Method for increasing fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for increasing the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The method comprises the following steps: (1) applying fertilizer in autumn and winter; (2) applying a fruit swelling fertilizer; (3) applying fruit swelling fertilizer; (4) applying pesticide in a flower bud stage; (5) pesticide application in a flowering period; (6) pesticide application after flower withering; (7) pesticide application in a young fruit stage; wherein the age of the aged macadamia nut fruit tree is more than 8 years. According to the application, on the basis of conventional macadamia nut cultivation management fertilization control, the pesticide application type, the pesticide application time and the pesticide application concentration are reasonably regulated and controlled, the unexpected technical effect is achieved for cultivation management of macadamia nuts with the fruit age of 8 years or above, the average pollen viability is 82.48%, the average fruit setting rate is 12.75 per thousand, and the average yield per mu is 764.5 kg.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, and in particular to a method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia nut is an evergreen tree of the genus Macadamia in the Proteaceae family. It is native to the coastal subtropical rainforests of Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. It is mainly grown in Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong and other regions in China.

[0003] In the process of macadamia nut cultivation, due to the racemose inflorescence of macadamia nut, the large number of flowers, excessive consumption of nutrients, easily lead to plant weakness and early fruit shedding. In particular, as the age of macadamia nut trees increases, for older macadamia nut trees (fruit trees over 8 years old), the fruit setting rate will be even lower, seriously affecting the nut yield and restricting the development of the macadamia nut industry.

[0004] How to improve the fruit setting rate of macadamia nuts has always been pursued by those skilled in the art. However, there is no report on the cultivation research on the fruit setting rate of old macadamia nuts in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve or partially solve the problems existing in the related art, the present application provides a method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts. Through the reasonable application of fertilizers and the prevention and control of diseases, the fruit setting rate and per-acre yield of aged macadamia nuts can be effectively improved.

[0006] A method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts in the present application comprises the following steps: (1) Autumn and winter fertilizer Before November of the same year, apply 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:11:18 (N:P2O5:K2O) and ≥41% (N, P and K) to the aged macadamia plants, 0.15kg of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, 0.15kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 10kg of organic fertilizer; (2) Fruit-enlarging fertilizer After the rain in June of the following year, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant with a mass ratio of 1:1:1 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, in the form of nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O, and a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ≥ 45%. Apply 0.5 kg of calcium ammonium nitrate per plant every half a month; (3) Fruit-enhancing fertilizer During the fruiting period, apply 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ≥45% and 0.15kg of water-soluble fertilizer of medium elements per plant in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 with nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O respectively; (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage When the buds of older macadamia plants turn white, spray each plant with 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine, 350 times diluted medium element water-soluble fertilizer, 1500 times diluted trace element water-soluble fertilizer, 1000 times diluted 0.01% brassinolide, and 750 times diluted 5% cis-cypermethrin; (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period When the flowering rate of old macadamia nut plants reaches 2 / 3, spray each plant with 2000 times of 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 500 times of 50% methyl thiophanate, 1000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate, 1000 times of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times of 5% cis-cypermethrin; (6) Pesticide application after flowering 18-21 days after the old macadamia plants have withered, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times solution, 5% avermectin benzoate 1000 times solution, 2% benzylamine·triacontanol 2000 times solution, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 750 times solution, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 1000 times solution; (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of old macadamia plants, spray each plant with 1000 times solution of 59.7% manganese·carbendazim, 375 times solution of medium element water-soluble fertilizer, 375 times solution of green mineral oil, 3000 times solution of 43% pyrazole·fluamide, and 1000 times solution of 3% thiophanate-methyl; Among them, the age of the old macadamia nut trees is over 8 years old.

[0007] Furthermore, when applying fertilizer in step (1), a circular trench with a depth of 18 to 22 cm, a width of 27 to 33 cm, and a length of 110 to 130 cm is dug 30 to 40 cm inward from the drip line of the crown of the macadamia nut tree, and then organic fertilizer is mixed and buried.

[0008] Furthermore, when applying fertilizer in step (2) and step (3), the fertilizer is evenly spread along the trunk of the macadamia nut plant at a distance of half a meter.

[0009] The beneficial effects of this application are: In the cultivation and management of macadamia nuts, the type, time and concentration of pesticides applied in this application have a significant impact on the cultivation effect of macadamia nuts. Based on the conventional macadamia nut cultivation and management fertilization control, this application reasonably regulates the type, time and concentration of pesticides, and achieves unexpected technical results for the cultivation and management of macadamia nuts with a fruit age of more than 8 years, among which the average pollen vitality is 82.48%, the average fruit setting rate is 12.75‰, and the average yield per mu is 764.5kg. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0010] The embodiments of the present application will be described in more detail below with reference to examples. Although the embodiments of the present application are shown in the examples, it should be understood that the present application can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and the scope of the present application can be fully communicated to those skilled in the art.

[0011] Example 1 A method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts in this embodiment comprises the following steps: (1) Autumn and winter fertilizer In late October of that year, 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:11:18 (calculated as nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O respectively) and 0.15kg of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, 0.15kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 10kg of organic fertilizer were applied to the aged macadamia plants according to their plant numbers; the aged macadamia trees were 8 years old and the aged macadamia variety was South Asia No. 3.

[0012] Furthermore, when applying fertilizer, move 30cm-40cm inward from the drip line of the macadamia nut tree crown and dig a ring ditch 18-22cm deep, 27-33cm wide, and 110-130cm long, then mix with organic fertilizer and bury it.

[0013] (2) Fruit-enlarging fertilizer After the rain in June of the following year, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant with a mass ratio of 1:1:1 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, in the form of nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O, and a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ≥ 45%. Apply 0.5 kg of calcium ammonium nitrate per plant every half a month; (3) Fruit-enhancing fertilizer At the beginning of August of the following year, during the fruiting period, apply 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ≥45% and 0.15kg of water-soluble fertilizer of medium elements to each plant in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the form of nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O respectively; Furthermore, when applying fertilizer in step (2) and step (3), the fertilizer is evenly spread along the trunk of the macadamia nut plant at a distance of half a meter.

[0014] (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage From the end of January to mid-February of the following year, when the buds of the old macadamia plants turn white, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times diluted, medium element water-soluble fertilizer 350 times diluted, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 1500 times diluted, 0.01% brassinolide 1000 times diluted, 5% cis-cypermethrin 750 times diluted; (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period In early March of the following year, when the flowering rate of old macadamia plants reaches 2 / 3, the plants show bending of style and pollination is complete. Then spray each plant with 2000 times diluted 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 500 times diluted 50% methyl thiophanate, 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate, 1000 times diluted macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times diluted 5% cis-cypermethrin. (6) Pesticide application after flowering In early April of the following year, 18-21 days after the old macadamia plants have bloomed, when the fruit diameter is about 5mm, spray each plant with 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorate, 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate, 2000 times diluted 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 750 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times diluted trace element water-soluble fertilizer; (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of older macadamia nut plants, in mid-June of the following year, spray each plant with 1000 times solution of 59.7% manganese·carbendazim, 375 times solution of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 375 times solution of green mineral oil, 3000 times solution of 43% pyrazole·fluamide, and 1000 times solution of 3% thiophanate-methyl.

[0015] It should be noted that the compound fertilizer used in this embodiment, in which the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively calculated as nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O in a mass ratio of 12:11:18 and the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are ≥41%, is a compound fertilizer of Yara Miaole model 12-11-18; The compound fertilizer used in this embodiment, in which the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are respectively calculated as nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 and the total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients are ≥45%, is a compound fertilizer of Yara Miaole model 15-15-15; The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer used in this embodiment is Emmalino medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (Ca+Mg≥10%, wherein CaO≥15%, MgO≥6%, N≥10%, rich in chelated trace elements, auxins and biostimulants); The trace element water-soluble fertilizer used in this embodiment is Cui Kang Jin Peng liquid, B ≥ 140g / L; The macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer used in this embodiment is Cui Kang Shengli Liquid; In this case, the average pollen vitality was 85.96%, the average fruit setting rate was 13.6‰, and the average yield per mu was 800kg.

[0016] Note: Fruit setting rate = number of fruits / number of flowers × 100% Pollen vitality can be tested by conventional methods in the prior art. Specifically, first prepare a mixture of benzidine solution, α-naphthol solution, and sodium carbonate solution in equal amounts, add 1 drop of the mixture and 1 drop of hydrogen peroxide solution to a glass slide, use a strand of hair to dip a small amount of pollen into the mixture, cover with a coverslip and let stand for 15 minutes, then observe under a 10× microscope. All viable pollen is dyed red, while non-viable pollen is colorless; observe 3 different fields of view, and the total number of pollen grains in each field of view is more than 70. Calculate the ratio of pollen grains dyed red to the total number of pollen grains. The calculation formula is as follows: Pollen vitality = (number of full pollen / total number of pollen) × 100% Example 2 The difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that the fertilizer and pesticide are applied to macadamia nuts of the same variety with an age of 11 years, and the rest are the same.

[0017] In this case, the average pollen viability was 79%, the average fruit setting rate was 11.89‰, and the average yield per mu was 729kg.

[0018] Example 3 The difference between Example 3 and Example 1 is that the fertilizer and pesticide are applied to macadamia nuts of the same variety with a fruit age of 5 years, and the rest are the same.

[0019] In this case, the average pollen viability was 79.33%, the average fruit setting rate was 11.3‰, and the average yield per mu was 600kg.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 1 includes two groups of fertilization and pesticide application, namely Group 1 and Group 2. The specific treatments are as follows: Among them, the fertilization scheme of Group 1 and Group 2 is: the application type and time of autumn and winter fertilizer, fruit swelling fertilizer and fruit strengthening fertilizer are the same as those in Example 1; The application scheme for Group 1 is: In step (4), the pesticide is applied when the flower buds begin to sprout during the bud stage; In step (5), the pesticide is applied when the flowering rate reaches 1 / 2; In step (6), the pesticide is applied 10 days after all flowers have faded and when the fruit diameter is about 2 mm.

[0021] The application plan for Group 2 is: In step (4), the pesticide is applied when the flower is slightly open during the bud stage; In step (5), the pesticide is applied after all flowers have withered; In step (6), the pesticide is applied 10 days after all flowers have faded and when the fruit diameter is about 2 mm.

[0022] It should be noted that the type and amount of pesticides applied in Group 1 and Group 2 were the same as those in Example 1.

[0023] The pollen activity, fruit setting rate and per-acre yield data of macadamia nuts obtained in Comparative Example 1 are shown in Table 1 Table 1 Effects of different application sites

[0024] Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 2 includes two groups of fertilization and pesticide application, namely Group 3 and Group 4. The specific treatments are as follows: Among them, the fertilization schemes of Group 3 and Group 4 are as follows: the types and times of application of autumn and winter fertilizer, fruit swelling fertilizer, and fruit strengthening fertilizer are the same as those in Example 1; The application plan for group three is: (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage From the end of January to mid-February of the following year, when the buds of older macadamia plants are white, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times solution, medium element water-soluble fertilizer 350 times solution, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 750 times solution, 0.01% brassinolide 1000 times solution, 5% cis-cypermethrin 750 times solution; (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period In early March of the following year, when the flowering rate of old macadamia plants reaches 2 / 3, the plants show bending of style and pollination is complete. Then spray each plant with 1000 times diluted 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 250 times diluted 50% methyl thiophanate, 1000 times diluted 5% emamectin benzoate, 1000 times diluted macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times diluted 5% cis-cypermethrin. (6) Pesticide application after flowering In early April of the following year, 20 days after the old macadamia plants have bloomed, when the fruit diameter is about 5mm, spray each plant with 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine, 1000 times diluted 5% avermectin benzoate, 2000 times diluted 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 400 times diluted amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times diluted trace element water-soluble fertilizer; (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of old macadamia nut plants, in mid-June of the following year, spray each plant with 1000 times solution of 59.7% manganese·carbendazim, 200 times solution of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 200 times solution of green mineral oil, 1500 times solution of 43% pyrazole·fluamide, and 500 times solution of 3% thiophanate-methyl.

[0025] The application plan for Group 4 is: (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage From the end of January to mid-February of the following year, when the buds of older macadamia plants are white, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times diluted, medium element water-soluble fertilizer 350 times diluted, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 2000 times diluted, 0.01% brassinolide 1000 times diluted, 5% cis-cypermethrin 750 times diluted; (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period In early March of the following year, when the flowering rate of old macadamia plants reaches 2 / 3, the plants show bending of style and pollination is complete. Then spray each plant with 2500 times of 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 800 times of 50% methyl thiophanate, 1000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate, 1000 times of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times of 5% cis-cypermethrin. (6) Pesticide application after flowering In early April of the following year, 20 days after the old macadamia plants have withered, when the fruit diameter is about 5mm, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times solution, 5% avermectin benzoate 1000 times solution, 2% benzylamine·triacontanol 2000 times solution, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 1000 times solution, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 1000 times solution; (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of old macadamia nut plants, in mid-June of the following year, spray each plant with 1000 times solution of 59.7% manganese·carbendazim, 500 times solution of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 500 times solution of green mineral oil, 4000 times solution of 43% pyrazole·fluamide, and 1500 times solution of 3% thiophanate-methyl.

[0026] The pollen activity, fruit setting rate and per-acre yield data of macadamia nuts obtained in Comparative Example 2 are shown in Table 2 Table 2 Effects of different pesticide concentrations

[0027] Comparative Example 3 The macadamia nuts with an age of 8 and 5 years were used as the targets, and general fertilization and pesticide application were adopted. The specific cultivation management is as follows: (1) Autumn and winter fertilizer Before November of the same year, apply 0.75kg of Componotech 15-5-23 compound fertilizer, 0.3kg of Compono silicon calcium magnesium, and 10kg of organic fertilizer to each old macadamia plant. (2) Fruit-enlarging fertilizer After the rain in June of the following year, apply 1 kg of 15-15-15 compound fertilizer to each plant, and 0.5 kg of Emmaline to each plant every half a month. (3) Fruit-enhancing fertilizer During the fruiting period, use 0.75kg of compound fertilizer of 15-5-23 type + 0.15kg of calcium and magnesium; (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage When the buds of older macadamia plants turn white, spray each plant with 375 times diluted medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, 750 times diluted sugar alcohol boron, 1000 times diluted 0.01% brassinolide, and 1000 times diluted 2% benzylamine·triacontanol; In terms of pest control: due to the lack of pesticides, thrips and ants were more serious in the later period, there were more longhorn beetle larvae, and there were more tree branches and trunks.

[0028] (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period When the flowering rate of old macadamia plants reaches 2 / 3, spray each plant with 750 times of Isotrione (20% Isotrione·Carbendazim SC), 750 times of Besta (5% cis-cypermethrin), 1000 times of Jingtou (0.01% Brassinolide), 375 times of medium-element water-soluble fertilizer, and 750 times of sugar alcohol boron; In terms of pest control: it effectively eliminates the damage caused by aphids, plant hoppers and bud maggots, but the control effect on thrips and ants is not ideal, as these two pests reproduce quickly.

[0029] (6) Pesticide application after flowering 20 days after the old macadamia plants have finished flowering, spray each plant with 750 times of Isolior (20% Isolior·Carbendazim SC), 750 times of Besta (5% cis-cypermethrin), 1000 times of Huaguoge (2% benzylamine·triacontanol), 750 times of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times of Huaguoling; In terms of pest control: the damage caused by aphids, plant hoppers and bud maggots was effectively eliminated. In the later period, the ant problem was more serious and there was still a small occurrence of thrips.

[0030] Disease aspect: It has a certain inhibitory effect on bacterial infection.

[0031] (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of old macadamia nut plants, spray each plant with 1000 times diluted Zhiliang (30% pentamethylenetetrachloridum), 1000 times diluted Baitai (60% pyrazole and mancozeb), 1500 times diluted Jiangong (12% benzyl·fluanid), 1000 times diluted Longkejun (20% Longkejun), and 375 times diluted medium-element water-soluble fertilizer.

[0032] In this case, the average pollen viability for 8 years was 75.48%, the average fruit setting rate was 10.5‰, and the average yield per mu was 500kg.

[0033]

[0034] It can be seen from the above-mentioned Examples 1, 2 and 3 that by using the method of the present application to cultivate and manage macadamia nuts, the pollen vigor, fruit setting rate and per-acre yield of macadamia nuts with an age of 8 and 11 years are better than those with an age of 5 years, indicating that the method of the present application is more suitable for the cultivation and management of older macadamia nuts.

[0035] Further, it can be seen from Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, Comparative Example 3 and that when the present application method is used to cultivate and manage macadamia nuts, the type, time and concentration of the pesticide applied have an impact on the cultivation effect of macadamia nuts. On the basis of conventional macadamia nut cultivation management and fertilization control, the present application regulates the type, time and concentration of the pesticide, and achieves unexpected technical effects for the cultivation and management of macadamia nuts with a fruit age of more than 8 years, among which the average pollen activity is 82.48%, the average fruit setting rate is 12.75‰, and the average yield per mu is 764.5kg.

Claims

1. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Autumn and winter fertilizer Before November of the same year, apply 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio of 12:11:18 (N:P2O5:K2O) and ≥41% (N, P and K) to the aged macadamia plants, 0.15kg of sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, 0.15kg of zinc sulfate heptahydrate and 10kg of organic fertilizer; (2) Fruit-enlarging fertilizer After the rain in June of the following year, apply 1 kg of compound fertilizer per plant with a mass ratio of 1:1:1 for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, respectively, in the form of nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O, and a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient ≥ 45%. Apply 0.5 kg of calcium ammonium nitrate per plant every half a month; (3) Fruit-enhancing fertilizer During the fruiting period, apply 0.75kg of compound fertilizer with a total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of ≥45% and 0.15kg of water-soluble fertilizer of medium elements per plant in a mass ratio of 1:1:1 with nitrate N, P2O5 and K2O respectively; (4) Pesticide application during the bud stage When the buds of older macadamia plants turn white, spray each plant with 2000 times diluted 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine, 350 times diluted medium element water-soluble fertilizer, 1500 times diluted trace element water-soluble fertilizer, 1000 times diluted 0.01% brassinolide, and 750 times diluted 5% cis-cypermethrin; (5) Pesticide application during the post-flowering period When the old macadamia nut plants are 2 / 3 of the way through the flowering period, spray each plant with 2000 times of 2% benzylamine·triacontanol, 500 times of 50% methyl thiophanate, 1000 times of 5% emamectin benzoate, 1000 times of macronutrient water-soluble fertilizer, and 1000 times of 5% cis-cypermethrin. (6) Pesticide application after flowering 18-21 days after the old macadamia plants have withered, spray each plant with 22% thiamethoxam·high fluorine chlorine 2000 times solution, 5% avermectin benzoate 1000 times solution, 2% benzylamine·triacontanol 2000 times solution, amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 750 times solution, trace element water-soluble fertilizer 1000 times solution; (7) Use of pesticides during the young fruit stage During the young fruit stage of old macadamia plants, spray each plant with 1000 times solution of 59.7% manganese·carbendazim, 375 times solution of medium element water-soluble fertilizer, 375 times solution of green mineral oil, 3000 times solution of 43% pyrazole·fluamide, and 1000 times solution of 3% thiophanate-methyl; Among them, the age of the old macadamia nut trees is over 8 years old.

2. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying fertilizer in step (1), dig a circular trench 18-22 cm deep, 27-33 cm wide, and 110-130 cm long 30 cm to 40 cm inward from the drip line of the crown of the macadamia nut tree, and then mix with organic fertilizer and bury it.

3. A method for improving the fruit setting rate of aged macadamia nuts according to claim 1, characterized in that: When applying fertilizer in step (2) and step (3), the fertilizer is evenly spread along the main trunk of the macadamia nut plant at a distance of half a meter.

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