Engraving process of embossment
Through three-dimensional modeling and anti-relief processing combined with CNC engraving, the slice thickness is dynamically adjusted, which solves the problem of material waste and carving uncertainty in traditional relief technology, and achieves efficient and accurate carving of relief and improves artistic effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411747984.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2025-01-14
AI Technical Summary
Traditional relief craftsmanship lacks precise slice thickness setting and efficient vertical slice initial engraving methods, resulting in waste of materials, uncertainty in carving and artistic effects that are difficult to achieve.
Three-dimensional modeling software is used for relief modeling and anti-relief processing, and the slice thickness is dynamically adjusted according to the curvature and properties of the stone, and the vertical slice initial engraving is carried out in combination with a CNC engraving machine, and the engraving is completed by grinding.
It achieves efficient removal of materials, shortens the engraving cycle, ensures the precise shaping and artistic effect of relief, and reduces cost and waste.
Smart Images
Figure CN119305332A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to a field related to relief technology, in particular to a relief carving technology. Background Art
[0002] As an ancient and exquisite form of artistic expression, relief carving has a long history and can be traced back to rock paintings and stone carvings in prehistoric times. It is an important branch of sculpture art by carving patterns or images protruding from the background on a flat or curved surface, and using light and shadow effects to show a rich sense of layering and three-dimensionality. In terms of background technology, the traditional production of relief carving relies on the manual skills of craftsmen, who use tools such as hammers, chisels, and chisels to directly carve on materials such as stone, wood, and metal. This process is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has extremely high requirements on the craftsman's skill level.
[0003] With the advancement of science and technology, especially the development of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) technology, relief technology has ushered in a revolutionary change. Modern relief technology combines 3D modeling technology, CNC engraving technology and advanced material science, making the design and production of relief more accurate and efficient. Designers can use 3D modeling software to freely create complex relief patterns and preview the final effect through numerical simulation; while CNC engraving machines can automatically perform precise engraving according to the design model, greatly improving production efficiency and consistency of works.
[0004] In addition, the research on the properties of materials such as stone is becoming increasingly in-depth, so that when selecting materials, we can more scientifically consider the impact of factors such as hardness, brittleness, and texture on the carving effect, thereby optimizing parameters such as slice thickness and carving path, and reducing material waste and processing loss. The progress of these background technologies has not only promoted the modernization of relief technology, but also opened up a new path for the inheritance and development of traditional art.
[0005] However, in the existing technology, the traditional relief craft often lacks precise slice thickness settings during the carving process. The carver usually relies on personal experience and intuition to determine the depth of each cut, which makes it difficult to achieve precise control when carving stones with different hardness and brittleness. This blind cutting method not only easily causes material waste, but also may destroy the overall effect and details of the relief due to cutting too deep or too shallow, increasing the uncertainty and risk of carving.
[0006] In addition, the traditional craft lacks efficient means of vertical slicing and initial carving. The engraver needs to manually perform a lot of cutting and carving work, which is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also difficult to ensure the uniformity and flatness of each layer of slices, affecting the final quality of the relief. At the same time, due to the lack of systematicness and hierarchy in the carving process, it is difficult for the engraver to effectively control the progress and effect of the carving. The completion of each layer of slicing cannot ensure the precise shaping of the relief contour, making the entire carving process appear chaotic and difficult to achieve the expected artistic effect. Summary of the invention
[0007] The invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art and provides a relief carving process.
[0008] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a relief engraving process, characterized in that it includes the following steps:
[0009] S1: Use 3D software to model the shape of the object to be carved, and generate the corresponding relief according to the size of the stone;
[0010] S2: The relief is subjected to reverse relief processing to obtain the required carving with the excess stone removed, and the curvature of the surface at different positions where the reverse relief contacts the relief is recorded as K;
[0011] S3: Slice the part of the stone to be carved and remove the excess stone. The thickness of the slice is D, which varies according to the curvature and the properties of the stone.
[0012] S4: Use engraving equipment to perform initial engraving of vertical slices according to the slice thickness, and finally polish them to obtain the completed stone sculpture.
[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S1, the specific operation steps are:
[0014] S11: Use 3D modeling software to draw a three-dimensional figure of the relief and a stone figure after forming;
[0015] S12: adjusting the size of the three-dimensional figure in S11 until the stone figure can completely accommodate the three-dimensional figure, and the stone figure is drawn in a 1:1 ratio with the stone;
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the anti-relief processing is performed by using three-dimensional modeling software to subtract the three-dimensional figure from the stone figure established in S1 to obtain a residual figure, and the residual figure is the stone that needs to be carved to remove the redundant part.
[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the curvature K is calculated in S2 as follows: Among them, y' is the first derivative of the tangent line of the curve at this point, that is, the slope of the tangent line at this point, and y" is the second derivative of the tangent line of the curve at this point, that is, the rate of change of the slope of the tangent line of the curve.
[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the properties of the stone include the hardness of the stone and the brittleness of the stone, and different stones have different hardness and brittleness.
[0019] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the value of D in S3 is specifically
[0020] A1: Collect a number of different stones, conduct several experiments on stones of different properties, and then find out the factors that affect stone carving;
[0021] A2: Collect stones again according to the influencing factors obtained in A1, classify the stones according to the influencing factors, conduct carving experiments on them respectively, and record the influence of the influencing factors obtained in A1 on the stone carving, and record the experimental data;
[0022] A3: Input the experimental data obtained into statistical software or programming language, fit the experimental data obtained in A2 to obtain a mathematical model for solving the optimal D value, and input the experimental data in A2 into the mathematical model again for verification.
[0023] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in A1, the different stones are specifically stones with different hardness, brittleness, crystal structure and texture direction. The experiment specifically performs initial carving processing on vertical slices of different thicknesses on the stones under the same conditions, and checks and compares the carving results to obtain the influencing factors affecting stone carving.
[0024] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in A3, the mathematical model obtained is specifically: Where C is a constant, a and b are unknown coefficients, K is the curvature, H is the hardness of the stone, and B is the brittleness of the stone.
[0025] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the mathematical model, the constant C and the unknown coefficients a and b are different for each stone.
[0026] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the hardness of the stone and the brittleness of the stone are also very different for different stones.
[0027] The present invention solves the defects existing in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
[0028] (1) The present invention provides a relief carving process through slicing processing technology. By reasonably setting the thickness D of each slice layer according to the hardness and brittleness of the stone and the curvature of the relief pattern in the three-dimensional modeling stage, and according to the set slice thickness, it not only ensures that the engraving equipment of the CNC engraving machine and the three-dimensional engraving machine can efficiently perform the initial engraving of vertical slices, avoiding the waste of materials and time consumption caused by blind cutting, but also greatly shortens the overall engraving cycle. In addition, the layered engraving method gives the engraver a stronger control over the engraving progress and effect. The completion of each layer of slicing can accurately shape the relief contour once, making the engraving process orderly.
[0029] (2) The present invention provides a relief carving process through slicing processing technology, through the combination of reverse relief processing technology and three-dimensional modeling software, and using the powerful functions of the three-dimensional modeling software, the difference between the relief pattern and the original shape of the stone, that is, the excess stone part that needs to be removed, is accurately calculated, so that the relief group is maximized. The accurate calculation avoids excessive or insufficient material removal caused by inaccurate estimation in traditional carving, thereby minimizing unnecessary waste. In addition, the process dynamically adjusts the slice thickness D according to the properties and curvature of the stone. By reasonably setting the slice thickness, the carving equipment can remove excess stone in the most economical way while ensuring the integrity and fineness of the relief pattern. This dynamic adjustment not only reduces the loss of stone, but also reduces the cost in the carving process, making stone carving art more economical, environmentally friendly and sustainable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.
[0031] Figure 1 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0032] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
[0034] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features defined as "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple" means two or more.
[0035] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood by specific circumstances.
[0036] As shown in the figure, a relief engraving process includes the following steps:
[0037] S1: Use 3D software to model the shape of the object to be carved, and generate the corresponding relief according to the size of the stone;
[0038] In S1, the specific steps are as follows:
[0039] S11: Use 3D modeling software to draw the three-dimensional figure of the relief and the shape of the stone after forming;
[0040] S12: adjusting the size of the three-dimensional figure in S11 until the stone can completely accommodate the three-dimensional figure;
[0041] It should be noted that when using 3D software for modeling, 3DPaint, Type3 or ArtCAM can be selected for 3D modeling. During the modeling process of the software, modeling tools are used (such as basic shapes such as cubes and spheres in the software, or through stretching, rotation, scaling and other operations) to draw the three-dimensional model of the required relief pattern, and then fine-tune the details, such as texture, depth, contour, etc., to ensure that the final carved relief has the expected artistic effect, so as to obtain the final formed three-dimensional figure required. In the process of drawing the stone, the size of the drawing is restored to 1:1 with the stone. In the process of selecting the stone, rectangular regular stones are used for carving. To adjust the size of the three-dimensional figure, the three-dimensional figure is scaled in the software, and then the size of the three-dimensional figure is set so that the stone just fully accommodates the size of the three-dimensional figure.
[0042] S2: The relief is subjected to reverse relief processing to obtain the required carving with the excess stone removed, and the curvature of the surface at different positions where the reverse relief contacts the relief is recorded as K;
[0043] In S2, the anti-relief process is to use 3D modeling software to subtract the three-dimensional figure from the stone figure established in S1 to obtain the remaining figure, and the remaining figure is the stone that needs to be carved to remove the excess part.
[0044] The curvature K in S2 is calculated as follows: Among them, y' is the first derivative of the tangent line of the curve at this point, that is, the slope of the tangent line at this point, and y" is the second derivative of the tangent line of the curve at this point, that is, the rate of change of the slope of the tangent line of the curve.
[0045] It should be noted that the anti-relief processing is specifically to use 3D modeling software to subtract the stone graphics and three-dimensional graphics established in S1 and its sub-steps from the three-dimensional graphics using the intersection command in the 3D modeling software, and use the stone graphics to subtract the three-dimensional graphics to obtain the remaining graphics, and the remaining graphics are the stones that need to be carved to remove the excess parts.
[0046] S3: Slice the part of the stone that needs to be carved and the excess stone is removed. The thickness of the slice is D, and D varies according to the curvature and the properties of the stone. The properties of the stone include the hardness and brittleness of the stone.
[0047] The value of D in S3 is specifically
[0048] A1: Collect a number of identical stones, conduct several experiments on the same stones under different conditions, and then obtain the factors that affect stone carving;
[0049] A2: Collect different stones, perform carving on different stones respectively, and record the influence of the influencing factors obtained in A1 on the stone carving, and record the experimental data;
[0050] A3: Input the experimental data obtained into statistical software or programming language, fit the experimental data obtained in A2 to obtain a mathematical model, and input the experimental data in A2 into the mathematical model again for verification.
[0051] In the present invention, in A1, the different stones are specifically stones with different hardness, brittleness, crystal structure and texture direction. The experiment specifically performs initial carving processing on vertical slices of different thicknesses on the stones under the same conditions, and checks and compares the carving results to obtain the influencing factors affecting stone carving.
[0052] In the present invention, in A3, the mathematical model obtained is specifically: Where C is a constant, a and b are unknown coefficients, K is the curvature, H is the hardness of the stone, and B is the brittleness of the stone.
[0053] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the mathematical model, the constant C and the unknown coefficients a and b are different for each stone; the hardness and brittleness of the stone are also very different for different stones. The specific data are obtained through experiments and are shown in Table 1 below.
[0054] Table 1
[0055]
[0056] S4: Use engraving equipment to perform initial engraving of vertical slices according to the slice thickness, and finally polish them to obtain the completed stone sculpture.
[0057] It should be noted that during the initial carving process, carving equipment such as CNC engraving machines and 3D engraving machines are used to perform vertical cutting to directly remove excess stone over a large range, and then perform final grinding. During the grinding process, coarse sandpaper or grinding wheels are used to perform preliminary grinding on the relief surface to remove burrs and unevenness generated during the cutting process. After that, the details of the relief are finely ground, and sandpaper or grinding tools of different particle sizes are used to gradually improve the smoothness of the surface to obtain a stone sculpture.
[0058] When the present invention is used, first, a three-dimensional modeling software (such as 3DPaint, Type3 or ArtCAM) is used to draw a three-dimensional figure of the target relief, and the size and shape of the selected stone are accurately matched. In the modeling process, by adjusting the basic shape, stretching, rotating, scaling and other operations, combined with the carving of details such as texture, depth and contour, it is ensured that the artistic effect of the relief model meets the expectations. Subsequently, the relief model and the stone are restored in a 1:1 ratio to ensure that the stone can fully accommodate the relief figure.
[0059] Next, the reverse relief process is performed, that is, the relief pattern is subtracted from the stone pattern through software commands to obtain the excess stone part that needs to be removed. In this process, the curvature K of the contact surface between the reverse relief and the relief is calculated to provide a basis for subsequent slicing processing.
[0060] Then, according to the curvature K and the properties of the stone (hardness H, brittleness B, etc.), the slice thickness D is determined by fitting the mathematical model obtained through experimental data. The experiment includes performing vertical slice initial carving on different stones, recording the influencing factors, and fitting the data using statistical software or programming language to obtain the calculation formula for D.
[0061] Finally, according to the calculated slice thickness D, use engraving equipment (such as CNC engraving machine) to perform initial engraving of vertical slices to remove excess stone. After the engraving is completed, it is polished, first using coarse sandpaper or grinding wheel to remove burrs and unevenness, and then gradually using finer sandpaper for fine polishing until the relief surface is smooth and delicate, achieving the desired artistic effect.
[0062] The above is based on the ideal embodiment of the present invention. Through the above description, relevant personnel can make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical concept of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and the technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A relief engraving process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: Use 3D software to model the shape of the object to be carved, and generate the corresponding relief according to the size of the stone; S2: The relief is subjected to reverse relief processing to obtain the required carving with the excess stone removed, and the curvature of the surface at different positions where the reverse relief contacts the relief is recorded as K; S3: Slice the part of the stone to be carved and remove the excess stone. The thickness of the slice is D, which varies according to the curvature and the properties of the stone. S4: Use engraving equipment to perform initial engraving of vertical slices according to the slice thickness, and finally polish them to obtain the completed stone sculpture.
2. The relief engraving process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In said S1, the specific operation steps are: S11: Use 3D modeling software to draw a three-dimensional figure of the relief and a stone figure after forming; S12: Adjust the size of the three-dimensional figure in S11 until the stone figure can completely accommodate the three-dimensional figure, and draw the stone figure in a 1:1 ratio with the stone.
3. The relief engraving process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S2, the anti-relief processing is to use three-dimensional modeling software to subtract the three-dimensional figure from the stone figure established in S1 to obtain a residual figure, and the residual figure is the stone that needs to be carved to remove the redundant part.
4. The relief engraving process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The curvature K in S2 is calculated as follows: Among them, y ’ is the first derivative of the tangent line of the curve at that point, that is, the slope of the tangent line at that point, y ” It is the second derivative of the tangent line of the curve at that point, that is, the rate of change of the slope of the tangent line of the curve.
5. The relief carving process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In S3, the properties of the stone include the hardness of the stone and the brittleness of the stone, and different stones have different hardness and brittleness.
6. The relief carving process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The value of D in S3 is specifically A1: Collect a number of different stones, conduct several experiments on stones of different properties, and then find out the factors that affect stone carving; A2: Collect stones again according to the influencing factors obtained in A1, classify the stones according to the influencing factors, conduct carving experiments on them respectively, and record the influence of the influencing factors obtained in A1 on the stone carving, and record the experimental data; A3: Input the experimental data obtained into statistical software or programming language, fit the experimental data obtained in A2 to obtain a mathematical model for solving the optimal D value, and input the experimental data in A2 into the mathematical model again for verification.
7. The relief carving process according to claim 6, characterized in that: In A1, the different stones are specifically stones with different hardness, brittleness, crystal structure and texture direction. The experiment specifically performs initial carving processing on vertical slices of different thicknesses on the stones under the same conditions, checks and compares the carving results, and obtains the influencing factors affecting stone carving.
8. The relief carving process according to claim 6, characterized in that: In A3, the mathematical model obtained is specifically: Where C is a constant, a and b are unknown coefficients, K is the curvature, H is the hardness of the stone, and B is the brittleness of the stone.
9. The relief carving process according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the mathematical model, the constant C and the unknown coefficients a and b vary according to each stone.
10. The relief carving process according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the mathematical model, the hardness and brittleness of the stone are also very different for different stones.