A safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore body

Abstract

The application discloses a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which comprises the following steps: dividing the ore body into panels as a mining unit, arranging an upper vein roadway (1) at the upper part of the panel, arranging a lower vein roadway (2) at the lower part of the panel, connecting the upper vein roadway (1) and the lower vein roadway (2) through a cross vein inclined roadway (3), arranging an upper entry level roadway (4) in the ore body from the upper vein roadway (1) in sequence, and adopting horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping to the middle part of the ore body, arranging a lower entry level roadway (5) in the ore body from the lower vein roadway (2) in sequence, and adopting horizontal blast hole (6) advancing type stoping to the middle part of the ore body, arranging a backward type stoping of a downward blast hole (7) in the upper entry level roadway (4), and arranging a backward type stoping of an upward blast hole (9) in the lower entry level roadway (5). According to the method, ore transportation in each step is completed in the level roadway, the working efficiency of the shovel-truck is greatly improved, the risks of tipping and side turning of the shovel-truck are reduced, and the safe and efficient mining of the gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which can be widely applied in underground mining of solid mines such as black, chemical, non-ferrous, gold and coal mines. BACKGROUND

[0002] The gently inclined medium-thick ore body refers to an ore body with an inclination of 5-30° and a thickness of 5-15 m. Due to the gentle inclination of the ore body, the ore in the stope cannot be self-tilted and put, and an electric rake or a shovel loader is usually used to transport the ore.

[0003] The electric rake is mainly used for short-distance scraping and transporting various loose materials on the ground or underground, and is composed of a scraper, a traction steel wire rope, a winch and a pulley. The scraper has teeth at the lower edge, which can be inserted into the ore or waste rock pile; the winch drives the scraper to reciprocate through two steel wire ropes to scrape and transport the ore or waste rock. The electric rake has the problems of high energy consumption, low efficiency, easy damage of the electric rake track and difficult maintenance, and therefore has been listed in the directory of encouraged, restricted and eliminated technologies for mineral resource conservation and comprehensive utilization (Guotu ZCF

[2010] 146) by the former Ministry of Land and Resources.

[0004] The underground shovel loader has the advantages of high mobility, wide range of activities, large production capacity and low production cost, and has become the main transportation equipment for underground mining. However, when the shovel loader is used to transport ore in an inclined tunnel, the slope of the travel route of the shovel loader is not more than 10-12% (5.7-6.8°), and the maximum slope is generally 15% (8.5°). If the slope of the tunnel is too large, the difficulty coefficient of the vehicle climbing the slope will be increased, the working efficiency of the vehicle will be reduced, and there are risks of overturning and side overturning.

[0005] In summary, there is no safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies at present. SUMMARY

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. The traditional mining method has the problems of low working efficiency of the shovel loader and risks of overturning and side overturning due to the large slope of the ore roadway. The mining method provided by the present application can reduce the slope of the tunnel, ensure that the shovel loader basically runs in the flat tunnel, improve the working efficiency of the shovel loader, and reduce the risks of overturning and side overturning during the operation of the shovel loader.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined, medium-thick ore bodies. The method replaces the traditional ore exit inclined tunnel with an upper and lower entry tunnel. Mining is carried out in four steps, with ore transportation completed within the tunnels in each step. This significantly improves the efficiency of the scraper and reduces the risk of tipping or rollover. The method is specifically implemented according to the following technical solutions:

[0008] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange upper vein lanes in the upper part of the panels, and arrange lower vein lanes in the lower part of the panels;

[0009] 2) Arrange a cross-vein inclined tunnel in the adjacent area of ​​each panel area to connect the upper vein tunnel and the lower vein tunnel;

[0010] 3) Arrange several approaches within the panel area, and mine each approach in the following four steps:

[0011] Steps: Arrange upper access lanes from the upper vein lane into the ore body in sequence, arrange horizontal blastholes in the upper access lanes and carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and use scrapers to transport the mined ore through the upper access lanes;

[0012] Steps: Arrange the lower access lanes in sequence from the lower vein lane into the ore body, arrange horizontal blastholes in the lower access lanes and carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body. The mined ore is transported through the lower access lanes by a scraper;

[0013] Steps: Arrange the blasthole in the upper access lane and withdraw the ore backward to the vicinity of the upper vein lane. Use the scraper to transport the ore after the side collapse through the lower access lane;

[0014] Steps: Arrange upward blastholes in the lower access lane and withdraw the ore to the vicinity of the lower vein lane. The ore after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane.

[0015] 4) After all the ore in the upper and lower access lanes has been transported, retaining walls are built at the ends of the upper and lower access lanes respectively to fill and form a filling body;

[0016] 5) Repeat step, step, step, Step 4) and process 4) are followed by alternate mining and filling of the remaining approaches.

[0017] Preferably, the panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; the upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

[0018] The safe and efficient mining method for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies of the present invention has the following beneficial effects after adopting the above technical solution:

[0019] (1) Each step of ore transportation is carried out in the upper access road or the lower access road, which fundamentally solves the traditional mining method of the scraper operating in the inclined road and greatly improves the working efficiency of the scraper.

[0020] (2) In addition to the up and down movement of the scraper, it occasionally passes through the vein inclined tunnel and is in an empty state, which greatly reduces the risk of the scraper tipping over or overturning.

[0021] (3) As the working efficiency of the scraper has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mining site has increased by more than 50%, with significant economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural front view of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the position of a vein-penetrating inclined tunnel in a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0025] Figure 4 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0026] Figure 5 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0027] Figure 6 The invention provides a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies. Step mining cross-section diagram.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural cross-section diagram after filling is completed for a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 The present invention is a production process flow chart of a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies.

[0030] The accompanying drawings are marked as follows: 1-upper vein lane; 2-lower vein lane; 3-through-vein inclined lane; 4-upper access lane; 5-lower access lane; 6-horizontal blasthole; 7-downward blasthole; 8-ore; 9-upward blasthole; 10-retaining wall; 11-filling body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] To better describe the present invention, a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 8 The production process flow chart of the present invention is a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies and is combined with Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 It can be seen that the present invention is a safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, which is implemented by the following processes and steps:

[0033] 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, with an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; arrange an upper vein tunnel 1 in the upper part of the panel, and a lower vein tunnel 2 in the lower part of the panel (see Figure 1 );

[0034] 2) In the adjacent areas of each panel, a cross-vein inclined tunnel 3 is arranged to connect the upper vein tunnel 1 and the lower vein tunnel 2 (see Figure 2 );

[0035] 3) Arrange several routes in the panel area, each route is divided into and Four steps of mining in sequence:

[0036] Steps: Arrange upper access lanes 4 in sequence from the upper vein lane 1 into the ore body. The upper access lanes 4 are 3 to 6 meters wide and 3 to 6 meters high. Arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the upper access lanes 4 and carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body. The mined ore 8 is transported by a scraper through the upper access lanes 4 (see Figure 3 );

[0037] Steps: Arrange the lower access lane 5 from the lower vein lane 2 into the ore body in sequence. The lower access lane 5 has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m. Arrange horizontal blastholes 6 in the lower access lane 5 and carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body. The mined ore 8 is transported by a scraper through the lower access lane 5 (see Figure 4 );

[0038] Steps: Arrange the downward blastholes 7 in the upper access lane 4 and withdraw the ore 8 to the vicinity of the upper vein lane 1. The ore 8 after the side collapse is transported out through the lower access lane 5 by a scraper (see Figure 5 );

[0039] Steps: Arrange upward blastholes 9 in the lower access road 5 and withdraw the ore 8 to the vicinity of the lower vein road 2. The ore 8 after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access road 5 (see Figure 6 );

[0040] 4) After all the ore 8 in the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5 has been transported, retaining walls 10 are built at the ends of the upper access tunnel 4 and the lower access tunnel 5, respectively, to form a filling body 11 (see Figure 7 );

[0041] 5) Repeat step, step, step, Step 4) and process 4) are followed by alternate mining and filling of the remaining approaches.

[0042] In this embodiment, the blasthole parameters are as follows: horizontal blasthole 6 has a diameter of 39-43 mm, a depth of 2.3-3 m, and a spacing of 1.0-1.4 m; downward blasthole 7 has a diameter of 39-44 mm, a depth required to penetrate the ore body floor, a spacing of 1.2-1.5 m between blastholes, and a row spacing of 1.1-1.4 m; upward blasthole 9 has a diameter of 39-44 mm, a depth required to penetrate the ore body roof, a spacing of 1.2-1.5 m between blastholes, and a row spacing of 1.0-1.4 m. The specific dimensions depend on the ore and rock properties at the blasthole locations. With these blasthole parameters, not only is blasting efficiency high, but ore fragmentation and fragmentation distribution are also reasonable, leading to high shoveling efficiency.

[0043] This invention has been successfully applied in several underground iron mines in Anhui and Jiangsu provinces. Field verification shows that the efficiency of scrapers has been greatly improved, the production capacity of the mine has increased by 50%-60%, and the economic benefits are extremely significant, achieving unexpected technical and economic results.

[0044] It should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "middle", "right", "inside", "outside", "front", "back", etc. in the present invention are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred parts or elements must have a specific direction, be constructed and operate in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies, characterized in that The following technical solutions are implemented: 1) Divide the ore body into panels as mining units, arrange an upper vein tunnel (1) in the upper part of the panel, and arrange a lower vein tunnel (2) in the lower part of the panel; 2) Arrange a cross-vein inclined tunnel (3) in adjacent areas of each panel area to connect the upper vein tunnel (1) and the lower vein tunnel (2); 3) Arrange several approaches within the panel area, and mine each approach in the following four steps: Steps: arranging upper approach lanes (4) from the upper vein lane (1) into the ore body in sequence, arranging horizontal blastholes (6) in the upper approach lanes (4) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and transporting the mined ore (8) through the upper approach lanes (4) using a scraper; Steps: arranging lower access lanes (5) from the lower vein lane (2) into the ore body, arranging horizontal blastholes (6) in the lower access lanes (5) to carry out forward mining to the middle of the ore body, and transporting the mined ore (8) through the lower access lanes (5) using a scraper; Steps: Arrange downward blastholes (7) in the upper access lane (4) and withdraw the ore to the vicinity of the upper vein lane (1); and use a scraper to transport the ore (8) after the side collapse through the lower access lane (5); Steps: Arrange upward blastholes (9) in the lower access lane (5) and conduct mining in a backward manner to the vicinity of the lower vein lane (2), and the ore (8) after the collapse is also transported out through the lower access lane (5); 4) After all the ore (8) in the upper access lane (4) and the lower access lane (5) has been transported, retaining walls (10) are built at the ends of the upper access lane (4) and the lower access lane (5), respectively, and filling is performed to form a filling body (11); 5) Repeat step, step, step, Step 4) and process 4) are followed by alternate mining and filling of the remaining approaches.

2. A safe and efficient mining method suitable for gently inclined medium-thick ore bodies according to claim 1, characterized in that: The panel area has an oblique length of 50 to 150 m and a horizontal length of 50 to 200 m; The upper access lane (4) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m; the lower access lane (5) has a width of 3 to 6 m and a height of 3 to 6 m.

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