Ecological restoration structure for treating open stope step slope

Abstract

The ecological restoration structure is characterized in that a plurality of rows of grouting holes are drilled in the step side slope from the top to the bottom, anchor rods are arranged on the inner sides of the grouting holes, and mortar filling layers are arranged between the anchor rods and the grouting holes; the grouting holes in each row are connected and fixed through transverse supporting ropes, and the vertical corresponding grouting holes in each row are connected and fixed through longitudinal supporting ropes; a plurality of square-shaped areas are formed between the transverse supporting ropes and the longitudinal supporting ropes. Galvanized steel wire grids are connected with the adjacent transverse supporting ropes, the adjacent longitudinal supporting ropes and the adjacent anchor rods in each square-shaped area through sewing steel ropes. A galvanized steel wire rope net is arranged above each galvanized steel wire grid from the top to the bottom of the step slope, and the galvanized steel wire rope nets are fixedly connected with the anchor rods, the transverse supporting ropes and the longitudinal supporting ropes. A net hanging spray-seeding layer is further arranged on the outer side of the step slope. By applying the method, the problems that in the background technology, loose objects on the step slope of the open stope are loose in structure and poor in stability, and bedrock layers are prone to being affected by weathering and karst can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of open-pit mine step slope management, and in particular relates to an ecological restoration structure for managing open-pit mine step slopes. Background Art

[0002] The step slope of the open pit is one of the major hidden dangers in the safe production of open pit mines. The stability of the step slope of the open pit mine is an important prerequisite for the normal production of the mine. The landslide control of the step slope of the open pit mine is an indispensable part of the mining engineering and technical work. In order to ensure the stability of the step slope of the open pit mine, more than 90% of the surface of the step slope of the open pit mine area is covered by loose deposits, including loose deposits, residual slope accumulation layers, artificial accumulation layers, red and loess layers, or waste rocks and tailings piled up in the early mining, etc., which causes the loose materials to have loose structure and poor stability, and the bedrock layer is affected by weathering and karstification. The local soft interlayer and broken belt bring major safety hazards to ground buildings, on-site production equipment, materials, personnel, etc. Affected by the drastic impact of mining activities, the topsoil of the open pit mine is stripped, the surface morphology is changed, the original surface has lost its original characteristics, and there are still many extreme physical and chemical properties that harm the environment. Due to the large slope of the open-pit mine, the height of each step is 12-15m. The topsoil layer was destroyed during blasting, and the slope is all rocky. There is a serious lack of water, the soil is poor, the organic matter content is extremely low, the nutrients are unbalanced, and there are many substances that restrict plant growth. It is prone to geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides, and there are serious natural phenomena such as soil erosion. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention provides an ecological restoration structure for the step slope of an open pit, which can solve the problems in the background technology that the loose materials on the step slope of an open pit are all loose in structure and poor in stability, and the bedrock layer is susceptible to weathering and karstification. The technical solution to the technical problem is as follows:

[0004] The present invention provides an ecological restoration structure for managing step slopes in an open-pit mine, including a step slope, wherein a plurality of rows of grouting holes are drilled from the top downward, an anchor rod is arranged inside each of the grouting holes, and a mortar filling layer is arranged between the anchor rod and the grouting hole; the grouting holes in each row are connected and fixed by transverse support ropes, and the grouting holes in each vertically corresponding row are connected and fixed by longitudinal support ropes; a plurality of "mouth"-shaped areas are formed between each of the transverse support ropes and each of the longitudinal support ropes, and a galvanized steel wire grating is arranged in each of the "mouth"-shaped areas and connected with adjacent transverse support ropes, longitudinal support ropes and anchor rods by sewing steel ropes; a galvanized steel wire rope net is arranged above each of the galvanized steel wire gratings from the top downward of the step slope, and the galvanized steel wire rope net is connected and fixed to the anchor rod, the transverse support rope and the longitudinal support rope; a hanging mesh spraying layer is sprayed on the outside of the step slope, and the galvanized steel wire grating and the galvanized steel wire rope net are located inside the hanging mesh spraying layer.

[0005] Furthermore, the anchor rods include a row of top anchor rods arranged at the top of the step slope and multiple rows of reinforcement anchor rods and ordinary anchor rods on the slope body. The reinforcement anchor rods and ordinary anchor rods are arranged at intervals. Each of the reinforcement anchor rods is provided with an anchor rod supporting steel rope. The other end of the anchor rod supporting steel rope is connected to a steel rope anchor rod. The steel rope anchor rod is inserted into the step slope.

[0006] Furthermore, a steel rope anchor exposed ring sleeve is provided at the top of the steel rope anchor, and the steel rope anchor exposed ring sleeve is connected to the anchor support steel rope.

[0007] Furthermore, the plane formed by the transverse support rope and the longitudinal support rope is 80-90° with the anchor rod.

[0008] Furthermore, the mortar filling layer is formed by pouring M30 cement mortar.

[0009] Furthermore, the specification of the "mouth"-shaped area is 1.0*1.0m.

[0010] Furthermore, the mesh spraying layer has a thickness of 8-12 cm, including a mesh guest soil layer and a mesh holding soil layer formed by spraying from bottom to top.

[0011] Furthermore, the galvanized steel wire rope net at the top of the step slope is 50-80 cm out of the top of the slope and buried in the soil layer at the top of the slope; the overlap of two adjacent galvanized steel wire rope nets is not less than 15 cm and is connected by sewing steel ropes.

[0012] Furthermore, the specification of the galvanized steel wire rope net is 6.6cm*6.5cm, φ=0.2cm.

[0013] Furthermore, a sensor is provided on the anchor rod inside the grouting hole, and the sensor is connected to a control panel, and the control panel is connected to an alarm device and a signal transmitter.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the ecological restoration structure for managing step slopes in an open-pit mine described in the present invention has a novel structural design. By implementing the ecological restoration structure, it can effectively avoid the loose structure of loose materials on the slope, fix the problems of weathering and karstification of the bedrock layer, eliminate the safety hazards of local weak interlayers and broken belts to ground buildings, on-site production equipment, materials, personnel, etc., form effective protection against step landslides, strengthen the management and control of step landslide signs, improve the safety efficiency of the mine, and prevent step landslide accidents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the side structure of an ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the arrangement and connection of anchor rods, transverse support ropes, longitudinal support ropes, galvanized steel wire gratings and galvanized steel wire rope nets in the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the anchor rod in the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the steel rope anchor in the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 A control schematic diagram of the sensor, control panel, signal transmitter, alarm device and control center in the present invention.

[0020] In the figure: 1. Step slope; 2. Anchor rod; 21. Top anchor rod; 22. Reinforcement anchor rod; 23. Ordinary anchor rod; 3. Grouting hole; 4. Mortar filling layer; 5. Horizontal support rope; 6. Longitudinal support rope; 7. Galvanized steel wire grating; 8. Galvanized steel wire rope net; 9. Stitched steel rope; 10. Hanging net spraying layer; 11. Steel rope anchor rod; 12. Exposed ring of steel rope anchor rod; 13. Anchor rod support steel rope; 14. Sensor; 15. Signal transmitter; 16. Alarm device; 17. Control center; 18. Control panel. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the usual meanings understood by people with general skills in the field to which the present disclosure belongs. "Up", "down", "left", "right", "front", "back" and the like used in the patent application specification and claims of the present disclosure are only used to indicate relative positional relationships. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship also changes accordingly. The parts not described in detail in the present invention are all known technologies of technicians in the technical field.

[0022] Example 1

[0023] like Figure 1-4As shown, the present application discloses an ecological restoration structure for treating a step slope of an open pit, including a step slope 1, wherein the step slope 1 is provided with a plurality of rows of grouting holes 3 drilled from the top downward, wherein an anchor rod 2 welded by threaded steel is arranged inside each grouting hole 3, wherein the end of the anchor rod 2 is preferably exposed 15-20 cm from the slope surface, and a mortar filling layer 4 is arranged between the anchor rod 2 and the grouting hole 3, wherein the mortar filling layer 4 is preferably formed by pouring M30 cement mortar; the anchor rod 2 includes a row of top anchor rods 21 arranged at the top of the step slope 1 And multiple rows of reinforcement anchor rods 22 and common anchor rods 23 on the slope body, the reinforcement anchor rods 22 and the common anchor rods 23 are arranged at intervals, each reinforcement anchor rod 22 is provided with an anchor rod supporting steel rope 13, the other end of the anchor rod supporting steel rope 13 is connected with a steel rope anchor rod 11, and the steel rope anchor rod 11 is inserted into the step slope 1; to facilitate the connection between the steel rope anchor rod 11 and the anchor rod supporting steel rope 13, an exposed steel rope anchor ring 12 is provided on the top of the steel rope anchor rod 11, and the exposed steel rope anchor ring 12 is connected to the anchor rod supporting steel rope 13. Each row of grouting holes 3 is connected and fixed by a transverse support rope 5, and each row of vertically corresponding grouting holes 3 is connected and fixed by a longitudinal support rope 6. The plane formed by the transverse support rope 5 and the longitudinal support rope 6 is 80-90 degrees with the anchor rod 2, so as to improve the survival rate of slope vegetation and prevent slope collapse; a plurality of "mouth" shaped areas are formed between each transverse support rope 5 and each longitudinal support rope 6, and the specification of the "mouth" shaped area is preferably 1.0*1.0m. In each "mouth" shaped area, a galvanized steel wire grille 7 is arranged to be connected to the adjacent transverse support rope 5, longitudinal support rope 6 and anchor rod 2 by sewing steel ropes 9; a galvanized steel wire rope net 8 is arranged above each galvanized steel wire grille 7 from the top of the step slope 1 to the bottom. It is connected and fixed with the anchor rod 2, the transverse support rope 5 and the longitudinal support rope 6 by rope clamps, suture ropes, etc.; the galvanized steel wire rope net 8 at the top of the step slope 1 is 50-80cm out of the top of the slope and buried in the soil layer at the top of the slope, the overlap of two adjacent galvanized steel wire rope nets 8 is not less than 15cm, and the overlap of the galvanized steel wire rope net 8 located below is set at the bottom layer and connected by suture steel rope 9; the specification of the galvanized steel wire rope net 8 is 6.6cm*6.5cm, φ=0.2cm; a hanging mesh spraying layer 10 is sprayed on the outside of the step slope 1, and the galvanized steel wire grille 7 and the galvanized steel wire rope net 8 are located inside the hanging mesh spraying layer 10; the thickness of the hanging mesh spraying layer 10 is 8-12cm, including a hanging mesh guest soil layer and a hanging mesh capacity soil layer formed by spraying from bottom to top.

[0024] Before implementation, the debris, water accumulation and other safety hazards in the frame of the step slope 1 are first cleaned up, and then the grouting hole 3 is formed by drilling holes on the rock slope of the step slope 1, and then the anchor rod 2 is placed in the grouting hole 3, and the top anchor rod 21 is placed at the top position. The slope surface is spaced to set the reinforcement anchor rod 22 and the ordinary anchor rod 23, and the reinforcement anchor rod 22 is then reinforced by the steel rope anchor rod 11 and the anchor rod support steel rope 13, and each anchor rod plays a role in tightening the slope rock. Then, each anchor rod 2 is connected by the transverse support rope 5 and the longitudinal support rope 6 to form a "mouth" shaped area, and a galvanized steel wire grille 7 is set in each "mouth" shaped area. Each galvanized steel wire grille 7 is connected to the adjacent transverse support rope 5, longitudinal support rope 6 and anchor rod 2 by sewing steel rope 9, and then a galvanized steel wire rope net 8 is set, and it is connected and fixed with each anchor rod, transverse and longitudinal support ropes, etc. by rope clamps, sewing steel ropes, etc. Finally, the mesh guest soil layer and the mesh supporting soil layer that form the mesh spraying layer 10 are sprayed in sequence. The mesh guest soil layer is sprayed with seeds, organic fertilizers, etc., and the mesh supporting soil layer is sprayed by a spray-mixing machine by mixing an organic base material composed of peat, organic fertilizer, planting soil, water retaining agent, binder, PH buffer, etc. and water, and sprayed evenly. A thickness indicator pile can be set every 100 square meters on the sprayed slope through steel bars.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] like Figure 1-5 As shown, on the basis of Example 1, the present invention is a structure for ecological restoration of step slopes in an open pit, and an alarm system for preventing step slope collapse can also be set. A sensor 14 is set on the anchor rod 2 inside the grouting hole 3, and the sensor 14 is connected to a control panel 18. The control panel 18 is connected with an alarm device 16 and a signal transmitter 15, and the signal transmitter 15 is connected to the control center 17. When the sensor 14 obtains a landslide signal, the signal is collected by the control panel 18, and then sent to the control center 17 through the signal transmitter 15, and at the same time, an alarm message is sent to the outside world through the alarm device 16, and the alarm device 16 is usually set as an alarm light.

Claims

1. An ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit, comprising a step slope (1), characterized in that: The stepped slope (1) is drilled with multiple rows of grouting holes (3) from top to bottom. An anchor rod (2) is arranged inside each grouting hole (3), and a mortar filling layer (4) is arranged between the anchor rod (2) and the grouting hole (3); each row of the grouting holes (3) is connected and fixed by a transverse support rope (5), and the grouting holes (3) corresponding vertically in each row are connected and fixed by a longitudinal support rope (6); a plurality of "mouth"-shaped areas are formed between each of the transverse support ropes (5) and each of the longitudinal support ropes (6), and a galvanized steel wire grid (7) is connected and arranged in each "mouth"-shaped area with its adjacent transverse support rope (5), longitudinal support rope (6) and anchor rod (2) through a stitching steel wire (9); a galvanized steel wire mesh (8) is arranged from the top of the stepped slope (1) downwards above each of the galvanized steel wire grids (7), and the galvanized steel wire mesh (8) is connected and fixed to the anchor rod (2), transverse support rope (5) and longitudinal support rope (6); a shotcrete layer with mesh (10) is sprayed on the outside of the stepped slope (1), and the galvanized steel wire grid (7) and the galvanized steel wire mesh (8) are located inside the shotcrete layer with mesh (10).

2. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The anchor rod (2) includes a row of coping anchor rods (21) arranged at the top of the stepped slope (1) and multiple rows of reinforcing anchor rods (22) and ordinary anchor rods (23) on the slope body. The reinforcing anchor rods (22) and the ordinary anchor rods (23) are arranged at intervals. An anchor rod support steel wire (13) is arranged on each of the reinforcing anchor rods (22), and the other end of the anchor rod support steel wire (13) is connected to a steel wire anchor rod (11), and the steel wire anchor rod (11) is inserted into the stepped slope (1).

3. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A steel wire anchor rod exposed loop (12) is arranged at the top of the steel wire anchor rod (11), and the steel wire anchor rod exposed loop (12) is connected to the anchor rod support steel wire (13).

4. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The plane formed by the transverse support rope (5) and the longitudinal support rope (6) forms an angle of 80-90° with the anchor rod (2).

5. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mortar filling layer (4) is formed by pouring M30 cement mortar.

6. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specification of the "mouth"-shaped area is 1.0*1.0m.

7. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The thickness of the shotcrete layer with mesh (10) is 8-12 cm, and it includes a mesh-covered soil layer and a mesh-covered soil storage layer sprayed from bottom to top.

8. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The galvanized steel wire mesh (8) at the top position of the stepped slope (1) extends 50-80 cm out of the slope top and is buried in the soil layer of the slope top; the overlap of adjacent two galvanized steel wire meshes (8) is not less than 15 cm and is connected by a stitching steel wire (9).

9. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specification of the galvanized steel wire mesh (8) is 6.6 cm*6.5 cm, φ = 0.2 cm.

10. The ecological restoration structure for treating step slopes in an open pit according to claim 1, characterized in that: An inductor (14) is arranged on the anchor rod (2) inside the grouting hole (3). The inductor (14) is connected to a control board (18), and an alarm device (16) and a signal transmitter (15) are connected to the control board (18).

Images