Energy storage box, energy storage cabinet group and refrigerant control method for integrated cooling and fire protection

Abstract

The present application relates to an energy storage box, an energy storage cabinet group and a refrigerant control method with integrated cooling and fire protection, comprising a box body and at least one battery group, wherein the battery group comprises forward-placed battery cells, the top of the battery cells is provided with a fence and a first liquid accumulation cavity; an accommodation gap is provided between adjacent battery cells, a heat dissipation channel is provided in the accommodation gap, the heat dissipation channel comprises a channel inlet, a channel outlet and at least one liquid accumulation channel, the refrigerant flows into the liquid accumulation channel through the channel inlet, the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out from the channel outlet, and the refrigerant located in the liquid accumulation channel directly cools down the side surface of the battery cell; the refrigerant can be evenly covered on the top and side of the battery cell for overflow heat exchange through the fence and the heat dissipation channel for overflow heat exchange, and only a small amount of refrigerant needs to be stored at the bottom of the box body to achieve overall heat dissipation of the battery cell, which not only improves the heat exchange efficiency of the immersion liquid, but also greatly reduces the liquid consumption and the construction cost of the entire system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery energy storage technology, and in particular to an energy storage box, an energy storage cabinet group and a refrigerant control method for integrated cooling and fire protection. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of new energy storage demand, energy storage safety has become a vital part of energy storage projects. In particular, thermal management technology is the top priority of energy storage safety prevention and control. At present, energy storage thermal management mostly adopts two methods: air cooling and liquid cooling. As the charging and discharging rates of energy storage products gradually increase, air cooling solutions can no longer meet the heat dissipation needs of battery cells. Immersion liquid cooling has become a key research direction for battery thermal management needs in the energy storage industry, also known as direct liquid cooling. Immersion liquid cooling refers to directly immersing the battery cell in an insulating, non-toxic, heat-dissipating refrigerant, and taking away the heat through the liquid to achieve a higher level of thermal management. It has the advantages of rapid cooling and good temperature uniformity. In addition to being a temperature control medium, the refrigerant can also be used as a fire-fighting fluid for energy storage systems, combining temperature control and fire protection into one, and achieving long-term safe operation of the energy storage system.

[0003] At present, there are two main types of immersion liquid cooling: TANK cylinder-type full immersion and PACK package full immersion. Among them, the TANK cylinder-type full immersion method has high requirements for the design of the sealing structure, is prone to leakage problems, and requires a large amount of liquid, and the system cost is extremely high. In addition, when the battery cell fails in the later stage, it is necessary to drain the entire liquid and open the cylinder for repair, which has high maintenance requirements and is complicated. The PACK package-level immersion method is relatively convenient to maintain and the difficulty of sealing design is reduced, but it is prone to local hot spots, and the PACK package needs to be pressurized, the manufacturing cost is high, and there is still a large demand for liquid. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides an energy storage box, an energy storage cabinet group and a refrigerant control method for integrated cooling and fire protection, which specifically adopts the following technical solutions:

[0005] An energy storage box with integrated cooling and fire protection, comprising a box body and a battery assembly arranged inside the box body,

[0006] The battery assembly comprises a forward-placed battery cell, a baffle is provided on the top of the battery cell, and a first liquid accumulation cavity covering a bursting valve and a tab is formed inside the baffle;

[0007] An accommodating gap is provided between adjacent battery cells, and a heat dissipation channel is provided in the accommodating gap, and the heat dissipation channel includes a channel inlet, a channel outlet, and at least one liquid accumulation channel, wherein the channel inlet is located at the edge of the top of the battery cell, and the channel outlet is located at the side edge or bottom of the battery cell, the liquid accumulation channel is closely attached to the side surface of the battery cell, and at least one of the liquid accumulation channels is connected between the channel inlet and the channel outlet, and the refrigerant flows into the liquid accumulation channel through the channel inlet, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out from the channel outlet, wherein the refrigerant located in the liquid accumulation channel directly cools the side surface of the battery cell;

[0008] A shunt liquid inlet device is provided at the top of the box body corresponding to the battery grouping position, and the shunt liquid inlet device is provided with a plurality of refrigerant outlets, and the refrigerant is distributed above the battery core through the refrigerant outlets of the shunt liquid inlet device; and a first liquid inlet is provided at the top of the box body, one end of the first liquid inlet is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the first liquid inlet extends into the box body and is connected to the shunt liquid inlet device;

[0009] A second liquid accumulation cavity is provided at the bottom of the box body, and the bottom part of the battery cell is immersed in the second liquid accumulation cavity; a liquid outlet connected to an external liquid return pipeline is provided at the bottom of the box body, and the lower edge height of the liquid outlet is higher than or equal to the liquid level height of the second liquid accumulation cavity.

[0010] Optionally: the enclosure surrounds the edge position of the top of the battery cell, and the first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure covers the entire top surface of the battery cell, and the first liquid accumulation cavity is connected to the flow channel inlet of the heat dissipation flow channel.

[0011] Optionally: the enclosure is arranged at the middle position of the top of the battery cell, and the enclosure is arranged around the minimum edges of the bursting valve and the pole lug respectively, and the first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure only covers the bursting valve and the pole lug.

[0012] Optionally, the enclosure surrounds the top edge of the battery assembly, and the first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure covers the entire top surface of the battery assembly.

[0013] Optionally: a first partition is further provided in the accommodating gap, and the heat dissipation channel is located between the first partition and the side surface of the battery cell.

[0014] Optionally: a first partition is provided between adjacent battery cells, and the top edge of the first partition located between adjacent battery cells extends upward to form an extension portion, and the extension portion and the enclosure at the top position of each battery cell together form a first liquid accumulation chamber unit, and the first liquid accumulation chamber unit covers the top surface of a single battery cell.

[0015] Optionally: the heat dissipation channel adopts a first guide bar and a second guide bar which are alternately arranged at intervals, wherein the ends of the first guide bars close to the top of the battery cell are connected to each other, and the ends of the second guide bars close to the bottom of the battery cell are connected to each other, and the other ends of the first guide bar and the second guide bar are staggered to form the heat dissipation channel by enclosing the first guide bar and the second guide bar.

[0016] Optionally: a second liquid inlet is provided on the top of the box body, one end of the second liquid inlet is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid inlet extends into the box body and is connected to a fire-fighting liquid inlet device.

[0017] Optionally: a plurality of guide flow channels are provided in the second liquid accumulation cavity, and one ends of the guide flow channels are interconnected.

[0018] Optionally: a plurality of staggered first capillary channels and second capillary channels are provided on the top of the battery cell, wherein the first capillary channels are parallel to the length direction of the battery cell, the second capillary channels are parallel to the width direction of the battery cell, and the width of the first capillary channels is greater than the width of the second capillary channels.

[0019] Optionally: the area of ​​the side surface of the battery cell covered by the liquid accumulation channel is 50% or more of the side surface area of ​​the battery cell.

[0020] Optionally, the first guide bar and the second guide bar are respectively integrally connected to the side surfaces of the battery cell.

[0021] Optionally, the first guide bar and the second guide bar are respectively integrally connected to the side surface of the first partition.

[0022] Optional: The heat dissipation channel is provided with two liquid accumulation channels, the channel inlet is located in the middle of the top of the battery cell, and a channel outlet is provided on both sides of the bottom of the battery cell, each channel outlet is connected to a liquid accumulation channel, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels respectively through the channel inlet, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out through the channel outlet connected to each liquid accumulation channel.

[0023] Optional: The heat dissipation channel is provided with two liquid accumulation channels, the channel inlet is located in the middle of the top of the battery cell, and a channel outlet is respectively provided at the upper position of the two side edges of the battery cell, each channel outlet is connected to a liquid accumulation channel, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels respectively through the channel inlet, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out through the channel outlet connected to each liquid accumulation channel.

[0024] The heat dissipation channel is provided with two liquid accumulation channels, and the channel inlet is located in the middle position of the top of the battery cell, wherein a channel outlet is provided at the upper position of one side edge of the battery cell, and the upper openings of the two liquid accumulation channels are kept connected, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels in turn through the channel inlet, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out through the channel outlet on the side edge of the battery cell.

[0025] A liquid level meter for monitoring the height of the refrigerant liquid level is provided inside the box body, and a second solenoid valve is provided at the liquid outlet, and the opening and closing state of the second solenoid valve is controlled by a monitoring signal of the liquid level meter.

[0026] In addition, the present application also discloses an energy storage cabinet group, which includes the above-mentioned energy storage box, liquid inlet pipeline, liquid return pipeline, liquid storage cooling assembly and energy storage cabinet body, wherein the energy storage box, liquid inlet pipeline, liquid return pipeline and liquid storage cooling assembly are all installed in the energy storage cabinet body, wherein a plurality of the energy storage boxes are stacked, and the energy storage boxes and the liquid storage cooling assembly are connected through the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid return pipeline to form a cooling circulation loop.

[0027] In addition, the present application also discloses a refrigerant control method for the above energy storage cabinet group, which comprises the following steps:

[0028] The liquid storage cooling assembly drives the refrigerant to flow into the energy storage box through the liquid inlet pipeline according to the preset flow rate and evenly distributes the liquid to the battery group. The refrigerant dissipates the heat of the battery group and gathers at the bottom of the energy storage box. The refrigerant at the bottom of the energy storage box flows back to the liquid storage cooling assembly through the liquid return pipeline;

[0029] Collecting liquid level data of the first liquid accumulation chamber and the second liquid accumulation chamber in the energy storage box;

[0030] When the liquid level of the first liquid accumulation chamber is lower than the first liquid level threshold, the liquid inlet flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the liquid inlet pipeline into the energy storage tank is increased;

[0031] When the liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber is higher than the second liquid level threshold, the return flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the return liquid pipeline is increased.

[0032] Beneficial Effects

[0033] The technical solution of this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The energy storage box of the present application adopts a semi-submerged battery pack design, which avoids local hot spots in the battery cells by evenly distributing the liquid on the top, thereby avoiding affecting the normal operation of the system; in addition, the top and sides of the battery cells can be evenly covered with refrigerant through the enclosure and the heat dissipation flow channel to perform overflow heat exchange. Only a small amount of refrigerant needs to be stored at the bottom of the box to achieve overall heat dissipation of the battery cells. It not only improves the heat exchange efficiency of the immersion liquid, but also greatly reduces the amount of liquid used. On the premise of maintaining the ultimate heat dissipation performance of the immersion cooling method, the cost of the entire system is greatly reduced.

[0035] (2) The energy storage box of the present application will set up a fence on the top of the battery cell so that the burst valve or the pole ear of the battery cell is always immersed in the refrigerant, and the adjacent battery cells are thermally isolated by the liquid accumulation flow channel that continuously stores liquid in the heat dissipation flow channel. When the temperature of the battery cell rises, the refrigerant in the liquid accumulation flow channel partially evaporates and absorbs heat, thereby avoiding excessive temperature increase, which can effectively suppress the heat spread after thermal runaway of the battery cell and ensure safe and reliable operation of the battery cell.

[0036] (3) When the battery cell of the energy storage box of the present application is in thermal runaway, the heat inside the battery cell can be absorbed by the refrigerant stored in the liquid accumulation flow channel, and the liquid absorbs heat to heat up to its boiling point and vaporizes, thereby preventing the spread of heat and causing thermal runaway of adjacent battery cells. In addition, when the top pressure relief valve explodes due to thermal runaway of the battery cell, the ejected high-temperature gas enters the battery after being cooled by the liquid in the liquid accumulation cavity of the top enclosure of the battery cell. The cooled gas is difficult to react with oxygen, effectively avoiding secondary combustion runaway. At the same time, after the pressure relief valve at the top of the thermally runaway battery cell is depressurized, the pressure relief valve is immersed in the water seal of the insulating cold fluid in the liquid accumulation cavity in the enclosure, preventing the oxygen in the battery pack from entering the battery cell for chemical reaction, thereby further suppressing the spread of thermal runaway of the battery cell.

[0037] (4) The energy storage box of the present application can effectively control the overall operating weight of the device and reduce deployment and installation requirements because it significantly reduces the amount of liquid used. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the installation structure of the battery group located inside the box in the embodiment of the present application.

[0039] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the energy storage box in the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the energy storage box in the embodiment of the present application after the upper cover of the box body is removed.

[0041] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the energy storage box in the embodiment of the present application.

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the lateral internal structure of the energy storage box in an embodiment of the present application.

[0043] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of position A in the middle.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom structure of the energy storage box in an embodiment of the present application.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fence in an embodiment of the present application.

[0046] Fig. 9 for Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the middle enclosure structure.

[0047] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another enclosure in an embodiment of the present application.

[0048] Fig.11 for Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the middle enclosure structure.

[0049] Fig.12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of another enclosure in an embodiment of the present application.

[0050] Fig.13 for Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the side cross-section structure of the middle enclosure structure.

[0051] Fig.14 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the heat dissipation channel in the embodiment of the present application.

[0052] Fig.15 This is a schematic diagram of a heat dissipation channel structure located on the first partition in an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] Fig.16 This is a schematic diagram of another heat dissipation channel structure located on the first partition in an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of another heat dissipation channel structure located on the first partition in an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] Fig.18 Schematic diagram of the structure of the energy storage cabinet group in the embodiment of the present application.

[0056] The specific meanings of the reference numerals in the accompanying drawings are:

[0057] 1-box; 101-box top; 102-box bottom; 103-first liquid inlet; 104-second liquid inlet; 105-liquid outlet; 106-second liquid accumulation chamber; 107-guide channel; 2-battery cell; 201-top of battery cell; 202-bottom of battery cell; 203-edge of top of battery cell; 204-burst valve; 205-ear; 3-first partition; 31-heat dissipation channel; 301-channel inlet; 3 02-liquid accumulation channel; 303-channel outlet; 304-first guide strip; 305-second guide strip; 306-extension; 4-diverter liquid inlet device; 401-liquid inlet manifold; 402-diverter branch pipe; 5-enclosure; 501-first liquid accumulation chamber; 5011-first liquid accumulation chamber unit; 502-enclosure top; 503-enclosure bottom; 504-circulation gap; 505-enclosure gap; 6-end plate; 7-accommodation gap.

[0058] 1-1, energy storage box; 1-2, liquid inlet pipeline; 1-3, liquid return pipeline; 1-4, liquid storage cooling assembly; 1-5, drain valve; 1-6, pressure relief valve; 1-7, energy storage cabinet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0059] The present application is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present application. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application.

[0060] At present, the cooling method of the energy storage box generally adopts immersion liquid cooling, which mainly includes TANK cylinder full immersion and PACK package full immersion. Among them, the TANK cylinder full immersion method is to fill the box with refrigerant, place the battery cell as a whole in the container and then immerse it in the box, so that the refrigerant immerses the battery cell container as a whole. This method has high requirements for the design of the sealing structure, is prone to leakage problems, and has a large demand for liquid, and the system cost is extremely high; in addition, when the battery cell fails to maintain in the later stage, it is necessary to drain the liquid as a whole and then open the cylinder for maintenance, which requires high maintenance and is complicated. The PACK package full immersion method is to place the battery cell package directly in the box. Although maintenance is relatively convenient and the difficulty of sealing design is reduced, local hot spots are prone to occur, and the battery pack needs to be under pressure, the manufacturing cost is high, and there is still a large demand for liquid. It should be noted that the forward placement of the battery cell in this application generally refers to the state when the battery cell is located inside the energy storage box body, the side of the battery cell containing the burst valve faces the top of the box body, and the opposite side of the burst valve in the battery cell faces the bottom of the box body.

[0061] Combination Figure 1-6 As shown, an embodiment of the present application specifically discloses an energy storage box with integrated cooling and fire protection, which includes a box body 1 and at least one battery group, wherein each of the battery groups includes a plurality of battery cells 2 distributed side by side, and the positive and negative pole ears 205 of each battery cell are connected in series in sequence, wherein in the present application, a shunt liquid inlet device 4 is provided at the position of the battery group corresponding to the top 101 of the box body, and the shunt liquid inlet device 4 is provided with a refrigerant outlet, and the refrigerant is distributed above the battery cell 2 through the refrigerant outlet of the shunt liquid inlet device 4, and the refrigerant distributed to the top 201 of the battery cell can dissipate heat from the top 201 of the battery cell, and then the refrigerant flows downward from the side of the battery cell 2 due to gravitational potential energy, thereby cooling the side surface of the battery cell 2, and finally gathering at the bottom of the box body 1. At the same time, the top 101 of the box body is provided with a first liquid inlet 103, one end of which is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of which extends into the box body 1 and is connected to the diverter liquid inlet device 4. The refrigerant in the external liquid inlet pipeline enters the box body 1 of the energy storage box through the first liquid inlet 103, and is evenly distributed to the top of the battery array by the diverter liquid inlet device 4. It should be noted that, in combination with Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the split flow inlet device 4 in the present application includes a liquid inlet manifold 401 and at least one split flow branch 402, wherein the liquid inlet manifold 401 mainly distributes the refrigerant from the outside to multiple split flow branches 402 evenly. Preferably, in the present application, a split flow branch 402 is respectively provided at the upper position of each battery group corresponding to the top 101 of the box body, and the split flow branch 402 is provided with a refrigerant outlet at the position corresponding to each battery cell 2; multiple split flow branches 402 are connected to the same liquid inlet manifold 401, and the liquid inlet manifold 401 is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline outside the box body 1 through the first liquid inlet 103. The external refrigerant flows from the liquid inlet pipeline and the first liquid inlet 103 to the liquid inlet manifold 401 inside the box body 1, and the refrigerant is respectively distributed to the multiple split flow branches 402 through the multiple outlets of the liquid inlet manifold 401, and the multiple refrigerant outlets through the split flow branch 402 are evenly distributed on the top surface of each battery cell 2. It should be noted that there is no limit to the number of branch pipes 402 in the present application. One branch pipe 402 or multiple branch pipes 402 can be set on each battery group; or two battery groups can share one branch pipe 402. The number and distribution positions of the branch pipes 402 in the present application can be adjusted based on the internal structure of the energy storage box and the refrigerant flow requirements.

[0062] Furthermore, in order to avoid heat transfer between adjacent battery cells 2 and due to the need for self-cooling, the present application provides heat dissipation channels 31 on both sides of the battery cell 2, such as Fig.14 As shown, the heat dissipation channel 31 includes a channel inlet 301, a channel outlet 303 and at least one liquid accumulation channel 302, wherein the channel inlet 301 is located at the edge 203 of the top 201 of the battery cell, and the channel outlet 303 is located at the side edge or bottom 202 of the battery cell 2, the liquid accumulation channel 302 is close to the side surface of the battery cell 2, and at least one of the liquid accumulation channel 302 is connected between the channel inlet 301 and the channel outlet 303, and the refrigerant flows into the liquid accumulation channel 302 through the channel inlet 301, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel 302 flows out from the channel outlet 303, wherein the refrigerant located in the liquid accumulation channel 302 directly cools the side surface of the battery cell 2. It should be understood that since the battery assembly includes a plurality of battery cells 2, an accommodation gap 7 is provided between adjacent battery cells 2, such as Fig.13 As shown, the heat dissipation channel 31 is located in the accommodating gap 7. It should be noted that in the present application, the heat dissipation channel 31 can be directly formed by the accommodating gap 7, or can be formed by the bonding surface of the first partition plate 3 and the battery cell 2.

[0063] It should be noted that the refrigerant in the heat dissipation channel 31 in the present application directly dissipates heat on the side surface of the battery cell 2, and the heat dissipation efficiency is greatly improved compared with the traditional liquid cooling plate method. In addition, the liquid accumulation channel 302 in the present application can accumulate part of the refrigerant. When the energy storage box is working normally, the refrigerant circulates from top to bottom inside the box body 1, which can achieve heat dissipation on the top 201 and the side of the battery cell and isolate the heat transfer between adjacent battery cells 2. When the energy storage box stops working (generally the refrigerant no longer circulates), at this time, since part of the refrigerant is accumulated in the liquid accumulation channel 302, the refrigerant located in the liquid accumulation channel 302 can isolate the heat transfer of adjacent battery cells 2. Therefore, the energy storage box in the present application not only realizes heat dissipation and cooling in the normal working stage, but also can achieve heat isolation for the battery cell 2 of the energy storage box after stopping working, thereby ensuring that the thermal runaway of the battery cell 2 spreads to the adjacent battery cell 2, thereby improving the safety of the energy storage box.

[0064] Specific, combined Figure 8-13 As shown, in the present application, a baffle 5 is provided on the top of the battery cell 2, and a first liquid accumulation cavity 501 covering the bursting valve 204 and the pole lug 205 is formed inside the baffle 5. Preferably, the top edge of the baffle 5 in the present application is higher than the maximum height of the top 201 of the battery cell 2. In the present application, the baffle 5 on the battery cell 2 can be used to accumulate refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 in the baffle 5. On the one hand, since the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 covers the bursting valve 204 and the pole lug 205, the refrigerant in the baffle 5 can dissipate heat and cool the positions of the bursting valve 204 and the pole lug 205. On the other hand, the bursting valve 204 or the pole lug 205 can be blocked by the refrigerant to prevent the bursting valve 204 or the pole lug 205 from contacting the oxygen in the box body 1, which not only improves the life of the pole lug 205, but also can block the bursting valve 204 when the battery cell 2 is in thermal runaway, to prevent the inside of the battery cell 2 from contacting with external oxygen, and to prevent the thermal runaway from aggravating. It should be noted that, in the present application, a liquid level gauge can be set in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501, and the refrigerant flow at the top 11 of the box body can be controlled based on the liquid level data of the first liquid accumulation chamber 501. By comparing the actual liquid level of the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 with the preset liquid level threshold, the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 can be controlled to always remain at a fixed liquid level, so as to keep the burst valve 204 blocked and avoid reducing the heat dissipation effect of the battery cell 2.

[0065] Optionally, as an implementation method of the enclosure 5 structure, combined with Fig.12 and Fig.13As shown, the enclosure 5 in the present application can be arranged at the top edge of the battery array, that is, the enclosure 5 only needs to surround the battery array once, and the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 formed by the enclosure 5 can cover the entire top surface of the battery array, wherein when a first partition 3 is provided in the accommodating gap 7 between adjacent battery cells 2, the top edge of the first partition 3 can be extended upward to form an extension portion 306, and the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 formed by the enclosure 5 can be divided into a plurality of first liquid accumulation cavity units 5011 covering the burst valve 204 and the pole ear 205 of a single battery cell 2 through the extension portion 306 of the first partition 3, and each of the first liquid accumulation cavity units 5011 is respectively connected to the channel inlet 301 of the heat dissipation channel 31 on both sides of the battery cell 2. The refrigerant flowing down from the top 11 of the box body will first accumulate in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501. At this time, the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 can dissipate heat on the top 201 surface of each battery cell in the battery assembly and isolate the burst valve 204 or the tab 205 from oxygen. As the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 accumulates, the refrigerant will flow to the heat dissipation channel 31 between adjacent battery cells 2, and enter the liquid accumulation channel 302 of the heat dissipation channel 31 through the channel inlet 301, thereby achieving heat dissipation and heat insulation on the side surface of the battery cell 2. It should be explained that in the present embodiment, a flow gap 504 may be provided between the bottom 503 of the enclosure and the battery cell. When the liquid in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 accumulates to a certain liquid level, part of the refrigerant may flow through the flow gap 504 to the heat dissipation channel 31 at the end of the battery assembly. In addition, when the liquid level in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 exceeds the top 502 of the enclosure, part of the refrigerant will overflow and flow downward along the surface of the enclosure into the heat dissipation channel 31 to achieve heat dissipation cooling of the end wires.

[0066] Optionally, as an implementation method of the enclosure 5 structure, combined with Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the enclosure 5 in the present application can be set at the edge 203 of the top 201 of the battery cell, and the enclosure 5 surrounds the edge of the top 201 of the battery cell. The first liquid accumulation cavity 501 formed by the enclosure 5 covers the entire top surface of the battery cell 2, and the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 is connected to the flow channel inlet 301 of the heat dissipation flow channel 31. Fig. 9 As shown, the top of the enclosure 502 located around the top of the battery cell 201 is higher than the height of the top of the battery cell 201, so that the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 covers the entire top surface of the battery cell 2, and the refrigerant on the top 11 of the box body will preferentially accumulate in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501. At this time, the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 can dissipate heat for the entire surface of the top of the battery cell 201, and isolate the bursting valve 204 or the pole ear 205 from contacting oxygen. When the refrigerant accumulation in the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 exceeds the top of the enclosure 502, the overflowing refrigerant will flow into the enclosure gap 505, and enter the liquid accumulation channel 302 of the heat dissipation channel 31 through the channel inlet 301 at the bottom of the enclosure gap 505, thereby achieving heat dissipation and heat insulation on the side surface of the battery cell 2.

[0067] Optionally, as another embodiment of the enclosure 5 structure, Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the enclosure 5 in the present application can also be arranged at the middle position of the top 201 of the battery cell, and the enclosure 5 is arranged around the smallest edge of the burst valve 204 or the pole ear 205, so that the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 formed by the enclosure 5 only covers the burst valve 204 and the pole ear 205. Fig.11 As shown, the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 formed by the enclosure 5 only covers the burst valve 204 and the pole ear 205. As the refrigerant accumulates in the first liquid accumulation cavity 501, the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 can isolate the burst valve 204 or the pole ear 205 from contacting oxygen. When the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation cavity 501 accumulates and fills the cavity, the refrigerant will overflow from the top of the enclosure 502 and flow to cover other positions of the top 201 of the battery cell except the burst valve 204 or the pole ear 205. At this time, the overflowing refrigerant dissipates heat from the top 201 of the battery cell. It should be noted that in this application, in order to ensure uniform heat dissipation at various positions on the surface of the top 201 of the battery cell, a number of staggered first capillary channels and second capillary channels can be provided on the top 201 of the battery cell, wherein the first capillary channel is parallel to the length direction of the battery cell 2, the second capillary channel is parallel to the width direction of the battery cell 2, and the width of the first capillary channel is greater than the width of the second capillary channel. Since the width of the first capillary channel is greater than that of the second capillary channel, the flow rate of the refrigerant in the first capillary channel is faster than that in the second capillary channel. When the refrigerant overflows and covers the surface of the top 201 of the battery cell, more refrigerant flows in the length direction of the battery cell 2, thereby making the reverse heat dissipation rate of the length and width of the top 201 of the battery cell consistent, thereby improving the heat dissipation effect.

[0068] It should be explained that in this application, the side surfaces of the cells at both ends of the battery pack are also provided with heat dissipation channels 31. Figure 5 and Fig.13 As shown, end plates 6 are respectively provided at both ends of the battery assembly, a receiving gap 7 is provided between the end plates 6 and the battery cell 2, and the heat dissipation channel 31 is located in the receiving gap 7. Similarly, a first partition plate 3 may also be provided in the receiving gap 7 between the end plates 6 and the battery cell 2, and the heat dissipation channel 31 is located between the first partition plate 6 and the side surface of the battery cell 2.

[0069] Furthermore, in order to achieve the overall heat dissipation effect on the battery cell 2, the present application further provides a second liquid accumulation chamber 106 at the bottom 102 of the box body. Figure 1As shown, the bottom 202 of the battery cell is partially immersed in the second liquid accumulation chamber 106. It should be understood that in the present application, the first liquid accumulation chamber 501 of the top 201 of the battery cell and the heat dissipation channel 31 on the side can respectively dissipate heat and cool the top 201 and the side surface of the battery cell, while the bottom 202 of the battery cell can be immersed in the refrigerant in the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 of the bottom 102 of the box body for heat dissipation. The refrigerant flowing from the top 11 of the box body to the battery assembly flows along the side surface of the battery cell 2 to the bottom 102 of the box body due to gravitational potential energy, and accumulates in the second liquid accumulation chamber 106, and then is discharged from the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 to the outside of the box body 1, and the refrigerant is cooled by the external liquid storage cooling component and re-delivered to the liquid inlet pipeline.

[0070] It should be noted that the present application ensures the stable flow of the refrigerant flowing to the bottom 102 of the box body, reduces the lateral flow of the refrigerant (i.e., avoids the refrigerant flowing along the width direction of the battery group), and enables the refrigerant at one end of the box body 1 to quickly flow back to the other end of the box body 1, thereby reducing the turbulent dead zone. Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of guide channels 107 are provided at the bottom 102 of the box body, and one end of the guide channels 107 is interconnected. Preferably, at least one guide channel 107 may correspond to the bottom of each battery group, and the battery group is placed on the bosses on both sides of the guide channel 107. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, a liquid outlet 105 connected to an external liquid return pipeline is provided at the bottom of the box body 1. In the present application, the box body 1 can be provided with at least one liquid outlet 105, and the liquid outlet 105 is arranged on a side surface of the box body 1 close to the bottom, and the lower edge height of the liquid outlet 105 is higher than or equal to the maximum liquid level height of the second liquid accumulation chamber 106. It should be noted that when the refrigerant on the battery array flows to the guide channel 107 at the bottom 102 of the box body through gravitational potential energy, and because one end of the guide channel 107 is interconnected to form a connecting portion, the refrigerant at the bottom 102 of the box body can be concentrated from one end to the connecting portion through the guide channel 107. This connecting portion is close to the liquid outlet 105, so the refrigerant flows out of the box body 1 through the liquid outlet 105, and the refrigerant liquid level height at the bottom 102 of the box body is kept to immerse the bottom of the battery array. Therefore, the energy storage box of the present application does not require a large amount of refrigerant liquid. The bottom 102 of the box body only needs to store a small amount of refrigerant to achieve overall heat dissipation of the battery cell 2. It not only improves the heat exchange efficiency of the immersion liquid, but also greatly reduces the amount of liquid used. On the premise of maintaining the ultimate heat dissipation performance of the immersion cooling method, the cost of the entire system is greatly reduced.

[0071] Further, such as Figure 2As shown, the present application also has a second liquid inlet 104 at the top 101 of the box body, wherein one end of the second liquid inlet 104 is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid inlet 104 extends into the box body 1 and is connected to a fire-fighting liquid inlet device; a first solenoid valve is provided between the second liquid inlet 104 and the liquid inlet pipeline, and the opening and closing state of the first solenoid valve controls the flow of refrigerant to the fire-fighting liquid inlet device. It should be understood that in the present application, the top 201 and the side of the battery cell are generally covered with refrigerant for overflow heat exchange through the enclosure 5 and the heat dissipation flow channel, so as to achieve overall heat dissipation of the battery cell 2, and at the same time, it can also play a fire-fighting function. Once the thermal runaway intensifies and the internal temperature of the energy storage box increases sharply, the energy storage box of the present application will open the first solenoid valve. At this time, a large amount of refrigerant will enter the interior of the box body 1 through the fire-fighting liquid inlet device, so that the interior of the box body 1 changes from a semi-immersed mode to a fully immersed mode, thereby performing fire control on the out-of-control battery cell 2, further improving the safety of the energy storage box.

[0072] Furthermore, the present application may also set a second solenoid valve at the liquid outlet 105, and a liquid level gauge for monitoring the liquid level of the refrigerant in the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 is provided inside the housing 1, and the opening and closing state of the second solenoid valve is controlled by the monitoring signal of the liquid level gauge. It should be understood that since the bottom of the battery cell 2 needs to be kept immersed in the refrigerant in the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 to ensure heat dissipation, and to avoid excessive accumulation of refrigerant inside the housing 1, the liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 can be monitored by a liquid level gauge, and a liquid level threshold is set. Once the actual liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 exceeds the set liquid level threshold, the opening of the second solenoid valve is increased, the flow rate of the liquid outlet 105 is increased, and the liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber 106 is reduced to below the liquid level threshold, thereby ensuring that only a small amount of refrigerant is accumulated in the housing 1, greatly reducing the amount of liquid used, and effectively controlling the overall operating weight of the device to reduce deployment and installation requirements.

[0073] More specifically, the heat dissipation channel in the present application can be formed by the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 arranged between adjacent battery cells 2, combined with Fig.14As shown, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 of the present application are arranged alternately at intervals, wherein one end of the first guide bar 304 close to the top 201 of the battery cell is connected to each other, and one end of the second guide bar 305 close to the bottom 202 of the battery cell is also connected to each other, and the other ends of the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are not flush, and the two are arranged alternately. When two battery cells 2 are assembled, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 will be close to the side surfaces of the two battery cells 2, and the side surfaces of the battery cells 2, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 will enclose a heat dissipation channel 31 located between adjacent battery cells 2. It should be understood that the heat dissipation channel 31 formed by this structure directly uses the side surface of the battery cell 2 as the inner wall, so that the refrigerant flowing through the heat dissipation channel 31 directly dissipates and cools the side surface of the battery cell 2, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, as a connection structure of this heat dissipation channel, the first guide bar 304, the second guide bar 305 and the side surface of the battery cell 2 in the present application can be connected in an integrated manner, for example, an injection molding structure of the guide bar is provided on the injection mold of the battery cell 2 shell, so that the guide bar is directly formed on the side surface during the injection molding of the battery cell 2 shell, or the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are manufactured separately, and during assembly, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are fixed to the side surface of the battery cell 2 by bonding, welding or snapping.

[0074] As another embodiment of the heat dissipation channel, the present application may also set a first partition 3 between adjacent battery cells 2. Generally, the first partition 3 may be made of heat-insulating and insulating materials, and then a first guide bar 304 and a second guide bar 305 are provided on both sides of the first partition 3. Figure 15-17As shown, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 of the present application are arranged alternately and at intervals, and the ends of the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are not flush and are arranged alternately, wherein the end of the first guide bar 304 close to the top 201 of the battery cell (corresponding to the top of the first partition) is connected to each other, and the end of the second guide bar 305 close to the bottom 202 of the battery cell (corresponding to the bottom of the first partition) is also connected to each other. When two battery cells 2 are assembled, the first partition 3 is clamped between adjacent battery cells 2. At this time, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 will be close to the side surfaces of the battery cell 2 and the first partition 3 respectively, and the heat dissipation channel 31 located between adjacent battery cells 2 is formed by the side surface of the battery cell 2, the side surface of the first partition 3, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305. It should be noted that the heat dissipation channel 31 formed by this structure directly uses the side surface of one of the battery cells 2 as the inner wall, so that the refrigerant flowing through the heat dissipation channel 31 directly dissipates heat and cools the side surface of the battery cell 2, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency. In addition, as a connection structure of this heat dissipation channel, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 in the present application can be respectively connected to the side surface of the first partition 3 in an integral molding, for example, an injection molding structure of the guide bar is provided on the injection mold of the first partition 3, so that the guide bars are directly formed on the two side surfaces of the first partition 3 during injection molding. Alternatively, the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are manufactured separately, and the first guide bar 304 and the second guide bar 305 are fixed to the side surface of the first partition 3 by bonding, welding or snapping during assembly.

[0075] It should be noted that the coverage area of ​​the liquid accumulation channel 302 in the present application is generally 50% or more of the side surface area of ​​the battery cell 2. The liquid accumulation channel 302 is used to accumulate part of the refrigerant. The refrigerant accumulated in the liquid accumulation channel 302 is mainly used to dissipate heat from the sides of the battery cell 2 and prevent heat from spreading to adjacent battery cells 2. On the one hand, the accumulated refrigerant can be used to dissipate heat from the battery cell 2. To improve the effect, the larger the coverage area of ​​the liquid accumulation channel 302, the better. On the other hand, when the energy box is not in operation, even if the battery cell 2 has thermal runaway, the heat generated inside the battery cell 2 will preferentially heat the refrigerant in the liquid accumulation channel 302, and the liquid absorbs heat and rises to its boiling point to vaporize, thereby preventing the spread of heat and causing thermal runaway of the adjacent battery cell 2.

[0076] As a specific implementation of the heat dissipation channel structure, Fig.15Taking the structure shown as an example, the heat dissipation channel is located between the battery cell and the first partition. The heat dissipation channel 31 in this embodiment is provided with two liquid accumulation channels 302, the channel inlet 301 is located in the middle of the top 201 of the battery cell (corresponding to the top of the first partition), and a channel outlet 303 is provided on both sides of the bottom 202 of the battery cell (corresponding to the bottom of the first partition), each channel outlet 303 is connected to a liquid accumulation channel 302, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels 302 through the channel inlet 301 respectively through the gravitational potential energy. When the refrigerant in the two liquid accumulation channels 302 accumulates and overflows, the overflowed refrigerant flows to the bottom of the box body 1 through the channel outlets 303 on both sides of the battery cell 2. When the refrigerant stops flowing, the refrigerant is always retained in the two liquid accumulation channels 302, and the refrigerant can isolate the heat transfer between the battery cells 2 to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cells 2 from spreading.

[0077] As another specific implementation of the heat dissipation channel structure, Fig.16 Taking the structure shown as an example, the heat dissipation channel in this embodiment is provided with two liquid accumulation channels 302, the channel inlet 301 is located in the middle of the top 201 of the battery cell (corresponding to the top of the first partition), and a channel outlet 303 is provided at the upper position of both sides of the battery cell (corresponding to both sides of the first partition), each channel outlet 303 is connected to a liquid accumulation channel 302, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels 302 through the channel inlet 301, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel 302 flows out through the channel outlet 303 connected to each liquid accumulation channel 302. When the refrigerant stops flowing, the refrigerant is always retained in the two liquid accumulation channels 302, and the refrigerant can isolate the heat transfer between the battery cells 2 to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cells 2 from spreading.

[0078] As another specific implementation of the heat dissipation channel structure, Fig.17 Taking the structure shown as an example, the heat dissipation channel in this embodiment is provided with two liquid accumulation channels 302, and the channel inlet 301 is located in the middle of the top 201 of the battery cell (corresponding to the top of the first partition), wherein a channel outlet 303 is provided at the upper position of one side of the battery cell (corresponding to one side of the first partition), and the upper openings of the two liquid accumulation channels 302 are kept in communication, and the refrigerant enters the two liquid accumulation channels 302 in sequence through the channel inlet 301, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel 302 flows out through the channel outlet 303 on the side of the first partition 3. When the refrigerant stops flowing, the refrigerant is always retained in the two liquid accumulation channels 302, and the refrigerant can isolate the heat transfer between the battery cells 2 to prevent the thermal runaway of the battery cells 2 from spreading.

[0079] In addition, the present application also discloses an energy storage cabinet group, combined with Fig.18As shown, it includes the energy storage box 1-1, the liquid inlet pipeline 1-2, the liquid return pipeline 1-3, the liquid storage cooling assembly 1-4 and the energy storage cabinet 1-7 as in the above-mentioned embodiment, wherein the energy storage box 1-1, the liquid inlet pipeline 1-2, the liquid return pipeline 1-3, the liquid storage cooling assembly 1-4 are all installed in the energy storage cabinet 1-7, wherein a plurality of the energy storage boxes 1-1 are stacked, and the energy storage box 1-1 and the liquid storage cooling assembly 1-4 are connected through the liquid inlet pipeline 1-2 and the liquid return pipeline 1-3 to form a cooling circulation loop. The liquid storage cooling assembly 1-4 in the present application generally includes a liquid storage tank, a refrigeration module, a circulating pump and an electric heater, wherein the refrigerant is stored in the liquid storage tank, and the cooling module cools the refrigerant in the liquid storage tank through a cooling medium. The liquid storage tank is provided with at least three liquid outlets, one of which is connected to the liquid inlet pipeline after being connected to the circulation pump and the electric heater in sequence. The circulation pump is used to provide driving force for the flow of the refrigerant, and the electric heater is used to control the refrigerant in the liquid inlet pipeline to maintain a constant temperature. Another liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank is connected to the return liquid pipeline, which is used to recycle the refrigerant in the return liquid pipeline. The liquid storage tank is also provided with a liquid outlet for discharging the refrigerant. Generally, the drain valve 1-5 corresponding to this position is closed. When the refrigerant is replaced, the drain valve 1-5 can be opened to empty the liquid inside the liquid storage tank and re-introduce new refrigerant. In order to avoid excessive internal pressure in the liquid storage cabinet group, a pressure relief valve can also be set on the return liquid pipeline 1-3, and the internal pressure can be reduced by the pressure relief valve to promote the smooth flow of the refrigerant.

[0080] Furthermore, the present application also discloses a refrigerant control method for the above energy storage cabinet group, which comprises the following steps:

[0081] The liquid storage cooling assembly drives the refrigerant to flow into the energy storage box through the liquid inlet pipeline according to the preset flow rate and evenly distributes it to the battery group. After the refrigerant dissipates the heat of the battery group, it gathers at the bottom of the energy storage box. The refrigerant at the bottom of the energy storage box flows back to the liquid storage cooling assembly through the liquid return pipeline;

[0082] Then, the liquid level data of the first liquid accumulation chamber and the second liquid accumulation chamber in the energy storage tank are collected by a liquid level meter;

[0083] When the liquid level of the first liquid accumulation chamber is lower than the first liquid level threshold, the liquid inlet flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the liquid inlet pipeline into the energy storage tank is increased to ensure that the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation chamber covers the burst valve 204;

[0084] When the liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber is higher than the second liquid level threshold, the return flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the return liquid pipeline is increased, which can ensure that only a small amount of refrigerant is retained in the box body 1, thereby reducing the amount of liquid used.

[0085] The above is only a preferred implementation of the present application. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present application. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. An energy storage box with integrated cooling and fire protection, characterized in that: It includes a box body and a battery assembly arranged inside the box body. The battery assembly includes forward-placed battery cells, each of which is provided with an enclosure on the top, and a first liquid accumulation cavity covering the bursting valve and the tab is formed inside the enclosure; the enclosure is used to accumulate the refrigerant in the first liquid accumulation cavity, dissipate heat and seal the bursting valve and the tab of the battery cell; An accommodating gap is provided between adjacent battery cells, and a heat dissipation channel is provided in the accommodating gap, and the heat dissipation channel adopts a first guide bar and a second guide bar which are arranged alternately at intervals, wherein one end of the first guide bar close to the top of the battery cell is connected to each other, and one end of the second guide bar close to the bottom of the battery cell is connected to each other, and the other ends of the first guide bar and the second guide bar are arranged alternately, and the heat dissipation channel is formed by enclosing the first guide bar and the second guide bar; the heat dissipation channel includes a channel inlet, a channel outlet and at least one liquid accumulation channel, the channel inlet is located at the edge of the top of the battery cell, the channel outlet is located at the side edge or the bottom of the battery cell, the liquid accumulation channel accumulates part of the refrigerant, the liquid accumulation channel is close to the side surface of the battery cell, at least one of the liquid accumulation channel is connected between the channel inlet and the channel outlet, the refrigerant flows into the liquid accumulation channel through the channel inlet, and the refrigerant overflowing from the liquid accumulation channel flows out from the channel outlet, wherein the refrigerant located in the liquid accumulation channel directly cools down the side surface of the battery cell; A shunt liquid inlet device is provided at the top of the box body corresponding to the battery grouping position, and the shunt liquid inlet device is provided with a plurality of refrigerant outlets. The shunt liquid inlet device includes a liquid inlet manifold and at least one shunt branch pipe. A shunt branch pipe is provided at the upper position of each battery group, and a refrigerant outlet is provided at the position of each battery cell corresponding to the shunt branch pipe. The shunt branch pipe is connected to the same liquid inlet manifold; the refrigerant is distributed above the battery cell through the refrigerant outlet of the shunt liquid inlet device; and a first liquid inlet is provided at the top of the box body, one end of the first liquid inlet is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the first liquid inlet extends into the box body and is connected to the shunt liquid inlet device; A second liquid accumulation cavity is provided at the bottom of the box body, and the bottom part of the battery cell is immersed in the second liquid accumulation cavity; a liquid outlet connected to an external liquid return pipeline is provided at the bottom of the box body, and the lower edge height of the liquid outlet is higher than or equal to the liquid level height of the second liquid accumulation cavity.

2. The energy storage box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure surrounds the edge of the top of the battery cell, and the first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure covers the entire top surface of the battery cell, and the first liquid accumulation cavity is connected to the flow channel inlet of the heat dissipation flow channel.

3. The energy storage box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure is arranged at the middle position of the top of the battery cell, and the enclosure is arranged around the minimum edges of the bursting valve and the pole lug respectively. The first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure only covers the bursting valve and the pole lug.

4. The energy storage box according to claim 1, characterized in that: The enclosure surrounds the top edge of the battery assembly, and the first liquid accumulation cavity formed by the enclosure covers the entire top surface of the battery assembly.

5. The energy storage box according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: A first partition is also provided in the accommodating gap, and the heat dissipation channel is located between the first partition and the side surface of the battery core.

6. The energy storage box according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first partition is provided between adjacent battery cells, and the top edge of the first partition located between adjacent battery cells extends upward to form an extension portion, and the extension portion and the enclosure at the top position of each battery cell together form a first liquid accumulation chamber unit, which covers the top surface of a single battery cell.

7. The energy storage box according to claim 1, characterized in that: A second liquid inlet is provided on the top of the box body, one end of the second liquid inlet is connected to an external liquid inlet pipeline, and the other end of the second liquid inlet extends into the box body and is connected to a fire-fighting liquid inlet device.

8. An energy storage cabinet group, characterized in that: The energy storage box comprises an energy storage box, a liquid inlet pipeline, a liquid return pipeline, a liquid storage cooling assembly and an energy storage cabinet as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 above, wherein the energy storage box, the liquid inlet pipeline, the liquid return pipeline and the liquid storage cooling assembly are all installed in the energy storage cabinet, wherein a plurality of the energy storage boxes are stacked, and the energy storage boxes and the liquid storage cooling assembly are connected through the liquid inlet pipeline and the liquid return pipeline to form a cooling circulation loop.

9. A refrigerant control method for the energy storage cabinet group according to claim 8, characterized in that: The steps include: The liquid storage cooling assembly drives the refrigerant to flow into the energy storage box through the liquid inlet pipeline according to the preset flow rate and evenly distributes the liquid to the battery group. The refrigerant dissipates the heat of the battery group and gathers at the bottom of the energy storage box. The refrigerant at the bottom of the energy storage box flows back to the liquid storage cooling assembly through the liquid return pipeline; Collecting liquid level data of the first liquid accumulation chamber and the second liquid accumulation chamber in the energy storage box; When the liquid level of the first liquid accumulation chamber is lower than the first liquid level threshold, the liquid inlet flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the liquid inlet pipeline into the energy storage tank is increased; When the liquid level of the second liquid accumulation chamber is higher than the second liquid level threshold, the return flow rate of the refrigerant flowing through the return liquid pipeline is increased.

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