An intelligent adjustment system for anchor bolt support system in engineering mine roadways

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent adjustment system for an anchor bolt support system in an engineering mine roadway, comprising an anchor bolt stress monitoring device installed on the outside of the rock mass and steel mesh, a real-time data receiving and processing unit, and an adjustment device. The real-time data analysis and processing unit includes a protective box (38) fixed to a crossbar handle, a clutch switch (20) located outside the protective box, a relay gearbox (21) located inside the protective box, a motor rotation controller (36), and a microcomputer (37). The clutch switch, relay gearbox, motor rotation controller, and microcomputer are all intelligently interconnected via wireless signals. This invention enables underground anchor bolts or cables to provide the required preload in real time, ensuring the safety of roadway anchor bolt support, freeing up underground manual labor, and improving underground work efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pre-tightening force adjustment of anchor bolt support in mine roadways, and specifically relates to an intelligent adjustment system for anchor bolt support systems in engineering mine roadways. Background Technology

[0002] Rock mass control in roadways primarily relies on anchor bolts and cables to protect the safety and stability of underground roadways. However, during coal seam mining, deformation, displacement, or even damage to the anchored rock mass can cause the anchor bolts to bear multiple tensile and shear stresses. This alters the contact state between the bolt tray and the nut, leading to loosening of the anchor bolt nut, reduced anchor bolt preload, or even anchor bolt failure.

[0003] To prevent the above situation from occurring, the current method is for staff to judge the stress state and preload of the anchor bolts based on their personal practical experience, that is, to conduct manual monitoring and adjust the preload of the anchor bolts. However, this method requires manual monitoring underground, which is inefficient and cannot monitor the stress state and magnitude of the anchor bolts in real time or accurately adjust the preload of the anchor bolts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides an intelligent adjustment system for an engineering mine roadway anchor bolt support system that can monitor the changes in anchor bolt preload in real time and adjust them accurately and automatically.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] An intelligent adjustment system for an anchor bolt support system in an engineering mine roadway is characterized by comprising an anchor bolt stress monitoring device installed on the outside of the rock mass and the steel mesh, a real-time data receiving and processing unit, and an adjustment device.

[0007] The anchor bolt stress monitoring device includes a metal elastomer sleeved on the anchor bolt between the tray and the anchor bolt nut, a resistance strain gauge disposed at both ends of the metal elastomer and respectively in close contact with the tray and the anchor bolt nut, a resistance strain sensor, and a data cable; the resistance strain gauge and the resistance strain sensor are connected by the data cable.

[0008] The adjusting device includes an inner ring bearing and an outer ring bearing, both concentric with the anchor nut and fixed to the surface of the rock mass; a winch column with three grooves nested between the inner and outer ring bearings, the three grooves being higher than the tail end of the anchor rod; three winches, each fixed within a groove in the winch column; three electric winches evenly distributed around the perimeter of the surrounding rock tunnel, with the anchor rod as the center of gravity, located outside the outer ring bearing; and a mining wrench. The movable gate of the mining wrench clamps the circular hole at the other end of the anchor nut, which is connected to the winch column. The electric winch includes a fixed base, a crossbar handle mounted on the fixed base, a winch drum mounted on the crossbar handle, and a motor connected to the winch drum. The other ends of the three winches are wound and tightened around the three winch drums.

[0009] The real-time data analysis and processing unit includes a protective box fixed to the handle of the crossbar, a clutch switch located outside the protective box, a relay gearbox, a motor rotation controller, and a microcomputer located inside the protective box. The clutch switch, relay gearbox, motor rotation controller, and microcomputer are all intelligently interconnected via wireless signals.

[0010] Furthermore, the cable post includes an outer side of a metal spring body, an inner side of a metal spring body, and steel ball bearings sandwiched between the outer side and the inner side of the metal spring body.

[0011] Furthermore, the inner ring bearing has a diameter of 0.3m, the outer ring bearing has a diameter of 0.35m, and the strand is 4mm × 6m.

[0012] Furthermore, the data line is fitted with a flexible protective tube.

[0013] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0014] This invention can monitor the changes in support resistance of underground anchor bolts and cables in real time. The monitored real-time data is transmitted to a real-time data receiving and processing unit for stress data processing and analysis, and compared with the support resistance monitored at different times. The magnitude of the preload adjustment is transmitted wirelessly to the adjustment device for automatic adjustment, so that the anchor bolts or cables can provide the required preload in real time, ensuring the safety of roadway anchor bolt support, freeing up underground manual labor, and improving underground work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention (the two strands are not shown).

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the anchor bolt stress monitoring device of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electric winch of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4 for Figure 3 BB cross-section;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cable post of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 for Figure 5 AA cross-section view;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a control principle diagram of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] See Figures 1-7 An intelligent adjustment system for an engineering mine roadway anchor bolt support system includes an anchor bolt stress monitoring device installed on the outside of the rock mass and steel mesh 2, a real-time data receiving and processing unit, and an adjustment device. The positions of the tray, anchor bolt nut, steel mesh, and the three components are set according to existing technology.

[0023] See again Figure 2 The anchor bolt stress monitoring device includes a metal elastomer 5 sleeved on the anchor bolt 1, located between the tray 3 and the anchor bolt nut 6. The metal elastomer increases the contact area with the anchor bolt nut, facilitating a greater preload. Another function is that, due to its elasticity, the resistance strain gauge can more sensitively detect changes in the applied preload through the metal elastomer. Resistance strain gauges 4 are positioned at both ends of the metal elastomer, respectively, in close contact with the tray and the anchor bolt nut. Each end of the resistance strain gauge has a resistance strain sensor 35, consisting of a base, a sensitive grid, and a covering layer (commercially available Hualanhai foil resistance strain gauges, model FG-B-series, are recommended for better performance), and a data cable 8. The resistance strain gauges and the resistance strain sensor are connected via a data cable, which can be fitted with a flexible protective tube 7. When the anchor bolt resistance changes, the resistance strain sensor 35 receives and processes the data in real time, converting the real-time resistance change of the anchor bolt 1 into a wireless signal, which is then transmitted to the relay gearbox 21 and finally to the microcomputer 37.

[0024] See again Figure 1 and Figures 3-4The adjusting device includes an inner ring bearing 32 and an outer ring bearing 33, which are concentric with the anchor nut and fixed to the surface of the rock mass. A cable post 10 with three grooves (groove 11, groove 12, and groove 13) is nested between the inner and outer ring bearings. The three grooves are all set higher than the tail end of the anchor. The cable post includes an outer side 14 of a metal spring body, an inner side 16 of a metal spring body, and steel ball bearings 15 sandwiched between the outer side and the inner side of the metal spring body. The steel ball bearings can reduce the friction between the outer side and the inner side of the metal spring body, prevent the cable post from being damaged prematurely due to long-term rotation and operation, and extend the service life of the cable post. Three winches 34 are fixed in the grooves of the winch posts. The inner ring bearing has a diameter of 0.3m, and the outer ring bearing has a diameter of 0.35m. The winches are 4mm × 6m long. Three electric winches are installed around the perimeter of the surrounding rock tunnel, evenly distributed outside the outer ring bearing with the anchor bolt as the center of gravity. Each electric winch contains an electric winch battery 39 and a mining wrench 27. In use, the opening adjustment nut 28 of the mining wrench is first loosened to clamp the anchor bolt nut, and then tightened. The movable gate 25 of the mining wrench clamps the round hole at the other end of the anchor bolt nut, which engages with the sleeve 9 of the winch post. The electric winch includes a fixed base 23, a crossbar handle 18 mounted on the fixed base, and a mounting bracket. The winch drum 19 is mounted on the handle of the crossbar, and the motor 17 is connected to the winch drum. The other ends of the three winches are wound around the three winch drums and tightened. The distance between the three electric winches is 0.8m, so that the anchor rod 1 is in the "center of gravity" of the triangle. Drill holes for installing expansion bolts 24 are drilled at the corresponding positions of the three endpoints. The specifications of the expansion bolts 24 are M10×110mm. Four expansion bolts 24 are equipped at the four corners of the lower base of each electric winch. After installation, it can bear a maximum weight of 40kg. Drill the expansion bolts 24 into the corresponding holes and expand them to fix the electric winch in the corresponding position. The electric winch weighs 8 kg and can provide a pulling force of approximately 3500 lbs. The other ends of the three sets of cables are fixed to the corresponding grooves 11, 12, and 13, respectively, on the winch drums of the first, second, and third electric winches (29, 30, and 31), ensuring that all three cables are taut. Figures 5-6 As shown;

[0025] See again Figure 3 and Figure 4The real-time data analysis and processing unit includes a protective box 38 fixed to the handle of the crossbar. The protective box is reinforced to the rock mass by screws 22. A clutch switch 20 is set outside the protective box, a relay gearbox 21, a motor rotation controller 36, and a microcomputer 37 are set inside the protective box. The clutch switch, relay gearbox, motor rotation controller, and microcomputer are all interconnected via wireless signals. The resistance strain gauge sensor 35 converts the real-time resistance change of the anchor bolt 1 into a wireless signal and transmits it to the relay gearbox 21 to receive the wireless signal and transmit it to the microcomputer 37. The microcomputer 37 analyzes the force of the anchor bolt 1 by using the mine anchor bolt monitoring big data system and sends an adjustment signal for the preload force required to ensure the stability of the roadway. The relay gearbox 21 and the motor rotation controller 36 control the motor 17 to rotate, which drives the winch drum to rotate.

[0026] See again Figure 1 and Figure 7 The automatic adjustment function of the anchor bolt preload is achieved by the electric winch pulling the mining wrench to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise, thereby causing the anchor bolt nut to rotate 6 cycles. The microcomputer 37 calculates the required preload force for the anchor bolt 1 through data processing, and controls the relay transmission 21 and the motor rotation controller 37 to automatically adjust the anchor bolt preload force. For example, when the initial position of the nested metal cylinder is '0', the first set of winches is tightened by the No. 1 electric winch 29, and the nested metal cylinder pulls the mining wrench to '1'. At this time, the No. 1 electric winch 29 stops operating, and the second set of winches is tightened by the No. 2 electric winch 30, and the mining wrench is pulled to '2'. At this time, the No. 2 electric winch 30 stops operating, and the third set of winches is tightened by the No. 3 electric winch 31, and the mining wrench is pulled to '3'. At this time, the No. 3 electric winch 31 stops operating, the No. 1 electric winch 29 tightens the first set of winches, and the mining wrench is pulled from '3' to '0'. At this point, the mining wrench has completed one counterclockwise rotation, meaning the anchor nut 6 rotates one full counterclockwise rotation, causing the anchor nut 6 to press against the tray 3, which in turn presses against the reinforcing mesh 2 and the surrounding rock, thereby increasing the preload of the anchor 1 on the surrounding rock. Similarly, the reverse rotation of the electric winch motor causes the mining wrench to rotate one full clockwise rotation, reducing the pressure of the anchor nut 6 on the tray 3, and thus reducing the preload of the anchor 1 on the surrounding rock.

[0027] Anything not mentioned above can be achieved by using existing technologies.

[0028] It should be further noted that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative examples of the present invention. Those skilled in the art to which this invention pertains may make various modifications or additions to the described specific embodiments or use similar methods to substitute them, but without exceeding the scope defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent adjustment system for an anchor bolt support system in an engineering mine roadway, characterized in that, Includes an anchor stress monitoring device, a real-time data receiving and processing unit, and an adjustment device installed on the outside of the rock mass and the steel mesh (2); The anchor stress monitoring device includes a metal elastomer (5) sleeved on the anchor (1) between the tray (3) and the anchor nut (6), a resistance strain gauge (4) set at both ends of the metal elastomer and respectively attached to the tray and the anchor nut, a resistance strain sensor (35), and a data cable (8); the resistance strain gauge and the resistance strain sensor are connected by the data cable. The adjusting device includes an inner ring bearing (32) and an outer ring bearing (33) fixed to the surface of the rock mass, concentric with the anchor nut; a winch column (10) with three grooves nested between the inner and outer ring bearings, the three grooves being higher than the tail end of the anchor rod; three winches (34) fixed in the grooves of the winch column; three electric winches evenly distributed around the perimeter of the surrounding rock roadway, with the anchor rod as the center of gravity, located outside the outer ring bearing; and a mining wrench (27); the movable gate (25) of the mining wrench clamps the round hole at the other end of the anchor nut and engages with the winch column. It includes the outer side (14) of the metal spring body, the inner side (16) of the metal spring body, and the steel ball bearings (15) sandwiched between the outer side and the inner side of the metal spring body; the electric winch includes a fixed base (23), a crossbar handle (18) installed on the fixed base, a winch drum (19) installed on the crossbar handle, and a motor (17) connected to the winch drum; the other ends of the three winches are respectively wound around the three winch drums and tightened, and the anchor bolt preload is automatically adjusted by the electric winch pulling the mining wrench to rotate clockwise or counterclockwise to drive the anchor bolt nut to rotate periodically; The real-time data analysis and processing unit includes a protective box (38) fixed to the handle of the crossbar, a clutch switch (20) set outside the protective box, a relay gearbox (21) set inside the protective box, a motor rotation controller (36), and a microcomputer (37). The clutch switch, relay gearbox, motor rotation controller, and microcomputer are all interconnected via wireless signals. The microcomputer calculates the preload required for the anchor bolt through data processing and controls the relay gearbox and motor rotation controller to automatically adjust the anchor bolt preload.

2. The intelligent adjustment system for an anchor bolt support system in an engineering mine roadway according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner ring bearing has a diameter of 0.3m, the outer ring bearing has a diameter of 0.35m, and the cable is 4mm × 6m.

3. The intelligent adjustment system for an anchor bolt support system in an engineering mine roadway according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The data line is fitted with a flexible protective tube (7).

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