Apparatus for delay compensation of power conversion device

Abstract

The invention relates to an apparatus for delay compensation of a power conversion device. In at least one embodiment, a system is provided. The system includes a first bridge circuit, at least one transformer, a second bridge circuit, and at least one controller. The first bridge circuit includes a first plurality of switches that receive a first voltage and provide a second voltage. The transformer provides a third voltage based on the second voltage. The second bridge circuit includes a second plurality of switches that provide a fourth voltage. The controller is programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme. The predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on a number of turns of the transformer that minimizes a delay during selective activation of the first plurality of switches and the second plurality of switches.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects disclosed herein generally relate to apparatus for delay compensation of a power conversion device. These and other aspects are discussed in greater detail herein. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] Figure 1 An apparatus for delay compensation of a power conversion device according to one embodiment is described;

[0004] Figure 2 depicts an envelope signal used by at least an apparatus to selectively activate / deactivate a first plurality of switches on a high voltage side;

[0005] Figure 3 depicts an envelope signal used by at least a device to selectively activate / deactivate a second plurality of switches on the low voltage side;

[0006] Figure 4 is a graph illustrating rise delay and fall delay attributable to a first plurality of switches and a second plurality of switches of a device according to one embodiment; and

[0007] Figure 5 A method for providing delay compensation for a power conversion device according to one embodiment is described. Detailed description

[0009] As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the present invention, which may be embodied in various forms and alternatives. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to illustrate details of particular components. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to implement the present invention in various ways.

[0010] Reference will now be made in detail to the embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various embodiments described. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various embodiments described may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, processes, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring aspects of the embodiments.

[0011] It should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary and that various alternative forms are possible. The drawings are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to illustrate details of particular components. Therefore, the specific structural and functional details disclosed herein should not be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching those skilled in the art to variously implement the embodiments according to the present disclosure.

[0012] “One or more” and / or “at least one” includes functions performed by one element, functions performed by more than one element in a distributed manner, several functions performed by one element, several functions performed by several elements, or any combination of the above.

[0013] It should also be understood that although in some cases, the terms first, second, etc. are used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are simply used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first contact can be referred to as a second contact, and similarly, a second contact can be referred to as a first contact without departing from the scope of the various embodiments described. The first contact and the second contact are both contacts, but they are not the same contact.

[0014] The terms used in the description of the various embodiments described herein are only used for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to also include the plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the words "and / or" as used herein refer to and encompass any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should be further understood that when used in this specification, the words "includes", "including", "comprises", and / or "comprising" specify the presence of the features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, and / or parts, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, wholes, steps, operations, elements, parts, and / or groups thereof.

[0015] As used herein, the word “if” is alternatively interpreted to mean “when…” or “upon…” or “in response to determining…” or “in response to detecting…”, as the context requires. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [the condition or event] is detected” is alternatively interpreted to mean “upon determining…” or “in response to determining…” or “upon detecting [the condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the condition or event]”, as the context requires.

[0016] Aspects disclosed herein generally relate to an apparatus for delay compensation of a power conversion device. In one example, the power conversion device is an on-board charger (OBC) including a direct current (DC) / DC converter. In one example, the DC / DC converter is a dual active bridge (DAB)-based DC / DC converter. The DC / DC converter converts a DC input voltage into a DC output voltage. In one operating mode, the DC / DC converter is a step-up DC / DC converter that converts a DC input voltage with a DC input current into a higher DC output voltage with a lower DC output current. Conversely, in another operating mode, the DC / DC converter is a step-down DC / DC converter that converts a DC input voltage with a DC input current into a lower DC output voltage with a higher DC output current.

[0017] Typically, a DC / DC converter consists of a set of input power switches, a transformer, and a set of output power switches. The input power switches are controlled to convert the DC input voltage into an AC input voltage. The transformer converts the AC input voltage into an AC output voltage with a different voltage level. The output power switches are controlled to rectify the AC output voltage into a DC output voltage.

[0018] As an example, a DC / DC converter as provided herein can be configured to provide the following DC input / output pairs: 400-12; 48-12; 400-48; and 800-12. Thus, for example, a 400V-12V DC / DC converter can convert a 400V DC input into a 12V DC output. Thus, a 400V-12V DC / DC converter is used, for example, between a 400V DC network and a 12V DC network, thereby connecting the two voltage networks together. Of course, the DC / DC converter can be used in multiple voltage ranges. For example, a 400V-12V DC / DC converter can be used to convert a DC input voltage falling within a voltage range of 250V-470V DC into a DC output voltage of 12V DC output voltage.

[0019] A vehicle may have a high voltage (HV) network and a low voltage (LV) network. In this case, a DC / DC converter may be used to connect the HV network and the LV network together. Therefore, the high DC input voltage of the HV network may be converted by the DC / DC converter into a low DC output voltage for use by a load connected to the LV network. Conversely, assuming that the DC / DC converter is bidirectional, the low DC input voltage of the LV network may be converted by the DC / DC converter into a high DC output voltage for use by a load connected to the HV network. Switches including DAB-based DC / DC converters typically operate at a switching frequency inversely proportional to the amount of power delivered by the DC / DC converter. In switching devices, there is inherently a delay between the time when these devices receive a switch command (or signal) and the time when the switching device is actuated or activated. Typically, attempts to minimize the implementation of this delay require increased component costs. The aspects disclosed herein generally minimize the delay attributable to the switching device while providing efficiency improvements in low power transfer scenarios. In addition, the disclosed aspects provide a cost trade-off for power switches. Furthermore, the disclosed aspects provide implementations applied in various H-bridge structures such as DC / DC converters and monolithic OBCs, for example.

[0020] Figure 1 An apparatus 100 is depicted for providing delay compensation for a power conversion device 102 according to one embodiment. In one example, the illustrated apparatus 100 is a synchronous buck-boost DC / DC converter that transfers energy back and forth between a high-voltage side and a low-voltage side. In one example, the power conversion device 102 transfers energy to a vehicle 106. In one example, the illustrated apparatus 100 is a synchronous buck-boost DC / DC converter implemented as part of an OBC 102.

[0021] The DC / DC converter 100 generally includes a first bridge circuit 120 having a first plurality of switches 122a-122d (e.g., metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) or other suitable variations thereof) located on a high voltage side 124 of the vehicle 106. The DC / DC converter 100 also includes a second bridge circuit 124 having a second plurality of switches 250a-250d (e.g., metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) or other suitable variations thereof) located on a low voltage (LV) side 132 of the vehicle 106. Also shown is a transformer 140 having a primary side (e.g., a primary winding) 142 and a second side 144 (e.g., a secondary winding). The transformer 140 generally has n turns of coil that provide the voltage induced by the transformer 140. The first plurality of switches 122a-122d are coupled to the primary side 142 of the transformer 140. The first plurality of switches 122a-122d is implemented as a dual active bridge (DAB) circuit, for example. The second plurality of switches 250a-250b is coupled to the secondary side 144 of the transformer 140. At least one controller 150 (hereinafter referred to as "controller 150") is provided that selectively activates and / or deactivates any one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and the second plurality of switches 250a-250d.

[0022] Typically, the DC / DC converter 100 enables a bidirectional flow of energy. For example, the DC / DC converter 100 operates as a buck converter in a first mode to transfer energy from a high-voltage battery to a low-voltage battery. The controller 150 selectively activates / deactivates one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d to generate a first DC-based signal having an HV value (e.g., a first DC-based pulse having a modulated (PWM) signal). The transformer 140 steps down the first DC-based signal to a low voltage. The controller 150 selectively activates / deactivates one or more of the second plurality of switches to reduce the voltage output provided from the transformer 140, thereby increasing the current. The switches 122a-122d reduce the HV before the HV is received at the transformer 140.

[0023] In boost mode (or the DC / DC converter 100 operates as a boost converter), the low voltage battery provides a low voltage DC signal to the second plurality of switches 250a-250d. The controller 150 selectively activates / deactivates the second plurality of switches 250a-250d to increase the low voltage DC signal (e.g., as a PWM-based DC signal) and then provides it to the transformer 140. The transformer 140 boosts the output to provide a boosted DC output signal. The controller 150 selectively activates / deactivates the first plurality of switches 122a-122d to modify the boosted DC output signal into a high voltage output signal (or V HV ) and provides the high voltage output signal to the high voltage battery.

[0024] like Figure 1 As shown, a first node 170 is formed at the input terminal of the DC / DC converter 100 to receive a high voltage input (V HV ). The first node 170 generally includes a high side (or positive rail, shown as "+") and a low side (or negative rail, shown as "-"). Switches 122a and 122b are coupled to the high side of the first node 170 and are generally defined as high voltage-high side switches. Switches 122c and 122d are coupled to the low side of the first node 170 and are generally defined as high voltage-low side switches. A second node 172 is formed at the output of the DC / DC converter 100 to provide a low voltage output (V LV ). The second node 172 generally includes a high side (or positive rail, shown as "+") and a low side (or negative rail, shown as "-"). Switches 250a and 250b are coupled to the high side of the second node 172 and are generally defined as low voltage-high side switches. Switches 250c and 250d are coupled to the low side of the node 172 and are generally defined as high voltage-low side switches.

[0025] Typically, there is a delay between the time when the controller 150 sends a command to activate / deactivate any one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and any one or more of the second plurality of switches 250a-250d and the time when one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and any one or more of the second plurality of switches 250a-250d are actually activated / deactivated. The controller 150 may employ a predetermined modulation scheme that selectively activates one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and the second plurality of switches 250a-250d to minimize the delay in selectively activating one or more of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and one or more of the second plurality of switches 250a-250d.

[0026] For example, the controller 150 may control the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and the second plurality of switches 250a-250d based on a predetermined modulation scheme based on the following equation:

[0027] t1=t2*α (Equation 1)

[0028] and α = Vhv / nVlv (Equation 2)

[0029] V HV Typically corresponds to a high voltage present at the first node 170, V LV Typically corresponds to the low voltage present at the second node 172, and n corresponds to the number of turns of the transformer 140. Equation 1, shown above, can be rewritten as follows:

[0030] t1=(t2+(LV ls上升延迟 -LV hs上升延迟 ))*α+(HV hs下降延迟 -HV ls下降延迟 )) (Equation 3)

[0031] LV hs上升延迟 (or first rise time delay) generally corresponds to the first time period when switch 250a or 250b (e.g., high-side-low voltage switch (or switches 250c and 250d positioned on the positive rail)) is activated by controller 150 to generate a low output voltage (V LV ) at least a portion of.

[0032] LV ls上升延迟 (or second rise time delay) generally corresponds to a second time period when switch 250c or 250d (e.g., a low-side-low voltage switch (or switches 250c and 250d positioned on the negative rail)) is activated by controller 150 to generate a low output voltage (V LV ). In one example, the first rise time delay and the second rise time delay are each approximately 75 ns. This delay is typically attributed to driver delays associated with switches 250a-250d.

[0033] HV hs下降延迟 (or first fall time delay) generally corresponds to a first time period when switch 122a or 122b (e.g., a high-side - high-voltage switch (or switch 122a or 122b positioned on the positive rail)) is activated by controller 150 to reduce the high output voltage (V HV ). In one example, the first fall time delay is approximately 100 ns. This delay may also be attributable to a driver delay of the switch 122a or 122b.

[0034] HV ls下降延迟(or second fall time delay) generally corresponds to a second time period when switch 122c or 122d (e.g., a low-side-high voltage switch (or switch 122a or 122b positioned on the positive rail)) is activated by controller 150 to reduce the high output voltage (V HV ). The second fall time delay may be in the range of 220ns-330ns. In this case, the delay may vary based on the final power output provided by the OBC 102 (e.g., 800W-1600W). In one example, when the OBC 103 provides a power output up to 800W, the delay may be 220ns. The controller 180 activates the switches 122a-122d and 250a-250d based on at least the first envelope control signal (e.g., Ref_H+), the second envelope control signal (e.g., Ref_H-), the third envelope control signal (e.g., Ref_L), and also based on the corresponding values ​​of t1 and t2 (e.g., see equations 1-3 disclosed above). For example, these aspects are generally combined with the above description of the switches 122a-122d. Figure 2 200, and in conjunction with switches 250a-250d Figure 3 This is shown at 260. One example of how controller 180 activates switches 122a-122d and 250a-250d is described in International Publication No. WO 2020 / 163857 (or PCT / US2020 / 017468) filed on February 10, 2020 (the '468 application), which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0035] If combined Figure 2 As shown generally at 202, various outputs 210a-210d (e.g., triggers) generated by the controller 180 based at least on one or more of the first envelope signal, the second envelope signal, and the third envelope signal, as well as t1 (or T1) and t2 (or T2) (as shown at 200) are provided to the switches 122a-122d on the primary side of the DC / DC converter 100 to selectively control the switches 122a-122d. It is recognized that t1 and t2 are now based on equations 1-3 as disclosed above to at least minimize the switching delays attributable to the switches 122a-122d. Similarly, as shown in conjunction with Figure 3As generally shown at 204, various outputs 230a-230d (e.g., triggers) generated by the controller 180 based at least on one or more of the first, second, and third envelope signals and t1 and t2 (as shown at 260) are provided to switches 250a-250d on the secondary side of the DC / DC converter 100 to selectively control the switches 250a-250d. It is recognized that t1 and t2 are now based on equations 1-3 as disclosed above to at least minimize the switching delays of the switches 250a-250d.

[0036] Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the rise delay (eg, LV) attributable to the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and the second plurality of switches 250a-250d of the apparatus 100, according to one embodiment. hs上升延迟 (or first rise time delay) and LV ls上升延迟 (or second rise time delay)) and fall delay (eg, HV hs下降延迟 (or first fall time delay) and HV ls下降延迟 (or second fall time delay). Typically, during the second fall time delay, the parasitic diodes ( Figure 1 ) conducts reverse current until the energy is discharged, then switches 122c and 122d (eg, low-side switches) turn off and the corresponding voltage can be allowed to “rise” to V HV or -V HV .

[0037] Figure 5 A method 300 for providing delay compensation for a power conversion device 102 is depicted according to one embodiment.

[0038] In operation 302, a first voltage (eg, V HV ), and provides a second voltage (e.g., Vp) based on at least the first voltage. In operation 304, a third voltage (e.g., Vs) is provided based on the second voltage by at least one transformer 140. In operation 306, a fourth voltage (e.g., Vs) is provided based on the third voltage by the second bridge circuit 124 (e.g., the second plurality of switches 250a-250d). LV ).

[0039] In operation 306, at least one of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d is selectively activated by the controller 150 based on a predetermined modulation scheme to provide a second voltage (e.g., Vp), and at least one of the second plurality of switches 250a-250d is selectively activated to provide a fourth voltage (e.g., V LV). Controller 150 employs a predetermined modulation scheme to minimize delays when selectively activating at least one of the first plurality of switches 122a-122d and at least one of the second plurality of switches 250a-250d. The predetermined modulation scheme is based on at least the number of turns of transformer 140. Controller 150 implements the predetermined modulation scheme using equations 1-3 as described above.

[0040] Item 1: In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system comprising a first bridge circuit, at least one transformer, a second bridge circuit, and at least one controller. The first bridge circuit comprises a first plurality of switches that receive a first voltage and provide a second voltage based at least on the first voltage. The at least one transformer provides a third voltage based on the second voltage. The at least one transformer provides the third voltage based on the second voltage. The second bridge circuit comprises a second plurality of switches that provide a fourth voltage based at least on the third voltage. The at least one controller is programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated. The predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on the number of turns of the transformer and minimizes delay during the selective activation of at least one of the first plurality of switches and at least one of the second plurality of switches.

[0041] Item 2: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides the system according to item 1, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is further based on at least a ratio of the first voltage to the fourth voltage.

[0042] Item 3: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system according to Item 1, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a first rise time delay corresponding to a first time period when a first switch of the second plurality of switches is activated to generate a first portion of a fourth voltage.

[0043] Item 4: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system according to Item 3, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a second rise time delay corresponding to a second time period when a second switch of the second plurality of switches is activated to generate a second portion of the fourth voltage.

[0044] Item 5: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system according to Item 4, wherein the at least one controller is further programmed to subtract a first rise time delay associated with a first switch in the second plurality of switches from a second rise time delay associated with a second switch in the second plurality of switches, the at least one controller generating a first time value in response to subtracting the first rise time delay from the second rise time delay.

[0045] Item 6: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides the system according to item 5, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is based on at least a product of the first predetermined value and at least the number of turns of the transformer.

[0046] Item 7: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides Item 1, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is further based on at least a first fall time delay corresponding to a first time period when a first switch of the first plurality of switches is activated to drop a first portion of the first voltage to a first predetermined voltage.

[0047] Item 8: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides Item 7, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is further based on at least a second fall time delay corresponding to a second time period when a second switch of the first plurality of switches is activated to drop a second portion of the first voltage to a second predetermined voltage.

[0048] Item 9: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides Item 8, wherein at least one controller is further programmed to subtract a first fall time delay associated with a first switch of the first plurality of switches from a second fall time delay associated with a second switch, and at least one controller is further programmed to generate a first time value in response to subtracting the first fall time delay from the second fall time delay, the first time value forming at least a portion of a predetermined modulation scheme.

[0049] Item 10: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 1, wherein the first voltage is greater than the fourth voltage.

[0050] Item 11: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 10, wherein the second voltage is greater than the third voltage.

[0051] Item 12: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 1, wherein the first voltage is less than the fourth voltage.

[0052] Item 13: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 12, wherein the second voltage is less than the third voltage.

[0053] Item 14: In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system comprising a first plurality of switches, at least one transformer, a second plurality of switches, and at least one controller. The first plurality of switches receives a first voltage and provides a second voltage based on at least the first voltage. At least one transformer provides a third voltage based on the second voltage. The at least one transformer provides the third voltage based on the second voltage. The second plurality of switches provides a fourth voltage based on at least the third voltage. The at least one controller is programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated. The predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on the number of turns of the transformer, and the predetermined modulation scheme minimizes delay during the selective activation of at least one of the first plurality of switches and at least one of the second plurality of switches.

[0054] Item 15: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 14, wherein the first voltage is greater than the fourth voltage.

[0055] Item 16: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 15, wherein the second voltage is greater than the third voltage.

[0056] Item 17: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 14, wherein the first voltage is less than the fourth voltage.

[0057] Item 18: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 17, wherein the second voltage is less than the third voltage.

[0058] Item 19: In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides a system comprising a first bridge circuit, at least one transformer, a second bridge circuit, and at least one controller. The first bridge circuit comprises a first plurality of switches that receive a first voltage and provide a second voltage based at least on the first voltage. At least one transformer that provides a third voltage based on the second voltage. The at least one transformer that provides the third voltage based on the second voltage. The second bridge circuit comprises a second plurality of switches that provide a fourth voltage based at least on the third voltage. The at least one controller is programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated. The predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on one or more of the number of turns of the transformer and the ratio of the first voltage to the fourth voltage.

[0059] Item 20: In another embodiment, the present disclosure provides item 19, wherein the first voltage is greater than the fourth voltage.

[0060] Although exemplary embodiments have been described above, this does not mean that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the present invention. Rather, the terms used in this specification are descriptive rather than restrictive, and it should be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the features of various implementation embodiments may be combined to form additional embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system comprising: a first bridge circuit, the first bridge circuit comprising a first plurality of switches, the first plurality of switches receiving a first voltage and providing a second voltage based at least on the first voltage; at least one transformer providing a third voltage based on the second voltage; a second bridge circuit, the second bridge circuit comprising a second plurality of switches, the second plurality of switches providing a fourth voltage based at least on the third voltage; as well as and at least one controller programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on a number of turns of the at least one transformer, the predetermined modulation scheme minimizing a delay during the selective activation of the at least one of the first plurality of switches and the at least one of the second plurality of switches.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a ratio of the first voltage to the fourth voltage.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a first rise time delay corresponding to a first time period when a first switch of the second plurality of switches is activated to generate a first portion of the fourth voltage.

4. The system according to claim 3, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a second rise time delay corresponding to a second time period when a second switch of the second plurality of switches is activated to generate a second portion of the fourth voltage.

5. The system according to claim 4, wherein: The at least one controller is also programmed to subtract the first rise time delay associated with a first switch in the second plurality of switches from the second rise time delay associated with a second switch in the second plurality of switches, the at least one controller generating a first time value in response to subtracting the first rise time delay from the second rise time delay.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is based on at least a product of a first predetermined value and at least a number of turns of the at least one transformer.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a first falling time delay corresponding to a first time period when a first switch of the first plurality of switches is activated to drop a first portion of the first voltage to a first predetermined voltage.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The predetermined modulation scheme is also based on at least a second falling time delay corresponding to a second time period when a second switch of the first plurality of switches is activated to drop a second portion of the first voltage to a second predetermined voltage.

9. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The at least one controller is also programmed to subtract a first fall time delay associated with the first switch of the first plurality of switches from a second fall time delay associated with the second switch, and the at least one controller is also programmed to generate a first time value in response to subtracting the first fall time delay from the second fall time delay, the first time value forming at least a portion of the predetermined modulation scheme.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The first voltage is greater than the fourth voltage.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein: The second voltage is greater than the third voltage.

12. The system of claim 1, wherein: The first voltage is lower than the fourth voltage.

13. The system according to claim 12, wherein: The second voltage is lower than the third voltage.

14. A system comprising: a first plurality of switches that receive a first voltage and provide a second voltage based at least on the first voltage; at least one transformer providing a third voltage based on the second voltage; a second plurality of switches providing a fourth voltage based at least on the third voltage; as well as and at least one controller programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is based at least on a number of turns of the at least one transformer, the predetermined modulation scheme minimizing a delay during the selective activation of the at least one of the first plurality of switches and the at least one of the second plurality of switches.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein: The first voltage is greater than the fourth voltage.

16. The system of claim 15, wherein: The second voltage is greater than the third voltage.

17. The system of claim 14, wherein: The first voltage is lower than the fourth voltage.

18. The system of claim 17, wherein: The second voltage is lower than the third voltage.

19. A system comprising: a first bridge circuit, the first bridge circuit comprising a first plurality of switches, the first plurality of switches receiving a first voltage and providing a second voltage based at least on the first voltage; at least one transformer providing a third voltage based on the second voltage; a second bridge circuit, the second bridge circuit comprising a second plurality of switches, the second plurality of switches providing a fourth voltage based at least on the third voltage; as well as at least one controller programmed to selectively activate at least one of the first plurality of switches and selectively activate at least one of the second plurality of switches based on a predetermined modulation scheme, the at least one of the first plurality of switches providing the second voltage when activated and the at least one of the second plurality of switches providing the fourth voltage when activated, the predetermined modulation scheme minimizing a delay during the selective activation of the at least one of the first plurality of switches and the at least one of the second plurality of switches, wherein the predetermined modulation scheme is based on at least one or more of: the number of turns of the at least one transformer; and A ratio of the first voltage to the fourth voltage.

20. The system of claim 19, wherein: The first voltage is different from the fourth voltage.

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