Device for quickly replacing battery of municipal road electric vehicle

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for quickly changing the battery of a municipal road electric vehicle, driven by at least one drawable battery (5) mounted in the housing (6) of the chassis (1), accessible through a safety hatch (7), and comprising at least one fixed internal battery holder receiver (8) consisting of a horizontal sheet metal forming a base (9), the invention relates to a mobile handling truck (20) comprising a fixed internal battery holder-receiver (8) sized corresponding to the size of the housing (6) receiving it, at least one vehicle-independent external battery holder receiver (21) mounted on the mobile handling truck (20) and cooperating with the fixed internal battery holder-receiver (8).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a device for quickly replacing batteries for urban electric road vehicles. Background Art

[0002] The invention relates to a device for quickly replacing a power supply battery of an electric vehicle on urban roads (such as a city sweeper or a dust removal or cleaning vehicle).

[0003] The invention relates to a device for quickly replacing a power supply battery of an electric vehicle on urban roads (such as a city sweeper or a dust removal or cleaning vehicle).

[0004] These vehicles consist essentially of an articulated or non-articulated chassis with at least two axles to which cleaning devices such as brushes, suction devices, containers for catching the suction residues, an optional sufficient water reservoir and a control station can be attached.

[0005] Until recent times, vehicles were powered by thermal engines, with low-capacity batteries used to control accessories used for on-road duties.

[0006] Electric vehicles have been proposed for environmental protection and cost-effectiveness considerations.

[0007] These vehicles consist of one or more large-sized fixed battery packs that are permanently installed on the vehicle and ensure the electrification of the vehicle on the one hand and the operation of the various on-board tools on the other.

[0008] If these batteries provide the vehicle with a certain autonomy, sufficient in any case to carry out the tasks assigned to them, they have the disadvantage of size, since they are permanently embedded in the vehicle and therefore require regular recharging times, with the result that the vehicle is immobilized and thus unable to carry out the tasks assigned to it.

[0009] On the other hand, the nature of the work that road vehicles have to perform is diverse. Each type of task corresponds to the required battery power, so if the battery power is to be able to meet all needs, electric vehicles need to be superimposed. The extra weight of the on-board battery leads to excessive power consumption, which increases the price of the car and reduces energy efficiency.

[0010] This also requires the provision of charging stations adapted to the vehicles. To ensure charging, a fleet of several vehicles is required, where appropriate, so that one vehicle can be used while the others are in the charging phase.

[0011] It may therefore be advantageous to have a method of quickly storing discharged batteries and replacing them with pre-charged ones, minimizing vehicle downtime and adapting the power required by fitting a battery or several batteries of different powers, but adapted to the work to be performed, while avoiding adding weight to the vehicle.

[0012] Various modes of proposing rapid battery changers are known.

[0013] Thus, document GB2255755 describes a vehicle in which a battery support is fixed to the main chassis by a pair of cranks and a pair of connecting rods parallel to the cranks, and a pair of hydraulic cylinders are provided to rotate the cranks about their pivotal connection with the main frame. The battery is fixed to the battery support by a coupling pin, which is also the rod of the hydraulic cylinder. When changing the battery, the battery support is lowered to the ground, and when moving, the battery support is kept at the same height as the vehicle chassis.

[0014] The main disadvantage of this known mode is the permanent mounting of the battery changer on the vehicle chassis, which creates difficulties in operating safety and makes the vehicle heavier.

[0015] Document US7004710 describes a hydraulic battery changer for pulling and pushing batteries in a conventional electric vehicle, the changer having a height-adjustable leg connected to a chassis for raising and lowering the chassis, and a roller rotatably connected to the frame to receive the battery.

[0016] The solution proposed here is not very practical, because even if the replacement device is independent of the vehicle chassis, it is not movable, so the vehicle must adjust its position according to the position of the replacement bracket, and not vice versa.

[0017] U.S. Patent No. 5,530,307 is the closest prior art known to the applicant and describes a device for quickly changing batteries of urban electric road vehicles, the device comprising a chassis on which a box, a cab and tools are mounted, the vehicle and tools being powered by at least one removable battery, the battery comprising an electrical connection socket that engages with another electrical connection socket on a chassis connection block, mounted in a housing of the chassis and safely accessible through a door, the device comprising at least one fixed battery internal receiver / receiver (consisting of a metal horizontal plate forming a base, the dimensions of which correspond to the housing intended to receive it), at least one external battery support receiver independent of the vehicle, mounted on a mobile transport vehicle, cooperating with the fixed internal battery receiver. Summary of the invention

[0018] In order to overcome the above disadvantages, the present invention proposes a device that can quickly remove a discharged battery and replace it with a pre-charged battery.

[0019] The invention is characterized in that, on the one hand, it comprises means for translating a removable battery on a vehicle chassis, which are designed to cooperate with a translation device fixedly mounted on said chassis.

[0020] More specifically, according to the invention, the device comprises at least one internal battery receiver / receiver fixed to the vehicle and at least one external battery receiver / receiver independent of the vehicle, removably mounted on a mobile transport carriage, cooperating with the fixed battery receiver and allowing one or more batteries to be inserted or removed from their housings, depending on the number of units installed on the vehicle. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The present invention may be better understood with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a three-quarter bottom view of a road vehicle showing the handling dolly during the chassis approach phase.

[0023] Figure 2 Shows [ Figure 1 ]]A vehicle in which a carriage is arranged along the battery housing to tow one of the batteries.

[0024] Figure 3 The carriage is shown picking up a second battery that is located above the first battery.

[0025] Figure 4 The carriage is shown removed from the vehicle to transport the two batteries removed from their respective housings.

[0026] Figure 5 It is a three-quarter rear bottom view showing an industrial truck.

[0027] Figure 6 Can be seen leaning from the front of an industrial truck,

[0028] Figure 7 is a view of the first configuration of the external battery receiver-receiver,

[0029] Figure 8 is a view of the second configuration of the external battery receiver-receiver,

[0030] Fig. 9 This is a three-quarter bottom view of the battery receiver bracket inside the vacuum.

[0031] Fig.10 Here is the internal battery receiver - a three-quarter bottom view of the receiver with the two batteries installed.

[0032] Fig.11 is with [ Fig.10 ] represents the corresponding front view.

[0033] Fig.12 is with [ Fig.11 ] shows the corresponding side view. The battery is shown being extracted.

[0034] Fig.13 is an external battery receiver with battery installed - bottom view of the receiver showing the sealed electrical connections to the battery.

[0035] Fig.14 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing the means for ensuring the sealing of the electrical connections. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Referring to the accompanying drawings, a road vehicle battery replacement device is used for a conventional road vehicle, which includes an articulated or non-articulated chassis (1), a box (2) mounted on the chassis, a cab (3) at the front, an operator in the cab, who is responsible for controlling the vehicle and performing road cleaning operations, and a cleaning tool (4), such as a brush as shown in the figure, can be placed under the cab.

[0037] These elements are known per se and will not be described in detail.

[0038] The vehicle and the tool for performing road work are powered by at least one battery (5) which is arranged in at least one housing (6) on the chassis (1) and can be withdrawn.

[0039] The battery (5) is accessible through a safety door (7) on the vehicle body, which leads to a housing (6) to which the battery (5) is attached, the housing (6) itself being mounted on mutually independent internal brackets / receivers (8), each bracket / receiver (8) including guides and locking / unlocking means to allow the battery (5) to be inserted or removed and to secure its position.

[0040] In a known manner, the battery (5) comprises a peripheral reinforcement package consisting of an aluminum profile in order to enable the battery to be handled without excessively increasing its weight.

[0041] The internal support-receiver (8) will be described in detail later. Fig. 9 and 10 shown.

[0042] Advantageously, the door (7) is associated with a circuit breaker device which ensures the safety of the vehicle's electrical system and cuts off the entire power supply when the door (7) is opened and maintained in an open position towards the chassis.

[0043] The removal and insertion of the vehicle battery (5) is carried out by moving the carriage (20), the top of which includes an external receiver / receiver (21) for the battery, which cooperates with the internal receiving bracket (8) of the housing (6) and includes guiding and centering devices (26, 27) at the front, which cooperate to ensure perfect alignment with the chassis and the housing (6) receiving the internal bracket-receiver (8).

[0044] The carriage (20) is movable and comprises at least two rear wheels (22a) and two front wheels (22b) at its lower part. The front wheels are designed and arranged to cooperate with the centering and guiding devices (26, 27).

[0045] The front portion of the carriage refers to the portion of the carriage that is connected to the vehicle chassis at the battery (5) housing (6). The term "top" of the carriage should be understood as the upper plate of the carriage located in a horizontal plane.

[0046] In order to manually move the carriage (20) forwards or backwards on the wheels (22a, 22b) in order to access the vehicle chassis (1) and the battery (5) housing (6) respectively, it is necessary to provide an operating handle (25), which handle itself is conventional and will not be described further in the remaining description.

[0047] The battery removal operation performed by the dolly according to the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] exist Figure 1 In the figure, it can be seen that the industrial truck (20) is aligned with the housing of the internal receiver (8) in the chassis (1) of the road vehicle.

[0049] In the example shown in the figure, two superimposed layers of the housing (6) are provided, referred to as the "lower layer" and the "upper layer", each layer accommodating two batteries (5) arranged side by side, i.e. a total of four batteries. However, other configurations may also be provided without departing from the scope of the invention, such as a single layer or only one battery per layer.

[0050] The centering and guiding device of the carriage (20) comprises a centering device (26) and a viewer (27) at the front, which are used to cooperate with the front wheel (22b) to align the carriage on the vehicle, and can also cooperate with the rear wheel (22a) to ensure the displacement of the carriage.

[0051] The viewer (27) itself is conventional and rectangular in shape, extending upwardly from the bottom of the carriage (20) and including a planar extension at its free end, at [ Figure 6], is intended to abut against the chassis, thereby indicating to the operator (who moves the slide from the other side by means of the handle (25)) that the slide cannot go any further. The dimensions of the viewer (27) are such that when its planar extension is in contact with the chassis, the position of the slide (20) is ideal for removing the battery.

[0052] The "leading edge" of the carriage refers to the front end portion of the carriage, which is located opposite the end connected to the operating handle (25) (called the rear end portion).

[0053] like Figure 5 and 6 As shown, the centering device (26) is a U-shaped metal plate component, which is located in the middle part of the front edge of the slide (20), and the flat bottom of the U-shaped metal plate is on the same horizontal plane as the front edge.

[0054] The battery (5) is then slid from the inner receiver to the outer bracket receiver (21) of the carriage (20).

[0055] The sliding is performed manually by means of a handle (15) fixed to each battery. Fig.11 shown.

[0056] After removing one or more batteries (5), the operator returns to the carriage (20) and disconnects it from the chassis (1). The door (7) can be closed to isolate and protect the battery housing (6).

[0057] The plate of the transport carriage (20) equipped with the external receiver / receiver (21) can be moved in a vertical plane between two end positions, one being a so-called low position, in which the plate is close to the ground, and the other being a so-called high position, in which the plate is remounted by mechanical means which, since they are known, are not described here.

[0058] The bracket (20) can be lowered or reassembled in a vertical plane at different heights between the two end positions, which makes it possible to load multiple batteries in the same operation, which are installed in internal supports / receivers (8) that overlap each other and are therefore not on the same level, as in the example shown in the figure.

[0059] exist Figure 1 In the embodiment of the present invention, the outer receiver / receiver (21) of the carriage (20) is in a rest position, that is to say, completely folded towards the ground at the end of the stroke.

[0060] exist Figure 2 In the figure, it can be seen that the outer bracket receiver (21) of the slide (20) has been reinstalled into a position so that it can be placed at the level of the housing (6) of the first inner bracket receiver (8) in the lower layer of the chassis to pick up the first battery (5) seen during the extraction process in the figure.

[0061] exist Figure 3 In the figure, it can be seen that the carriage (20) remains connected to the vehicle chassis (1), but its outer receiver (21) has been raised to align with the housing (6) of the inner bracket-receiver (8) located on the upper part of the vehicle chassis.

[0062] Also visible here is a battery (5) being extracted and slid from its inner receiver / receiver (8) onto the outer receiver / receiver (21) to remove it.

[0063] The number of batteries and the order of disassembly do not affect the implementation of the present invention. Figure 2 and 3 The samples shown are not necessarily produced sequentially at the same time.

[0064] Once the battery (5) is extracted and slid onto the outer receiver / receiver (21) of the carriage (20), the carriage is unhooked from the chassis (1).

[0065] exist Figure 4 In the figure, two batteries (5) can be seen, which are removed and placed on the external receiver / receiver (21) of the slide (20) and can be transported to the charging station or storage station like on a pallet truck.

[0066] In the same way, one or more batteries have been loaded and, where appropriate, placed on a second, identical handling trolley for replacement, which is then again placed against the vehicle chassis (1) to insert the loaded new battery (5) into its corresponding internal holder-receiver (8) according to the same operating mode described above, but this time in the opposite direction.

[0067] Figure 5 A transport trolley (20) is shown, on which an external receiver / receiver (21) can be seen, as well as the operational safety ensured by automatic power cut-off, in particular the centering device (26) and the viewer (27).

[0068] Figure 6 is with [ Figure 5 ] is a view of the carriage (20) corresponding to the view of FIG. 1 , but this time from the front, with the rear slightly tilted so that the bottom of the carriage can be seen.

[0069] It can be seen that the front wheels (22b) that enable the rear wheels (22a) to move the carriage manually are arranged in the housing (24) at the middle and lower part of the end of the carriage, corresponding to the lower wall of the plane base of the U-shaped centering device (26).

[0070] More precisely, each of the two front wheels (22b) is inside its housing (24), meshing on a longitudinal axis (23) connecting the two side walls of said housing, and comprises a spring (28) on either side of said wheel.

[0071] Each wheel (22b) can therefore move horizontally along its axis (23) along a path defined by the side walls of its housing (24), this displacement being controlled and damped by a spring (28).

[0072] This approach allows for automatic lateral adjustment of the centering of the carriage (20) on the vehicle chassis without having to restart the alignment process.

[0073] like Figures 1 to 5 As shown, the function of the external receiver / receiver (21) is to receive the battery (5) after the empty battery (5) is translated from the internal bracket / receiver (8) or before the battery is loaded. It is composed of at least one receiving rack (29), and the width and length dimensions of the receiving rack (29) are determined so as to be able to receive at least one battery (5).

[0074] The receiving frame (29) consists of a sheet metal section with holes in its bottom to reduce the weight of the carriage when in use, and its longer sides are folded to form guide rails (30).

[0075] In the example shown in the figures, two receiving racks ( 29 ) arranged side by side are shown, which form the outer receiver / receiver ( 21 ).

[0076] As mentioned above, the external receiver / receiver (21) itself is mounted on a base (31) with wheels (22a, 22b) so as to be moved by a handle (25).

[0077] In the two shortest sides opposite the vehicle chassis (1), the receiving frame (29) includes a part forming a stop (32) perpendicular to the guide rail (30) to ensure that the battery (5) is locked to the rear after removal or before insertion.

[0078] The term "rear part" is to be understood as the part of the receiving frame opposite the outer shell (6) of the vehicle chassis (1).

[0079] The purpose of this is to prevent the battery from sliding when the slide (20) moves after it is placed on the receiving rack (29) of the external receiver / receiver (21).

[0080] On the other hand, the opposite short side is open since it must be placed at the level of the internal bracket receiver (8) in order to insert or remove the battery (5), respectively.

[0081] In order to prevent the battery (5) from slipping out of the receiving rack (29) of the external receiver / receiver (21) after sampling or before insertion, the front end of the receiving rack is provided with locking claws (33) on both sides of its opening to prevent the battery from moving ([ Figure 6 ]). The clamp (33) is of a known type and consists, for example, of a horizontal rod that can be retracted by a spring.

[0082] When the removal of the battery (5) is complete, the battery (5) is placed on the transport cart (20), and a replacement battery is in place where appropriate, the operator moves the transport cart (20) away.

[0083] Advantageously, the external battery holder receiver (21) independent of the vehicle can be detached from the mobile carriage (20), so that the characteristics of the holder can be adjusted according to the batteries to be processed.

[0084] therefore, Figure 7 and 8 is a detailed view showing the internal support-receiver (8) according to two possible modes of use.

[0085] The battery (5) is guided during movement to and from the external receiver / receiver (21) by wheels (34), which can be mounted on the bottom wall or, preferably, the side wall of the receiving frame (29).

[0086] Figure 7 A first variant embodiment of an external receiver / receiver (21) for batteries is shown, in which guide wheels (34) are arranged along the inner side wall of each guide rail (30) to engage with a corresponding guide rail (13) mounted on the battery (5) in a manner similar to that described above for sliding the battery on the external support / receiver (8).

[0087] The first variant is particularly suitable for handling large and / or heavy batteries.

[0088] As described below, the provision of lateral guide wheels can reinforce the bracket that receives the battery.

[0089] Figure 8 A second variant embodiment of the external receiver / receiver (21) is shown, particularly suitable for handling batteries of small size and / or weight.

[0090] In this alternative arrangement, inserts (35) containing small wheels (34) are provided at the bottom of the shelf (29) along the rails (30) to allow and facilitate movement of the batteries (5).

[0091] Fig. 9 Shown is the vacuum internal receiver / receiver (8) without the battery inserted.

[0092] The internal bracket receiver (8) consists of a horizontal metal plate forming a base (9) whose dimensions correspond to the dimensions of the housing (6) for receiving the internal bracket-receiver (8).

[0093] The base (9) is divided into two equal parts along its longitudinal axis by a guide member or central guide (10) perpendicular to the base plane and equidistant from two equally perpendicular side guides (11) forming the longitudinal peripheral edges of the base (9).

[0094] The central guide (10) and the side guides (11) of the base (9) constitute the guiding and translation means of the battery (5).

[0095] To this end, the inner wall of each guide (10, 11) comprises a series of guide wheels (12) adapted to engage correspondingly with guide rails (13) mounted on the battery (5).

[0096] The term "inner wall" should be understood as a wall that is not connected to the outside of the base.

[0097] like Fig.11 As shown, the guide rail (13) is located above the caster (12).

[0098] The guide rail (13) is transversely fixed to the aluminum profile that wraps the battery by screws.

[0099] The guide rail (13) is made of high-strength steel so that it surrounds the entire battery.

[0100] This approach is particularly advantageous because it reinforces the aluminum profiles that make up the battery housing, thus providing optimal protection for the battery during laying and placement.

[0101] The guides (10, 11) define two positions on a horizontal plane, allowing the two batteries to be positioned independently.

[0102] An internal bracket receiver (8) is permanently mounted within a housing (6) formed on the vehicle chassis (1) to receive the battery (5) and connect and separately position it to the vehicle's electrical system.

[0103] Internal Receiver The receiver (8) is mounted in a corresponding housing (6) and each battery includes a connector (37) intended to engage a corresponding electrical connection socket (14') located in a connection block (14) at the bottom of each housing (6).

[0104] Fig.10 Shown is an internal receiver / receiver (8) with two batteries (5) placed side by side, connected to a connection block (14).

[0105] Fig.13 and14 The electrical connections to the battery are shown, along with methods for ensuring the connections are airtight.

[0106] The connection between the connector (37) of the battery (5) and the electrical connection socket (14') of the connection block (14) must be very precise to prevent wear and ensure proper operation.

[0107] In order to compensate for dimensional deviations arising during the manufacturing process, the socket (14') is fixed in a floating manner and a guide device (not shown) is provided to enable it to automatically adjust according to the position of the connector (37) of the battery (5).

[0108] An external seal is also provided to isolate the power distribution circuitry behind the connector (37).

[0109] The connection socket (14') is covered by a housing (39) made of elastic material, and the assembly can be fixed between a fixing plate (38) of a battery (5) connector (37) and a reversibly adjustable fixing plate (40) without clamping.

[0110] Each battery intended to be connected to the vehicle electrical system has a handle (15) on the opposite wall, which allows each battery (5) to be easily removed or respectively inserted when it is translated on the internal receiver (8).

[0111] Advantageously, it is possible to provide on each connection socket (14') of the vehicle protection valve (16) a means for hiding said connection socket (14') when the internal receiver-receiver (8) is not received or when they are removed.

[0112] During the insertion of the battery, the protection valve (16) is automatically opened by a lever (17) located at the outer edge of each side guide (11), along the part of the guide facing the side of the connection block (14), so as to release the connection socket (14'). Fig.12 shown.

[0113] The lever (17) is spring loaded between two positions, called "low" and "high", and is connected to the valve (16).

[0114] The lever (17) can be driven between these two positions when the battery (5) is moved on the inner receiver (8).

[0115] More precisely, the high position corresponds to a rest position in which the lever (17) does not exert any pressure on the valve (16) connected thereto, so that the latter remains in the closed position.

[0116] When the battery (5) is inserted and pressure is applied to the lever (17) by sliding it on the internal receiver (8), the lever (17) descends and causes a corresponding descent of the protection valve (16), thereby releasing the passage of the connection socket (14'), and when the battery (5) reaches the end of its travel at the end of the internal receiver (8), it is possible to connect the battery (5) to the vehicle's electrical system.

[0117] Once the battery (5) is mounted on the internal receiver (8) and connected to the electrical connection block (14), its locking is achieved by an inclined hook (18) one end of which is hinged around the axis of the receiver - the end of the receiver (8) opposite to the connection block (14).

[0118] In the open position, i.e. without the battery, the hook (18) is in a low position. After the battery (5) is inserted, the hook (18) is simply moved upwards and the hook engages with a tenon (19) on the outer wall of each battery (5), the tenon being located below the handle (15).

[0119] The sensor (36) can control the locking to be effective.

[0120] List of digital reference symbols

[0121] 1. Framework

[0122] 2. Box

[0123] 3. Cab

[0124] 4. Tools

[0125] 5. Battery

[0126] 6. Battery housing

[0127] 7. Security door

[0128] 8. Internal receiver

[0129] 9. Support base

[0130] 10. Center guide

[0131] 11. Side guides

[0132] 12. Guide casters

[0133] 13. Guide Rail

[0134] 14. Connecting blocks

[0135] 14'. Electrical connection socket

[0136] 15. Battery carrying handle

[0137] 16. Protection valve

[0138] 17. Leverage

[0139] 18. Locking hook

[0140] 19. Tenon

[0141] 20. Moving Truck

[0142] 21. External bracket

[0143] 22a. Rear wheel

[0144] 22b.Front wheel

[0145] 23.Front axle

[0146] 24. Wheel cover

[0147] 25. Truck carrying handle

[0148] 26.Truck centering device

[0149] 27. Observer

[0150] 28. Spring

[0151] 29. Receiving rack

[0152] 30. Guide rail

[0153] 31. Base

[0154] 32. Toe piece

[0155] 33. Locking splint

[0156] 34. Guide casters

[0157] 35. Roller Insert

[0158] 36. Sensors

[0159] 37.Battery connector

[0160] 38.Front fixing plate

[0161] 39.Sealed housing

[0162] 40. Back panel

Claims

1. A device for quickly replacing batteries in an electric vehicle for urban roads, the device comprising a chassis (1) on which is mounted a box (2), a cab (3) and a tool (4), the vehicle and the tool being powered by at least one removable battery (5), the battery comprising a connector (37) designed to engage with an electrical connection socket (14') on a chassis connection block (14), the battery (5) being enclosed in an aluminum profile and mounted in a housing (6) of the chassis (1), accessible through a safety door (7), and comprising at least one fixed internal battery holder receiver (8), the receiver consisting of a horizontal metal plate forming a base (9) whose dimensions correspond to those of the housing (6) for receiving the battery, at least one external battery holder receiver (21) independent of the vehicle, mounted on a mobile handling cart (20) and cooperating with the fixed internal battery receiver receiver (8), characterized in that, The base (9) of the internal battery receiver / receiver (8) is divided into two equal parts along its longitudinal axis by a central guide (10) perpendicular to the plane of the base, and the distance between two equally perpendicular side guides (11) forming the longitudinal peripheral edges of the base (9) is equal. The inner side wall of each guide (10, 11) includes a series of guide wheels (12) for engaging with guide rails (13) fixed laterally to an aluminum profile that surrounds the battery (5) and the guide rails (13) are located above the castors (12).

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The connection socket (14') is covered by a housing (39) made of elastic material, and the assembly can be fixed without clamping between a connection plate (38) connected to a battery (5) connector (37) and a reversibly adjustable connection plate (40).

3. The device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The vehicle-independent external battery holder-receiver (21) is detachable from the mobile carriage (20).

4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The door (7) is associated with a circuit breaker device which ensures the safety of the vehicle's electrical system and cuts off the entire power supply when the door (7) is opened and maintained in the open position.

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The external battery holder-receiver (21) independent of the vehicle comprises guiding and centering devices (26, 27) at the front, which cooperate with each other to ensure perfect alignment with the chassis (1) and the housing (6) receiving the battery (5).

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The lower part of the carriage (20) comprises at least two rear wheels (22a) and two front wheels (22b), and the design and arrangement of the front wheels are coordinated with the centering and guiding devices (26, 27).

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that The device for guiding and centering the carriage (20) comprises a centering device (26) and a viewer (27) at the front, which cooperate with the front wheel (22b) to align the carriage with the vehicle, and also cooperate with the rear wheel (22a) to ensure the movement of the carriage.

8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The plate of the transport carriage (20) carrying the external receiver / receivers (21) is movable at different heights in a vertical plane between two position ends.

9. The device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that The front wheels (22b) that allow the rear wheels (22a) to be manually moved by the carriage are arranged in the housing (24) in the lower middle part of the carriage end, corresponding to the lower wall of the plane base of the U-shaped centering device (26), and each of the two front wheels (22b) is in its housing (24) and is engaged on the longitudinal axis (23) connecting the two side walls of the housing.

10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that The device comprises a protection valve (16) which conceals the connection socket (14') when the internal receiver-receiver (8) does not receive any battery or the battery is removed.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that The opening of the protection valve (16) is controlled by a lever (17) located at the outer edge of each side guide (11), along the part of the guide facing the side of the connection block (14).

12. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that Once the battery (5) is mounted on the internal receiver / receiver (8) and connected to the electrical connection block (14), its locking is achieved by an inclined hook (18) one end of which is hinged around the axis of the end of the receiver / receiver (8) opposite to the connection block (14).

13. The device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The external receiver / receiver (21) for receiving the battery (5) comprises at least one receiving frame (29) whose width and length dimensions are determined to receive at least one battery (5).

14. The device according to claim 13, characterized in that The receiving frame (29) consists of a sheet metal section with holes in its bottom to reduce the weight of the carriage when in use, and its longer sides are folded to form guide rails (30).

15. The device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that The battery (5) is guided during movement to and from the external receiver / receiver (21) by wheels (34), which can be mounted on the side walls or on the bottom wall of the receiving frame (29).

16. The device according to claim 15, characterized in that Guide wheels (34) are arranged along the inner wall of each guide rail (30) to engage with a corresponding guide rail (13) mounted on the battery (5).

17. The device according to claim 16, characterized in that At the bottom of the rack (29), inserts (35) containing castors are mounted along rails (30) to facilitate movement of the battery (5).

Images