Device and method for simulating erosion and deposition disturbance of plants in intertidal zone

Abstract

The invention discloses a device for simulating erosion and deposition disturbance of plants in an intertidal zone, and the device is characterized in that the device comprises a carrier 1 which is a pipe body and is provided with openings at two ends; the at least one base 2 is detachably mounted in the carrier 1 and is configured to move along the central axis of the carrier 1 to divide the carrier 1 into an upper region and a lower region which are completely independent; the substrate 3 is filled in an independent area above the carrier 1, and plants 4 are further planted in the substrate 3. The two methods provided by the invention can accurately reflect the change rule of the mud flat environment, and provide a scientific basis for the ecological environment protection of the mud flat.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tidal flat environment monitoring, and specifically relates to a device and a simulation method for simulating scouring and silting disturbance of intertidal zone plants. Background Art

[0002] The erosion and deposition of mud on the surface of the tidal flats is caused by the action of water flow, tides, etc. This process has an important impact on the ecological environment and biological habitat of the tidal flats. At present, the methods for simulating the erosion and deposition of mud on tidal flats have certain limitations, such as complex experimental equipment, limited bottom quality, and poor simulation results. An efficient and accurate simulation method is urgently needed. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve at least one technical problem existing in the prior art, the present application provides a device for simulating scouring and silting disturbance of intertidal plants, characterized in that it includes:

[0004] The carrier 1 is a tube with openings at both ends;

[0005] At least one base 2, which is detachably mounted inside the carrier 1 and is configured to be movable along the central axis of the carrier 1 to separate the carrier 1 into two completely independent upper and lower areas and to support the substrate;

[0006] The substrate 3 is filled in an independent area above the carrier 1 and is used for planting plants.

[0007] Preferably, the carrier 1 is a circular tube, and scales are arranged on the outer side along the central axis direction.

[0008] Preferably, the base 2 is a circular tray, and an embedded handle 8 is provided on the top surface and / or the bottom surface.

[0009] Preferably, threads 5 corresponding to each other are provided on the inner side of the carrier 1 and the outer side of the base 2 , and the base 2 can move along the central axis direction of the carrier 1 through the threads 5 .

[0010] Preferably, the outer wall of the carrier 1 is provided with fixing members 7 at both ends along the radial direction, which are used to connect and fix the experimental device with another or two experimental devices, and the fixing members 7 are hook-shaped buckles.

[0011] Preferably, the substrate 3 is a simulated tidal flat clay substrate prepared by mixing pond mud and fine sand in a volume percentage of 1:1.

[0012] Preferably, a flexible container 6 is detachably provided in the upper region of the carrier 1 , the flexible container 6 is tightly fitted to the side wall of the carrier 1 , and is provided with an opening, the position of the opening corresponds to the opening position of the carrier 1 .

[0013] Preferably, the plant is a salt-alkali tolerant plant such as mangrove plants, Spartina alterniflora, and Suaeda salsa.

[0014] A method for simulating intertidal zone plant scouring disturbance, characterized in that the above-mentioned device is used to perform the following steps:

[0015] Step 1: Install the device and prepare the bottom: Establish an experimental carrier for simulating tidal flat scouring, place a plurality of the devices in a simulated pool and connect them together, and fix the chassis 2 at a preset scouring depth position in the carrier 1;

[0016] The substrate 3 is placed in a flexible container 6 and placed on the bottom plate 2 to fill the upper independent space of the carrier 1. A 10-30 ppt salt water is injected into the simulated water pool to cover the carrier 1 and keep the water flowing slowly. The excess substrate 3 in the flexible container 6 is washed away and then the surface is scraped flat with a scraper. After standing for 5 days, the water is drained to complete the substrate preparation.

[0017] The flexible container 6 is a sealed bag;

[0018] The substrate is prepared by weighing 50% pond mud and 50% fine sand by volume and mixing them evenly;

[0019] The scouring depth refers to: the height of the cavity formed gradually as the water flows, dissolving and carrying away the soil under the roots;

[0020] Step 2, tidal flat scouring simulation: Plants are planted in the substrate 3 and allowed to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment, and during the process, the upper opening surface of the carrier 1 is ensured to be evenly filled with the substrate 3;

[0021] After the plants have adapted to the environment, adjust the flushing depth every 10 days and record the growth change data of the plants. Repeat this process three times.

[0022] The plant growth change data refers to: the length of plant roots and the number of root tips, as well as the ground height and stem length of plant stems.

[0023] A method for simulating intertidal plant siltation disturbance, characterized in that it includes using the above-mentioned device to perform the following steps:

[0024] Step 1: Install the device and prepare the bottom, establish an experimental carrier simulating tidal flat siltation, place multiple devices in a simulated pool and connect them together, and fix the chassis 2 at a preset siltation height position in the carrier 1;

[0025] The substrate 3 is placed in the flexible container 6 and placed on the bottom plate 2 to fill the upper independent space of the carrier 1. A 10-30 ppt salt water is injected into the simulated water pool to cover the carrier 1 and keep the water flowing slowly. The excess substrate 3 in the flexible container 6 is washed away and then the surface is scraped flat with a scraper. After standing for 5 days, the water is drained to complete the substrate preparation.

[0026] The flexible container 6 is a sealed bag;

[0027] The substrate is prepared by weighing 50% pond mud and 50% fine sand by volume and mixing them evenly;

[0028] The preset siltation height refers to: as the water flows, the sediment and other particles brought by the sediment gradually accumulate around and under the roots of the plants to form the height of the new soil layer;

[0029] Step 2: Simulating tidal flat siltation, planting plants in the substrate 3, and allowing them to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment, during which time it is ensured that the upper opening surface of the carrier 1 is evenly filled with the substrate;

[0030] After the plants have adapted to the environment, the sedimentation height is adjusted every 10 days, and the growth change data of the plants is recorded. This process is repeated three times.

[0031] The plant growth change data refers to: the length of plant roots and the number of root tips, as well as the ground height and stem length of plant stems.

[0032] This application has at least the following beneficial technical effects:

[0033] The invention simulates the influence of scouring / silting caused by water flow under intertidal plants on plant growth by artificially setting the height of the gasket at the bottom of the carrier, and can accurately control the experimental conditions by the position of the gasket during the process, thereby realizing efficient simulation of the scouring and silting process of the tidal flat.

[0034] The device of the present invention has a simple structure and an easy method, and can simulate a variety of scouring / silting conditions at the same time, thereby effectively saving experimental costs.

[0035] The substrate used in the present invention is close to the clay in the wild tidal flat vegetation area, and has the viscosity required for scouring and silting, thereby reducing the interference of result data caused by the pond mud used in the usual experiments being too fertile.

[0036] The two methods provided in the present invention can accurately reflect the changing laws of the tidal flat environment and provide a scientific basis for the protection of the tidal flat ecological environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 It is a front view of the simulation device of the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 is an inside view of the simulation device of the present application;

[0039] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the simulated scour of the simulation device of the present application;

[0040] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of simulating siltation by the simulation device of the present application;

[0041] Figure 5 It is a real-life operation diagram of the simulation device of this application;

[0042] Among them: 1-carrier, 2-base, 3-substrate, 4-plant, 5-thread, 6-flexible container, 7-fixing part, 8-embedded handle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of this application clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of this application will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of this application. In the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements with the same or similar functions. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of this application, not all of them. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limitations on this application. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of this application. The embodiments of this application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings.

[0044] It should be understood that the technical terms that may be involved in the description of this application, such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this application.

[0045] The following is combined with Figure 1 The device for simulating scouring and silting disturbance of intertidal plants of the present application is further described in detail.

[0046] The present application discloses a device for simulating scouring and silting disturbance of intertidal zone plants, comprising a carrier 1, a base 2, a substrate 3 and plants 4.

[0047] The carrier 1 is a hollow PVC circular tube with openings at both ends. In addition, the outer side wall of the carrier 1 is provided with scale lines along the central axis direction.

[0048] At least one PVC base 2 is detachably installed inside the carrier 1 and can slide along the central axis direction of the carrier 1 to separate the carrier into two independent spaces, and at the same time play a load-bearing role for the bottom material 3.

[0049] Specifically, the base 2 is a circular tray that matches the aperture size of the carrier 1 , and the two are fixed by elastic fit between the materials. In addition, the top surface and / or the bottom surface of the base 2 is provided with an embedded handle 8 to facilitate the user to adjust the position of the base 2 .

[0050] In addition, the user can fill a plurality of bases 2 in the carrier 1 and overlap them according to the preset flushing depth / sedimentation height to achieve the effect of simulating spatial changes.

[0051] The substrate 3 is filled in the upper space separated by the base 2. The specific composition is a simulated tidal flat clay substrate made by mixing pond mud and fine sand in a volume percentage of 1:1. The advantage of this substrate is that it can achieve the stability and anti-scouring ability of the substrate during tidal flat erosion and siltation. The specific soil parameters of the substrate 3 and the field soil parameters are detailed in the table below.

[0052] Main parameters of bottom sediment:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] Plants 4 are planted in the substrate 3. The types of plants 4 can be selected according to needs. Generally, salt-alkali tolerant plants such as mangrove plants, Spartina alterniflora, Suaeda salsa, etc. are used. Specifically, Avicennia marina, Paulownia grandiflora, Rhizophora mangrovea and Spartina alterniflora are used in Examples 1 and 2.

[0056] Further, such as Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, in order to better allow the base 2 to slide up and down inside the carrier 1 and prevent the performance of the device from being degraded due to material aging and deformation, a thread 5 is also provided inside the carrier 1 along the central axis, and correspondingly, a matching thread is also provided on the outer side wall edge of the base 2, and the user can control the base 2 to rotate and move along the central axis of the carrier 1 through the embedded handle 8.

[0057] In addition, in order to prevent the base 2 from failing to completely block the upper independent space and causing the bottom substance 3 to leak out, a flexible container 6 is separately provided inside the upper space of the carrier 1. The flexible container 6 is tightly attached to the side wall of the carrier 1 to form a kind of "liner", and the flexible container 6 also has an opening, the position of which corresponds to the position of the opening in the upper area of ​​the carrier 1, so that the user can put the bottom substance 3 into it to prevent it from flowing into the lower space from the gap between the base 2 and the carrier 1. Specifically, the flexible container 6 is a sealed bag.

[0058] like Figure 4 As shown, during the test phase, multiple groups of experimental devices need to be placed in water for comparative experiments. In turn, a group of fixing parts 7 are arranged on the outside of the experimental device in this embodiment. The fixing parts 7 are distributed at both ends along the diameter direction of the carrier 1, and are specifically an "L-shaped" hook buckle, so that multiple devices can be fixed to each other to prevent them from being impacted by water flow.

[0059] It is understandable that the sizes of the carrier 1 and the base 2 can be customized according to the actual situation of the user. In this embodiment 1, the carrier has an outer diameter of 162 mm, an inner diameter of 152 mm, a height of 250 mm, a base diameter of 150 mm, and a height of 10 mm. In embodiment 2, the carrier has an outer diameter of 110 mm, an inner diameter of 103.6 mm, a height of 200 mm, a base diameter of 103 mm, and a height of 5 mm.

[0060] Example 1

[0061] like Figure 3 As shown, the present invention also discloses an experimental method for simulating the scouring disturbance of intertidal zone plants using the above-mentioned simulation device, comprising the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Establish an experimental carrier for simulating mudflat scouring, and place the carriers 1 in a simulated water pool after being fixedly connected and arranged with each other through fixing members 7.

[0063] To prepare the substrate, 50% of pond mud and 50% of fine sand were weighed by volume, mixed evenly, and prepared into substrate 3.

[0064] The gasket is set, and the tray 2 is rotated from bottom to top by the handle 8 so that it rises along the carrier 1 to a preset flushing depth (that is, as the water flow flushes and erodes, the area of ​​the space below increases).

[0065] Preparation of the bottom material: put the bottom material 3 into a ziplock bag and place it on the bottom plate 2 to fill the upper independent space of the carrier 1. Inject 10-30ppt of light salt water into the simulated water pool to make the water surface submerge the carrier 1 and keep the water surface flowing slowly. After washing away the excess bottom material 3 in the ziplock bag, use a scraper to scrape the surface flat. After standing for 5 days, drain all the water to complete the bottom material preparation.

[0066] The scour depth here refers to: as the water flows, it dissolves and carries away the soil under the roots, gradually forming the height of the cavity.

[0067] In the wild, it may take a long time to reach the specified scour depth. The experiment is limited by time, and in order to more clearly observe the impact of scour on plants, the specified depth will be larger than in the wild and the formation time will be shorter.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the change range of woody plants is 3 mm-10 mm / time, and the change range of herbaceous plants is 2 mm-5 mm / time.

[0069] Step 2: Plant the above-mentioned plants in the substrate 3, and puncture several small holes at the bottom of the sealed bag to ensure air flow inside the substrate 3 to prevent the plant roots from necrosis due to lack of oxygen.

[0070] Allow the plants to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment in the substrate 3, during which time ensure that the upper opening surface of the carrier 1 (sealed bag) is evenly filled with the substrate 3;

[0071] After the plants have adapted to the environment, the substrate 3 together with the ziplock bag is taken out every 10 days, and the flushing depth is adjusted according to the change range set in step 1, and then all of them are put back into the carrier 1. At the same time, the growth change data of the plants is recorded, and this process is repeated three times.

[0072] It should be noted that when the flushing depth changes, part of the substrate 3 may be pushed out of the space above the carrier 1. The excess substrate 3 that is pushed out should be flushed away and then the surface can be flattened using a scraper.

[0073] Generally speaking, plants have an anti-adverse growth mechanism. When subjected to simulated scouring treatment, plants give priority to root growth. Therefore, the data on plant growth changes recorded here means: first, the length of plant roots and the number of root tips are recorded, followed by the height of the plant stem from the ground and the length of the stem.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention also discloses an experimental method for simulating intertidal plant siltation disturbance using the above-mentioned simulation device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0076] Step 1: Establish an experimental carrier simulating tidal flat siltation, and place the carriers 1 in a simulated water pool after being fixedly connected and arranged with each other by fixing members 7.

[0077] To prepare the substrate, weigh 50% pond mud and 50% fine sand by volume and mix them evenly.

[0078] The gasket is set, and the tray 2 is rotated from top to bottom by the handle 8 to make it descend along the carrier 1 to a preset siltation height (that is, as the water flow brings siltation, the area of ​​the space below is reduced).

[0079] Preparation of the bottom material: put the bottom material 3 into a ziplock bag and place it on the bottom plate 2 to fill the upper independent space of the carrier 1. Inject 10-30ppt of light salt water into the simulated water pool to make the water surface submerge the carrier 1 and keep the water surface flowing slowly. After washing away the excess bottom material 3 in the ziplock bag, use a scraper to scrape the surface flat. After standing for 5 days, drain all the water to complete the bottom material preparation.

[0080] The siltation height here refers to the height of the new soil layer formed when the silt and other particles brought by the sedimentation gradually accumulate around and under the roots of plants as the water flows.

[0081] In the wild, it may take a long time to reach the specified siltation height. The experiment is limited by time, and in order to more clearly observe the impact of siltation on plants, the specified height will be larger than in the wild and the formation time will be shorter.

[0082] Specifically, in this embodiment, the change range of woody plants is 3 mm-10 mm / time, and the change range of herbaceous plants is 2 mm-5 mm / time.

[0083] Step 2: Plant the above-mentioned plants in the substrate 3, and puncture several small holes at the bottom of the sealed bag to ensure air flow inside the substrate 3 to prevent the plant roots from necrosis due to lack of oxygen.

[0084] Allow the plants to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment in the substrate 3, during which time ensure that the upper opening surface of the carrier 1 (sealed bag) is evenly filled with the substrate 3;

[0085] After the plants have adapted to the environment, the substrate 3 together with the ziplock bag is taken out every 10 days, and the sedimentation height is adjusted according to the change range set in step 1, and then all of them are put back into the carrier 1. At the same time, the growth change data of the plants is recorded, and this process is repeated three times.

[0086] It should be noted that when the sedimentation height changes, the space above the carrier 1 may not be able to be filled with the existing mass of the bottom material 3, and it is necessary to add additional bottom material 3 and then use a scraper to scrape its surface flat.

[0087] Generally speaking, plants have an anti-adversity growth mechanism. When silting is simulated, plants give priority to growing stems. Therefore, the data on plant growth changes recorded here refers to: first, the height of the plant stems from the ground and the length of the stems, followed by the length of the plant roots and the number of root tips.

[0088] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present application should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A device for simulating scouring and silting disturbance of intertidal plants, characterized in that: include: A carrier (1) is a tube with openings at both ends; At least one base (2) is detachably mounted inside the carrier (1) and is configured to be movable along the central axis of the carrier (1) to separate the carrier (1) into two completely independent upper and lower regions and to support the substrate; A substrate (3) is filled in an independent area above the carrier (1) and is used for growing plants.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The carrier (1) is a circular tube, and scales are arranged on the outer side along the central axis direction.

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The base (2) is a circular tray, and an embedded handle (8) is provided on the top surface and / or the bottom surface.

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The inner side of the carrier (1) and the outer side of the base (2) are provided with corresponding threads (5), and the base (2) can move along the central axis direction of the carrier (1) through the threads (5).

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The outer wall of the carrier (1) is provided with fixing members (7) at both radial ends, which are used to connect and fix the experimental device with another or two experimental devices, and the fixing members (7) are hook-shaped buckles.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The substrate (3) is a simulated tidal flat clay substrate made by mixing pond mud and fine sand in a volume percentage of 1:

1.

7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that A flexible container (6) is detachably arranged in the upper region of the carrier (1); the flexible container (6) is tightly fitted to the side wall of the carrier (1) and is provided with an opening, the position of the opening corresponding to the opening position of the carrier (1).

8. The device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The plants are salt-alkali tolerant plants such as mangrove plants, Spartina alterniflora, and Suaeda salsa.

9. A method for simulating scouring disturbance of intertidal vegetation, characterized in that: Using the device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the following steps are performed: Step 1: Install the device and prepare the bottom: Establish an experimental carrier for simulating tidal flat scouring, place a plurality of the devices in a simulated pool and connect them together, and fix the chassis (2) at a preset scouring depth position in the carrier (1); The substrate (3) is placed in a flexible container (6) and placed on a bottom plate (2) to fill the upper independent space of the carrier (1). A 10-30 ppt salt water is injected into the simulated water pool to cover the carrier (1) and keep the water surface flowing slowly. The excess substrate (3) in the flexible container (6) is washed away and then the surface is scraped flat with a scraper. After standing for 5 days, the water is drained to complete the substrate preparation. The flexible container (6) is a sealed bag; The substrate is prepared by weighing 50% pond mud and 50% fine sand by volume and mixing them evenly; The scouring depth refers to: the height of the cavity formed gradually as the water flows, dissolving and carrying away the soil under the roots; Step 2, tidal flat scouring simulation: Plants are planted in the substrate (3) and allowed to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment, and during the process, the upper opening surface of the carrier (1) is ensured to be evenly filled with the substrate (3); After the plants have adapted to the environment, adjust the flushing depth every 10 days and record the growth change data of the plants. Repeat this process three times. The plant growth change data refers to: the length of plant roots and the number of root tips, as well as the ground height and stem length of plant stems.

10. A method for simulating intertidal plant siltation disturbance, characterized in that: The method comprises using the device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 to perform the following steps: Step 1: Install the device and prepare the bottom, establish an experimental carrier simulating tidal flat siltation, place a plurality of the devices in a simulated water pool and connect them together, and fix the chassis (2) at a preset siltation height position in the carrier (1); The substrate (3) is placed in a flexible container (6) and placed on a bottom plate (2) to fill the upper independent space of the carrier (1). A salt water with a concentration of 10-30 ppt is injected into the simulated water pool so that the carrier (1) is submerged and the water surface is kept flowing slowly. The excess substrate (3) in the flexible container (6) is washed away and then the surface is scraped flat with a scraper. After standing for 5 days, the water is drained to complete the substrate preparation. The flexible container (6) is a sealed bag; The substrate is prepared by weighing 50% pond mud and 50% fine sand by volume and mixing them evenly; The preset siltation height refers to: as the water flows, the sediment and other particles brought by the sediment gradually accumulate around and under the roots of the plants to form a new soil layer; Step 2: Simulating tidal flat siltation, planting plants in the substrate (3) and allowing them to grow and develop for one month to adapt to the environment, during which time it is ensured that the upper opening surface of the carrier (1) is evenly filled with the substrate; After the plants have adapted to the environment, the sedimentation height is adjusted every 10 days, and the growth change data of the plants is recorded. This process is repeated three times. The plant growth change data refers to: the length of plant roots and the number of root tips, as well as the ground height and stem length of plant stems.

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