A spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables

Abstract

The present invention discloses a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables, which belongs to the technical field of deployable structures. The spoke-type retractable roof structure includes a cable truss structure and a plate-shell structure. The cable truss structure includes three types of connection nodes and three cables. The three types of connection nodes are upper / lower outer ring fixed nodes and inner ring free nodes. The three cables are ring cables, upper oblique cables, and lower oblique cables. The ring cables pass through the inner ring free nodes on the first circular line in sequence, the upper oblique cables alternately pass through the inner ring free nodes and upper outer ring fixed nodes distributed on the first and second circular lines, and the lower oblique cables alternately pass through the inner ring free nodes and lower outer ring fixed nodes distributed on the first and third circular lines. The lengths of the three cables are adjustable to realize the closing and unfolding of the cable truss structure, further driving the closing and unfolding of the plate-shell structure, that is, the closing and unfolding of the spoke-type retractable roof structure, meeting the roof opening requirements under different conditions. The structural composition and control method are simple, and it has a high storage ratio.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cable dome structures and deployable structures, in particular to a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables. Background Art

[0002] Against this backdrop, with advancements in technology, the introduction of new materials, and the demonstration of new methods, large-span spatial structures are constantly being enriched and developed. Prestressed structures such as tensegrity, cable-truss, and chord-supported structures are also developing.

[0003] Cable-truss structures inherit the concept of tensegrity and are composed of multiple cables and a small number of struts. Therefore, they offer numerous advantages, such as light weight and simple structure. However, traditional cable-truss structures remain largely static, with limited research on integrating deployable and cable-truss structures. Furthermore, most of these studies still rely on a combination of struts and cables, which presents challenges such as high steel consumption, demanding construction requirements, and limited control methods. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of research on the application of flexible structures that can be opened and closed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables, which adopts a flexible cable truss structure, so that the structure has the advantages of flexibility and retractability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a technical solution:

[0006] A sliding cable-driven spoke-type retractable roof structure comprises a cable truss structure and a plate shell structure. The cable truss structure comprises three types of connection nodes and three cables. The three types of connection nodes comprise an upper outer ring fixed node, a lower outer ring fixed node, and an inner ring free node.

[0007] p inner ring free nodes are evenly distributed along the first circular ring line, p upper outer ring fixed nodes are evenly distributed along the second circular ring line, and p lower outer ring fixed nodes are evenly distributed along the third circular ring line. The first circular ring line, the second circular ring line, and the third circular ring line are coaxial, and the upper outer ring fixed nodes and the lower outer ring fixed nodes are symmetrical about the plane where the first circular ring line is located;

[0008] The three cables include a ring cable, an upper oblique cable and a lower oblique cable. The ring cable passes through the inner ring free node on the first circular line in sequence to form a closed loop with an adjustable length. The upper oblique cable alternately passes through the inner ring free node on the first circular line and the upper outer ring fixed node on the second circular line to form a closed loop with an adjustable length. The lower oblique cable alternately passes through the inner ring free node on the first circular line and the lower outer ring fixed node on the third circular line to form a closed loop with an adjustable length.

[0009] The plate-shell structure is a planar structure composed of p identical isosceles triangle plates slidingly spliced ​​together, wherein the vertices of the p isosceles triangle plates are fixed at the inner ring free nodes on the first circular ring line, and the bases of the p isosceles triangle plates can move along the straight line on which they are located. During the opening and closing process, the center of the plate-shell structure encloses a polygonal opening area;

[0010] By adjusting the length of the three cables, the cable truss structure can be closed and expanded, which further drives the closing and expansion of the plate and shell structure, that is, the closing and expansion of the spoke-type retractable roof structure.

[0011] Furthermore, each cable is controlled by an independent cable length adjustment device.

[0012] Furthermore, the radius of the second circular line and the third circular line is the same and greater than the radius of the first circular line.

[0013] Furthermore, pulley one, pulley two and pulley three are provided at the free node of the inner ring, pulley one is located in the plane where the first circular line is located, and pulley two and pulley three are symmetrical about the plane where the first circular line is located; pulley four is provided at the fixed node of the upper outer ring, and the upper oblique cable alternately passes through pulley four and pulley two, and pulley four faces the midpoint of the line connecting a pair of adjacent pulleys two connected to it by the upper oblique cable; pulley five is provided at the fixed node of the lower outer ring, and the lower oblique cable alternately passes through pulley five and pulley three, and pulley five faces the midpoint of the line connecting a pair of adjacent pulleys three connected to it by the lower oblique cable; pulley one, pulley two and pulley three are movable pulleys, and pulley four and pulley five are fixed pulleys.

[0014] Furthermore, the loop rope passes through pulleys 1 at the free nodes of the inner ring on the first circular ring line in sequence to form a closed loop.

[0015] Furthermore, the upper oblique cable is alternately wound around pulley four at the upper outer ring fixed node on the second circular line and pulley two at the inner ring free node on the first circular line to form a closed loop; the lower oblique cable is alternately wound around pulley five at the lower outer ring fixed node on the third circular line and pulley three at the inner ring free node on the first circular line to form a closed loop.

[0016] Furthermore, by adjusting the cable length adjustment device of each cable to increase the length of the upper oblique cable and the lower oblique cable, shorten the length of the ring cable, and close the cable truss structure; by adjusting the cable length adjustment device of each cable to shorten the length of the upper oblique cable and the lower oblique cable, increase the length of the ring cable, and expand the cable truss structure.

[0017] Furthermore, during the closing process of the cable truss structure, the plate and shell structure gathers toward the center of the first circular line, thereby realizing the closing of the spoke-type retractable roof structure; during the unfolding process of the cable truss structure, the plate and shell structure radiates toward the surrounding areas of the center of the first circular line, thereby realizing the unfolding of the spoke-type retractable roof structure.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper outer ring fixed node and the lower outer ring fixed node are both fixed on the external frame, the inner side of the external frame is provided with a column slide rail, and the bottom edge of each isosceles triangle plate in the plate-shell structure is provided with a unit body first slide rail, and the unit body first slide rail is slidably connected to the column slide rail on the external frame on the corresponding side. During the unfolding of the cable truss structure, the unit body first slide rail and the column slide rail produce relative displacement.

[0019] Furthermore, the two side edges of each isosceles triangle plate in the plate-shell structure are respectively provided with a unit body second slide rail and a unit body third slide rail. The unit body second slide rail of each isosceles triangle plate is slidably connected with the unit body third slide rail of the adjacent isosceles triangle plate to form a planar structure. During the unfolding of the cable truss structure, relative displacement occurs between the adjacent isosceles triangle plates.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] 1. The present invention provides a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables. It adopts the form of continuous cables and pulleys, and can drive the structural deformation by simply adjusting the length of the cables. While reducing the complexity of the structural control and monitoring systems, it also reduces the complexity of the nodes at the cable-rod connection.

[0022] 2. This invention provides a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables. Previous inventions have focused solely on cable-net structures, lacking the wind and rain protection provided by plate-shell structures. This invention combines the advantages of both, adding deployable features to the structure, significantly improving its applicability and functionality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the present invention after combining (a) and separating (b) the cable truss structure and the plate shell structure; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the plate and shell structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the cable truss structure of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a structural diagram of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the upper outer ring fixed node of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the lower outer ring fixed node of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the inner ring free node of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the plate and shell unit body of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of the column slide rail of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of the process of structural change of the present invention;

[0032] In the figure: 1-upper outer ring fixed node; 2-lower outer ring fixed node; 3-inner ring free node; 4-ring rope; 5-upper oblique rope; 6-lower oblique rope; 7-plate and shell structure; 101-pulley four; 102-upper connecting member; 103-upper connecting plate; 201-pulley five; 202-lower connecting member; 203-lower connecting plate; 301-pulley one; 302-pulley two; 303-pulley three; 304-rigid connection structure; 701-first slide rail of the unit body; 702-second slide rail of the unit body; 703-third slide rail of the unit body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings to provide a clear and complete description of the technology used in the implementation of this invention. It is true that the embodiments described below are only some of the embodiments of this invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0034] Please see the attached Figure 1 and Figure 4 The present invention proposes a spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables. The entire structure has 3p nodes and three length-adjustable cables to form a cable truss structure. Figure 3 As shown;

[0035] The 3p nodes include p upper outer ring fixed nodes 1, p lower outer ring fixed nodes 2, and p inner ring free nodes 3, totaling three types of nodes. The upper outer ring fixed nodes are located on the second circular line, the lower outer ring fixed nodes are located on the third circular line, and the inner ring free nodes are located on the first circular line. The nodes located on the second circular line and the nodes on the third circular line are symmetrical about the plane of the first circular line. The radii of the second and third circular lines are the same and larger than the radius of the first circular line. The upper outer ring fixed nodes 1 and the lower outer ring fixed nodes 2 are both fixed to the external frame.

[0036] The three cables include a ring cable 4, an upper oblique cable 5, and a lower oblique cable 6, wherein the ring cable 4 passes through p inner ring free nodes in sequence to form a closed loop, and is divided into p uniform segments by the nodes, the upper oblique cable alternately passes through p upper outer ring fixed nodes and p inner ring free nodes, and is divided into 2p uniform segments by the nodes, and the lower oblique cable alternately passes through p lower outer ring fixed nodes and p inner ring free nodes, and is divided into 2p uniform segments by the nodes.

[0037] like Figure 2 As shown, the plate shell structure 7 of the present invention is composed of p triangular plates, one of the top ends of each triangular plate is fixed to a corresponding inner ring free node 3, and is connected in a hinged manner, as shown in FIG. Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, each triangular plate functions as a plate-shell unit, with a first unit rail 701 located on its bottom edge and second and third unit rails 702 and 703 located on its sides. The first unit rail 701 is slidably connected to the column rail 8 on the corresponding external frame. During deployment of the cable truss structure, the first unit rail 701 and column rail 8 experience relative displacement. Each isosceles triangular plate in the plate-shell structure has its second unit rail 702 interconnected with the third unit rail 703 of the adjacent isosceles triangular plate to form a planar structure. During deployment of the cable truss structure, adjacent isosceles triangular plates experience relative displacement.

[0038] The hoop cables sequentially pass through the nodes on the first circular line, the upper oblique cables alternately pass through the nodes on the first and second circular lines, and the lower oblique cables alternately pass through the nodes on the first and third circular lines. The three cables are adjustable in length, enabling the spoke-type cable truss structure to close and unfold, while also driving the closing and unfolding of the plate and shell structure.

[0039] In the initial state, each group of nodes is evenly distributed on its own circular ring line, and the nodes located at the ring cable are connected by movable pulleys; the two groups of oblique cables are connected to the outer ring nodes by fixed pulleys and to the inner ring nodes by movable pulleys.

[0040] like Figure 1 The 3p nodes shown can be obtained by rotating the initial 3 nodes to obtain the initial coordinates of the 3p nodes. The specific calculation is as follows:

[0041] The initial unit matrix N consists of 3 nodes i,0 (i=1,2,3):

[0042] N 1,0 =T1[r00h1] T

[0043] N 2,0 =T2[R0h2] T

[0044] N 3,0 =T3[R0-h2] T

[0045] Where R is the outer ring radius (i.e., the radius of the second and third circular rings), r0 is the inner ring radius (i.e., the radius of the first circular ring), and h2 is the reference height relative to the reference plane h1. The horizontal plane where the inner rings are located is used as the reference plane h1, that is, h1 = 0, thus setting the relative heights of the two sets of outer rings. T1 and T2 are rotation matrices used to control the deviation value of the initial node; T3 is the rotation matrix used to control the total rotation amount of this type of node, as follows:

[0046]

[0047] The coordinate matrices of other nodes are as follows:

[0048]

[0049] Among them, u is the number of the node unit, and there are p node units in total; for N 1,u When calculating, u=[1,p]; for N 2,u When calculating, u=[0,p-1]; for N 3,u During calculation, u = [0, p-1]; therefore, the positions of 3p nodes are obtained in total.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the nodes are located on three rings. The nodes on the two outer rings are fixed nodes, totaling 2p fixed nodes; the nodes on the inner ring are all free nodes, totaling p free nodes.

[0051] In a specific implementation of the present invention, the structure design of the two sets of outer ring fixed nodes is as follows Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the structure of the free node is designed as follows Figure 7 shown.

[0052] like Figure 5 As shown, a pulley 4 101 is provided at the fixed node of the upper outer ring, and the pulley 4 101 is connected to an upper connecting plate 103 fixed to the external frame through an upper connecting member 102. Figure 5 As shown, a pulley five 201 is provided at the fixed node of the lower outer ring, and the pulley five 201 is connected to a lower connecting plate 203 fixed to the external frame through a lower connecting member 202.

[0053] like Figure 7As shown, three pulleys are provided at the free nodes of the inner ring, which are named pulley 1 301, pulley 2 302 and pulley 3 303 respectively. The three pulleys are combined together by a rigid connection structure 304. Pulley 1 is located in the plane where the first circular line is located, and pulley 2 and pulley 3 are symmetrical about the plane where the first circular line is located.

[0054] The circular rope is sequentially wound around pulley one at the inner ring free node on the first circular line; the upper oblique rope is alternately wound around pulley four at the outer ring fixed node on the second circular line and pulley two at the inner ring free node on the first circular line; pulley four faces the midpoint of the line connecting a pair of adjacent pulleys two connected to it through the upper oblique rope; the lower oblique rope is alternately wound around pulley five at the outer ring fixed node on the third circular line and pulley three at the inner ring free node on the first circular line; pulley five faces the midpoint of the line connecting a pair of adjacent pulleys three connected to it through the lower oblique rope.

[0055] The working principle of the present invention is as follows: the structure has three cables, each cable includes a length adjustment device for adjusting the cable length, thereby realizing the opening size of the structure. The opening and closing degree of the entire structure can be controlled by the expansion coefficient, realizing the closing and expansion of the cable truss structure, and further realizing the closing and expansion of the plate shell structure. Figure 10 As shown, during the closing process, the lengths of the upper and lower oblique cables increase, and the length of the loop cable decreases; during the expansion process, the lengths of the upper and lower oblique cables decrease, and the length of the loop cable increases.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spoke-type retractable roof structure driven by sliding cables, characterized in that: It comprises a cable truss structure and a plate shell structure (7), wherein the cable truss structure comprises three types of connection nodes and three cables; The three types of connection nodes include upper outer ring fixed nodes (1), lower outer ring fixed nodes (2) and inner ring free nodes (3); p inner ring free nodes are evenly distributed along a first circular line, p upper outer ring fixed nodes are evenly distributed along a second circular line, and p lower outer ring fixed nodes are evenly distributed along a third circular line; the first circular line, the second circular line and the third circular line are coaxial; the radii of the second circular line and the third circular line are the same and larger than the radius of the first circular line; the upper outer ring fixed nodes and the lower outer ring fixed nodes are symmetrical about the plane where the first circular line is located; The three cables include a ring cable (4), an upper oblique cable (5) and a lower oblique cable (6); the ring cable (4) sequentially passes through the inner ring free node (3) on the first circular line to form a closed loop with an adjustable length; the upper oblique cable (5) alternately passes through the inner ring free node (3) on the first circular line and the upper outer ring fixed node (1) on the second circular line to form a closed loop with an adjustable length; the lower oblique cable (6) alternately passes through the inner ring free node (3) on the first circular line and the lower outer ring fixed node (2) on the third circular line to form a closed loop with an adjustable length; The plate-shell structure (7) is a planar structure composed of p identical isosceles triangle plates that are slidably spliced ​​together, the vertices of the p isosceles triangle plates being fixed at the inner ring free nodes (3) on the first circular ring line, and the bases of the p isosceles triangle plates being able to move along the straight line on which they are located, and the center of the plate-shell structure forms a polygonal opening area during the opening and closing process; By adjusting the lengths of the three cables, the cable truss structure can be closed and unfolded, which further drives the plate shell structure (7) to close and unfold, that is, the spoke-type retractable roof structure to close and unfold.

2. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each cable is controlled by an independent cable length adjustment device.

3. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner ring free node (3) is provided with pulley one (301), pulley two (302) and pulley three (303), the pulley one is located in the plane where the first circular line is located, and pulley two and pulley three are symmetrical about the plane where the first circular line is located; the upper outer ring fixed node (1) is provided with pulley four (101), the upper oblique cable alternately passes through pulley four (101) and pulley two (302), and pulley four (101) faces a pair of adjacent pulleys connected to it by the upper oblique cable. The midpoint of the line connecting the pulleys 1 and 2 (302); a pulley 5 (201) is provided at the fixed node (2) of the lower outer ring, and the lower oblique rope alternately passes through the pulley 5 (201) and the pulley 3 (303), and the pulley 5 (201) faces the midpoint of the line connecting a pair of adjacent pulleys 3 (303) connected to it by the lower oblique rope; the pulley 1 (301), the pulley 2 (302) and the pulley 3 (303) are movable pulleys, and the pulley 4 (101) and the pulley 5 (201) are fixed pulleys.

4. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The loop rope (4) passes through the pulleys at the inner ring free nodes (3) on the first circular line in sequence to form a closed loop.

5. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The upper oblique cable (5) is alternately wound around the pulley four at the upper outer ring fixed node on the second circular line and the pulley two at the inner ring free node on the first circular line to form a closed loop; the lower oblique cable (6) is alternately wound around the pulley five at the lower outer ring fixed node on the third circular line and the pulley three at the inner ring free node on the first circular line to form a closed loop.

6. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: By adjusting the cable length adjustment device of each cable to increase the length of the upper oblique cable (5) and the lower oblique cable (6), shorten the length of the ring cable (4), and close the cable truss structure; by adjusting the cable length adjustment device of each cable to shorten the length of the upper oblique cable (5) and the lower oblique cable (6), increase the length of the ring cable (4), and expand the cable truss structure.

7. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: During the closing process of the cable truss structure, the plate shell structure (7) gathers toward the center of the first circular line, thereby realizing the closing of the spoke-type retractable roof structure; during the unfolding process of the cable truss structure, the plate shell structure (7) radiates toward the periphery of the center of the first circular line, thereby realizing the unfolding of the spoke-type retractable roof structure.

8. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper outer ring fixed node (1) and the lower outer ring fixed node (2) are both fixed on the external frame, the inner side of the external frame is provided with a column slide rail (8), and the bottom edge of each isosceles triangle plate in the plate shell structure (7) is provided with a unit body first slide rail (701), and the unit body first slide rail (701) is slidably connected to the column slide rail (8) on the external frame on the corresponding side. During the unfolding process of the cable truss structure, the unit body first slide rail (701) and the column slide rail (8) generate relative displacement.

9. The sliding cable driven spoke type retractable roof structure according to claim 8, characterized in that: The two side edges of each isosceles triangle plate in the plate-shell structure are respectively provided with a unit body second slide rail (702) and a unit body third slide rail (703). The unit body second slide rail (702) of each isosceles triangle plate is slidably connected with the unit body third slide rail (703) of the adjacent isosceles triangle plate to form a plane structure. During the unfolding process of the cable truss structure, relative displacement occurs between the adjacent isosceles triangle plates.

Images