Access control device, access control system, door part having an access control device, and method for opening a door

Abstract

The invention relates to an access control device (1) for a door (21) of a vehicle, in particular for a door (21) of an aircraft (3), comprising:-an actuating element (4) capable of entering a release state (6) from a blocking state (5), and vice versa; a power supply interface (7) via which the access control device (1) can be supplied with power; -a control unit (8) designed to perform open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element (4); a near field communication interface (9) designed to read out the digital access authorization and to transmit the digital access authorization to the control unit (8); wherein-the control unit (8) is designed to perform an open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element (4) depending on the validity of the digital access authorization; and wherein the power supply interface (7) is designed to connect the portable energy store (10) without the use of a tool.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to an access control device having the features described in the preamble of claim 1, an access control system having the features described in the preamble of claim 11, a door part having the features described in the preamble of claim 12, and a method having the features described in the preamble of claim 15.

[0002] In order to prevent unauthorized access to restricted areas, an access control system is generally provided on a door or baffle designed to physically prevent access. Such an access control system may, for example, be formed by a locking mechanism that can be operated by a traditional physical key.

[0003] As is known, in order to simplify the management of access authorizations, electronic access control systems are used, in which a digital key is stored, for example, on an access authorization card and then read by a card reader of the access control device. If the digital key grants access rights, then, for example, a door can be opened after it has been unlocked.

[0004] Such an electronic access control system is known, for example, from US 2003 / 0006879 A1. It discloses a door control system which allows the use of wirelessly readable access authorization cards to open and close doors. However, a disadvantage of this solution is that the access authorization card alone is sufficient to give the user access to the controlled access area. Therefore, there is a security risk if the access authorization card is lost.

[0005] Particularly in the aviation industry, access restrictions play a central role in terms of security. In the area of ​​VIP aircraft, it is particularly necessary to prevent unauthorized access to the aircraft. When such VIP aircraft are parked on the tarmac overnight, ensuring the security of the aircraft's cabin and cargo hold is of vital importance to the owners of these machines.

[0006] Therefore, a centrally controlled system for monitoring and locking aircraft doors is known in US 2011 / 0273269 A1. However, the disadvantage of this solution is that it must be integrated into the system architecture of the aircraft, so that retrofitting the aircraft with this solution can only be successful with considerable effort.

[0007] The object of the present application is to provide an improved access control device for a door of a vehicle, in particular an aircraft, as well as a corresponding access control system, a corresponding door part and a corresponding method.

[0008] Said object is achieved by the features of the independent claim. Further preferred embodiments of the invention can be found in the dependent claims, the drawings and the associated description.

[0009] According to a first aspect of the invention, the object is achieved by an access control device for a door of a vehicle, in particular an aircraft. The device comprises: an actuating element, which can enter a released state from a blocking state and can be changed from a released state to a blocking state; a power supply interface, through which the access control device can be powered; a control unit, which is designed to perform open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element; a near-field communication interface, which is designed to read out a digital access authorization and transmit the digital access authorization to the control unit; wherein the control unit is designed to perform open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element depending on the validity of the digital access authorization, wherein the power supply interface is designed to connect a portable energy storage device without using tools.

[0010] First, some terms used in this application are defined.

[0011] For the purpose of this application, no tool connection means that the user can connect the portable energy storage device with bare hands. However, this does not mean that the power supply interface must be exposed. It can be protected from the external environment (such as dust and / or moisture) by a protective device, for example, as long as the protective device can be removed by bare hands.

[0012] Within the meaning of this application, a valid digital access authorization is understood to be an authorization that can be stored digitally, for example in the form of a code or a data record, which authorizes a user to actuate an actuating element of the access control device.

[0013] A power supply interface within the meaning of the present application may be a contact-based interface, in which the power supply is supplied via conductive contact points. The contact points are part of the power supply interface. Furthermore, the power supply interface may also be designed so that the power supply is contactless, for example in the form of an induction loop. In this case, the induction loop is part of the power supply interface.

[0014] The ease of use of the power supply interface allows the user to conveniently connect a portable energy storage device to the power supply interface. This means that the access control device is only powered when needed; a so-called "power on demand" solution is created. Powering with the help of the proposed power supply interface provides the advantage that the access control device does not have to be connected to the power grid. When the access control device is used in a vehicle, the power supply of the access control device can be isolated from the onboard power grid. This is particularly advantageous when used on an aircraft, because connecting additional facilities or accessories to the onboard power grid may not only be technically complex, but also must be approved in accordance with aviation law. In addition, the power supply interface can eliminate the need for internal batteries or accumulators in the access control device, thereby reducing the maintenance workload.

[0015] The power supply interface is preferably designed to transmit sufficient power so that the actuating element can be actuated solely by power supplied by the power supply interface. Preferably, the power supply interface is designed to transmit power provided by the portable energy storage device in the form of 2 to 10 volts direct current, for example 4 to 6 volts direct current, particularly preferably in the form of 5 volts direct current.

[0016] The near field communication interface is a preferred interface that works based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. The digital access authorization is stored, for example, on the authorization unit, preferably in the form of an access authorization card. If the authorization unit is subsequently brought close to the near field communication interface (for example, at a distance of less than 10 cm), the access authorization stored on the card can be read out via the near field communication interface and transmitted by it to the control unit.

[0017] Preferably, the actuating element comprises an actuator, a latch or another element that can be moved by the actuator to different switching positions. The latch or other element can, for example, be mounted in a movable, pivotable and / or rotatable state so that the latch or other element can be changed between different switching positions. Depending on the switching position, the actuating element is now in, for example, a blocking state or a released state.

[0018] Preferably, the control unit is designed to verify the validity of the access authorization transmitted via the near field communication interface, wherein the control unit is designed to generate a control signal when the digital access authorization has been verified as valid by the control unit and the power supply interface is powered by a portable energy storage device. The control signal generated in this way causes the actuating element to enter a (for example) released state. However, the control signal can also cause the actuating element to enter a (for example) blocked state. Therefore, by the proposed solution, it is possible to (for example) lock and unlock the door, or (for example) allow or prevent the actuation of the door handle. The power supply via the power supply interface as one of the conditions for switching the actuating element to the released state or the blocked state can improve security compared to solutions that only operate under digital access authorization. In order to actuate the actuating element, the user not only needs the access authorization, but also a suitable portable energy storage device. This realizes a two-factor authentication. Further, by designing the power supply interface so that no commercially available energy storage device can be connected to it, security can be even further improved.

[0019] According to a further preferred embodiment, in order to make the power supply interface accessible without the use of tools, it is proposed that the access control device comprises a housing forming an internal space, wherein at least the control unit is arranged in the internal space, wherein the power supply interface is arranged on the outside of the housing away from the internal space. The housing can consist of (for example) one housing part or a plurality of housing parts. In addition, the housing can also interact with components of a door, a door frame and / or a door lock on which the access control device is installed; in this case, the internal space is likely to be formed only by the installation of the housing with the other components. In addition to the control unit, other components of the access control device can also be arranged in the internal space, but the decisive factor is that the power supply interface should be arranged on the outside, and the near-field communication interface is preferably also arranged on the outside. This ensures the ease of use of the interface for the user.

[0020] Preferably, the inner space formed by the housing is tightly sealed from the surrounding environment, for example, by a seal. In a multi-part housing structure, a seal can be arranged, for example, between two housing parts and / or between a housing part and an adjacent component (for example a door handle).

[0021] According to a further preferred embodiment, in order to make the power supply interface accessible without the use of tools, it is proposed that both the power supply interface and the near field communication interface are arranged as part of a common operating interface. By arranging both the near field communication interface and the power supply interface on a common operating interface, the convenience of operation is further improved. The interfaces are preferably arranged on or at the operating interface, locally directly adjacent to each other, so that the portable authorization unit and the portable energy storage device can be connected to the respective interfaces even with one hand.

[0022] According to another preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the power supply interface includes a retaining element, which is designed to retain the portable energy storage device on the power supply interface (for example, by means of magnetic force) so that the portable energy storage device supplies power to the power supply interface. The retaining device can initially be used to temporarily maintain the portable energy storage device in a state of being connected to the power supply interface, so that the user only needs to consider positioning the portable authorization unit close to the near-field communication interface to more conveniently actuate the actuating element. The positioning of the portable authorization unit close to the near-field communication interface mentioned below means that the distance between the two components is less than 10 cm. In order to enable the portable energy storage device to be retained on the power supply interface (for example, by means of magnetic force), the interface may include a permanent magnet.

[0023] Preferably, the power supply interface has a recess into which the portable energy storage device can be inserted. The recess allows the portable energy storage device to be reliably mounted and positioned when connected to the power supply interface. Preferably, the recess is designed to correspond in shape to the outer contour of the portable energy storage device. In addition, it has been found in practice that it is advantageous to combine the recess with a retaining element.

[0024] Preferably, the power supply interface and / or the near-field communication interface are respectively identified to the user by at least one visual device. This identification enables the user to assign the portable energy storage device and / or the portable authorization unit directly to the correct interface. In principle, it is sufficient to identify one of the interfaces with an appropriate visual device, since this also enables the assignment of the other interface according to the principle of exclusion. However, practice has shown that it is advantageous to equip both the near-field communication interface and the power supply interface with visual devices for convenience. Preferably, one or more of the visual devices can also be designed to be self-luminous, for example, by means of a fluorescent component of the visual device. This ensures that the power supply interface and the near-field communication interface can be easily located even in dark ambient conditions.

[0025] According to another preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the power supply interface includes an additional near-field communication interface, which is designed to read out an additional digital access authorization and transmit the additional digital access authorization to the control unit. Only when the following three conditions are met can the corresponding control signal be generated to cause the actuating element to enter a released state or a blocked state. First, the power supply interface is powered by a portable energy storage device. Secondly, the digital access authorization read through the near-field communication interface is valid. Third, the additional digital access authorization read through the additional near-field communication interface is also valid. By connecting the portable energy storage device to the power supply interface, the additional digital access authorization can also be read out at the same time, and the additional digital access authorization is retrievably stored in the memory of the portable energy storage device for the additional near-field communication interface. As a prerequisite for the actuation of the actuating element, this realizes three-factor identity authentication.

[0026] Preferably, the actuating element can be switched bistable or monostable. If the actuating element can be switched monostable, the stable state is the blocking state. If the actuating element can be switched bistable, the release state and the blocking state each form a stable state. In the case where the actuating element can be switched bistable, if the same conditions exist as when the control signal is generated, this control signal causes the actuating element to switch to the release state, the actuating element will enter the blocking state again from the release state.

[0027] According to another preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the actuating element can be switched in a monostable state, wherein a capacitor for temporarily supplying power to the actuating element is provided so that when the power supply interface is not supplied with power, the actuating element can remain in an unstable state for a predetermined period of time. The actuating element preferably comprises an actuator (e.g. in the form of a switching magnet), which moves the latch under the force of a spring when subjected to a corresponding voltage. When the latch moves under the force of the spring, the actuating element is in a released state. When the corresponding voltage is removed, if the latch moves backward under the force of the spring, the actuating element is in a blocked state. Preferably, the capacitance of the capacitor should be sufficient to store enough electricity to switch the actuating element to the released state in a time period of 2 seconds to 20 seconds (more preferably 5 seconds to 15 seconds, particularly preferably 10 seconds). If the user switches the actuating element to the released state using a portable energy storage device and a portable authorization unit, he usually does not open the door immediately, but first removes the portable energy storage device and the portable authorization unit from the interface. In the absence of power at the power supply interface, the actuating element immediately returns to the blocking state due to its monostable nature. The capacitor prevents this state from switching back for a sufficiently long period of time to allow the user to open the door. In principle, however, a battery or accumulator could also be used to implement the capacitor's function.

[0028] Preferably, the access control device comprises a data interface for updating the valid access authorization. For example, if the portable authorization unit is lost, the digital access authorization stored therein can be deleted or deactivated on the control unit of the access control device, and a new access authorization can be activated or added instead. The data interface can be a wired interface, for example based on the USB standard, or a wireless data interface, for example based on the Bluetooth standard.

[0029] Preferably, the access control device comprises a visual and / or sound indication device, which indicates to the user whether the portable energy storage device is correctly connected to the power supply interface and / or whether the access authorization read out by the near field communication interface is valid or invalid and / or whether the authorization unit can be removed from the near field communication interface again. The visual indication device may be composed of at least one LED, and the sound indication device may be composed of at least one speaker.

[0030] Preferably, the access control device comprises an override unit, with which the actuating element can be physically overwritten independently of the control signal of the control unit.

[0031] According to a second aspect of the present application, the purpose stated at the beginning is achieved by an access control system for a door of a vehicle (in particular an aircraft), wherein the access control system comprises: an access control device as described above; a portable authorization unit on which a digital access authorization for a near-field communication interface of the access control device is retrievably stored; and a portable energy storage device designed to supply power to the access control device via a power supply interface.

[0032] Preferably, the portable authorisation unit is a transponder. Further preferably, it is a passive transponder. An authorisation unit the size of a check card has proven useful.

[0033] Preferably, the portable energy storage device comprises a battery or a rechargeable accumulator with a DC voltage of 2 to 20 V, for example 4 to 6 V, particularly preferably 5 V. The capacity of the battery or accumulator is at least 1000 mAh, but preferably several thousand mAh.

[0034] As for the technical effects and advantages of the access control system, please refer to the previous description of the access control device.

[0035] According to a third aspect of the present application, in order to achieve the above object, a door part (especially a door part of a vehicle) is proposed, comprising a door, a door frame and a door lock, wherein the door lock is designed to lock the door in a closed position in the door frame, wherein an access control device as described above is arranged, wherein an actuating element interacts with the door lock, so that when the actuating element is in a released state, the locking of the door is released or can be released. Accordingly, if the actuating element is in a blocked state, the closed door cannot be opened. In this way, the door can be safely locked and unlocked.

[0036] For example, power supply interfaces and near field communication interfaces can be provided on both the inside and outside of the door part. In this way, the access control device can be operated from the inside and the outside. In this case, the actuating element is preferably capable of being bistable switched so that it can also be conveniently locked from the inside. For example, if the user wants to lock himself inside a VIP aircraft for safety reasons, the door can be closed, the portable energy storage device and the portable authorization unit can be connected to the corresponding interfaces, the actuating element is placed in a blocking state, and the door is locked. Due to the bistable characteristics of the actuating element, it remains in a blocking state even after the portable energy storage device (and the portable authorization unit) is removed. If the user wants to leave the aircraft, he can reconnect the portable energy storage device and the portable authorization unit to the corresponding interfaces, the actuating element is placed in a released state, and the cabin door can then be opened again.

[0037] According to a preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the door lock comprises a door handle, with which the door is locked or released in the door frame depending on the position of the door handle, wherein the actuating element is designed to prevent the door handle from being actuated in the blocked state, and wherein the actuating element is designed to allow the door handle to be actuated in the released state. This interaction between the actuating element and the door lock means that the access control device can be easily retrofitted.

[0038] According to another preferred embodiment, it is proposed that the door handle comprises a baffle that can be pivoted about a pivot axis, wherein the door handle can be placed in a position to unlock the door only when the baffle is pivotable, wherein the actuating element allows the baffle to pivot in the released state; and wherein the actuating element prevents the baffle from pivoting in the blocked state. For example, by operating the baffle, a gripping edge can be released for the user, which the user must grasp in order to actuate the door handle. Such door handles with baffles are well known in aircraft construction. For example, such door handles are used on aircraft cabin doors manufactured by Airbus. The interaction of the actuating element with the baffle enables the door handle to be indirectly blocked. In this way, an effective retrofit solution can be provided for aircraft manufactured by Airbus. In principle, such a door handle can be mounted on passenger entrance doors, service doors and cargo doors of Airbus aircraft; therefore, these doors can also be retrofitted with the described solution.

[0039] According to a fourth aspect of the present application, in order to achieve the above object, a method for opening a closed and locked door of the above door portion is proposed, the method comprising the following method steps:

[0040] a) Connect the portable energy storage device to the power supply interface; then

[0041] b) connecting the portable authorization unit to the near field communication interface for signal transmission; and

[0042] c) Open the door.

[0043] Regarding the technical effects and advantages associated with the method, reference is made to the previous description regarding the access control device and the door section.

[0044] The present invention will be described below according to preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the accompanying drawings:

[0045] Figure 1 An access control system is shown;

[0046] Figure 2 An access control device on a door handle is shown;

[0047] Figure 3 A door handle is shown;

[0048] Figure 4An exploded view of an access control device on a door handle is shown;

[0049] Figure 5 shows a detailed view of a door handle with an access control device;

[0050] Figure 6 shows a schematic diagram of the wiring of the access control device;

[0051] Figure 7 The door handle of an aircraft cargo door is shown;

[0052] Figure 8 A cross-sectional view of a door handle and an actuating element is shown;

[0053] Fig. 9 An aircraft having a door section is shown; and

[0054] Fig.10 A schematic diagram is shown of a method for opening a locked aircraft door.

[0055] Figure 1 An access control system 100 is shown, which includes an access control device 1, a portable energy storage device 10, and a portable authorization unit 20. Because, for example, the actuating element 4 is not shown, Figure 1 The access control device 1 is not shown in its entirety. However, other components of the access control device 1 will be referred to in detail. Figure 5 and Figure 6 This is explained below.

[0056] The access control device 1 comprises a first housing part 29 and a second housing part 30 (see also Figure 4 ), the two housing parts together form the housing 11. Both the power supply interface 7 and the near field communication interface 9 are provided on the outer side 12 of the housing 11. The housing 11 has a substantially flat operation interface 13 on the outer side 12, the operation interface including both the power supply interface 7 and the near field communication interface 9. Therefore, the two interfaces 7 and 9 are arranged adjacent to each other without being separated by the edge or other elements of the housing 11. This allows the user to easily access both the interface 7 and the interface 9.

[0057] The power supply interface 7 includes a cylindrical recess 15, which is designed to correspond in shape to the outer contour of the portable energy storage device 10. In this way, the portable energy storage device 10 can be held in place by the wall 33 formed by the recess 15 in the inserted state (i.e., when the portable energy storage device 10 is connected to the power supply interface 7). The power supply interface 7 includes two conductive contacts 31 arranged coaxially with each other, and the two conductive contacts 31 are designed to be connected to the corresponding conductive contacts 32 of the portable energy storage device 10. In addition, the power supply interface 7 includes a retaining element 14 in the form of a permanent magnet. The retaining element 14 is arranged in the wall 33 of the recess 15. In addition, the portable energy storage device 10 also includes a retaining element 34 in the form of a permanent magnet, so that the two retaining elements 33 and 34 interact in a way that the portable energy storage device 10 can be fixed to the power supply interface 7 under the action of magnetic force. In this state, the access control device 1 can be powered by the electrical contacts 31 and the electrical contacts 32 contacting each other.

[0058] The portable energy storage device 10 includes a battery or a rechargeable storage battery (not shown) having a DC voltage of 10 V and a capacity of several thousand mAh.

[0059] The near field communication interface 7 is designed to read the digital access authorization from the portable authorization unit 20 and to transmit the digital access authorization to the control unit 8 (see Figure 5 and Figure 6 ). The near field communication interface 9 operates on the basis of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. Therefore, the portable authorization unit 20 comprises a passive transponder on which the digital access authorization is retrievably stored. As shown in the figure, the external dimensions of the portable authorization unit 20 are the size of a check card. As long as the portable authorization unit 20 is brought close to the near field communication interface 9 (i.e., within a distance of less than 10 cm from the near field communication interface 9), the digital access authorization can be read by the near field communication interface 9 and transmitted to the control unit 8 (see Figure 5 and Figure 6 ).

[0060] In order to enable the user to see the positions at which the near field communication interface 9 and the power supply interface 7 are arranged, the operating interface 13 comprises a plurality of visual devices 16, 17 and 18. The visual device 16 marks the power supply interface 7 and can be identified by, for example, the abbreviation of "Power" - the name "PWR". The further visual device 17 comprises a symbol marking a wireless interface. The visual device 18 indicates a frame intended to allow the user to correctly position the portable authorization unit 20 relative to the near field communication interface 9. In this case, the visual device 18 is formed by fluorescent printing, so that the user can perceive the visual device 18 even under poor lighting conditions. In principle, the other visual devices 16 and 17 can also be formed by fluorescent printing.

[0061] The operating principle of the access control system 100 is as follows: To supply power to the access control device 1, the portable energy storage device 10 is placed in the recess 15 of the power supply interface 7. The portable authorization unit 20 is then held at the near field communication interface 9. If the digital access authorization stored in the portable authorization unit 20 is valid, the actuating element 4 (see Figure 5 and Figure 8 ) is actuated so that the door 21 (see Fig. 9 ) can be locked or unlocked.

[0062] To further increase security, the power supply interface 7 can include an additional near field communication interface 19, which is designed to read an additional digital access authorization from an additional access authorization unit 39, which is part of the portable energy storage device 10. By connecting the portable energy storage device 10 to the power supply interface 7, the additional digital access authorization from the additional authorization unit 39 (which can be formed by an NFC tag, for example) can be automatically read by the additional near field communication interface 19, without the need to place the portable energy storage device 10 in an additional location provided for this purpose. However, the additional near field communication interface 19 is not necessarily provided.

[0063] In order to provide the user with feedback as to whether the digital access authorization stored on the portable authorization unit 20 and the additional authorization unit 39 is valid, a first indicator device 37 and a second indicator device 38 are provided. For example, if a portable authorization unit 20 with an invalid access authorization is raised to the near field communication interface 9, the first indicator device 37 lights up, for example, the first indicator device 37 can include the text field "FAULT". However, if a portable authorization unit 20 with a valid access authorization is raised to the near field communication interface 9, and the additional access authorization is also valid, the second indicator device 38 lights up, for example, the second indicator device 38 can include the text field "REMOVE"; thereby, the user recognizes that his access authorization has been successfully checked and confirmed to be valid, and the user can remove the authorization unit 20 and the portable energy storage device 10 from the interface 7 and the interface 9, and finally open the door 21 (see Fig. 9 ). The indicating device 37 and the indicating device 38 are illuminated by LEDs.

[0064] The open-loop or closed-loop control of the actuating element 4 by the control unit 8 based on the valid access authorization is described in detail below. An electrical interface 35 for controlling and supplying power to the actuating element 4 is provided on the housing, which is not shown in this figure. In addition, a data interface 36 is provided on the housing 11 in the form of a USB interface, so that the control unit 8 can be updated when necessary. For example, invalid access authorizations can be deleted or deactivated, and valid access authorizations can be saved or activated.

[0065] The portable energy storage device 10 and the portable authorization unit 20 are connected to each other by means of a rope 27 and a ring 28, so that the user can carry them conveniently. It goes without saying that the design of the authorization unit 20 and / or the energy storage device 10 can be adjusted according to the user's wishes; this involves both the surface design and the choice of materials.

[0066] Refer to the following Figures 2 to 6 The use of an access control device 1 on a door handle 24 of a door 21 of a passenger entrance of an aircraft manufactured by the company Airbus is described.

[0067] Figure 2 A door handle 24 is shown on which the access control device 1 is fixedly mounted. The door handle 24 comprises a gripping edge 40 which is accessible via a pivotably mounted flap 26. The flap 26 releases the gripping edge 40 when the following three conditions are met: First, the power supply interface 7 must be powered by the portable energy storage device 10. Secondly, the access authorization read via the near field communication interface 9 must be valid. Thirdly, the additional access authorization read by the additional near field communication interface 19 must also be valid.

[0068] Figure 3 The door handle 24 is shown without the access control device 1 mounted thereon. For this purpose, six fastening holes 41 are provided on the door handle 24, of which only two are provided with reference numerals. The access control device 1 can be mounted on the door handle 24 via its housing 11 at the fastening holes 41 using fastening means, for example in the form of bolts or screws. In addition, Figure 3 A wire hole 42 is shown, through which the wires of the access control device 1 can be routed, the wires connecting the near field communication interface 9 and the power supply interface 7 to the control unit 8. Accordingly, the power supply interface 7 and the near field communication interface 9 are arranged on one side of the wire hole 42, while the control unit 8 is arranged on the other side of the wire hole 42. The fastening hole 41 and the wire hole 42 have no effect on the pressurized cabin of the aircraft, which greatly reduces the workload of the modification.

[0069] Figure 4 The access control device 1 is shown in an exploded view fastened to a door handle 24. Furthermore, a two-piece housing 11 can be seen, which comprises a first housing part 29 and a second housing part 30. The first housing part 29 is arranged on the front side 2 of the door handle 24 and the second housing part 30 is arranged on the back side 61 of the door handle 24. In order to isolate the interior space formed by the two housing parts 29 and 30 together with the door handle 24 from the environment, seals 43 in the form of annular rubber seals are provided between the first housing part 29 and the door handle 24 and between the second housing part 30 and the door handle 24. This allows the components of the access control device 1 arranged in the interior space of the housing 11 to be protected from negative environmental influences, such as moisture and / or dust.

[0070] Figure 5 The back side 61 of the door handle 24 is shown. It can be seen that the flap 26 is pivotably mounted on the rest of the door handle via the pivot 25. Furthermore, the actuating element 4 can be regarded as part of the access control device 1. The element comprises an actuator 44 in the form of a switching magnet and a latch 45 adjustable by the actuator 44. Depending on the adjustment position of the latch 45, the actuating element 4 is in a blocking state 5 or a release state 6. It can be seen that in the blocking state 5, the latch 45 blocks the pivoting of the flap 26, and in the release state 6, the flap 26 can perform a pivoting movement, so that in the release state 6, the user can grasp the gripping edge 40 with his fingers through the pivoting flap 26 and actuate the door handle 24 by a pulling action. When the actuating element 4 is in the blocking state 5, the flap 26 is blocked and the user cannot reach the gripping edge 40 and cannot grasp it; therefore, the door handle 24 cannot be actuated in this state.

[0071] In the present embodiment, the actuating element 4 is monostable, so that it returns to the blocking state 5 without power supply. In principle, however, embodiments with a switchable bistable actuating element 4 are also conceivable. Figure 1 ) can also give the user enough time to actuate the door handle 24, and the capacitor 55 (see Figure 6 ) is provided as an energy storage device. The capacitor is designed so that after the portable energy storage device 10 has been removed, the actuating element 4 remains in the released state 6 for about 10 seconds; the actuating element 4 then switches back to the blocked state 5 (eg by the action of a spring force).

[0072] The actuating element 4 is attached to the door handle 24 by means of an adhesive connection which is not visible here. The control or power supply of the actuating element 4 is performed via a line connected to the electrical interface 35 (not shown).

[0073] Figure 6 The wiring or cables of the individual components of the access control device 1 are schematically shown. On the left, the second housing part 30 assigned to the control unit 8 and the other components arranged in the second housing part 30 are shown. Figure 6 On the right side of FIG. 2 , components of access control device 1 assigned to first housing part 29 are shown. Figure 6 The components shown on the left are arranged in Figure 4 The back side 61 of the door handle 24, Figure 6 The components shown on the right are arranged in Figure 4 The front side 2 of the door handle 24.

[0074] The control unit 8 is connected in a signaling manner or electrically to a transceiver 46 for near field communication according to the RFID standard. The transceiver 46 is connected to a sensor field 47 for near field communication according to the RFID standard via an electrical connection or signal transmission connection 48. The sensor field 47 is part of the near field communication interface 9.

[0075] Furthermore, the control unit 8 is signally or electrically connected to a LED driver 49. The LED driver 49 is connected to the first indicating device 37 and the second indicating device 38 via an electrical or signal transmitting connection 50.

[0076] Furthermore, the control unit 8 is signally or electrically connected to a USB controller 51. The USB controller 51 is connected to the data interface 36 via a signal transmission or electrical connection 52.

[0077] Furthermore, the control unit 8 is connected in a signal-transmitting or electrical manner to the power module 53. The power module 53 is connected to the electrical contacts 31 of the power supply interface 7 via a signal transmission connection or electrical connection 54.

[0078] Furthermore, the control unit 8 is electrically connected to a capacitor 55 which is connected via an electrical connection 56 to an electrical interface 35 via which the actuating element 4 can be supplied with power.

[0079] The additional near field communication interface 19 is connected to the transceiver 46 via a connection (not shown), just as the near field communication interface 9 is connected to the transceiver 46 via a connection (not shown).

[0080] The control unit 8 comprises a data memory (not shown) and a processor (also not shown), so that the control unit 8 can basically be used for both open-loop and closed-loop control of the actuating element 4 .

[0081] In the present embodiment, the control unit 8 , the transceiver 46 , the LED driver 49 , the USB controller 51 , the power module 53 and the capacitor 56 are arranged on a common circuit board 57 .

[0082] also, Figure 6 A battery 58 is shown which is arranged in the housing 11, but which is not designed to supply power to the actuating element 4. For safety reasons, the access control device 1 is designed to supply power to the actuating element 4 only via a power supply interface 7 arranged on the outside 12 of the housing 11. For example, the battery 58 can be used to supply power to the indicating device 37 and the indicating device 38.

[0083] and Figures 2 to 6 The embodiments are different. Figure 7 The door handle 24 of the cargo door of an aircraft manufactured by Airbus is shown. Figures 2 to 5Compared to the embodiment shown, the door handle 24 has a different geometry, wherein a stop plate 26 is also provided on the door handle 24. Therefore, the operating principle is the same.

[0084] Figure 8 Shown along Figure 7 , wherein the actuating element 4 is only schematically shown. In order for the door handle to be in the open position, it must be pivoted in the direction of the arrow 59. In order for the user to apply a corresponding pulling force to the door handle 24, the user must be able to grasp the gripping edge 40. However, the user can only grasp the gripping edge 40 if the flap 26 can be pivoted in the direction of the arrow 60. If the actuating element 4 is in the released state 6, this is possible because the flap 26 can move past the latch 45 unhindered. However, if the actuating element 4 is in the blocked state 5 shown in dashed lines, the opening movement of the flap 26 is blocked by the latch 45. The user cannot then grasp the gripping edge 40 and thus cannot move the door handle 24 in the direction of the arrow 59.

[0085] Fig. 9 An aircraft 3 in the form of an aircraft with a door section 200 is shown, which comprises: a door 21, a door frame 22 and a door lock 23. The door 21 can be locked in the door frame 22 in a closed position by means of the door lock 23. In addition, for actuation, the door lock 23 comprises a door handle 24 on which the access control device 1 is mounted. The door section 200 shown is a door section 200 with a passenger door, so that with regard to the structure and function of the access control device 1, reference is made to the Figures 1 to 6 The embodiment shown.

[0086] Fig.10 Schematic diagram showing the method for opening Fig. 9 Method 300 of door 21 of door section 200 is shown, said door being locked in a closed state.

[0087] In method step a), the portable energy storage device 10 is connected to the power supply interface 7 for transmitting electrical energy (see, for example, Figure 1 ). The access control device 1 is then powered via the power supply interface 7. In this method step, the additional access authorization stored on the additional authorization unit 39 of the portable energy storage device 10 is then read out via the additional near field communication interface 19 of the power supply interface 7 without any user intervention. The control unit 8 then checks the validity of the additional access authorization (see, for example, Figure 6 ).

[0088] Subsequently, in method step b), the portable authorization unit 20 is connected to the near field communication interface 9 in a signal transmission manner. Thus, the access authorization stored on the portable authorization unit 20 is read out via the near field communication interface 9 (see Figure 1 ) and is transmitted to the control unit 8 (see Figure 8 ).

[0089] If both digital access authorizations have been verified as valid by the control unit 8 and the portable energy storage device 10 is still supplying power to the power supply interface 7, then Figure 5 The actuating element 4 is shown switched from the blocking state 5 to the released state 6, so that the actuation of the actuator 26 is possible by releasing the flap 26. Fig. 9 Door handle 24 is shown.

[0090] By actuating the door handle 24 , the door 21 can then be unlocked, so that the door 21 can be opened according to method step c).

Claims

1. An access control device (1) for a door (21) of a vehicle, in particular an access control device (1) for a door (21) of an aircraft (3), the access control device (1) comprising an actuating element (4) which can be switched from a blocking state (5) to a releasing state (6) and from the releasing state to a blocking state; - a power supply interface (7), through which power can be supplied to the access control device (1); - a control unit (8) designed to perform open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element (4); - a near field communication interface (9) which is designed to read out a digital access authorization and to transmit the digital access authorization to the control unit (8); wherein - the control unit (8) is designed to perform an open-loop and / or closed-loop control of the state of the actuating element (4) depending on the validity of the digital access authorization; characterized in that The power supply interface (7) is designed to connect a portable energy storage device (10) without using tools.

2. The access control device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The control unit (8) is designed to verify the validity of the access authorization transmitted via the near field communication interface (9), wherein The control unit (8) is designed to generate a control signal if the digital access authorization has been verified as valid by the control unit (8) and the power supply interface (7) is powered by the portable energy storage device (10).

3. Access control device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The access control device (1) comprises a housing (11) forming an inner space, wherein - at least the control unit (8) is arranged in the inner space, wherein The power supply interface (7) is arranged on the outer side (12) of the housing (11) facing away from the inner space.

4. Access control device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - Both the power supply interface (7) and the near field communication interface (9) are part of a common operating interface (13).

5. Access control device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The power supply interface (7) comprises a holding element (14), which is designed to hold a portable energy storage device (10) on the power supply interface (7) so that the portable energy storage device (10) supplies power to the power supply interface (7).

6. Access control device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that The power supply connection (7) has a recess (15) into which the portable energy storage device (10) can be inserted.

7. Access control device (1) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that The power supply interface (7) and / or the near field communication interface (9) are respectively identifiable to the user via at least one visual device (16, 17, 18).

8. Access control device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The power supply interface (7) comprises an additional near field communication interface (19), which is designed to read out an additional digital access authorization and to transmit the additional digital access authorization to the control unit (8).

9. Access control device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The actuating element (4) can be switched bistable or monostable.

10. The access control device (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that - the actuating element (4) can be switched monostable, wherein A capacitor (55) is provided for temporarily supplying power to the actuating element (4), so that the actuating element (4) can remain in an unstable state for a predetermined period of time when the power supply interface (7) is not powered.

11. An access control system (100) for a door (21) of a vehicle, in particular an access control system (100) for a door (21) of an aircraft (3), characterized in that: The access control system (100) comprises: - Access control device (1) according to any of the preceding claims; - a portable authorization unit (20) on which a digital access authorization for a near field communication interface (9) of the access control device (1) is retrievably stored; and A portable energy storage device (10) is designed to supply power to the access control device (1) via a power supply interface (7).

12. A door part (200), in particular a door part (200) of a vehicle, comprising - door (21); - a door frame (22); and - a door lock (23) designed to lock the door (21) in the door frame (22) in a closed position, characterized in that - An access control device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is provided, wherein The actuating element (4) interacts with the door lock (23) such that when the actuating element (4) is in the released state (6), the locking of the door (21) is released or can be released.

13. The door portion (200) according to claim 12, characterized in that - the door lock (23) comprises a door handle (24), by means of which the door (21) is locked or released in the door frame (22) according to the position of the handle, wherein - the actuating element (4) is designed to prevent the door handle (24) from being actuated in the blocking state (5), and wherein The actuating element (4) is designed to cause the door handle (24) to be actuated in the released state (6).

14. Door section (200) according to claim 12 or 13, characterised in that The door handle (24) comprises a flap (26) pivotable about a pivot (25), wherein - the door handle (24) can be placed in a position to unlock the door (21) only when the flap (26) can be pivoted, wherein - the actuating element (4) in the released state (6) allows the flap (26) to pivot; and wherein The actuating element (4) in the blocking state (5) prevents the flap (26) from pivoting.

15. A method (300) for opening a closed and locked door (21) of a door part (200) according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that The following method steps: a) connecting the portable energy storage device (10) to the power supply interface (7) for energy transfer; then b) connecting the portable authorization unit (20) to the near field communication interface (9) for signal transmission; and then c) Opening the door (21).

Images