High-water-content shield muck crushing device and method

Abstract

The high-water-content shield muck crushing device comprises a shell, a feeding port, a crushing mechanism, a dewatering mechanism, a separating mechanism, a muck recognition system and a control system, the two ends of the crushing mechanism are connected with the shell and installed on the outer wall of the shell, and the feeding port is formed in the top of the shell and used for inputting soil materials; a dehydration mechanism is arranged below the crushing mechanism, a separation filter screen is arranged on the lower surface of the dehydration mechanism, and a drainage plate is arranged below the dehydration mechanism; the muck recognition system comprises a feeding conveying belt, a support and recognition equipment, the recognition equipment is installed above the feeding conveying belt through the support and comprises a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager, and the laser scanning sensor is used for detecting the particle shape and size of shield muck; the infrared sensor is used for detecting the temperature of the muck, and the thermal imager is used for providing a temperature distribution diagram; and the control system controls the crushing mechanism according to data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of underground engineering, and in particular to a device and method for crushing shield slag with high water content. Background Art

[0002] At present, most subway tunnels are constructed by shield method. During the construction of shield method, a large amount of shield slag will be generated. Shield slag belongs to silty soil, which has the characteristics of high water content, low permeability, and low compressive strength. High-water-content shield slag is easy to adhere to the inner wall of the device during the crushing process, causing problems such as blockage of the feed port. Manual cleaning is required every once in a while, which greatly affects the efficiency of shield slag disposal. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a high-water-content shield slag crushing device with good crushing effect and not easy to stick, so as to meet the needs of shield slag disposal in urban underground environmental engineering.

[0003] At present, some crushing and dehydrating mechanisms are disclosed in the prior art. For example, in patent CN201920484309.0, a crushing and dehydrating mechanism is disclosed, including a crushing mechanism and a dehydrating mechanism, wherein the crushing mechanism includes a crusher housing and a roller in the crushing housing, wherein the upper end of the crushing housing has a first feed port and the lower end has a first discharge port; the roller includes two rollers, which are arranged in parallel and rotate in opposite directions; the dehydrating mechanism includes a dehydrating cylinder and an extruding screw rod in the dehydrating cylinder, wherein the dehydrating cylinder is arranged horizontally, and the upper side of one end thereof is provided with a second feed port connected to the first discharge port, and the lower side of the other end is provided with a second discharge port, and the middle side wall of the dehydrating cylinder is provided with a plurality of water outlet holes; and a retractable extrusion head is sleeved at one end of the extruding screw rod. The crushing and dehydrating integrated machine proposed by the present invention performs centralized crushing and dehydrating treatment on garbage, avoids the situation that the crushed garbage forms water overflow during the transfer process, accelerates the processing efficiency, and improves the space utilization rate. However, for slag with a large difference in particle size and moisture content, the device cannot adjust the crushing parameters in real time, resulting in incomplete and insufficient crushing. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the problem in the prior art that high-moisture content shield slag is easy to stick to the crushing mechanism and block the discharge port during the crushing process, the purpose is to provide a high-moisture content shield slag crushing device, by arranging crushing blades and spiral extrusion dehydration mechanism, after the soil enters the device, it passes through the first layer of crushing structure and the second layer of dehydration mechanism in sequence, and is filtered through the filter screen, so that the discharge port always outputs slag that meets the particle size requirements, and in this process the slag does not stick to or block the discharge port.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] In the first aspect, the present invention provides a high-moisture content shield slag crushing device, including a shell, a feed port, a crushing mechanism, a dehydration mechanism, a separation mechanism and a control system, wherein both ends of the crushing mechanism are connected to the shell and installed on the outer wall of the shell, and a feed port is provided on the top of the shell for inputting soil materials; a dehydration mechanism is provided below the crushing mechanism, and the lower surface of the dehydration mechanism is a separation filter screen, and a drainage plate is provided below the dehydration mechanism, and the drainage plate is connected to the water outlet on the shell, and the end of the dehydration mechanism is connected to the outlet on the shell; it also includes a slag identification system, which includes a feed conveyor belt, a bracket and an identification equipment, and the identification equipment is installed above the feed conveyor belt through the bracket, and includes a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager, wherein the laser scanning sensor is used to detect the particle shape and size of the shield slag; the infrared sensor is used to detect the temperature of the slag, and the thermal imager is used to provide a temperature distribution map; the control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

[0007] As a further technical solution, the surface of the separation filter is coated with a nano coating.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the pulverizing mechanism includes a plurality of rollers, on which roller cutters are arranged, the roller cutters are distributed laterally along the rolling device, and the roller cutters are staggered between adjacent rollers.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the rollers of the dehydration mechanism are distributed in a spiral manner along the axial direction, and the rollers are at a set distance from the separation filter.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the drainage board is arranged obliquely along the drainage direction.

[0011] As a further technical solution, a moving device is also included, which is located at the bottom of the high-moisture content shield slag crushing device.

[0012] In a second aspect, the present invention also provides a method for crushing high-water content shield slag crushing device, as follows:

[0013] Step 1: The laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager collect relevant data of the slag in real time to obtain the geometric and thermal properties of the slag;

[0014] Step 2: Integrate the data from each sensor to form a unified data set, and perform signal processing and feature extraction;

[0015] Step 3: denoise and filter the data to ensure the accuracy of the data;

[0016] Step 4 extracts key features from the processed data to provide a data basis for subsequent classification algorithms;

[0017] Step 5: Analyze the processed data to identify the type and characteristics of the slag;

[0018] Step 6: Call the trained classification model based on the current data features;

[0019] Step 7: Classification and judgment, output the category of the slag and provide its physical properties;

[0020] Step 8: The recognition result is fed back to the human-computer interaction interface through the control system;

[0021] Step 9: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters according to the identified type and properties of the slag; the control system generates corresponding control instructions and sends them to the driving unit of the crushing mechanism;

[0022] Step 10: The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its working parameters according to the received control instructions.

[0023] As a further technical solution, the rotation speed formula of the driving unit of the crushing mechanism is as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Wherein, V is the grinding speed in thousand revolutions per minute, D is the particle size in mm, and H is the moisture content;

[0026] k1, k2 are constants related to material and machine characteristics;

[0027] n 1, n2 is an index that shows the influence of particle size and water content on the crushing speed.

[0028] As a further technical solution, the method for determining k1, k2, n1, and n2 is as follows:

[0029] Use a high-moisture shield slag crushing device to crush slag with different particle sizes and moisture contents, and record the following data: including the average particle size of materials with different particle sizes after crushing; crushing efficiency and output under different moisture contents; actual speed of the crusher and the corresponding output;

[0030] Use regression analysis to fit the data and get the estimated values ​​of k1, k2, n1, and n2; based on the estimated values, continue to carry out crushing work for verification and debugging to get the final values.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0032] For slag with a large difference in particle size and moisture content, the laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager in the slag identification system can intelligently identify the slag particle size and moisture content, and adjust the device crushing parameters in real time based on this to completely and fully crush the slag; the laser scanning sensor can detect the particle shape and size of the shield slag; the infrared sensor can detect the temperature of the slag, and the thermal imager is used to provide a temperature distribution map; the control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager.

[0033] By setting up a high-density roller crushing structure and a spiral dehydration mechanism, after the soil enters the device, it passes through the first-layer crushing structure and the second-layer dehydration mechanism in turn, and is filtered through a separation filter, so that the discharge port always outputs the residue that meets the particle size requirements, and in this process the residue does not stick together or block the discharge port. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0035] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the overall structure of the shield slag with high moisture content according to the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the roller of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a flow chart of crushing slag soil of the present invention;

[0038] Marks and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings:

[0039] 10. Casing; 20. Driving device; 30. Crushing mechanism; 31. Roller; 32. Driving device; 33. Rolling cutter; 40. Side wall; 41. Side wall; 50. Muck identification system; 51. Identification equipment; 52. Feed conveyor belt; 53. Support; 60. Dehydration mechanism; 61. Rolling cutter; 70. Discharge port; 80. Separation filter; 90. Water outlet; 100. Drain board; 110. Moving device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The exemplary implementation modes of the present invention and their description are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] like Figure 1As shown, in this embodiment, a high-water content shield slag crushing device is provided, which includes a housing 10; a driving device 20; a crushing mechanism 30; an inner wall 40; a slag identification system 50; a dehydration mechanism 60; a discharge port 70; a separation filter 80; a water outlet 90; a drainage board 100; and a moving device 110.

[0043] The top of the housing 10 is provided with a feed port for inputting soil materials; the crushing mechanism 30 is installed in the housing 10, and both ends of each roller 31 in the crushing mechanism 30 are connected to the front and rear outer walls of the housing 10, and both ends of the roller 31 extend out of the housing and are connected to the driving device 32, and the driving device 32 provides power for the roller; the roller 31 includes two, and a roller cutter 33 is arranged on each roller 31, and the roller cutters 33 are arranged axially on the roller, and the spacing between the roller cutters 33 is less than 1mm, so as to ensure that the roller cutters 33 can fully contact the input soil. The crushing mechanism 30 is provided with a dewatering mechanism 60 below. The crushed slag is dehydrated by the rotation of the roller cutter in the dewatering mechanism 60. The crushed slag is screened by the separation filter 80 on the lower surface of the dewatering mechanism 60. Although the shield slag with high moisture content is easy to adhere, the soil will be completely crushed due to the dense cutting of the roller cutter 33. After dehydration by the dewatering mechanism and filtration by the separation filter 80, the discharge port 70 always outputs slag that meets the requirements. In this process, the slag will not stick to or block the discharge port. The soil material enters the feed port through the end of the slag identification system 50; the slag identification system 50 includes an identification device 51, a feed conveyor belt 52 and a bracket 53; wherein the identification device is installed above the feed conveyor belt 52 through the bracket 53, and the identification device 51 contains a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager; the driving device 32 is controlled by the slag identification system 50, and the laser scanner in the slag identification system can identify the particle size of the slag, and the infrared sensor and the thermal imager can identify its moisture content, thereby controlling the driving device 32 to adjust the speed of the roller 31.

[0044] Furthermore, side walls 40 and 41 are provided on the sides of the dewatering mechanism 60 of the high-water content shield slag crushing device; the crushed slag enters the dewatering mechanism 60, and due to the obstruction of the side walls 40 and 41, the crushed slag will not fly out of the dewatering mechanism 60.

[0045] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the roller cutters 61 in the dewatering mechanism 60 are axially distributed on the inner shaft in a spiral manner, and the roller cutters 61 rotate at a high speed to drive the water-containing debris to move forward.

[0046] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the lower surface of the dewatering mechanism 60 is a separation filter 80, and the aperture of the separation filter 80 is sufficient to allow only water to pass through; the water-soaked soil is expelled from the soil by the spiral extrusion of the dewatering mechanism, and the water falls onto the drainage board 100 through the separation filter 80. The soil after water removal is transported to the end by the dewatering mechanism 60 and discharged through the discharge port 70, which can be collected by an external collection device; the filtered water flows on the drainage board 100 to the water outlet 90 for discharge.

[0047] Furthermore, the surface of the separation filter 80 is coated with a nano-coating to prevent soil with too high a moisture content from adhering to the filter.

[0048] Furthermore, the roller cutters 33 in the crushing mechanism 30 are arranged axially on the roller shaft 31, and the spacing between the roller cutters 33 is less than 1 mm, ensuring that the roller cutters 33 can fully contact and crush the input debris; the roller cutters 33 of the crushing mechanism 30 are distributed laterally along the rolling device, and the roller cutters 33 are staggered between the two roller shafts 31.

[0049] Furthermore, the rollers on the dehydration mechanism 60 are distributed in a spiral manner along the axial direction, and the distance between the rollers and the separation filter 80 on the lower surface is 1 cm.

[0050] Furthermore, the discharge port is arranged on the right side of the dewatering mechanism 60, and an external collecting device can be used to collect the crushed debris.

[0051] Furthermore, the drainage board 100 disposed below the separation filter 80 is disposed at an angle, and the separated water passes through the drainage board 100 and is discharged from the water outlet.

[0052] In some possible embodiments, a moving device 110 is provided at the bottom of the housing 10, and the moving device adopts a roller structure to facilitate the movement of the entire device;

[0053] Furthermore, the slag identification system 50 in this embodiment is a device specifically for real-time identification and analysis of slag generated during shield tunnel construction. The soil and rock mixture excavated by the shield machine (i.e., shield slag) has a complex composition, and different distributions and properties will directly affect the subsequent slag treatment, crushing and recycling process. By efficiently and accurately judging the physical and chemical properties of shield slag, the slag identification system can provide data support for subsequent slag treatment, ensuring that the working parameters of the crusher can be optimized and adjusted according to different types of slag, thereby achieving environmental protection and effective use of resources.

[0054] Among them, for the components of the slag identification system: the slag identification system 51 has the following devices:

[0055] (1) Laser scanning sensor: used to detect the particle shape and size of shield slag. Laser scanning technology can provide high-precision three-dimensional point cloud data, analyze the particle distribution characteristics of slag, and determine the fineness and particle shape of the soil. The advantage of laser scanning sensor is that it is non-contact measurement and can quickly obtain a wide range of three-dimensional information, which is suitable for dynamic monitoring.

[0056] (2) Infrared sensors and thermal imagers:

[0057] Infrared sensors are used to detect the temperature of the slag, and thermal imagers can provide more detailed temperature distribution maps. This helps to determine the moisture content of shield slag, as soil with different moisture contents will have different temperature performances.

[0058] (3) Data processing unit

[0059] Data acquisition module: collects and integrates data from various sensors in real time and performs preliminary preprocessing.

[0060] Classification algorithm: Use the YOLO (You On ly Look Once) series of algorithms to analyze the processed data and determine the type and properties of the slag.

[0061] (4) Control system

[0062] Real-time control module: after receiving the output results from the data processing unit, it automatically calculates the crusher working parameters (such as rotation speed, feed speed, etc.) suitable for the current properties of the slag.

[0063] Human-machine interaction interface: Provides a user-friendly interface to display recognition results, equipment status and related parameters, facilitating real-time monitoring and manual adjustment by operators

[0064] The implementation process of identification and control is as follows:

[0065] This device is used to detect the type of slag. Before starting deep learning, 3,000 videos of each type of slag are prepared as training data (the more thorough the learning, the more comprehensive the features contained in the training data, the better the training effect, and the higher the recognition accuracy). The environment for obtaining training data is consistent with the actual working environment.

[0066] Data collection: When the crushing mechanism is running, the sensors start to work simultaneously, collecting relevant data of the slag in real time and obtaining the geometric and thermal properties of the slag.

[0067] Data processing:

[0068] Data integration: The data acquisition module integrates the data from various sensors to form a unified data set.

[0069] Signal processing: Signal processing algorithms denoise and filter data to ensure data accuracy.

[0070] Feature extraction: Extract key features from the processed data to provide a data basis for subsequent classification algorithms.

[0071] Category Identification

[0072] The processed data is analyzed using classification algorithms to identify the types of muck and its characteristics.

[0073] Model call: Call the trained classification model based on the current data characteristics.

[0074] Classification judgment: Output the category of slag, such as soil, mixed slag, rock slag, etc., and provide its physical properties.

[0075] Result output: The recognition result is fed back to the human-computer interaction interface through the control system for the operator to view.

[0076] Control command generation

[0077] Parameter calculation: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters based on the identified type and properties of the slag.

[0078] The control system generates corresponding control instructions and sends them to the driving unit of the crusher.

[0079] Crushing mechanism adjustment

[0080] The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its working parameters according to the control instructions received. The control instructions are transmitted to the motor controller (single-chip microcomputer), and the parameters are adjusted through the servo motor of the crushing mechanism to ensure that the crusher operates at the best efficiency.

[0081] How to determine the crushing speed based on the collected particle size and water content; how to establish a quantitative relationship between the three

[0082]

[0083] Among them, V is the grinding speed in thousands of revolutions per minute, D is the particle size in mm, and H is the moisture content.

[0084] k1, k2 are constants related to material and machine characteristics

[0085] n1, n2 indicate the index of the influence of particle size and water content on the crushing speed

[0086] A set of parameters suitable for this machine is

[0087] k1=0.5,k2=0.2 ， n1=2,n2=1.5

[0088] Furthermore, the above parameter acquisition method is specifically: obtaining the above parameters by conducting an orthogonal experiment, as follows:

[0089] 1. Use this machine to crush the slag under different particle sizes and moisture content conditions, and record the following data: the average particle size of materials with different particle sizes after crushing; the crushing efficiency and output under different moisture contents; the actual speed of the crusher and the corresponding output.

[0090] 2. Use regression analysis to fit the data and obtain the estimated values ​​of k1, k2, n1, and n2.

[0091] 3. Based on the estimated value, continue to carry out the crushing work for verification and debugging to obtain the final value.

[0092] In this embodiment, a crushing blade and a spiral extrusion dehydration structure are provided. After the soil material enters the device, it passes through the first layer of the crushing structure and the second layer of the dehydration structure in sequence and is filtered through the filter screen, so that the discharge port always outputs the residue that meets the particle size requirements, and in this process, the residue does not stick together and block the discharge port.

Claims

1. A high-water content shield slag crushing device, comprising a shell, a feed port, a crushing mechanism, a dehydrating mechanism, a separation mechanism and a control system, wherein both ends of the crushing mechanism are connected to the shell and installed on the outer wall of the shell, and a feed port is provided on the top of the shell for inputting soil materials; a dehydrating mechanism is provided below the crushing mechanism, and a separation filter is provided on the lower surface of the dehydrating mechanism, and a drainage plate is provided below the dehydrating mechanism, and the drainage plate is connected to the water outlet on the shell, and the end of the dehydrating mechanism is connected to the discharge port on the shell; characterized in that It also includes a slag identification system, which includes a feed conveyor belt, a bracket and an identification device. The identification equipment is installed above the feed conveyor belt through the bracket, and includes a laser scanning sensor, an infrared sensor and a thermal imager. The laser scanning sensor is used to detect the particle shape and size of the shield slag; the infrared sensor is used to detect the temperature of the slag, and the thermal imager is used to provide a temperature distribution map; the control system controls the crushing mechanism according to the data detected by the laser scanning sensor, the infrared sensor and the thermal imager.

2. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the separation filter screen is coated with a nano coating.

3. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pulverizing mechanism comprises a plurality of rollers, on which roller cutters are arranged, the roller cutters are distributed transversely along the rolling device, and the roller cutters are staggered between adjacent rollers.

4. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rollers of the dehydration mechanism are distributed in a spiral manner along the axial direction, and the rollers are at a set distance from the separation filter.

5. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drainage board is arranged obliquely along the drainage direction.

6. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a moving device, which is located at the bottom of the high-water content shield slag crushing device.

7. The high-water content shield slag crushing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side of the dehydration mechanism is provided with a side wall.

8. The method for crushing by the shield slag crushing device with high moisture content according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: as follows: Step 1: The laser scanning sensor, infrared sensor and thermal imager collect relevant data of the slag in real time to obtain the geometric and thermal properties of the slag; Step 2 integrates the data obtained in step 1 to form a unified data set, and performs signal processing and feature extraction; Step 3: De-noise and filter the data set to ensure the accuracy of the data; Step 4 extracts key features from the data in step 3; Step 5: Identify the type and characteristics of the slag through key features; Step 6: Call the trained classification model based on the current data features; Step 7: The classification model performs classification judgment, outputs the category of the slag, and provides its physical properties; Step 8: The recognition result in step 7 is fed back to the control system; Step 9: The control system calculates the optimal crushing parameters according to the identified type and properties of the slag; the control system generates corresponding control instructions and sends them to the driving unit of the crushing mechanism; Step 10: The crushing mechanism automatically adjusts its working parameters according to the received control instructions.

9. The pulverizing method of the shield slag pulverizing device with high moisture content according to claim 8, characterized in that: The speed formula of the driving unit of the crushing mechanism is as follows: Wherein, V is the grinding speed in thousand revolutions per minute, D is the particle size in mm, and H is the moisture content; k1, k2 are constants related to material and machine characteristics; n 1, n2 is an index that shows the influence of particle size and water content on the crushing speed.

10. The pulverizing method of the shield slag pulverizing device with high moisture content according to claim 9, characterized in that: The method for determining k1, k2, n1, and n2 is as follows: Use a high-moisture shield slag crushing device to crush slag with different particle sizes and moisture contents, and record the following data: including the average particle size of materials with different particle sizes after crushing; crushing efficiency and output under different moisture contents; actual speed of the crusher and the corresponding output; Use regression analysis to fit the data and get the estimated values ​​of k1, k2, n1, and n2; based on the estimated values, continue to carry out crushing work for verification and debugging to get the final values.

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