Large-scale spartina alterniflora comprehensive treatment method

Abstract

The invention relates to a large-scale comprehensive treatment method for spartina alterniflora, which has the advantages that firstly, conventional multi-time cutting is replaced by deep digging of spartina alterniflora, so that the manufacturing cost is saved, and the construction period is shortened; secondly, the conventional repeated plowing and outward transportation are replaced by adopting a burying and compacting mode, so that the manufacturing cost is saved, and the construction period is shortened; thirdly, a new soil backfilling technology is adopted, new soil hydraulic reclamation is completed by laying a hydraulic reclamation pipeline, oxygen is further blocked, and meanwhile, salt marsh vegetation planting conditions are achieved; and fourthly, the original ecology is restored through salt marsh vegetation replacement. The method is economical, efficient and simple in procedure, the vegetation habitat of the wetland is restored, the ecological function of the wetland is improved, and the original ecology can be restored while the spartina alterniflora is managed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of ecological restoration technology, and in particular relates to a large-scale comprehensive control method for Spartina alterniflora. Background Art

[0002] Spartina alterniflora is native to the Atlantic coast of North America. It is a perennial salt marsh plant that grows in the intertidal zone. It has strong salt and flood tolerance and reproductive capacity. The plant is sturdy, with a well-developed root system and a large population density. It has the functions of protecting beaches and embankments, promoting siltation and land reclamation, etc. The invasion and expansion of Spartina alterniflora has brought many negative impacts on coastal ecosystems, threatened bird habitats, and restricted the development of coastal tidal flat aquaculture, shipping and tourism.

[0003] When dealing with Spartina alterniflora, it is necessary to adapt to local conditions and choose appropriate control methods. Existing control methods for Spartina alterniflora have certain disadvantages. Existing control methods for Spartina alterniflora include (i) physical control: flooding, mowing, tillage, root crushing, etc.; (ii) chemical control: use herbicides for control; (iii) biological control: reduce the density of Spartina alterniflora; (iv) biological substitution: use competitive local plants to replace it.

[0004] Usually, one or more combinations of the above methods are used for control, but they are affected by geological conditions, have high costs, involve sea use procedures, and have poor safety and environmental protection effects. There is an urgent need for an efficient, low-cost, safe and environmentally friendly large-scale Spartina alterniflora control technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to solve the deficiencies of the Spartina alterniflora control method in the prior art, thereby providing a large-scale Spartina alterniflora comprehensive control method.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problem is: A large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora comprises the following steps: Step 1: Deep digging: From the time when Spartina alterniflora germinates to before its seeds mature, use amphibious excavation machinery to dig out the Spartina alterniflora with its roots and move it to an open space on one side, with the digging depth reaching more than 1m; Step 2, burying and compacting: first, dig a deep pit at the place where the Spartina alterniflora was dug out, and then repeatedly press the Spartina alterniflora with its roots facing upward and its stems and leaves facing downward in the tidal flat. During the process, the roots and plant parts of the Spartina alterniflora are crushed with the bucket teeth of an excavator. Finally, the excavated silt is backfilled, so that the Spartina alterniflora plants are crushed and all pressed into the silt to be buried 1m to 2m deep, blocking oxygen transmission; Step 3: leveling the beach surface; Step 4: backfilling with imported soil: laying a blower-fill pipe and a water-drawing pipe in a designated area, using the water-drawing pipe to provide water to make mud, and using a mud pump to blow the mud mixture along the blower-fill pipe to the designated area, and finally using a bulldozer in conjunction with an amphibious excavator to flatten the beach surface; Step five: Replace salt marsh vegetation.

[0007] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step 4, workers are assisted by machinery to lay the blowing and filling pipeline and the water-drawing pipeline.

[0008] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step three, the step of leveling the beach surface is: leveling the beach surface by using multiple machines to work side by side simultaneously, so that the beach surface height is restored to the height before the deep pit is excavated in step two.

[0009] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step 4, a temporary cofferdam is pre-built before laying the blow-fill pipeline and the water-drawing pipeline in the designated area.

[0010] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step 4, during the process of laying the blowing and filling pipes and the water-drawing pipes in the designated area, foam boards are wrapped at the connection between the blowing and filling pipes or the water-drawing pipes to increase buoyancy.

[0011] Preferably, in the large-scale comprehensive control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step 4, the moisture content of the produced mud mixture is controlled to be no less than 90%.

[0012] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step five, the step of replacing the salt marsh vegetation is: firstly trial planting the vegetation, and then selecting one or more specific plant varieties for planting.

[0013] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step five, after the trial planting of vegetation, large-scale planting operations are carried out using pelletized seeds and ecological planting bags.

[0014] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention, in step five, the plant species selected are Suaeda salsa and whole plants of Phragmites australis.

[0015] Preferably, the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present invention further includes performing drone aerial survey of the area to be controlled before step one.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: first, the method of the present invention replaces conventional multiple mowing by deep digging with Spartina alterniflora, thus saving construction costs and shortening construction periods; second, the method of burying and compacting replaces conventional multiple plowing and transportation, thus saving construction costs and shortening construction periods; third, the imported soil backfilling technology is adopted, and the imported soil backfilling is completed by laying a blowing and filling pipeline, while further blocking oxygen and providing conditions for planting salt marsh vegetation; fourth, the original ecology is restored by replacing the salt marsh vegetation. The method is economical and efficient, with simple procedures, can restore the wetland vegetation habitat, improve the wetland ecological function, and can restore the original ecology while controlling Spartina alterniflora. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The technical solution of the present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0018] Figure 1 1 is a schematic diagram of the steps of the large-scale integrated control method of Spartina alterniflora according to an embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the effect of large-scale comprehensive management of Spartina alterniflora in Example 2 of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other.

[0020] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate positions or positional relationships based on the positions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.

[0021] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by specific circumstances.

[0022] The technical solution of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with embodiments. This embodiment provides a large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included: Step 1: Deep digging: From the time when Spartina alterniflora germinates to before its seeds mature, use amphibious excavation machinery to dig out the Spartina alterniflora with its roots and move it to an open space on one side, with the digging depth reaching more than 1m; Step 2, burying and compacting: first, dig a deep pit at the place where the Spartina alterniflora was dug out, and then repeatedly press the Spartina alterniflora with its roots facing upward and its stems and leaves facing downward in the tidal flat. During the process, the roots and plant parts of the Spartina alterniflora are crushed with the bucket teeth of an excavator. Finally, the excavated silt is backfilled, so that the Spartina alterniflora plants are crushed and all pressed into the silt to be buried 1m to 2m deep, blocking oxygen transmission; Step 3: leveling the beach surface; Step 4: backfilling with imported soil: laying a blower-fill pipe and a water-drawing pipe in a designated area, using the water-drawing pipe to provide water to make mud, and using a mud pump to blow the mud mixture along the blower-fill pipe to the designated area, and finally using a bulldozer in conjunction with an amphibious excavator to flatten the beach surface; Step five: Replace salt marsh vegetation.

[0023] Among them, the role of deep excavation is to get it done in one go, without the need for repeated excavation, which saves costs and time, and basically does not damage the original beach terrain. If methods such as flooding, mowing, plowing, and root crushing are used, it will take a long time and need to be repeated many times. The role of burial and compaction is to isolate oxygen and inhibit the recovery of Spartina alterniflora. Backfilling with imported soil further strengthens the burial, blocks oxygen, and prevents recurrence. It solves the difficulties of conventional Spartina alterniflora management, such as the separation of site leveling and biological substitution links, and the high cost, and this method does not involve sea use procedures. Replanting salt marsh vegetation can not only further consolidate the results of management, but also restore the local salt marsh wetland ecological environment to the greatest extent.

[0024] The method of the present invention firstly replaces conventional multiple mowing by deep digging with Spartina alterniflora, thus saving construction cost and shortening construction period; secondly, replaces conventional multiple plowing and transportation by burying and compacting, thus saving construction cost and shortening construction period; thirdly, adopts imported soil backfilling technology, completes imported soil blowing and filling by laying blowing and filling pipelines, further blocks oxygen and provides salt marsh vegetation planting conditions; fourthly, restores the original ecology by replacing salt marsh vegetation. The method is economical and efficient, with simple procedures, restores wetland vegetation habitat, improves wetland ecological function, and can restore the original ecology while controlling Spartina alterniflora.

[0025] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, in step 4, the workers are assisted by machines to lay the blowing and filling pipelines and the water-drawing pipelines. The human-machine collaboration method can improve the work efficiency and accuracy.

[0026] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, in step 3, the step of leveling the beach surface is: leveling the beach surface by using multiple machines to work side by side at the same time, so that the beach surface height is restored to the height before the deep pit is excavated in step 2. Multiple machines working side by side at the same time can improve construction efficiency.

[0027] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, in step 4, before laying the blow-fill pipeline and the water-drawing pipeline in the designated area, a temporary cofferdam is pre-built to facilitate the demarcation of the scope of the imported soil backfill.

[0028] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, in step 4, during the process of laying the blow-fill pipe and the water-drawing pipe in the designated area, a foam board is wrapped at the connection of the blow-fill pipe or the water-drawing pipe to increase buoyancy. Wrapping the foam board at the pipe connection increases buoyancy, making it difficult for the pipe to sink above the silt, thereby reducing the damage to the connection caused by its own gravity.

[0029] Preferably, in the large-scale comprehensive control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, in step 4, the moisture content of the prepared mud mixture is controlled to be no less than 90%, thereby improving the filling efficiency.

[0030] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present embodiment, in step five, the step of replacing the salt marsh vegetation is: firstly trial planting the vegetation, and then selecting one or more specific plant varieties for planting, which can improve the effect of the vegetation replacement.

[0031] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present embodiment, in step five, after the trial planting of vegetation, large-scale planting operations are carried out using pelletized seeds and ecological planting bags, which can improve the efficiency of large-scale planting.

[0032] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of the present embodiment, in step five, the plant species selected are foreign Suaeda salsa and whole-plant Phragmites australis, and the actual measured planting effect is good.

[0033] Preferably, in the large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora of this embodiment, before step 1, drone aerial survey is performed on the area to be controlled to measure the specific area of ​​the area for ease of preparation. Example 1

[0034] The total area of ​​Spartina alterniflora in the Huanghua coastal zone of Hebei Province is about 352 hectares, and the concentrated distribution area is mainly located in the Nanpai River estuary, Fengjiabao Village, Xincun Township, Zhaojiabao Village and Jiajiabao Village near the sea, which is a typical coastal tidal muddy wetland. The implementation area of ​​the present invention for Spartina alterniflora is located in Fengjiabao Village. The present invention experimentally controls and repairs a large area of ​​Spartina alterniflora in the facility area through combined physical and biological measures.

[0035] Fengjiabao Village was selected as the 1# test area, Nanpaihekou was selected as the 2# test area, and a conventional mowing + tillage combination was adopted. The 3# test area selected Xincun Township to adopt a chemical treatment method, and the 4# test area selected Zhaojiabao Village and Jiajiabao Village to adopt a flooding treatment method. In the above 4 test areas, a plurality of sample plots of 20m×20m in size were randomly selected to investigate and determine the treatment conditions of Spartina alterniflora in the sample plots. The 1# test area sample area adopted the large-scale Spartina alterniflora comprehensive treatment method of the present embodiment, and the measured treatment effect was the best. Example 2

[0036] There are large areas of Spartina alterniflora growing in the Ligao Sunshine Coast, Central Fishing Port, Beijiang Power Plant and other areas in the northern part of Tianjin. The project team took targeted measures according to local conditions. The "mowing + flooding" management method was adopted in the Ligao Sunshine Coast area, the management method of this embodiment was adopted in the Central Fishing Port area, and the "three-time mowing + deep plowing" management method was adopted in the Beijiang Power Plant area. The above-mentioned management areas were tracked and monitored. The recurrence rate of Spartina alterniflora in the Ligao Sunshine Coast area was 5.1%, the recurrence rate of Spartina alterniflora in the Beijiang Power Plant area was 4.2%, and the recurrence rate of Spartina alterniflora in the Central Fishing Port area was 1.4%. Figure 2 As shown, the Spartina alterniflora control effect of this embodiment is the best.

[0037] Based on the above ideal embodiments of this application, the relevant staff can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of this application through the above description. The technical scope of this application is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Deep digging: From the time when Spartina alterniflora germinates to before its seeds mature, use amphibious excavation machinery to dig out the Spartina alterniflora with its roots and move it to an open space on one side, with the digging depth reaching more than 1m; Step 2, burying and compacting: first, dig a deep pit at the place where the Spartina alterniflora was dug out, and then repeatedly press the Spartina alterniflora with its roots facing upward and its stems and leaves facing downward in the tidal flat. During the process, the roots and plant parts of the Spartina alterniflora are crushed with the bucket teeth of an excavator. Finally, the excavated silt is backfilled, so that the Spartina alterniflora plants are crushed and all pressed into the silt to be buried 1m to 2m deep, blocking oxygen transmission; Step 3: leveling the beach surface; Step 4: backfilling with imported soil: laying a blower-fill pipe and a water-drawing pipe in a designated area, using the water-drawing pipe to provide water to make mud, and using a mud pump to blow the mud mixture along the blower-fill pipe to the designated area, and finally using a bulldozer in conjunction with an amphibious excavator to flatten the beach surface; Step five: Replace salt marsh vegetation.

2. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the workers are assisted by machinery to lay the blowing and filling pipeline and the water pumping pipeline.

3. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step three, the step of leveling the beach surface is to use multiple machines to level the beach surface simultaneously and side by side, so that the beach surface height returns to the height before the deep pit is excavated in step two.

4. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step 4, a temporary cofferdam is pre-built before laying the blow-fill pipeline and the water-drawing pipeline in the designated area.

5. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step 4, during the process of laying the filling pipe and the water-drawing pipe in the designated area, a foam board is wrapped at the connection between the filling pipe or the water-drawing pipe to increase buoyancy.

6. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step 4, the water content of the prepared mud mixture is controlled to be no less than 90%.

7. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: In step five, the procedure for replanting salt marsh vegetation is: first conduct a trial planting of vegetation, and then select one or more specific plant varieties for planting.

8. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to claim 7, characterized in that: In step five, after the trial planting of vegetation, large-scale planting operations are carried out using pelletized seeds and ecological planting bags.

9. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step five, the plant species selected are foreign salsa sedge and whole reed.

10. The large-scale integrated control method for Spartina alterniflora according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: Before step one, drone aerial survey is also conducted on the area to be treated.

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