", discloses a power carbon emission early warning and response system that mainly uses prediction algorithms to regulate parameters and feedback to the response system to solve problems such as reaction lag and insufficient early warning when traditional technologies process carbon emission data. However, this patent only provides a theoretically feasible method, without considering the difficulty of implementing this method, the requirements for hardware computing power during its operation, nor how to allocate resources such as computing power and storage during the operation of the entire system. This is a common problem in the existing technology, specifically as follows: 1. The carbon accounting algorithms proposed often have relatively high implementation difficulty and high hardware requirements; 2. In the entire system, either the computing is concentrated at the edge end, resulting in high computing pressure at the edge end, or it is concentrated in the cloud center, causing data distribution delays and system reaction lags; 3. The issue of computing power balance has not been fully considered, and it is often a technical difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a carbon measurement system and its scheduling method based on cloud-edge-terminal collaboration in view of the deficiencies of the existing technology. This method is based on cloud-edge-terminal collaboration, optimizes the balance between resource allocation and computing, and can practically improve the response speed and real-time performance of carbon measurement on the existing hardware basis.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A carbon measurement system based on cloud, pipe, edge, and terminal collaboration, comprising: a carbon measurement terminal, a carbon measurement security pipeline, a carbon measurement edge cloud, and a carbon measurement central cloud; the carbon measurement terminal includes a data acquisition sensor, a display terminal, and an edge gateway. The data acquisition sensor is used to collect carbon emission source data and forward it to the carbon measurement edge cloud through the carbon measurement security pipeline. The edge gateway is used to re-arrange heterogeneous data that cannot be directly parsed by the carbon measurement edge cloud and then transmit it to the carbon measurement edge cloud; the carbon measurement edge cloud includes an enterprise-side edge cloud, a government regulatory agency-side edge cloud, a third-party certification agency-side edge cloud, and a financial institution edge cloud, all of which are nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger; the carbon measurement central cloud is provided with industry enterprise greenhouse gas emission accounting methods, international and domestic mainstream accounting standard libraries, and a variety of accounting algorithm models, and is updated regularly. The carbon measurement edge cloud stores the real-time carbon emission source raw data in the distributed ledger and migrates it upward to the carbon measurement central cloud. The carbon measurement central cloud uses the raw data as a sample to train the carbon measurement algorithm model at regular intervals. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds a preset threshold, the training parameters are updated, and the model and new parameters are sent to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud promptly updates the calculation parameters for accounting and sends the real-time calculation results to the display terminal to complete real-time display.

[0007] In the above technical solution, further, the carbon measurement central cloud regularly completes carbon accounting algorithm training and decides whether to send the trained model and parameters to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the carbon measurement terminal and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the carbon measurement security pipeline for display. When calculating, the carbon measurement edge cloud performs business execution and optimization processing according to the new business rules calculated and issued by the carbon measurement central cloud; users can export carbon inventory reports on the carbon measurement terminal device and can independently choose whether to report the carbon inventory reports to the carbon measurement central cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

[0008] Further, a calculation complexity prediction unit is provided in the carbon measurement edge cloud. After calculating the complexity, complex calculation tasks are migrated upward from the carbon measurement edge cloud to the carbon measurement central cloud for calculation. After the carbon measurement central cloud completes data analysis, the results and data are stored in the carbon measurement central cloud, or the calculation results, optimized output business rules, model, and parameters are sent to the carbon measurement edge cloud.

[0009] Further, the carbon measurement security pipeline realizes data transmission functions based on the 4G / 5G network or local Ethernet of the mobile Internet. For data acquisition sensors connected by Ethernet cable, they use Ethernet ports to transmit through the local area network. For data acquisition sensors without Ethernet ports, they use the 4G / 5G network for transmission. The data in the channel uses AES+RSA encryption technology to achieve encryption and decryption. In addition to the data itself, the transmitted data also includes the MD5 check value of this packet of data. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 check value using the MD5 check method to determine the integrity and correctness of this packet of data.

[0010] Further, a carbon measurement management cloud platform is correspondingly provided in the carbon measurement center cloud, including operation and maintenance management, statistical analysis, blockchain storage and certification, and standard library management modules. Among them, the operation and maintenance management module is used to configure and update the carbon measurement accounting method, carbon accounting boundary, and emission correlation relationship. The blockchain storage and certification module is used to record data on the blockchain, so that each piece of data on the chain passes through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure the security and anti-tampering of the data. The standard library management module is used to update carbon measurement-related standards. The statistical analysis module is used to statistically analyze carbon emission data as needed to extract the value of carbon data.

[0011] Further, a carbon measurement edge management platform is provided in the enterprise-side edge cloud. For carbon data that cannot be collected by carbon measurement terminals or carbon activity data that does not have online collection conditions, manual filling is used to fill in the specific data into the carbon measurement edge management platform, and the nodes on the blockchain vote to decide whether to go on the chain.

[0012] Further, the government regulatory agency-side edge cloud is used for the government regulatory agency to view the carbon emission data of each enterprise in real time. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit, a prompt and warning can be issued.

[0013] Further, the third-party certification agency-side edge cloud is used to provide the data source for carbon measurement certification to institutions that have obtained carbon measurement certification qualifications. The institution obtains the original carbon emission data of an enterprise and conducts relevant measurements or calculations to give a certification result.

[0014] Further, the financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used for financial institutions to conduct carbon sink business. For enterprises with carbon emissions exceeding the limit, they can purchase carbon emissions through this cloud platform for carbon sink business. After purchase, their annual allowable carbon emissions increase. The financial institution calculates based on its actual carbon emissions, the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises, and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and records the transaction information of carbon sink transactions of each enterprise into the blockchain.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] The present invention proposes a carbon measurement system and a scheduling method based on cloud-pipeline-edge-terminal collaboration. The entire system optimizes the balance between resource allocation and computing, facilitates implementation, and has flexible scheduling. It can accelerate the speed of real-time data processing and the response speed of the carbon measurement system, and achieve trustworthy carbon measurement for enterprises throughout the whole process from "activity data collection - accounting method association - emission boundary management - online emission monitoring". BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural block diagram of the carbon measurement system based on cloud-pipeline-edge-terminal collaboration of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 It is a task collaborative scheduling flowchart of the carbon measurement system.

[0019] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the working process of the cloud-pipeline-edge-terminal collaborative computing architecture.

[0020] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of decoupling storage and computing through virtual machines in the system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0021] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the following will describe the specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to fully understand the present invention. However, the present invention can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein. Those skilled in the art can make similar improvements without departing from the connotation of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited by the specific embodiments disclosed below. The technical features in various embodiments of the present invention can be combined correspondingly without conflict.

[0022] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a carbon measurement system based on cloud-pipeline-edge-terminal collaboration, including: a carbon measurement center cloud, a carbon measurement edge cloud, a carbon measurement security pipeline, and a carbon measurement terminal. By distributing part of the computing and data processing from the central cloud to the edge server closer to the carbon measurement terminal device, the balance between resource allocation and computing is optimized. The carbon measurement system realizes global task scheduling intelligent collaborative management through the cloud training-edge inference mode, supports the release, update, and promotion of multiple models, forms a complete model closed-loop, provides a high-reliability mechanism for edge services, and ensures the secure transmission of edge node application data to the cloud. It can achieve trustworthy carbon measurement for enterprises throughout the whole process from "activity data collection - accounting method association - emission boundary management - online emission monitoring". This system and its scheduling method can become a new bridge for enterprises to build and enhance industry influence and achieve green and low-carbon transformation.

[0023] In the system of the present invention, the global task scheduling process is as follows Figure 2 as shown below, specifically including the following:

[0024] The carbon measurement center cloud is responsible for training the carbon accounting algorithm, and sending the trained model and parameters to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The edge cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the carbon measurement terminals, and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the carbon measurement security pipeline for display to the user. When calculating, the edge cloud calculates according to the new model and parameters sent by the carbon measurement center cloud, and processes the data according to the optimized data processing rules. Users can export the carbon inventory report on the carbon measurement terminal device, and can independently choose whether to report the carbon inventory report to the carbon measurement center cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

[0025] There is a calculation complexity prediction unit in the carbon measurement edge cloud. After the calculation complexity is judged, for calculation tasks with large calculation amounts and high complexities, the carbon measurement edge cloud will migrate them upward to the carbon measurement cloud center through the Internet for calculation. After the carbon measurement center cloud completes the big data analysis, it will store the results and data in the carbon measurement cloud center, or send the calculation results, optimized data processing rules, accounting models and parameters to the carbon measurement edge cloud through the Internet.

[0026] Edge devices are constantly generating massive amounts of data. As the amount of data grows larger and the types of data become more diverse, the traditional "data collection - data preprocessing - data analysis" approach can no longer meet the requirements of the carbon measurement application scenario for edge data processing. The carbon measurement system in the present invention adopts an intelligent scheduling method of "cloud training + edge inference": after collecting massive data on the carbon measurement edge side, it is cleaned and preprocessed locally and then uploaded to the central cloud, and the powerful computing power of the cloud is used to train the carbon measurement model; after the cloud completes the training, it sends the model to the edge side for local intelligent inference decision-making, improving the accuracy and efficiency of edge-side data analysis and processing, ensuring the accurate collection of the training data set and the quality of data preprocessing, thus forming a virtuous cycle, effectively improving the data usage efficiency, and further enhancing the data application effect.

[0027] In the carbon measurement system of the present invention, the specific functions of each module are as follows:

[0028] The carbon measurement cloud center deploys a carbon measurement management cloud platform, which embeds the greenhouse gas emission accounting methods for enterprises in 24 industries announced by the National Development and Reform Commission, as well as mainstream accounting standard libraries at home and abroad such as ISO 14064, ISO 14067, PAS 2050, and ISO 16745. At the same time, it supports various accounting forms, namely accounting algorithm models, such as the emission factor method, material balance method, and measurement method. The main functional blocks of the carbon measurement management cloud platform are: operation and maintenance management, permission management, statistical analysis, blockchain storage and certification, standard library management, and enterprise low-carbon services. The "operation and maintenance management" module realizes the configuration of activity data items of carbon emission sources, carbon measurement accounting methods, carbon accounting boundaries (including enterprise information, accounting units, carbon emission sources, key emission facilities, etc.), association relationships, industry attributes, emission categories, emission source types, etc., as well as functions such as algorithm model training and model distribution. Among them, the blockchain storage and certification means that data can be recorded on the blockchain, and each piece of data on the blockchain is confirmed by each node on the blockchain through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain, so that the whole network can confirm to ensure the security and anti-tampering of the data. The association relationship refers to the relationship used to set or record the association between each carbon emission source and other carbon emission sources. Newly introduced carbon measurement-related standards at home and abroad need to be newly added in a timely manner in the "standard library management" to ensure the accuracy of accounting. The country updates the carbon emission factors of different regions and different carbon emission sources every few years, and these data need to be updated to the "standard library management" in a timely manner. The embedded algorithms are continuously iterated and increased, and newly studied carbon accounting algorithms will be embedded in the cloud platform in a timely manner. "Statistical analysis" organically combines the total carbon emissions, direct emissions, indirect emissions, and other indirect emissions, and uses mature data processing and big data analysis technologies, as well as data mining algorithms to extract the value of carbon data.

[0029] Carbon metering edge cloud, including enterprise edge cloud, government regulatory agency edge cloud, third-party certification agency edge cloud, and financial institution edge cloud (involving carbon sink business), are all nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger, which can prevent carbon metering data from being tampered with and ensure data security and reliability. A carbon metering edge management platform is deployed on the enterprise edge cloud to realize functions such as viewing the collected real-time data of carbon emission sources and carbon emissions, quota management, ledger reporting, enterprise inventory, and manual reporting. For carbon data that cannot be collected by the carbon metering collection terminal or carbon activity data that does not meet the conditions for online collection, manual reporting can be used to fill in specific data into the carbon metering edge management platform to ensure that carbon accounting data is not missed. For manually filled data, each node on the blockchain must vote to decide whether to put it on the chain. For manually reported data with high accuracy and recognized by the industry, each node has a high degree of alignment recognition, and naturally the number of votes is also high. The government regulatory agency edge cloud is used by government regulatory agencies to regularly check the carbon emission data of each enterprise. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit (that is, exceed the total amount of carbon emissions that the government allows the enterprise to emit annually), a prompt and warning will be issued, and the government regulatory agency can punish it and order it to make rectifications. The third-party certification agency edge cloud is the data source for carbon measurement certification by institutions that have obtained national carbon measurement certification qualifications. The agency obtains the original carbon emission data of a certain enterprise and uses methods approved by relevant national departments to perform relevant measurements or calculations, and gives the recognition results. Financial institution edge cloud (involving carbon sink business). The financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used by financial institutions for carbon sink business. For enterprises whose carbon emissions exceed the national limit, they can purchase a certain amount of carbon emissions through carbon sink business. After the purchase, their annual carbon emissions will increase. Financial institutions can calculate based on their actual carbon emissions and the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and record the transaction information of carbon sink transactions of each enterprise into the blockchain. The carbon metering edge cloud computing center calculates according to the model and parameters sent by the central cloud, and sends the real-time calculation results to the carbon metering display terminal for real-time display. The carbon metering edge cloud stores the raw data of carbon emission sources collected in real time in the distributed ledger, and migrates it to the carbon metering central cloud through the Internet. The central cloud uses the raw data as a sample to regularly train the carbon metering algorithm model. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds the preset threshold, the training parameters are updated and the new parameters are sent to the edge cloud. The edge cloud updates the calculation parameters in time to ensure the accuracy of carbon metering. Since the task of regularly updating training parameters requires massive data, low real-time requirements, and large computing power, it is completed by the central cloud. Carbon metering edge-side applications require rapid response and rapid deployment to obtain the best business experience.The carbon measurement edge management platform and related services utilize technologies such as containers and microservices to quickly deploy and upgrade applications, achieving the management and operation and maintenance of carbon measurement edge applications.

[0030] The carbon measurement security pipeline adopts AES+RSA encryption technology and MD5 verification method to achieve the security protection of data transmission between the carbon measurement edge cloud and the carbon measurement collection terminal. The carbon measurement security pipeline is based on the 4G / 5G network of the mobile Internet or the local area Ethernet to achieve the data transmission function. For the collection terminal that can achieve wired connection of Ethernet, use the Ethernet port to transmit through the local area network; for the collection terminal without an Ethernet port, use the 4G / 5G network to transmit. In other words, the channel of the carbon measurement security pipeline is the 4G / 5G / Ethernet network. The data in the channel uses AES+RSA encryption technology to achieve encryption and decryption. The transmitted data includes not only the data itself but also the MD5 verification value of this packet of data. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 verification value using the MD5 verification method to judge the integrity and correctness of this packet of data. In this solution, the MD5 verification method is used. Compared with the CRC verification, which is a commonly used data verification method in the collector, it is more suitable for this carbon measurement system. Although the CRC verification has a fast calculation speed and can meet the need for rapid acquisition of a large amount of data at the terminal, the CRC verification cannot verify whether a packet is lost. It can only verify whether this packet of data is complete. In the present invention, the MD5 verification method is adopted in the carbon measurement security pipeline because the data generation frequency of the carbon measurement terminal is not particularly high, and the carbon measurement has higher requirements for the accuracy and continuity of the original data. Adopting the MD5 verification can not only verify whether this packet of data is complete but also verify whether packets are lost between packets. The 4G / 5G network in the carbon measurement security pipeline uses the directed IP technology, that is, it allows certain fixed IPs to access the terminal, which can effectively isolate the attack of illegal IP addresses on the collection terminal and greatly reduce the risk of data theft. The carbon measurement security pipeline is a local area network or the 4G / 5G network based on a mobile base station, and only some users can access it. The Internet is a public network that everyone can access.

[0031] The carbon measurement terminal includes a data collection sensor, a display terminal, and an edge gateway. The collection sensor collects carbon emission source data and forwards the data to the carbon measurement edge cloud through the carbon measurement security pipeline (Internet / 4G / 5G). The edge cloud performs inference calculations based on the existing model and sends the calculation results to the display terminal. The actual carbon emissions, energy resource consumption, operation of key equipment, and energy conservation and emission reduction can be clearly seen on the display terminal, providing strong support for the management department to discover and solve problems in a timely manner. The edge gateway is equivalent to an edge micro-server, which rearranges the massive heterogeneous data that cannot be directly parsed by the edge cloud and transmits it to the carbon measurement edge cloud according to the transmission protocol (such as MQTT) of the carbon measurement edge cloud.

[0032] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 3 shown, the working process of a specific carbon metering system based on cloud-edge-end collaboration can be as follows:

[0033] The carbon metering edge cloud has an edge server, which includes an edge data storage module, a lightweight data processing module, a decision-making module, and an edge data dictionary. Its processing process is as follows:

[0034] a) The carbon metering terminal device sends the collected data to the edge data storage module;

[0035] b) The lightweight data processing module obtains the corresponding data from the edge data storage module according to the user's requirements;

[0036] c) The lightweight data processing module performs lightweight big data analysis according to the model parameters provided by the edge data dictionary module and synchronizes it to the edge data dictionary module;

[0037] d) The decision-making module feeds back according to the result processed by the lightweight data processing module to the intelligent metering terminal to execute corresponding control.

[0038] In the carbon metering central cloud, there is a remote central cloud server, which includes a cloud data storage module, a heavyweight data processing module, and a cloud data dictionary. Its processing process is as follows:

[0039] a) The edge server synchronizes the incremental data to the cloud data storage module;

[0040] b) The heavyweight data processing module obtains the corresponding data from the cloud data storage module according to the user's requirements;

[0041] c) The heavyweight data processing module performs heavyweight big data analysis according to the model parameters provided by the cloud data dictionary module and synchronizes it to the remote data dictionary module;

[0042] d) The remote data dictionary module synchronizes the data with the edge data dictionary module according to specific requirements.

[0043] The edge server and the remote central cloud server will regularly analyze and mine the stored data, so as to update the data dictionary to ensure the accuracy of the decision-making message.

[0044] In the edge server described in the present invention, a variety of virtual machines are installed, which are mainly divided into two types: IO-intensive virtual machines and compute-intensive virtual machines. The IO-intensive virtual machines are mainly responsible for data reception and storage, and the compute-intensive virtual machines are mainly responsible for lightweight edge computing of data. At the same time, the IO-intensive virtual machines receive the data sent by the terminal device in a peer-to-peer mode, such asFigure 4 As shown, decoupling storage from computing reduces interference between different data processing processes in the business, contributing to more efficient services.

[0045] During operation, the entire system of the present invention works through cloud-edge collaboration, improving the response speed of the carbon measurement system; and its task scheduling is flexible, accelerating the speed of real-time data processing; due to the realization of cloud-edge collaboration, it can effectively reduce the computing pressure on the edge side, and at the same time achieve decentralization, reducing the latency of data distribution in the cloud center. The present invention optimizes the balance between resource allocation and computing by enabling some computing and data processing to be distributed from the cloud to edge servers closer to the terminal devices. The commonly used method in this industry is that the carbon measurement terminal collects raw data and then transmits a large amount of terminal data to the cloud center together. After the cloud center completes the calculation, the results are sent to the display terminal. This process takes 5 to 20 minutes, or even longer. The cloud-edge collaboration method is used to improve it, but it is difficult to grasp the balance point between resource allocation and computing power. By using the method of the present invention, the balance point between resource allocation and computing power can be close to the optimal point, and the resource storage requirement can be reduced from the EB level to the GB level. The requirement for the computing memory of the hardware CPU can be reduced from the GB level to the MB level.

[0046] The above-described embodiments have detailed the technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention. Any modification, supplement, and equivalent replacement made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge collaboration, characterized in that: include: Carbon metering terminal, carbon metering security pipeline, carbon metering edge cloud, carbon metering central cloud; the carbon metering terminal includes a data acquisition sensor, a display terminal and an edge gateway. The data acquisition sensor is used to collect carbon emission source data and forward it to the carbon metering edge cloud through the carbon metering security pipeline. The edge gateway is used to re-arrange heterogeneous data that cannot be directly parsed by the carbon metering edge cloud and then transmit it to the carbon metering edge cloud. The channel of the carbon metering security pipeline is a 4G / 5G / Ethernet network, in which the 4G / 5G network uses directional IP technology; the carbon metering edge cloud includes an enterprise-side edge cloud, a government regulatory agency-side edge cloud, and a third-party certification agency. The end edge cloud and the financial institution edge cloud are all nodes in the blockchain distributed ledger. The carbon measurement center cloud is equipped with a variety of accounting algorithm models, which are updated regularly. The carbon measurement edge cloud stores the real-time carbon emission source raw data in the distributed ledger and migrates it upward to the carbon measurement center cloud. The carbon measurement center cloud uses the raw data as a sample to train the carbon measurement algorithm model regularly. If the difference in the trained model parameters exceeds the preset threshold, the training parameters are updated, and the model and new parameters are sent to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud updates the calculation parameters in time for accounting, and sends the real-time calculation results to the display terminal to complete the real-time display. A computational complexity prediction unit is set up in the carbon metering edge cloud. After the computational complexity judgment, the complex computing tasks are migrated from the carbon metering edge cloud to the carbon metering central cloud for calculation.

2. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon measurement center cloud regularly completes the carbon accounting algorithm training and decides whether to send the trained model and parameters to the carbon measurement edge cloud. The carbon measurement edge cloud is responsible for calculating the data collected by the carbon measurement terminal and transmitting the calculation results to the display terminal through the carbon measurement security pipeline for display. When calculating, the carbon measurement edge cloud performs business execution and optimization according to the new business rules issued by the carbon measurement center cloud computing; Users can export carbon inventory reports on carbon metering terminal devices and can choose whether to submit the carbon inventory reports to the carbon metering center cloud or a third-party regulatory agency.

3. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The complex computing tasks are migrated upward from the carbon metering edge cloud to the carbon metering central cloud for calculation, wherein after the carbon metering central cloud completes the data analysis, the results and data are stored in the carbon metering central cloud or the calculation results, optimized output business rules, models and parameters are sent to the carbon metering edge cloud.

4. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The carbon metering security pipeline is based on the 4G / 5G network or local Ethernet of the mobile Internet to realize the data transmission function; for data acquisition sensors that are connected to the Ethernet wired, the Ethernet port is used for transmission through the local area network; for data acquisition sensors without Ethernet ports, 4G / 5G network transmission is used, and the data in the channel is encrypted and decrypted using AES+RSA encryption technology. In addition to the data itself, the transmitted data also has the MD5 checksum value of the data in this package. The decrypted data is compared with the MD5 checksum value using the MD5 checksum method to determine the integrity and correctness of the data in this package.

5. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A carbon metering management cloud platform is set up in the carbon metering center cloud, including operation and maintenance management, statistical analysis, chain evidence storage, and standard library management modules. The operation and maintenance management module is used to realize the configuration and update of carbon metering accounting methods, carbon accounting boundaries, and emission correlation relationships. The chain evidence storage module is used to record data on the blockchain, so that each data on the chain passes through the consensus mechanism of the blockchain to ensure the security and tamper-proofness of the data. The standard library management module is used to update carbon metering related standards. The statistical analysis module is used to perform statistical analysis on carbon emission data as needed to extract the value of carbon data.

6. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A carbon metering edge management platform is provided in the enterprise-side edge cloud. For carbon data that cannot be collected by the carbon metering terminal or carbon activity data that does not meet the conditions for online collection, the specific data is manually filled into the carbon metering edge management platform, and the nodes on the blockchain vote to decide whether to upload the data to the chain.

7. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The government regulatory agency edge cloud is used for government regulatory agencies to view the carbon emission data of each enterprise in real time. If the carbon emissions of an enterprise exceed the limit, a prompt will be given and a warning can be issued.

8. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The third-party certification agency edge cloud is used to provide the data source for carbon measurement certification to the institution that has obtained the carbon measurement certification qualification. The institution obtains the original carbon emission data of a certain enterprise and performs relevant measurements or calculations to give the certification results.

9. The carbon metering system based on cloud-pipe-edge-end collaboration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The financial institution edge cloud is a cloud platform used by financial institutions to conduct carbon sink business. Enterprises whose carbon emissions exceed the limit can purchase carbon emissions through the cloud platform. After the purchase, their annual carbon emissions will increase. Financial institutions calculate based on their actual carbon emissions, the actual carbon emissions of other enterprises, and the carbon emissions allowed by the government, and record the transaction information of each enterprise's carbon sink transactions in the blockchain.

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