The invention discloses a groove-type planting method of nano-selenium Chinese yam. Deep soil is crushed and made to float to be mixed with cultivated soil through a deep plowing technology, by adding a certain amount of biological-organic fertilizer containing nano-selenium, the soil is fertile, loose, rich in organics, and is more suitable for growth of the Chinese yam, the selenium content of the Chinese yam is increased, and the nutrition and medicinal value of the Chinese yam are increased. A plurality of U-shaped planting grooves are arranged for planting the Chinese yam, the Chinese yam can transversely grow along the U-shaped planting grooves and is easy to plant and harvest, labor intensity is relieved, and production cost is reduced. Meanwhile, the planting grooves are made of materials with mesh holes, palm bark is laid inside the planting grooves, the breathability and water permeability of the planting grooves can be effectively improved, and waterlogging and droughts are both effectively prevented. A double-layer planting method is adopted, the utilization area of land is effectively increased, and production and income are both increased largely.