Fuel cell system

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system which comprises an electric pile and an air system. The air system comprises an air inlet system and an air exhaust system; the air inlet system comprises a main air inlet pipeline; the main air inlet pipeline is connected with the electric pile through a branch air inlet pipeline; the air exhaust system comprises a main air outlet pipeline, and the electric pile is connected with the main air outlet pipeline through a branch air outlet pipeline; the air system further comprises a humidifying system. The humidifying system comprises a humidifying pipeline; the main air outlet pipeline is connected with the main air inlet pipeline through the humidifying pipeline; according to the invention, through the arrangement of the humidifying system, the inlet air can be humidified, and the humidity of the inlet air of the galvanic pile is ensured; meanwhile, wet air is added in the main air inlet pipeline by controlling the opening degree of the three-way valve when water produced by the galvanic pile does not meet the self-humidifying requirement, so that the self-humidifying purpose is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system. Background Art

[0002] Fuel cells, as a highly efficient power generation device that is not limited by the Carnot cycle and can convert hydrogen into electricity, are attracting more and more attention.

[0003] A proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a power generation device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. The main product of a fuel cell is water. The existing fuel cell control system can control the supply of external air, hydrogen and water to meet the performance requirements of the fuel cell according to the requirements of different operating conditions of the fuel cell stack.

[0004] There are two types of humidity management for the fuel cell air subsystem. One is external humidification, which uses an air humidifier to humidify the air before passing it into the fuel cell system, but this will increase the overall cost of the fuel cell system, increase the volume, and incur additional power consumption; the other is a self-humidifying fuel cell system, which uses the water generated by itself for humidification. However, under low-power conditions, the self-humidifying fuel cell system generates less water from the fuel cell reaction, which is difficult to meet the system humidity requirements, making the entire system dry and increasing impedance. Under high-power conditions, the fuel cell generates more water, which is easy to produce liquid water and accumulate in the stack, thereby blocking the bipolar plate flow channel of the fuel cell and affecting the gas distribution inside the fuel cell system.

[0005] So far, no optimal cathode humidity control system has been found that can effectively meet the humidification requirements for the cathode gas, reduce the cost of the fuel cell, and reduce the volume of the battery system.

[0006] At the same time, most of the current hydrogen circulation pumps use Roots boosting mode, which has an oily environment and is large in mass and volume, and has high power consumption.

[0007] Therefore, the use of centrifugal pumps has gradually become the choice of some manufacturers. However, due to the thin centrifugal blades of centrifugal pumps and the presence of supersaturated water vapor when the hydrogen path is running, the blades are easily frozen after shutdown in a low-temperature environment and do not have the ability to break ice.

[0008] Therefore, how to prevent the centrifugal supercharger from freezing after shutdown or how to break the ice after freezing has become a major problem that needs to be solved in the industry. Patent 202222420279.1 provides a purge pipeline connected to the hydrogen circulation pipeline. After the centrifugal hydrogen pump finishes working, the purge valve is opened to purge the hydrogen pump. Although this invention can ensure that there is no freezing after shutdown, the structure is complex and not easy to implement.

[0009] Therefore, in order to improve or solve at least one of the above problems, it is necessary to optimize the design of existing fuel cells. Summary of the invention

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a novel fuel cell system capable of achieving self-humidification of the fuel cell stack under low power conditions.

[0011] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0012] A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack and an air system; the air system comprises an air intake system and an air exhaust system;

[0013] The air intake system includes a main air intake duct, and the main air intake duct is connected to the fuel cell stack through a branch air intake duct;

[0014] The air exhaust system includes a main air outlet pipeline, and the battery stack is connected to the main air outlet pipeline through a branch air outlet pipeline;

[0015] The air system also includes a humidification system; the humidification system includes a humidification pipeline;

[0016] The main air outlet pipe is connected to the main air inlet pipe through the humidification pipe.

[0017] The main air outlet pipeline is connected with a tail exhaust mixing pipe; the main air outlet pipeline, the humidification pipeline and the tail exhaust mixing pipe are connected through a three-way valve.

[0018] The air intake system also includes an air filter, a mass flow meter, an air compressor and an intercooler arranged on the main intake duct; the air filter, the mass flow meter, the air compressor and the intercooler are connected in sequence; one end of the humidification duct is connected to the main air outlet duct, and the other end is connected to the main intake duct between the air compressor and the intercooler or to the main intake duct between the air compressor and the air mass flow meter.

[0019] The main air inlet pipeline is connected to the main air outlet pipeline through a bypass pipeline; a bypass valve is arranged on the bypass pipeline.

[0020] The fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen intake system and a hydrogen outlet system; the hydrogen intake system includes a hydrogen supply unit; the hydrogen supply unit is connected to the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen intake pipeline;

[0021] The hydrogen outlet system comprises a hydrogen outlet pipeline, and the fuel cell stack is connected to a gas-water separator via the hydrogen outlet pipeline;

[0022] The gas-water separator is connected to the tail discharge mixing pipe through a discharge pipe;

[0023] The hydrogen inlet pipeline is provided with an ejector;

[0024] The gas-water separator is connected to the ejector via a hydrogen circulation pump.

[0025] The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump inlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through the first air inlet pipeline;

[0026] The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through a hydrogen pump drainage pipeline;

[0027] A hydrogen pump heating drain valve is provided on the hydrogen pump drain pipeline.

[0028] The gas-water separator is provided with a separator hydrogen outlet and an external interface; the gas-water separator is connected to the first air inlet pipeline through the separator hydrogen outlet;

[0029] The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump drainage pipeline through an external interface;

[0030] The external interface is distributed at one end of the gas-water separator close to the separator drain port.

[0031] The hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the ejector through a reflux pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the reflux pipeline.

[0032] The hydrogen pump outlet includes a transverse outlet and a longitudinal outlet, and the vertical section of the hydrogen pump outlet is L-shaped; the hydrogen pump outlet takes in air along the tangent direction of the impeller in the hydrogen circulation pump; the air intake direction of the hydrogen pump outlet is opposite to that of the hydrogen pump inlet.

[0033] The gas-water separator comprises a gas-water separator body; a gas-water separator cover plate is provided on the gas-water separator body;

[0034] The gas-water separator body is provided with a separator hydrogen inlet, a separator hydrogen outlet and a separator water outlet; the separator hydrogen inlet, the separator hydrogen outlet and the separator water outlet are distributed in an interval and staggered manner on the gas-water separator body;

[0035] The gas-water separator body is provided with a water separation structure;

[0036] The water distribution structure includes a vortex water distribution mechanism and a baffle water distribution mechanism;

[0037] The hydrogen exhausted from the fuel cell stack enters the interior of the gas-water separator body from the hydrogen inlet of the separator, and then is separated from the gas and water by the vortex water separation mechanism and the baffle water separation mechanism.

[0038] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0039] The invention discloses a fuel cell system; the invention can humidify the intake air by setting a humidification system to ensure the humidity of the intake air of the fuel cell stack.

[0040] At the same time, the present invention controls the opening of the three-way valve to increase humidified air in the main air intake pipe when the water produced by the fuel cell stack does not meet the self-humidification requirements, thereby achieving the purpose of self-humidification.

[0041] In addition, the present invention uses its own exhaust air as a humidifying medium, which can reduce cost investment and avoid additional equipment and increased system power consumption. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0042] The following is a brief description of the contents expressed in the drawings of the present invention and the symbols in the drawings:

[0043] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a fuel cell system of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 Axonometric measurement of hydrogen fuel cell gas-water separation structure Figure 1 ;

[0045] Figure 3 Axonometric measurement of hydrogen fuel cell gas-water separation structure Figure 2 ;

[0046] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the flow channel inside the gas-water separation structure of a hydrogen fuel cell;

[0047] Figure 5 Streamline diagram of hydrogen recovery flow channel of hydrogen fuel cell stack intake end plate;

[0048] Figure 6 Partial view of vortex watershed A;

[0049] Figure 7 Axonometric drawing of Section A of the vortex watershed;

[0050] Figure 8 Axonometric drawing of gas-water separator;

[0051] Fig. 9 Gas-water separator body;

[0052] Fig.10 Gas-water separator cover.

[0053] Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the hydrogen circuit system in the present invention.

[0054] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hydrogen pump in the present invention.

[0055] The marks in the above figure are:

[0056] 1-nitrogen discharge port of water separator; 2-temperature sensor; 3-gas-water separator cover; 4-pressure sensor; 5-gas-water separator body; 6-bolt; 7-fixing bolt; 8-hydrogen pump drainage collection joint; 9-gas-water separator drainage port; 10-sealing ring; 11-hydrogen inlet; 12-hydrogen outlet; 13-drain valve; 14-nitrogen discharge valve. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The specific implementation of the present invention will be further explained in detail below by describing the optimal embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0058] A fuel cell system comprises a fuel cell stack 201 and an air system; the air system comprises an air intake system and an air exhaust system; the air intake system comprises a main air intake duct 204, and the main air intake duct 204 is connected to the fuel cell stack 201 via a branch air intake duct; the air exhaust system comprises a main air outlet duct 2131, and the fuel cell stack 201 is connected to the main air outlet duct 2131 via a branch air outlet duct; the present invention forms an air circulation pipeline for the fuel cell stack 201 by setting up the air intake system and the air exhaust system, so as to facilitate the introduction and use of air when the fuel cell is used.

[0059] At the same time, the air system in the present invention also includes a humidification system; the humidification system includes a humidification pipe 209; the main air outlet pipe 2131 is connected to the main air intake pipe 204 through the humidification pipe 209; the present invention can humidify the intake air through the setting of the humidification system to ensure the humidity of the intake air of the fuel cell stack 201.

[0060] In the present invention, the humidification pipe 209 plays a bridging connecting role, mainly to guide the air exhausted from the battery stack 201 and merge it into the main air intake pipe 204; so that the air discharged from the main air outlet pipe 2131 is mixed with the new air in the main air intake pipe 204, thereby ensuring the humidity of the intake air.

[0061] Furthermore, in the present invention, the main air outlet pipe 2131 is connected to a tail exhaust mixing pipe 219; the main air outlet pipe 2131, the humidification pipe 209 and the tail exhaust mixing pipe 219 are connected via a three-way valve 217; by changing the opening of the three-way valve 217, the required humidity is provided for the fuel cell stack 201 under different working conditions.

[0062] The three-way valve 217 of the present invention can allow the water-carrying air in the main air outlet pipe 2131 to enter the main air inlet pipe 204 through the humidification pipe 209, thereby realizing the humidification operation of the air supply gas. In addition, the excess air after humidification flows into the tail exhaust mixing pipe 219 from another outlet of the electronic three-way valve 217, and the utilized gas enters the atmosphere through the muffler 221.

[0063] Furthermore, the air intake system in the present invention also includes an air filter 202, a mass flow meter 210, an air compressor 203 and an intercooler 205 arranged on the main intake duct 204; the air filter 202, the mass flow meter 210, the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 205 are distributed and connected in sequence; the air filter 202, the mass flow meter 210, the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 205 are distributed in sequence on the main intake duct 204; the air filter 202 can perform physical filtration and chemical adsorption, physical filtration can filter impurities and dust in the air, and chemical filtration can adsorb nitrides and sulfides in the air that are harmful to the membrane electrode, and provide clean air for the fuel cell stack 201 after air filtration.

[0064] The mass flow meter 210 is used to monitor whether the air intake flow rate meets the requirements of the fuel cell stack 201.

[0065] The gas compressed by the air compressor 203 meets the air pressure requirement of the fuel cell stack 201 , and the intercooler 205 cools down the air pressurized by the air compressor 203 to achieve the optimal working temperature of 70-80° C. for the fuel cell stack 201 .

[0066] At the same time, in the present invention, one end of the humidification pipe 209 is connected to the main air outlet pipe 2131, and the other end is connected to the main air intake pipe 204 between the air compressor 203 and the intercooler 205 or to the main air intake pipe 204 between the air compressor 203 and the air mass flow meter 210; such a setting controls the opening of the three-way valve 217 to add humidified air in the main air intake pipe 204 when the water produced by the fuel cell stack 201 does not meet the self-humidification requirements, thereby achieving the purpose of self-humidification.

[0067] Furthermore, in the present invention, the main air intake pipe 204 is connected to the main gas outlet pipe 2131 through a bypass pipe 213; a bypass valve 211 is provided on the bypass pipe 213; through the setting of the bypass pipe 213 and the bypass valve 211, the gas compressed by the air compressor 203 can meet the needs of the fuel cell stack 201 while the excess air can flow out through the bypass valve 211, and at the same time, surge of the air compressor 203 can be avoided.

[0068] A back pressure valve 214 is also provided on the main air outlet channel of the present invention; the present invention is equivalent to adding a three-way valve 217 after the cathode back pressure valve 214, the inlet of which is connected to the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 201, one outlet of the three-way valve 217 is connected to the tail exhaust, and the other outlet is connected to the pipeline from the air mass flow meter 210 to the air compressor 203.

[0069] By controlling the opening of the three-way valve 217, when the water produced by the stack 201 does not meet the requirements of self-humidification, humidified air is added at the inlet of the air compressor 203, thereby achieving the purpose of self-humidification.

[0070] A three-way valve 217 is connected to the back pressure valve 214 at the air outlet of the fuel cell stack 201. By changing the opening of the three-way valve 217, the required humidity is provided for the fuel cell stack 201 under different working conditions.

[0071] The problem that the self-humidifying fuel cell produces insufficient water when operating under low-power conditions, making it difficult to meet the self-humidification requirements of the fuel cell stack 201 and causing the fuel cell stack 201 to be relatively dry is solved.

[0072] Reducing the external humidification of the cathode of the fuel cell system will greatly increase the cost of the fuel cell system, increase the system volume and additionally increase the system power consumption.

[0073] As shown in the figure, at the same time, a shut-off valve 208, a pressure sensor 206 and a temperature sensor 207 are provided on the main air inlet pipe 204 and the main air outlet pipe 2131; of course, in actual use, the above three devices can be provided on each pipe as needed.

[0074] At the same time, a back pressure valve 214 is provided on the main air outlet pipe 2131, and the air pressure of the fuel cell stack 201 is controlled by the back pressure valve 214. The back pressure valve 214 is connected to a three-way valve 217; one outlet of the three-way valve 217 is connected to the tail exhaust mixing pipe 219, and the gas is mixed with the gas discharged from the water drain valve and the nitrogen exhaust valve and then discharged; the other outlet is connected to the main air intake pipe 204 from the air mass flow meter 210 to the air compressor 203.

[0075] When the fuel cell system is working at low power, the system's own water production is insufficient to meet the self-humidification demand. According to the water shortage of the fuel cell stack 201, the opening of the three-way valve 217 is changed to allow the humidified air after the back pressure valve 214 to enter the air compressor 203, where it is mixed with new air and pressurized and passed into the fuel cell stack 201 to achieve air humidification and meet the self-humidification demand of the cathode of the fuel cell system.

[0076] When the fuel cell system is operating at high power, the system itself produces sufficient water and no additional air humidification is required. At this time, the opening of the three-way valve 217 is changed, and the humidified air after the back pressure valve 214 is discharged through the tail exhaust mixing pipe 219.

[0077] Furthermore, in the present invention, the fuel cell system also includes a hydrogen intake system and a hydrogen exhaust system; the hydrogen intake system includes a hydrogen supply part 222; the hydrogen supply part 222 can be a hydrogen tank; the hydrogen supply part 222 is connected to the fuel cell stack 201 through a hydrogen intake pipe; the hydrogen exhaust system includes a hydrogen exhaust pipe. The present invention facilitates the use of hydrogen in the reaction in the fuel cell stack 201 through the coordinated use of the hydrogen intake system and the hydrogen exhaust system.

[0078] In addition, in the present invention, the fuel cell stack 201 is connected to the gas-water separator 101 through a hydrogen outlet pipe; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the tail discharge mixing pipe 219 through a discharge pipe; such a setting facilitates the discharge operation of the water after separation by the gas-water separator 101.

[0079] Meanwhile, in the present invention, a pressure sensor 206, a temperature sensor 207, an ejector 212, a proportional valve 225, a stop valve 224 and a pressure reducing valve 223 are arranged on the hydrogen intake pipeline.

[0080] At the same time, in the present invention, the hydrogen inlet pipeline is provided with an ejector 212; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the ejector 212 through a hydrogen circulation pump; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump inlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through a first inlet pipeline; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through a hydrogen pump drainage pipeline; a hydrogen pump heating drainage valve is provided on the hydrogen pump drainage pipeline; the hydrogen outlet on the stack 201 is connected to the gas-water separator 101; the ejector 212 is connected to the hydrogen inlet on the stack 201; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet on the stack 201 through the first inlet pipeline 216 It is connected to the hydrogen pump inlet 2261 on the hydrogen pump 226; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 on the hydrogen pump 226 through the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215; the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 is provided with a hydrogen pump heating drainage valve 210; the present invention supplies two-way gas into the hydrogen pump 226 through the gas-water separator 101, firstly by supplying heated hydrogen, it can assist the hydrogen pump 226 to achieve its ice-breaking probability, and at the same time, the present invention performs gas supply operation through the hydrogen pump outlet 2262, which can cooperate with the air intake of the hydrogen pump inlet 2261, and can better assist the rotation of the impeller 2263, thereby increasing the ice-breaking efficiency of the impeller 2263.

[0081] The fuel cell stack 201, ejector 212, hydrogen pump 226 and gas-water separator 101 of the present invention are all existing structures; therefore, no additional description is made here on the specific structure of each component.

[0082] In the present invention, the hydrogen outlet on the fuel cell stack 201 is connected to the gas-water separator 101; the ejector 212 is connected to the hydrogen inlet on the fuel cell stack 201; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump inlet 2261 on the hydrogen pump 226 through the first air inlet pipe 216; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 on the hydrogen pump 226 through the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215; based on the above design, the gas-water separator 101 disclosed in the present invention is equivalent to being arranged in parallel with the hydrogen pump 226; in normal use, the hydrogen separated by the gas-water separator 101 enters the hydrogen pump 226 through the first air inlet pipe 216, and the hydrogen pump 226 then supplies the corresponding gas into the ejector 212, and then supplies it into the fuel cell stack 201 through the ejector 212, thereby realizing the reuse of hydrogen.

[0083] The hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 mainly serves to drain water, facilitating the water in the hydrogen pump 226 to be discharged into the gas-water separator 101 and then discharged to the outside through the drainage port of the gas-water separator 101. In the early stage of ice breaking, the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 acts as an air inlet, so that when in use, the gas in the gas-water separator 101 can enter the hydrogen pump 226 through the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 to accelerate the ice breaking efficiency of the impeller 2263 of the hydrogen pump 226.

[0084] At the same time, a hydrogen pump heating drain valve 210 is provided on the hydrogen pump drain pipe 215 in the present invention; the basic function of the hydrogen pump heating drain valve 210 in the present invention is to control the on-off of the hydrogen pump drain pipe 215; another function is that the hydrogen pump heating drain valve 210 has a heating function, which can be used to melt the accumulated ice during the early stage of ice breaking.

[0085] Furthermore, in the present invention, the gas-water separator 101 is provided with a separator hydrogen outlet and an external interface; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the first air inlet pipe 216 through the separator hydrogen outlet; the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 through the external interface; the separator hydrogen outlet is an inherent structure on the existing gas-water separator 101, and the external interface is a special limitation of the present invention, which is essentially to connect a hole on the shell of the gas-water separator 101 so that the inner cavity of the shell is connected to the outside. The present invention facilitates the subsequent connection with the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 through the setting of the external interface, facilitates the gas in the hydrogen separator to enter the hydrogen pump 226, and also facilitates the discharge of water in the hydrogen pump 226.

[0086] Furthermore, in the present invention, the external interface is distributed at one end of the gas-water separator 101 close to the drain outlet; based on such a setting; when the gas supply operation can be realized, the subsequent rapid drainage operation can also be facilitated.

[0087] Furthermore, in the present invention, the hydrogen pump 226 is connected to the ejector 212 through a reflux pipe 227, and a one-way valve 2101 is provided on the reflux pipe 227; the reflux pipe 227 plays a good connecting role, and at the same time, the setting of the one-way valve 2101 plays a good one-way isolation role to prevent hydrogen from flowing back from the ejector 212 into the hydrogen pump 226.

[0088] Furthermore, in the present invention, the separator drain port on the gas-water separator 101 is connected to a separator drain pipe; a separator heating drain valve 218 is provided on the separator drain pipe; the separator drain pipe is connected to the tail drain 219; the separator heating drain valve 218 can control the on-off of the drain port of the gas-water separator 101, and when gas is supplied from the external interface, the separator heating drain valve 218 can be closed to prevent gas from flowing out of the drain port.

[0089] Furthermore, in the present invention, the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 includes a transverse outlet 22622 and a longitudinal outlet 22621, and the vertical cross-section of the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 is L-shaped; the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 takes in air along the tangential direction of the impeller 2263 in the hydrogen pump 226; the air intake direction of the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 is opposite to the air intake direction of the hydrogen pump inlet 2261; based on such a setting, the gas entering the hydrogen pump 226 from the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 and the hydrogen pump inlet 2261 forms a shear force to drive the impeller 2263 to rotate, so that the hydrogen pump 226 motor only needs to provide a smaller ice-breaking force to successfully break the ice, which improves the probability of successful ice-breaking to a certain extent.

[0090] specific:

[0091] The hydrogen intake system and the hydrogen outlet system are based on the existing hydrogen path structure and only require a small amount of pipes and the local structure of the hydrogen pump 226 to be changed to achieve a fast cold start without generating parasitic power consumption.

[0092] The hydrogen intake system and the hydrogen outlet system disclosed in the present invention are the main hydrogen circuits of the fuel cell. The hydrogen circuit system mainly includes a gas-water separator 101, a hydrogen pump 226, a one-way valve 2101, a hydrogen pump heating drain valve 210 and a separator heating drain valve 218.

[0093] The hydrogen pump 226 of the present invention is provided with a hydrogen pump outlet 2262. In the present invention, the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 needs to be a curved flow channel and form a certain angle with the inlet.

[0094] The hydrogen circuit system disclosed in the present invention can be applied to start a cold start procedure when the starting temperature is lower than 0°C: the separator heating drain valve 218 of the gas-water separator 101 is closed and hydrogen (hydrogen pressure is about 130kPaA) is introduced, at which time the hydrogen will enter the gas-water separator 101, and enter the hydrogen pump 226 through the first air inlet pipe 216 and the hydrogen pump drain pipe 215. The full name of the hydrogen pump 226 is the hydrogen circulation pump. At this time, the hydrogen circulation pump may not be able to rotate normally due to the freezing of the impeller 2263 caused by the low temperature, and the high-pressure hydrogen at the outlet of the fuel cell stack 201 will form a torque in the flow channel, and at the same time the hydrogen circulation pump rotates in the opposite direction (that is, rotates in the same direction as the above torque), and continuously increases the current until the hydrogen circulation pump operates normally, thereby achieving the ice-breaking operation.

[0095] Meanwhile, in the present invention, a one-way valve 2101 is provided between the hydrogen pump 226 and the ejector 212, and the one-way valve 2101 is provided to prevent hydrogen backflow from causing structural failure.

[0096] At the same time, the ejector 212 is used to meet the hydrogen reflux requirements of high-power hydrogen fuel cells.

[0097] In the above structure, the gas-water separator 101 may be equipped with a nitrogen exhaust valve to exhaust nitrogen accumulated during the operation of the system.

[0098] In the above structure, the hydrogen circulation pump can be equipped with a position sensor to detect the movement of the impeller 2263 so as to quickly identify whether the ice breaking is successful and then operate the hydrogen pump 226 normally.

[0099] Implementation plan:

[0100] When the hydrogen fuel cell engine is started, the environmental sensor first monitors the ambient temperature. If the starting temperature is lower than 0 degrees, the cold start procedure is started. Hydrogen is first introduced. At this time, the hydrogen pressure is about 130kpaA. The hydrogen enters the gas-water separator 101, and then enters the hydrogen pump 226 through the first air intake pipe 216 and the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215. The hydrogen pump 226 is subject to air intake from two directions, so that the impeller 2263 can be better driven to rotate.

[0101] In addition, since the hydrogen pump drainage pipe 215 is relatively thin and easily accumulates water, resulting in ice blockage, the hydrogen pump heating drainage valve 210 should be opened in advance during cold start to melt the accumulated ice.

[0102] At this time, the gas entering the hydrogen pump 226 from the hydrogen pump outlet 2262 and the hydrogen pump inlet 2261 forms a shear force due to the internal structure of the hydrogen pump 226, which drives the impeller 2263 to rotate, so that the hydrogen pump 226 motor only needs to provide a smaller ice-breaking force to successfully break the ice, thereby increasing the probability of successful ice-breaking; for the hydrogen pump 226, it is only necessary to provide a rotational torque in accordance with the gas pressure torque.

[0103] The design advantage of the present invention is that the cold start time of the hydrogen circulation pump can be significantly improved by changing the local structure of the hydrogen circulation pump and the hydrogen path control strategy without changing the original design structure of the hydrogen in the fuel cell stack 201, thereby effectively increasing the cold start success rate and reducing the parasitic power consumption generated by the cold start.

[0104] In the present invention, the gas-water separator 101 mainly includes a gas-water separator body 5; a gas-water separator 101 cover plate 3 is arranged on the gas-water separator body 5; a separator air inlet 11, a separator air outlet 12 and a separator drain port 9 are arranged on the gas-water separator body 5; the separator air inlet 11, the separator air outlet 12 and the separator drain port 9 are distributed in an interval and staggered manner on the gas-water separator body 5; a water separation structure is arranged inside the gas-water separator body 5; the water separation structure includes a vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and a baffle water separation mechanism 1-2; the air inlet 11 of the air separator discharged from the fuel cell stack 201 enters the interior of the gas-water separator body 5, and then passes through the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2. The water separation mechanism 1-2 performs gas-water separation; the present invention can separate water vapor, nitrogen and air from the unreacted air of the hydrogen fuel cell through the coordinated use of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2, so as to complete the subsequent air recycling; at the same time, the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 disclosed in the present invention is equivalent to using centrifugal force to achieve gas-water separation, thereby ensuring the initial gas-water separation efficiency, and at the same time extending the air flow path through the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 to increase the collision probability, thereby being able to achieve gas-water separation of water-carrying air again, and through the coordinated use of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2, the air humidity can be better reduced and the subsequent recovered air concentration can be increased.

[0105] specific;

[0106] The gas-water separator 101 for fuel cells disclosed in the present invention is mainly connected to the separator air outlet end of the fuel cell stack 201, and is mainly used to complete the air recycling. In the present invention, the gas-water separator 101 mainly includes a gas-water separator body 5; the gas-water separator body 5 is provided with a gas-water separator 101 cover plate 3; the gas-water separator body 5 and the gas-water separator 101 cover plate 3 form a box structure with a chamber. At the same time, in the present invention, the gas-water separator body 5 is provided with a separator air inlet 11, a separator air inlet 12 and a separator air inlet 13. The separator air outlet 12 and the separator drain outlet 9; the separator air inlet 11, the separator air outlet 12 and the separator drain outlet 9 are spaced and staggered on the gas-water separator body 5; the separator air inlet 11 is used to connect with the separator air outlet 12 of the fuel cell stack 201, and the separator air outlet 12 on the above-mentioned gas-water separator body 5 is used to discharge the air after gas-water separation, which is convenient for subsequent recycling, and the separator drain outlet 9 is used to discharge the separated water after gas-water separation in the gas-water separator body 5.

[0107] In the present invention, a water separation structure is provided in the gas-water separator body 5; the water separation structure is mainly used for separating air from water, and the water separation structure in the present invention includes a vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and a baffle water separation mechanism 1-2; the air inlet 11 of the air separator discharged from the fuel cell stack 201 enters the gas-water separator body 5, and then the gas-water separation is carried out through the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2; the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 disclosed in the present invention is equivalent to using centrifugal force to achieve gas-water separation, ensuring the initial gas-water separation efficiency, and at the same time extending the air flow path through the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2, increasing the collision probability, so that the gas-water separation of water-carrying air can be achieved again, and the coordinated use of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 can better reduce the air humidity and improve the subsequent recovered air concentration.

[0108] Furthermore, in the present invention, the air entering the gas-water separator body 5 first contacts the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 for gas-water separation, and then enters the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 for gas-water separation again; the present invention is limited by the above, because the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 of the present invention has a specific distribution mode, so that after the gas and water enter the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1, the gas and water are equivalent to a rotation operation, so that the centrifugal force can be used to achieve a better gas-water separation operation and reduce the gas humidity. Subsequently, the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 can better reduce the moisture in the gas, thereby ensuring that the air subsequently entering the separator air outlet 12 has a lower humidity and does not have a sufficient concentration.

[0109] Furthermore, in the present invention, the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 includes a plurality of vortex water separation baffles 1-11, and the plurality of vortex water separation baffles 1-11 are distributed in an intermittent ring shape; here, the plurality of vortex water separation baffles 1-11 are distributed in an intermittent ring shape, and the intermittently distributed vortex water separation baffles 1-11 can facilitate the normal flow of gas and water, while the annularly distributed vortex water separation baffles 1-11 can increase the contact probability with gas and water, and can form a vortex, which facilitates the rotation of gas and water in the area surrounded by each vortex water separation baffle 1-11, thereby realizing the centrifugal separation of gas and water.

[0110] In addition, in the present invention, the number of vortex water dividing baffles 1-11 is generally designed to be 5; of course, more or less can be designed as needed, and the design number is selected according to actual requirements.

[0111] At the same time, the present invention requires that each vortex water-dividing baffle 1-11 is arranged at an angle, such as being distributed like traditional motor fan blades. Such an arrangement can facilitate the generation of vortices in subsequent use and provide a better visual centrifugal separation of gas and water.

[0112] Furthermore, in the present invention, a vortex water diversion baffle 1-11 is provided with a vortex water guide groove 1-12; each of the vortex water guide grooves 1-12 is arranged at the end of the corresponding vortex water diversion baffle 1-11 away from the separator air inlet 11; the present invention facilitates the flow of water on the vortex water diversion baffle 1-11 through the arrangement of the vortex water inversion groove, and facilitates the subsequent collection and flow of water to the separator drain port 9 after separation; of course, in the present invention, not every vortex water diversion baffle 1-11 may be provided with a vortex water guide groove 1-12, and the specific number and position of the arrangement can be selected according to design requirements.

[0113] Furthermore, in the present invention, the baffle water-dividing mechanism 1-2 includes a bottom water baffle 1-21, and a lateral water baffle is provided on the bottom water baffle 1-21; the lateral water baffle includes a first lateral plate 1-22 and a second lateral plate 1-23. In the present invention, the bottom water baffle 1-21 plays a longitudinal blocking role, so that the gas and water coming out of the vortex water-dividing mechanism 1-1 can directly impact on the bottom water baffle 1-21 to form an impact diversion, thereby optimizing the gas-water separation effect. In addition, in the present invention, the basic function of the first lateral plate 1-22 and the second lateral plate 1-23 is to act as baffles to optimize the gas-water separation efficiency in the baffle area; and the more important function is to limit the gas flow direction, and the first lateral plate 1-22, the second lateral plate 1-23 and the bottom water baffle 1-21 of the present invention form a water retaining area; that is, a groove structure is formed, which can ensure the retention time of the gas in the baffle water-dividing area and optimize the gas-water separation efficiency.

[0114] At the same time, in the present invention, the first side plate 1-22 and the second side plate 1-23 are both arranged at an angle; the water retaining area is in the shape of a trumpet; such a setting can be equivalent to increasing the size of the baffle area, making it convenient for the gas and water diverted from the vortex water separation area to enter the water retaining area, which can increase the gas-water separation path and optimize the separation effect.

[0115] At the same time, the bottom water baffle plate 1-21 described in the present invention is arc-shaped; the bottom water baffle plate 1-21 protrudes toward one side of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1; such a setting can increase the area of ​​the bottom water baffle plate 1-21, optimize the contact probability with the water-containing air coming out of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1, and better realize gas-water separation through mutual collision; at the same time, the end of the bottom water baffle plate 1-21 described in the present invention is provided with a bottom water leakage groove; the setting of the bottom water leakage groove facilitates the discharge operation of the water liquid on the bottom water baffle plate 1-21.

[0116] At the same time, in the present invention, a lateral water guide groove is provided at one end of the second lateral plate 1-23 close to the bottom water retaining plate 1-21; the lateral water guide groove plays a good circulation role, facilitating the water in the water retaining area to flow to the separator drain port 9 side.

[0117] In addition, in the present invention, the first side plate 1-22 is located below the vortex water diversion mechanism 1-1, and the second side plate 1-23 is staggered with the vortex water diversion mechanism 1-1; based on such a setting, it can better ensure that the water-carrying air discharged from the vortex water diversion mechanism can be more in the above-mentioned water retaining area; at the same time, in the present invention, the height of the first side plate 1-22 is less than the height of the second side plate 1-23, one end of the first side plate 1-22 is connected to the bottom water retaining plate 1-21, and the other end extends to the side close to the vortex water diversion mechanism 1-1; one end of the second side plate 1-23 is connected to the bottom water retaining plate 1-21, and the other end is connected to the bottom water retaining plate 1-21. By extension, it is required here that the upper edge of the second side plate 1-23 is not lower than the lowermost edge of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1. Such a limitation can realize the guidance of the air flow direction, that is, it can flow to the separator air outlet 12 under the guidance of the second side plate 1-23. At the same time, through the above limitation, the air can reflux in the gas-water separator body 5, that is, the normal flow direction is from the top to the bottom of the gas-water separator body 5, and based on the above limitation, the air from top to bottom can flow upward again, so that the air flow path can be increased in the limited space of the gas-water separator body 5, and the gas-water separation effect can be optimized.

[0118] In addition, the inclined first side plate 1-22 and the second side plate 1-23 also facilitate the rapid downward discharge of water after impact, thereby avoiding accumulation of water on the first side plate 1-22 and the second side plate 1-23.

[0119] Furthermore, in the present invention, the baffle water distribution mechanism 1-2 also includes a transverse water baffle 1-24, which is arranged at the separator air outlet 12; a transverse water guide groove is provided on the transverse water baffle 1-24; the transverse water baffle 1-24 is located above the second lateral plate 1-23, and the basic function of the transverse water baffle 1-24 is to increase the number of air impacts and optimize the air-water separation effect. At the same time, the setting of the transverse water guide groove facilitates the flow and discharge of water on the transverse water baffle 1-24.

[0120] In addition, in the present invention, the transverse water baffle 1-24 is located below the separator air outlet 12 and is connected to the gas-water separator body 5. The transverse water baffle 1-24 also extends toward the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1. In subsequent use, the transverse water baffle 1-24 is distributed on the side of the outer plate cover. Such a setting serves to block the gas-water separation again.

[0121] In addition, in the present invention, the transverse water baffle 1-24 cooperates with the inner wall of the air-water separator body 5 around the separator air outlet 12 to form a secondary vortex zone at the separator air outlet 12, thereby calmly and better reducing the humidity of the outlet air.

[0122] Furthermore, in the present invention, the air-water separator 101 also includes an outer plate cover; the outer plate cover is arranged on the vortex water baffle mechanism; the outer plate cover plays a good external protection role, and also plays a good partition role, which is convenient for the partition of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2, and convenient for forming a vortex water separation area and a baffle water separation area, so that based on such a setting, it is convenient to control the air diversion path.

[0123] At the same time, in the present invention, the outer plate cover includes a bending plate 1-4, and the bending plate 1-4 and the gas-water separator body 5 form a storage space for arranging the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1; the bending plate 1-4 is provided with an upper connecting hole 1-41; the main structure of the bending plate 1-4 is a plate structure. During actual installation, the two ends of the bending plate 1-4 are distributed inside the side wall of the gas-water separator body 5, and the inner side of the bending plate 1-4 is connected to the inner wall of the gas-water separator body 5, thereby realizing the partition operation of the inner cavity of the gas-water separator body 5.

[0124] The setting of the upper connecting hole 1-41 facilitates the air entering the separator air inlet 11 to smoothly enter the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1, thereby realizing the centrifugal air-water separation of the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1.

[0125] Furthermore, in the present invention, the outer plate cover also includes an extension plate 1-3; the extension plate 1-3 acts as a partition bridge. In the present invention, the bending plate 1-4 is connected to the extension plate 1-3, one end of the extension plate 1-3 is connected to the gas-water separator body 5, and the other end extends freely; the free end of the extension plate 1-3 is spaced apart from the inside of the gas-water separator body 5; the separator air inlet 11 and the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 are distributed on opposite sides of the extension plate 1-3; the extension plate 1-3 is provided with an outer plate guide groove; the vortex water separation baffle 1-11 in the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 is distributed on the extension plate 1-3, the bending plate 1-4 and the inner wall of the gas-water separator body 5; the setting of the extension plate 1-3 of the present invention can increase the running path of air in the gas-water separator body 5, that is, The air entering from the air inlet 11 of the early separator directly hits the extension plate 1-3, and the extension plate 1-3 acts as a baffle, which can play a role in initial gas-water separation. Because one end of the extension plate 1-3 is connected to the inner wall of the gas-water separator body 5, during subsequent use, the air can run along the extension plate 1-3, and then enter the inside of the bending plate 1-4 through the upper connecting hole 1-41, and then enter the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1. At the same time, in order to facilitate the subsequent flow of gas, a through-hole structure can be set on the bending plate 1-4, and the normal flow of gas can also be achieved through the through-hole 32 on the partition plate 31; because based on such a setting, during subsequent use, the air discharged from the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 can enter the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 through the above-mentioned holes to achieve the separation of gas and water again.

[0126] Furthermore, in the present invention, a partition plate 31 is provided on the cover plate 3 of the gas-water separator 101, and the partition plate 31 is arranged opposite to the bending plates 1-4, and the partition plate 31 and the bending plates separate the inner cavity of the gas-water separator body 5; the partition plate 31, as the name implies, plays a partitioning role. In actual use, the bending plates 1-4 are arranged opposite to the partition plate 31, so that a docking plate structure is formed between the cover plate 3 of the gas-water separator 101 and the gas-water separator body 5, thereby being able to divide the vortex water separation area and the baffle water separation area in the gas-water separator 101, thereby optimizing the gas-water separation efficiency of the present invention.

[0127] At the same time, a through hole 32 is provided on the partition plate 31 in the present invention; the through hole 32 is a connecting hole, which facilitates the external exhaust air in the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 to enter the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2 through the through hole 32. In this way, because the through hole 32 is arranged on the partition plate 31, the through hole 32 and the upper connecting hole 1-41 are staggered, which can increase the movement path of the air in the outer plate cover to a certain extent, thereby better ensuring the separation efficiency of air and water.

[0128] A fuel cell assembly includes a manifold mechanism, wherein the manifold mechanism is connected to the gas-water separator 101.

[0129] specific:

[0130] The present invention discloses an air-water separator 101 for a fuel cell, comprising an air-water separator body 5; an air-water separator 101 cover plate 3 is arranged on the air-water separator body 5; an air inlet 11, an air outlet 12 and a water drain 9 are arranged on the air-water separator body 5; the air inlet 11, the air outlet 12 and the water drain 9 are arranged on the air-water separator body 5 in an intermittent and staggered manner; a water separation structure is arranged inside the air-water separator body 5; the water separation structure comprises a vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and a baffle water separation mechanism 1-2; the air inlet 11 of the air separator discharged from the fuel cell stack 201 enters the interior of the air-water separator body 5, and then the air and water are separated by the vortex water separation mechanism 1-1 and the baffle water separation mechanism 1-2; the present invention separates water vapor, nitrogen and air from the unreacted air of the hydrogen fuel cell through the vortex + baffle structure to complete the air recycling.

[0131] One end of the gas-water separator 101 is connected to the separator air outlet 12 of the fuel cell stack 201, and the other end is connected to the hydrogen pump or ejector 212; the tail gas discharged from the separator air outlet 12 of the fuel cell stack 201 is separated from the water through the vortex + baffle structure of the gas-water separator 101, the air humidity is reduced and its concentration is increased, and the separated air is sucked into the hydrogen pump or ejector 212 through negative pressure, mixed with fresh air and then enters the stack, so as to achieve air recycling and reuse and humidification of fresh air.

[0132] Application of gas-water separator 101: Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the gas-water separator body 5 and the gas-water separator 101 cover plate 3 are assembled together by bolts 6 and an internal sealing ring 10, and the drain valve 13, the nitrogen exhaust valve 14, the air pressure sensor 4 and the air temperature sensor 2 are installed.

[0133] Then, the gas-water separator 101 is fixed to the front end plate of the hydrogen fuel cell stack 201 by means of fixing bolts 7, the separator air inlet 11 is connected to the separator air outlet of the stack 201, and the separator air outlet 12 is connected to the air inlet of the air circulation pump.

[0134] Since there is excess air in hydrogen fuel cells, the exhaust consists of not only the reaction product water, but also excess air and nitrogen from the proton exchange membrane, which together constitute the exhaust air.

[0135] The exhaust gas from the air path of the fuel cell stack 201 enters the flow channel of the gas-water separator body 5, and enters the vortex water separation area after being guided by the initial baffle.

[0136] Vortex watershed A Figure 3 As shown, it is formed by 5 vortex water dividing baffles, each vortex water dividing baffle is inclined at 72° to each other, and each baffle has an inclination angle as shown in FIG. Figure 5 , 6 shown.

[0137] When the gas passes through the vortex water separation area A, Figure 5 As shown, it will collide with five vortex water-dividing baffles respectively to form an air flow vortex, and part of the water vapor will separate 70-80% of the water vapor when colliding with the baffle, and flow out from the vortex water guide groove at the corner. After the remaining gas forms a vortex airflow, the space in the upper area increases and the pressure decreases due to the oblique angle of the baffle, which will press the gas into the notch flow channel of the cover plate 3 of the gas-water separator 101, thereby entering the baffle water-dividing area B.

[0138] Baffle watershed B, such as Figure 3 As shown, it mainly includes a bottom water retaining plate 1-21 and a side water retaining plate.

[0139] The first side plate 1-22, the second side plate 1-23 and the bottom water retaining plate 1-21 form a water retaining area; the water retaining area is the condensed water collection area.

[0140] After the air flowing from the vortex water separation area A enters the baffle water separation area, the airflow velocity slows down due to the increase in space, and at the same time hits the wall, separating nearly 20% to 29.9% of the water vapor in the remaining gas, and then enters the condensed water collection area at the bottom, and is collected with the condensed water of the air circulation pump and discharged through the separator drain port 9 of the drain valve 13. The remaining air is discharged from the separator air outlet 12. The streamlines of the air and condensed water are as shown in the figure. Figure 4 shown.

[0141] Excess nitrogen is discharged; when the air is exchanging protons in the stack 201, the nitrogen will simultaneously pass through the proton exchange membrane to the anode and enter the air, which will reduce the concentration of the discharged air. Therefore, after the air is separated from the water, the nitrogen discharge port 1 is set to a position lower than the separator air outlet 12 according to the mass fraction of nitrogen being greater than that of air. The position of the nitrogen discharge valve 14 is as follows: Figure 1 shown.

[0142] At the same time, a hydrogen pump drainage collection joint 8 is provided on the main body of the gas-water separator 101; the hydrogen pump drainage collection joint 8 is used to collect condensed water from the hydrogen pump or other places, drain water together, increase integration, and reduce the number of drainage valves; the hydrogen pump drainage collection joint of the present invention is the external interface mentioned above.

[0143] Obviously, the specific implementation of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned methods. As long as various non-substantial improvements are made using the method concept and technical solution of the present invention, they are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fuel cell system, characterized in that: It includes a battery stack and an air system; the air system includes an air intake system and an air exhaust system; The air intake system includes a main air intake duct, and the main air intake duct is connected to the fuel cell stack through a branch air intake duct; The air exhaust system includes a main air outlet pipeline, and the battery stack is connected to the main air outlet pipeline through a branch air outlet pipeline; The air system also includes a humidification system; the humidification system includes a humidification pipeline; The main air outlet pipe is connected to the main air inlet pipe through the humidification pipe.

2. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main air outlet pipeline is connected with a tail exhaust mixing pipe; the main air outlet pipeline, the humidification pipeline and the tail exhaust mixing pipe are connected through a three-way valve.

3. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake system also includes an air filter, a mass flow meter, an air compressor and an intercooler arranged on the main intake duct; the air filter, the mass flow meter, the air compressor and the intercooler are connected in sequence; one end of the humidification duct is connected to the main air outlet duct, and the other end is connected to the main intake duct between the air compressor and the intercooler or to the main intake duct between the air compressor and the air mass flow meter.

4. A fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The main air inlet pipeline is connected to the main air outlet pipeline through a bypass pipeline; a bypass valve is arranged on the bypass pipeline.

5. A fuel cell system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen intake system and a hydrogen outlet system; the hydrogen intake system includes a hydrogen supply unit; the hydrogen supply unit is connected to the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen intake pipeline; The hydrogen outlet system comprises a hydrogen outlet pipeline, and the fuel cell stack is connected to a gas-water separator via the hydrogen outlet pipeline; The gas-water separator is connected to the tail discharge mixing pipe through a discharge pipe; The hydrogen inlet pipeline is provided with an ejector; The gas-water separator is connected to the ejector via a hydrogen circulation pump.

6. A fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump inlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through the first air inlet pipeline; The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump outlet on the hydrogen circulation pump through a hydrogen pump drainage pipeline; A hydrogen pump heating drain valve is provided on the hydrogen pump drain pipeline.

7. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas-water separator is provided with a separator hydrogen outlet and an external interface; the gas-water separator is connected to the first air inlet pipeline through the separator hydrogen outlet; The gas-water separator is connected to the hydrogen pump drainage pipeline through an external interface; The external interface is distributed at one end of the gas-water separator close to the separator drain port.

8. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen circulation pump is connected to the ejector through a reflux pipeline, and a one-way valve is arranged on the reflux pipeline.

9. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The hydrogen pump outlet includes a transverse outlet and a longitudinal outlet, and the vertical section of the hydrogen pump outlet is L-shaped; the hydrogen pump outlet takes in air along the tangent direction of the impeller in the hydrogen circulation pump; the air intake direction of the hydrogen pump outlet is opposite to that of the hydrogen pump inlet.

10. A fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: The gas-water separator comprises a gas-water separator body; a gas-water separator cover plate is provided on the gas-water separator body; The gas-water separator body is provided with a separator hydrogen inlet, a separator hydrogen outlet and a separator water outlet; the separator hydrogen inlet, the separator hydrogen outlet and the separator water outlet are distributed in an interval and staggered manner on the gas-water separator body; The gas-water separator body is provided with a water separation structure; The water distribution structure includes a vortex water distribution mechanism and a baffle water distribution mechanism; The hydrogen exhausted from the fuel cell stack enters the interior of the gas-water separator body from the hydrogen inlet of the separator, and then is separated from the gas and water by the vortex water separation mechanism and the baffle water separation mechanism.

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