Multi-target particle trap for realizing near-zero emission of ammonia engine pollutants and greenhouse gases
By designing a multi-target particle trap in an ammonia fuel engine, using the combination technology of SCR, SCO and NDC catalyst layers and MPF wall layers, the problem of high greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions of ammonia fuel engines is solved, and the ammonia fuel engine is realized near-zero emissions effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411316405.6
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-10
AI Technical Summary
Ammonia fuel engines produce high concentrations of NOx and NH3 emissions during use, resulting in higher greenhouse gas emissions, which deviates from the original intention of reducing CO2 emissions.
Design a multi-target particle trap, including SCR catalyst layer, SCO catalyst layer, MPF wall layer and NDC catalyst layer, combined with an ammonia injector, through the reaction of SCR, SCO and NDC catalyst layers and the capture technology of MPF wall layer , realize efficient purification of major pollutants of ammonia fuel engines.
Nearly zero emissions of ammonia fuel engines have been achieved, and the emissions of pollutants such as NH3, N2O, NOx and PM have been significantly reduced, achieving the multi-target purification effect of greenhouse gases and pollutants.
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Figure CN119288646A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of ammonia engine emission treatment, and in particular to a multi-target particle trap that achieves near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines. Background Art
[0002] Ammonia (NH3) fuel engines are an important technical route for engines to achieve zero carbon emissions. Currently, the main technical routes for engines to achieve zero carbon emissions through ammonia fuel are pure ammonia combustion and ammonia-hydrogen mixed combustion. However, compared with traditional gasoline and diesel combustion, engines using ammonia fuel will produce higher NOx and NH3 emissions. Under certain operating conditions, the emission concentration of NH3 can even be as high as 10,000 ppm or more. And its N2O emissions are also very high. N2O is a type of gas with a greenhouse effect 298 times that of CO2, resulting in high greenhouse gas emissions from ammonia fuel engines, which deviates from the original intention of using NH3 as a fuel to reduce CO2 emissions and thus reduce the greenhouse effect. Summary of the invention
[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a multi-objective particulate filter that achieves near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines.
[0004] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions:
[0005] A multi-target particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from an ammonia engine. The multi-target particulate filter is arranged on an exhaust pipe of an ammonia fuel engine and comprises an SCR catalyst layer, a SCO catalyst layer, an MPF wall layer and an NDC catalyst layer arranged in sequence.
[0006] The exhaust pipe is also provided with an ammonia injector, which is located between the multi-target particulate filter and the ammonia fuel engine. The ammonia injector injects ammonia when the ammonia-nitrogen ratio in the exhaust gas of the ammonia fuel engine is less than a preconfigured threshold.
[0007] The preconfigured threshold is 1.
[0008] The catalyst of the SCR catalyst layer has Cu as an active component and SSZ-13 as a support, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
[0009] The catalyst of the SCO catalyst layer uses Pt, Cu, Mn or Ce as an active component and SSZ-13 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a support, and the coating amount is 10-120 g / L.
[0010] The MPF wall layer is a porous medium.
[0011] The catalyst of the NDC catalyst layer uses Co, Zn or Rh as active components and ZrO2 with strong surface acid sites as a support. It is prepared by an impregnation precipitation method, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
[0012] The exhaust pipe is also provided with an ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device and a flow sensor.
[0013] The ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device and the flow sensor are arranged between the ammonia injector and the ammonia fuel engine.
[0014] The ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device is arranged between the ammonia injector and the multi-target particulate collector.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: by virtue of the MPF wall-flow structure, the exhaust gas is forced to pass through the SCR catalyst layer, the SCO catalyst layer, the MPF wall layer (porous medium), and the NDC catalyst layer in sequence, ultimately achieving efficient purification of the main pollutants (NH3, N2O, NOx, PM, etc.) of the ammonia fuel engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;
[0017] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the evolution of multiple catalyst layers and major pollutants;
[0018] Among them: 1. Multi-target particulate filter, 2. Ammonia injector, 3. Exhaust pipe, 4. Ammonia fuel engine. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0019] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, and provides a detailed implementation method and specific operation process, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
[0020] A multi-objective particulate filter 1 that achieves near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from an ammonia engine, such as Figure 1 As shown, the multi-target particulate trap 1 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 3 of the ammonia fuel engine 4, and includes an SCR catalyst layer, a SCO catalyst layer, an MPF wall layer and an NDC catalyst layer which are arranged in sequence.
[0021] An ammonia injector 2 is also provided on the exhaust pipe 3. The ammonia injector 2 is located between the multi-target particulate filter 1 and the ammonia fuel engine 4. The ammonia injector 2 injects ammonia when the ammonia-nitrogen ratio in the exhaust gas of the ammonia fuel engine 4 is less than a preconfigured threshold value. In this embodiment, the preconfigured threshold value is 1.
[0022] The composition of the SCR catalyst layer is:
[0023] The catalyst of the SCR catalyst layer has Cu as an active component and SSZ-13 as a support, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
[0024] The composition of the SCO catalyst layer is:
[0025] The catalyst of the SCO catalyst layer uses Pt, Cu, Mn or Ce as an active component and SSZ-13 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a support, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
[0026] The MPF wall layer is a porous medium.
[0027] The composition of the NDC catalyst layer is:
[0028] The catalyst of the NDC catalyst layer uses Co, Zn or Rh as active components and ZrO2 with strong surface acid sites as a carrier. It is prepared by an impregnation precipitation method, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
[0029] In some embodiments, an ammonia-nitrogen ratio detection device and a flow sensor are further provided on the exhaust pipe 3, and the ammonia-nitrogen ratio detection device and the flow sensor are arranged between the ammonia injector 2 and the ammonia fuel engine 4, so that the ammonia injection amount of the ammonia injector 2 can be calculated according to the ammonia-nitrogen ratio of the original exhaust gas combined with the total flow rate. Of course, in other embodiments, a method including an ammonia-nitrogen ratio detection device can also be adopted, and the ammonia-nitrogen ratio detection device is arranged between the ammonia injector 2 and the multi-target particulate collector 1, so that feedback control can be performed.
[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the working process and principle of MPF in this application are as follows:
[0031] (1) Exhaust NH3 injection: When the original exhaust gas of the engine is at a low ammonia nitrogen ratio (ammonia nitrogen ratio is less than 1), before the exhaust gas enters the MPF, the ammonia injector 2 injects NH3 to increase the ammonia nitrogen ratio to selectively catalytically reduce NOx; when the ammonia nitrogen ratio is high (ammonia nitrogen ratio is greater than 1), no NH3 injection is performed;
[0032] (2) SCR catalyst layer (to achieve selective catalytic reduction of NOx): When the exhaust gas enters the MPF and passes through the SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst layer, NH3 in the exhaust gas and NOx undergo selective catalytic reduction reaction. The main products are N2 and H2O, but a small amount of N2O may be produced.
[0033] (3) SCO catalyst layer (to achieve selective catalytic oxidation of NH3): When the exhaust gas passes through the SCO (Selective Catalytic Oxidation) catalyst layer, the remaining NH3 in the exhaust gas undergoes selective catalytic oxidation reaction with O2. The main products are N2 and H2O, but NO and N2O may be produced. Especially when the exhaust gas inlet is under high ammonia nitrogen ratio conditions, due to the large amount of NH3 involved in the reaction, this process may produce more N2O.
[0034] (4) MPF wall layer (to capture particles): The MPF wall layer is a wall-flow particle capture carrier wall, which is a porous medium. When the exhaust gas passes through the MPF wall layer, most of the particles will be captured;
[0035] (5) NDC catalyst layer (to achieve catalytic decomposition of N2O): When the exhaust gas passes through the NDC (N2O Decomposition Catalysts) catalyst layer, the N2O in the exhaust gas undergoes a catalytic decomposition reaction to generate N2 and O2, thereby reducing N2O emissions.
[0036] Through experimental verification, Table 1 shows the actual emission reduction and fuel consumption impact of SDPF and MPF under a certain engine operating condition of 1900r / min and 75%.
[0037] Table 1
[0038] Working condition: 1900r / min, 75% SDPF MPF Exhaust temperature(℃) 442 448 Fuel consumption rate (kg / h) 14 14.3 NOx conversion rate (%) 95 93 NH3 leakage (ppm) <1 <1 N2O leakage (ppm) 5 1
[0039] If the above functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program code.
Claims
1. A multi-objective particulate filter that achieves near-zero emissions of ammonia engine pollutants and greenhouse gases, characterized in that: The multi-target particle trap is arranged on the exhaust pipe of an ammonia fuel engine, and comprises an SCR catalyst layer, a SCO catalyst layer, an MPF wall layer and an NDC catalyst layer which are arranged in sequence.
2. A multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of ammonia engine pollutants and greenhouse gases according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe is also provided with an ammonia injector, which is located between the multi-target particulate filter and the ammonia fuel engine. The ammonia injector injects ammonia when the ammonia-nitrogen ratio in the exhaust gas of the ammonia fuel engine is less than a preconfigured threshold.
3. A multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preconfigured threshold is 1.
4. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst of the SCR catalyst layer has Cu as an active component and SSZ-13 as a support, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
5. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst of the SCO catalyst layer uses Pt, Cu, Mn or Ce as an active component and SSZ-13 or ZSM-5 molecular sieve as a support, and the coating amount is 10-120 g / L.
6. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The MPF wall layer is a porous medium.
7. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 1, characterized in that: The catalyst of the NDC catalyst layer uses Co, Zn or Rh as active components and ZrO2 with strong surface acid sites as a support. It is prepared by an impregnation precipitation method, and the coating amount is 10 to 120 g / L.
8. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The exhaust pipe is also provided with an ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device and a flow sensor.
9. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 8, characterized in that: The ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device and the flow sensor are arranged between the ammonia injector and the ammonia fuel engine.
10. The multi-objective particulate filter for achieving near-zero emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases from ammonia engines according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ammonia nitrogen ratio detection device is arranged between the ammonia injector and the multi-target particulate collector.