Hydrogen storage alloy reactor, methods for hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and discloses a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, a method for storing and releasing hydrogen. The hydrogen storage alloy reactor includes a vertically arranged inner tank and an outer tank fitted over the inner tank. Along the vertical direction of the inner tank, multiple inner tank baffles are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank. Along the vertical direction of the outer tank, multiple outer tank baffles are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank. The inner tank baffles have openings for hydrogen gas flow. The outer tank baffles are in the shape of a notched annular ring, and are used for the flow of a heat-conducting fluid, which flows through the notched corner of the annular ring. This hydrogen storage alloy reactor can improve heat transfer efficiency and better control the hydrogen absorption and release rates.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of hydrogen storage, and more specifically to a hydrogen storage alloy reactor and a method for storing and releasing hydrogen. Background Technology

[0002] With the world's ever-increasing energy demand, coupled with severe CO2 emissions and worsening environmental pollution, people are paying more and more attention to developing clean and renewable energy. Hydrogen energy, as a secondary energy source, has the characteristics of wide availability, cleanliness and carbon-free operation, flexibility and efficiency, and a wide range of applications. It can be widely used in energy, transportation, industry, construction, and other fields. It is an ideal interconnecting medium for promoting the clean and efficient utilization of traditional fossil fuels and supporting the large-scale development of renewable energy, and will gradually become an important direction for global energy technology development.

[0003] Hydrogen energy can be stored and transported. Improving the efficiency and reducing the cost of hydrogen storage and transportation are key development areas for hydrogen storage and transportation technologies. Currently, hydrogen storage mainly includes three methods: gaseous hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage, and solid hydrogen storage. High-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage is the primary method at present, with advantages such as fast hydrogen filling and releasing speed and simple container structure. However, high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage has disadvantages such as low volumetric density and low safety, and existing high-pressure equipment and high-pressure storage tank technology largely rely on imports. Liquid hydrogen storage refers to the cryogenic liquefaction of hydrogen and its storage in cryogenic insulated storage tanks, which has the advantage of high hydrogen storage density. However, liquid hydrogen devices are costly, the liquefaction process is energy-intensive, and there are evaporation losses during use, which are problems that urgently need to be solved. Solid hydrogen storage refers to the storage of hydrogen through chemical adsorption or physical adsorption using metal hydrides, nanomaterials, etc. as carriers. Solid hydrogen storage has advantages such as high hydrogen storage density, low hydrogen storage pressure, high hydrogen purity, and good safety, and is an important direction for the future development of hydrogen storage.

[0004] Hydrogen storage alloys are a class of materials that store hydrogen in the form of metal hydrides. Hydrogen storage alloys offer advantages such as good reversibility of hydrogen absorption and desorption, high hydrogen storage density per unit volume, high hydrogen purity during desorption, and high safety. Metal hydrides are formed by a reversible reaction between a metal alloy and hydrogen under specific temperature and pressure conditions. Hydrogen absorption is an exothermic reaction, while desorption is an endothermic process. The former occurs only when the supply pressure is greater than the equilibrium pressure, and the latter only occurs when the pressure is lower than the equilibrium pressure. During hydrogen absorption, the released heat needs to be removed from the reaction system promptly to maintain a favorable temperature. This helps to increase the hydrogen absorption rate and thus the hydrogen storage capacity. When hydrogen needs to be released, the endothermic reaction of the desorption process means that external heat must be provided to maintain a suitable hydrogen release rate. However, existing hydrogen storage alloy reactors have poor heat transfer performance, resulting in poor control of the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates and low reversible hydrogen storage density. Therefore, improving the system's heat transfer efficiency is crucial for improving the performance of metal hydride hydrogen storage systems. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the problems of poor heat transfer performance and poor control of hydrogen absorption and desorption rates in existing hydrogen storage reactors, and to provide a hydrogen storage alloy reactor and a method for hydrogen storage and desorption. This reactor can improve heat transfer efficiency and better control the hydrogen absorption and desorption rates.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, a first aspect of the present invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, wherein the reactor includes a vertically arranged inner tank and an outer tank sleeved outside the inner tank; along the vertical direction of the inner tank, a plurality of inner tank baffles are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank; along the vertical direction of the outer tank, a plurality of outer tank baffles are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank; the inner tank baffles are provided with openings for the flow of hydrogen gas; the outer tank baffles are in the shape of a notched annulus, and the outer tank baffles are used for the flow of a heat-conducting fluid, which flows through the notched corner of the notched annulus.

[0007] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen storage process and the hydrogen release process are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0008] Hydrogen storage process: Hydrogen gas is introduced into the inner tank, and the hydrogen gas undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank partition. A heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0009] Hydrogen release process: The solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen is subjected to a desorption reaction, and then a heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank to provide the heat required for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0010] In existing technologies, hydrogen storage alloy reactors typically lack both gas and liquid flow channels, resulting in low hydrogen absorption and heat exchange efficiencies. The hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by this invention features perforations in the inner tank baffles to form gas flow channels. This ensures sufficient contact between hydrogen and the solid hydrogen storage composite material during storage, guaranteeing that each portion of the solid hydrogen storage material can absorb hydrogen, thereby improving hydrogen absorption efficiency. Simultaneously, multiple outer tank baffles are installed within the outer tank, creating liquid flow channels and increasing the heat exchange area, thus enhancing heat exchange efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the inner tank partition of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the inner tank partitions of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the outer tank partition of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the temperature change of the inner tank over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the change of the hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 8 This is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 9 This is a graph showing the temperature of the inner tank changing over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 10 This is a graph showing the change of the hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process in Embodiment 2 of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 11 This is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 12 This is a graph showing the temperature change of the inner tank over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 13 This is a graph showing the change of the hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process in Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 14 This is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 15 This is a graph showing the temperature of the inner tank changing over time during hydrogen storage in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 16 This is a graph showing the change of hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process in Embodiment 4 of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 17 This is a schematic diagram of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor of Comparative Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 18 This is a graph showing the change in hydrogen absorption over time during hydrogen storage in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.

[0029] Figure 19This is a graph showing the temperature of the inner tank changing over time during hydrogen storage in Comparative Example 1 of this invention.

[0030] Figure 20 This is a graph showing the change in the hydrogen release ratio over time during the hydrogen release process of Comparative Example 1 of this invention.

[0031] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures

[0032] 1-Inner tank 2-Outer tank

[0033] 3-Inner tank partition 4-Outer tank partition

[0034] 5-Opening 6-Cut corner ring

[0035] 7-Trachea 8-Filter Detailed Implementation

[0036] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0037] In the description of this invention, terms such as "vertical," "horizontal," "top," and "bottom" indicate directions or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used merely for ease of description and do not require the invention to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation; therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. The terms "connected" and "linked" used in this invention are interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections or detachable connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through intermediate components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms according to the specific circumstances.

[0038] The first aspect of this invention provides a hydrogen storage alloy reactor, such as... Figure 1-4 As shown, the reactor includes a vertically arranged inner tank 1 and an outer tank 2 fitted outside the inner tank 1;

[0039] Along the vertical direction of the inner tank 1, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank 1;

[0040] Along the vertical direction of the outer tank 2, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank 2;

[0041] The inner tank partition 3 has an opening 5 for the flow of hydrogen.

[0042] The outer tank partition 4 is in the shape of a notched ring 6. The outer tank partition 4 is used for the flow of heat-conducting fluid, which flows through the notched corner of the notched ring 6.

[0043] In this invention, two interlocking tanks are selected as a hydrogen storage alloy reactor. The inner tank is used for hydrogen storage and release, while the outer tank is used for heat transfer. This achieves both safe hydrogen transport and rapid heat transfer through the outer tank, improving heat transfer efficiency. Furthermore, the openings on the partitions of adjacent inner tanks form gas channels, and the missing corners on the partitions of adjacent outer tanks form liquid channels. This results in special flow channel structures, such as serpentine channels, inside both the inner and outer tanks, enabling safe and efficient hydrogen transport as well as heat absorption and release. Additionally, hydrogen flows through the gas channels of the inner tank, and the flow direction is controlled by adjusting the relative positions of the openings on the partitions of the inner tank. The heat-conducting fluid flows through the missing corner ring of the partition of the outer tank, and the flow direction is adjusted by adjusting the relative positions of the missing corners, improving hydrogen storage efficiency and heat diffusion efficiency. Using the hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by this invention, when the hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity, the hydrogen absorption time can be reduced by 17-83% compared with the prior art. When the hydrogen release capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen release capacity, the hydrogen release time can be reduced by 32-90% compared with the prior art.

[0044] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the height of the inner tank 1 and the outer tank 2 is independently 50-2000mm, preferably 150-800mm.

[0045] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 5-80 mm, preferably 10-40 mm.

[0046] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the outer tank 2 is 15-160 mm, preferably 30-90 mm.

[0047] The advantage of using the above preferred embodiment is that it improves the radial heat transfer efficiency of the hydrogen storage material.

[0048] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the difference in inner diameter between the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 0.2-3:1, more preferably 0.35-2:1. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it reduces the volume of the outer tank while meeting the heat transfer requirements during hydrogen absorption and desorption.

[0049] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the number of openings 5 ​​is one, and the ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank partition 3 is 0.01-0.2:1, preferably 0.04-0.1:1. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it allows gas to flow along the openings of adjacent partitions to form a flow direction, while also ensuring gas transmission efficiency.

[0050] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the diameter of the opening 5 is 2-20 mm, preferably 2-15 mm. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it allows gas to flow along the openings of adjacent partitions to form a flow direction, while also ensuring gas transmission efficiency.

[0051] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the distance between the center of the inner tank partition 3 and the center of the opening 5 to the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 0.15-0.45:1, more preferably 0.2-0.35:1. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it increases the contact time between the gas and the hydrogen storage material during the gas flow process through the openings of adjacent partitions.

[0052] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, taking the bottom inner tank partition 3 as a reference, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are rotated sequentially in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank 1 by 90-180°, preferably 120-180°. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it forms a gas flow channel structure, allowing hydrogen to fully contact the hydrogen storage material and improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0053] In this invention, illustratively speaking, "rotation in the same direction" means that the bottom inner tank partition is the first inner tank partition, which remains stationary. The second inner tank partition rotates counterclockwise by 90-180° along the inner tank axis. After the second inner tank partition finishes rotating, it remains stationary, and the third inner tank partition continues to rotate counterclockwise by 90-180° along the inner tank axis, and so on. This results in the openings on each inner tank partition forming a gas flow channel structure, such as a serpentine flow channel. It should be noted that the above description is only illustrative of counterclockwise rotation; clockwise rotation is also acceptable, as long as the rotation direction of the multiple inner tank partitions remains consistent.

[0054] In this invention, the inner tank is equipped with multiple inner tank baffles. By controlling the spacing between the inner tank baffles, sufficient contact between hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material is achieved. Preferably, the ratio of the maximum spacing between adjacent inner tank baffles 3 to the height of the inner tank 1 is 0.05-0.5:1, more preferably 0.05-0.35:1. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it allows the gas to form a baffle within the inner tank, ensuring sufficient contact with the hydrogen storage material.

[0055] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the arc of the notched ring 6 is 240-355°, preferably 300-345°. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it allows fluid to flow through the notch in the notched ring, controlling fluid flow while also considering fluid throughput.

[0056] In this invention, it can be understood that the "radian" of the missing corner ring refers to the angle between the two vertices of the inner arc surface of the missing corner ring and the center of the circle. The calculation formula is 360° / 2π*l / r, where l is the length of the inner arc surface of the missing corner ring 6 and r is the inner radius of the missing corner ring 6.

[0057] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, taking the bottommost outer tank partition 4 as a reference, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are rotated sequentially in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank 2 by 90-180°, preferably 120-180°. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that a liquid flow channel structure is formed in the outer tank, which improves the heat exchange effect. It should be noted that the "rotation in the same direction" here is the same as the "rotation in the same direction" of the aforementioned inner tank partitions, and will not be described again here.

[0058] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions 4 to the height of the outer tank 2 is 0.05-0.5:1, preferably 0.08-0.25:1. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that it causes the liquid to form baffles within the outer tank, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency.

[0059] The method of setting the solid hydrogen storage composite material is not specifically limited in this invention. Preferably, the solid hydrogen storage composite material is placed between the adjacent inner tank partitions 3.

[0060] According to the present invention, preferably, the solid hydrogen storage composite material comprises a hydrogen storage alloy and / or a thermally conductive material. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that the solid hydrogen storage composite material, being a mixture of a hydrogen storage alloy and a thermally conductive material, can effectively improve the heat transfer coefficient of the hydrogen storage material bed while reducing stress changes caused by the expansion and contraction of the hydrogen storage material during hydrogen absorption and desorption.

[0061] In this invention, there is no particular limitation on the amount of each component material in the solid hydrogen storage composite material, as long as it can meet the hydrogen storage requirements. Preferably, the mass ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy to the thermally conductive material is 1:0.02-0.1.

[0062] In this invention, the type of hydrogen storage alloy is not particularly limited, and it can be any hydrogen storage alloy conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the hydrogen storage alloy is selected from at least one of titanium-based hydrogen storage alloys, zirconium-based hydrogen storage alloys, vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys, and rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys; more specifically, it can be, for example, a LaNi5 alloy.

[0063] In this invention, there is no particular limitation on the type of thermally conductive material, which can be any thermally conductive material conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the thermally conductive material is selected from at least one of expanded graphite, thermally conductive fiber, graphite sheet, carbon nanotube, aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder, aluminum foam, nickel foam, and copper foam.

[0064] In this invention, the type of heat-conducting fluid is not particularly limited and can be any heat-conducting fluid conventionally defined in the art. Preferably, the heat-conducting fluid is selected from at least one of water, ethylene glycol, and heat-conducting oil.

[0065] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the materials of the inner tank 1, the outer tank 2, the inner tank partition 3, and the outer tank partition 4 are each independently selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, carbon steel, and stainless steel. The advantage of this preferred embodiment is that parameters such as tank weight, cost, and thermal conductivity can be adjusted according to the application scenario requirements.

[0066] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a gas pipe 7 is provided at the top of the inner tank 1, and the gas pipe 7 is used to introduce hydrogen into the inner tank 1 or release hydrogen from the inner tank 1.

[0067] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the inner diameter of the trachea is 3-10 mm.

[0068] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a filter 8 is provided inside the air pipe 7. The filter 8 is a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body, preferably a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body sintered by powder metallurgy.

[0069] According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the filter 8 has an accuracy of 0.5-2 μm.

[0070] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein the hydrogen storage process and the hydrogen release process are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor described in the first aspect, the method comprising:

[0071] Hydrogen storage process: Hydrogen gas is introduced into the inner tank 1, and the hydrogen gas undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank partition 3. A heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank 2 to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0072] Hydrogen release process: The solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen is subjected to a desorption reaction, and then a heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank 2 to provide the heat required for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0073] In this invention, the reaction conditions for the hydrogen absorption and desorption (hydrogen release) reactions are not particularly limited, and those skilled in the art can select them according to actual needs. Preferably, during hydrogen storage, the conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction include: a temperature of 10-50°C and a pressure of 0.5-50 MPa. Preferably, during hydrogen storage, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 10-50°C, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.1-100 L / min. During hydrogen release, the conditions for the desorption reaction include: a temperature of 30-200°C and a pressure of 0.1-50 MPa. Preferably, during hydrogen release, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 30-200°C, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.05-100 L / min.

[0074] The present invention will be described in detail below through embodiments.

[0075] Example 1

[0076] like Figure 1 As shown, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor includes an inner tank 1, an outer tank 2, an inner tank partition 3, an outer tank partition 4, a gas pipe 7, and a filter 8. The outer tank 2 is fitted outside the inner tank 1. The inner tank 1, outer tank 2, inner tank partition 3, and outer tank partition 4 are all made of 304 stainless steel. The inner tank 1 has a height of 150 mm and an inner diameter of 30 mm. The outer tank 2 has a height of 150 mm and an inner diameter of 60 mm. The ratio of the difference in inner diameter between the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 1:1. The gas pipe 7 is located at the top of the inner tank 1 and communicates with it. The diameter of the gas pipe 7 is 3 mm. A filter 8 is installed inside the gas pipe 7. The filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel with a precision of 2 μm. Hydrogen gas is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or exits the inner tank 1 through the gas pipe 7.

[0077] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank 1, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank 1. The outer peripheral wall of the inner tank partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. Each inner tank partition 3 has an opening 5 with a diameter of 8mm. The ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank partition 3 is 0.07:1. Using the adjacent lower inner tank partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank partitions 3 rotate 180° sequentially in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank 1. The ratio of the maximum spacing between the partition plates 3 to the height of the inner tank 1 is 0.33:1. Multiple inner tank partition plates 3 are arranged in parallel, and the openings 5 ​​on the inner tank partition plates form gas flow channels. Hydrogen flows in the gas flow channels. The spaces between adjacent inner tank partition plates 3 in the inner tank 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite material. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite. The mass ratio of rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to expanded graphite is 1:0.03.

[0078] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank 2, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank 2. The outer tank partitions 4 are in the shape of a notched ring 6. The outer arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the outer tank 2, and the inner arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer circumferential wall of the inner tank 1. The arc of the notched ring 6 is 300°. The ratio between the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank 2 is 0.2:1. The multiple outer tank partitions 4 are arranged in parallel. Taking the adjacent lower outer tank partition 4 as a reference, the outer tank partitions 4 rotate 180° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank 2. A first guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the top of the outer tank 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid enters the liquid channel of the outer tank 2 through the first guide port and fills the interior of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0079] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank 1, where it undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material inside the inner tank 1 at an initial temperature of 293 K and pressure. Deionized water at 293 K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 1.2 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0080] During the hydrogen release process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.2L / min to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0081] Numerical simulations of the reactor were performed using COMSOL software. Mass, energy, and momentum balance equations were constructed, as follows:

[0082] The mass conservation equation for hydrogen storage materials:

[0083] The mass conservation equation for gases:

[0084] Where m is the mass change value, ε is the porosity of the hydrogen storage material in inner tank 1, and ρ s U is the density of the hydrogen storage material, t is the reaction time, and u is the value of the hydrogen storage material. g Let ρ be the velocity field of hydrogen gas. g This represents the gas density.

[0085] The velocity field of hydrogen gas was calculated using Darcy's law:

[0086] Where K is the permeability, μ g P is the viscosity coefficient of hydrogen gas. g This is the pressure of hydrogen gas.

[0087] For the hydrogen absorption reaction process, the reaction rate equation is as follows:

[0088]

[0089] For the hydrogen exothermic reaction process, the reaction rate equation is as follows:

[0090]

[0091] Among them, C a and C d E represents the pre-exponential factor for hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release reactions, respectively. a and E d The activation energies R for hydrogen absorption and hydrogen release reactions are respectively. g Let P be the gas constant, T be the reaction temperature, and P be the gas constant. eq For the equilibrium pressure of a chemical reaction, ρ ss ρ is the density of the hydrogen storage material after complete hydrogen absorption, and ρ0 is the initial density of the hydrogen storage material.

[0092] The equilibrium pressure for a chemical reaction is given by the Van't Hoff equation:

[0093]

[0094] The energy balance equation for the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction in inner tank 1 is as follows:

[0095]

[0096] Among them, M g denoted as , where is the molar mass of hydrogen gas.

[0097] The effective heat capacity of the hydrogen storage bed is: (ρC) p ) e =ερ g C p,g +(1-ε)ρ s C p,s

[0098] The effective thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage bed is: λ e =ελ g +(1-ε)λ s

[0099] Among them, C p,g and C p,s The heat capacities of hydrogen and hydrogen storage materials are λ, respectively. g and λ s These are the thermal conductivity of hydrogen and the hydrogen storage material, respectively.

[0100] For heat-conducting fluids, the mass balance equation is:

[0101] Where, ρ f For the density of the thermally conductive fluid, u f This represents the velocity field of the heat-conducting fluid.

[0102] For thermally conductive fluids, the momentum balance equation is as follows:

[0103]

[0104] The heat transfer equation inside the heat-conducting fluid is as follows:

[0105]

[0106] in:

[0107] Among them, C p,f λ is the heat capacity of the thermally conductive fluid. f P is the effective thermal conductivity of the heat-conducting fluid. f This refers to the pressure of the heat-conducting fluid.

[0108] For the tank walls and baffles, the heat transfer equation is as follows:

[0109]

[0110] Where, (ρc) solid λ is the heat capacity of a solid (tank wall or baffle). solid It is the effective thermal conductivity of the solid (tank wall or partition).

[0111] The heat transfer equation between the inner tank, outer tank, and baffle is: q = h(T1 - T2)

[0112] Where q is the heat flux, h is the heat transfer coefficient between the two, and T1 and T2 refer to the temperatures of two adjacent phases with different temperatures (for example, when calculating the heat transfer between the inner tank and the baffle, T1 and T2 refer to the temperatures of the inner tank and the baffle, respectively).

[0113] Using the above equations, the changes of various parameters within the reactor over time can be calculated. For example... Figure 5 As shown in the curve, the hydrogen absorption capacity changes with time. After 334 seconds, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum capacity, representing a 46% reduction in absorption time compared to Comparative Example 1. Figure 6 As shown in the figure, the temperature of the inner tank changes over time. The total time for the temperature of the inner tank to rise above 30K (323K) is 321s, which is 49% less than the over-temperature time in Comparative Example 1.

[0114] like Figure 7As shown in the curve, the hydrogen release ratio changes with time. After 543 seconds of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor releases 90% of the hydrogen gas, which is 53% less than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0115] Example 2

[0116] The reactor and method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank 1 is 210 mm and the inner diameter is 40 mm, the height of the outer tank 2 is 210 mm and the inner diameter is 90 mm, and the ratio of the difference in the inner diameter of the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 1.25:1; the gas pipe 7 is located at the top of the inner tank 1 and communicates with the inner tank 1. The diameter of the gas pipe 7 is 10 mm, and a filter 8 is installed inside the gas pipe 7. The filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel and has a precision of 2 μm. Hydrogen gas is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or exits the inner tank 1 through the gas pipe 7.

[0117] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank 1, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank 1. The outer peripheral wall of the inner tank partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. Each inner tank partition 3 has an opening 5 with a diameter of 12mm. The ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank partition 3 is 0.09:1. Using the adjacent lower inner tank partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank partitions 3 rotate sequentially by 150° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank 1. The ratio of the maximum spacing between the partition plates 3 to the height of the inner tank is 0.14:1. Multiple inner tank partition plates 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank partition plates 3 form gas flow channels, in which hydrogen flows. The spaces between adjacent inner tank partition plates 3 in the inner tank 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite material. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite. The mass ratio of rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to expanded graphite is 1:0.08.

[0118] like Figure 1 and Figure 4As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank 2, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank 2. The outer tank partitions 4 are in the shape of a notched ring 6. The outer arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank 1, and the inner arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. The arc of the notched ring 6 is 345°. The ratio between the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank 1 is 0.2:1. The multiple outer tank partitions 4 are arranged in parallel. Taking the adjacent lower outer tank partition 4 as a reference, the outer tank partitions 4 rotate 144° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank 2. A first guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the top of the outer tank 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid, which is deionized water, enters the outer tank channel through the first guide port and fills the interior of the outer tank 2.

[0119] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank 1, where it undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material inside the inner tank 1 at an initial temperature of 293 K and pressure. Deionized water at 293 K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0120] During the hydrogen release process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and an outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.48L / min to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0121] The changes in various parameters within the reactor over time were obtained according to the simulation calculations of Example 1. For example... Figure 8 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen absorption capacity changes with time. After 348 seconds of the hydrogen absorption reaction starting, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum capacity, representing a 44% reduction in absorption time compared to Comparative Example 1. Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the temperature of the inner tank changes over time. The total time for the temperature of the inner tank to rise above 30K (323K) is 363s, which is 43% less than the over-temperature time in Comparative Example 1.

[0122] like Figure 10 As shown in the curve, the hydrogen release ratio changes with time. After 483 seconds of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor releases 90% of the hydrogen gas, which is 58% less than the hydrogen release time in Comparative Example 1.

[0123] Example 3

[0124] The reactor and method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank 1 is 720 mm and the inner diameter is 10 mm, the height of the outer tank 2 is 720 mm and the inner diameter is 30 mm, and the ratio between the difference in the inner diameter of the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 1 and the inner diameter of the inner tank is 2:1; the gas pipe 7 is located at the top of the inner tank 1 and communicates with the inner tank 1. The diameter of the gas pipe 7 is 4 mm, and a filter 8 is installed inside the gas pipe 7. The filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel and has a precision of 2 μm. Hydrogen gas is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or exits the inner tank 1 through the gas pipe 7.

[0125] like Figure 1-3 As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank 1, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank 1. The outer peripheral wall of the inner tank partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. Each inner tank partition 3 has an opening 5 with a diameter of 2.4 mm. The ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank partition 3 is 0.058:1. Using the adjacent lower inner tank partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank partitions 3 rotate sequentially by 120° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank 1. The ratio of the maximum spacing between the tank partitions 3 to the height of the inner tank is 0.09:1. Multiple inner tank partitions 3 are arranged in parallel, and the openings 5 ​​on the inner tank partitions 3 form gas channels in which hydrogen flows. The spaces between adjacent inner tank partitions 3 in the inner tank 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite material. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite, wherein the mass ratio of rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to expanded graphite is 1:0.08.

[0126] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank 2, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank 2. The outer tank partitions 4 are in the shape of a notched ring 6, and the outer arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner circumferential wall of the outer tank 1. The arc of the notched ring 6 is 330°. The ratio between the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions 4 and the height of the outer tank is 0.09:1. The multiple outer tank partitions 4 are arranged in parallel. Taking the adjacent lower outer tank partition 4 as a reference, the outer tank partitions 4 rotate 120° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank 2. A first guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the top of the outer tank 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid enters the outer tank channel through the first guide port and fills the interior of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid is deionized water.

[0127] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank 1, where it undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material inside the inner tank 1 at an initial temperature of 293 K and pressure. Deionized water at 293 K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.1 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0128] During the hydrogen release process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and an outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.05L / min to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0129] The changes in various parameters within the reactor over time were obtained according to the simulation calculations of Example 1. For example... Figure 11 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen absorption capacity changes with time. After 106 seconds of the hydrogen absorption reaction starting, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum capacity, representing an 83% reduction in absorption time compared to Comparative Example 1. Figure 12 As shown in the figure, the temperature of the inner tank changes over time. The total time for the temperature of the inner tank to rise above 30K (323K) is 108s, which is 83% less than the over-temperature time in Comparative Example 1.

[0130] like Figure 13 As shown in the curve, the hydrogen release ratio changes with time. After 117 seconds of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor releases 90% of the hydrogen gas, which is 90% less than the hydrogen release time in Comparative Example 1.

[0131] Example 4

[0132] The reactor and method of Example 1 are used, except that the height of the inner tank 1 is 100 mm and the inner diameter is 60 mm, the height of the outer tank 2 is 100 mm and the inner diameter is 80 mm, and the ratio of the difference in inner diameter between the outer tank 2 and the inner tank 1 to the inner diameter of the inner tank 1 is 0.33:1; the gas pipe 7 is located at the top of the inner tank 1 and communicates with the inner tank 1. The diameter of the gas pipe 7 is 6 mm, and a filter 8 is installed inside the gas pipe 7. The filter 8 is made of sintered 316L stainless steel and has a precision of 2 μm. Hydrogen gas is filtered by the filter 8 and then enters or exits the inner tank 1 through the gas pipe 7.

[0133] like Figure 1-3As shown, along the vertical direction of the inner tank 1, multiple inner tank partitions 3 are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank 1. The outer peripheral wall of the inner tank partition 3 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. Each inner tank partition 3 has an opening 5 with a diameter of 6mm. The ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening 5 to the area of ​​the inner tank partition 3 is 0.01:1. Using the adjacent lower inner tank partition 3 as a reference, the inner tank partitions 3 rotate sequentially by 60° in the same direction along the axial direction of the inner tank 1. The ratio of the maximum spacing between the baffles 3 to the height of the inner tank 1 is 0.2:1. Multiple inner tank baffles 3 are arranged in parallel. The openings 5 ​​on the inner tank baffles 3 form gas channels, in which hydrogen flows. The spaces between adjacent inner tank baffles 3 in the inner tank 1 are filled with solid hydrogen storage composite material. The solid hydrogen storage composite material includes rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy (composed of LaNi5) and expanded graphite. The mass ratio of rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloy to expanded graphite is 1:0.03.

[0134] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, along the vertical direction of the outer tank 2, multiple outer tank partitions 4 are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank 2. The outer tank partitions 4 are in the shape of a notched ring 6. The outer arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the inner peripheral wall of the outer tank 1, and the inner arc surface of the notched ring 6 is detachably connected to the outer peripheral wall of the inner tank 1. The arc of the notched ring 6 is 240°. The ratio of the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions 4 to the height of the outer tank 4 is 0.42:1. The multiple outer tank partitions 4 are arranged in parallel. Taking the adjacent lower outer tank partition 4 as a reference, the outer tank partitions 4 rotate 90° in the same direction along the axial direction of the outer tank 2. A first guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the top of the outer tank 2, and a second guide port (not shown in the figure) is provided at the bottom of the outer tank 2. The heat transfer fluid, which is deionized water, enters the outer tank channel through the first guide port and fills the interior of the outer tank 2.

[0135] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank 1, where it undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material inside the inner tank 1 at an initial temperature of 293 K and pressure. Deionized water at 293 K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0136] During the hydrogen release process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at a temperature of 343K and an outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.5L / min to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0137] The changes in various parameters within the reactor over time were obtained according to the simulation calculations of Example 1. For example... Figure 14As shown in the figure, the hydrogen absorption rate changes with time. 518 seconds after the start of the hydrogen absorption reaction, the hydrogen absorption rate of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum absorption rate, representing a 17% reduction in absorption time compared to Comparative Example 1. Figure 15 As shown in the figure, the temperature of the inner tank changes over time. The total time for the temperature of the inner tank to rise above 30K (323K) is 540s, which is 15% less than the over-temperature time in Comparative Example 1.

[0138] like Figure 16 As shown in the curve, the hydrogen release ratio changes with time. After 784 seconds of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor releases 90% of the hydrogen gas, which is 32% less than that of Comparative Example 1.

[0139] Comparative Example 1

[0140] The method is the same as in Example 2, except that, Figure 17 As shown, in Comparative Example 1, the inner tank 1 does not have an inner tank partition 3, and the outer tank 2 does not have an outer tank partition 4.

[0141] During the hydrogen storage process, the hydrogen inlet pressure is maintained at 0.8 MPa and introduced into the inner tank, where it undergoes a hydrogen absorption reaction with the solid hydrogen storage composite material in the inner tank 1 at an initial temperature of 293 K and pressure. Deionized water at 293 K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 3 L / min to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction.

[0142] During the hydrogen release process, the solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen undergoes a desorption reaction at an initial temperature of 343K and a constant outlet pressure of 0.1MPa. Deionized water at 343K is introduced into the outer tank 2 at a flow rate of 0.48L / min to provide heat for the hydrogen desorption reaction.

[0143] The changes in various parameters within the reactor over time were obtained according to the simulation calculations of Example 1. For example... Figure 18 As shown in the figure, the hydrogen absorption capacity changes with time. After 621 seconds of the hydrogen absorption reaction starting, the hydrogen absorption capacity of the hydrogen storage alloy reactor reaches 90% of the maximum hydrogen absorption capacity. Figure 19 As shown, the curve of the inner tank temperature changes over time. The total time for the inner tank temperature to rise above 30K (323K) is 632s.

[0144] like Figure 20 As shown in the curve, the hydrogen release ratio changes with time. After 1160 s from the start of the hydrogen release reaction, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor releases 90% of the hydrogen gas.

[0145] As can be seen from the above embodiments and comparative examples, the hydrogen storage alloy reactor provided by the present invention has the effect of increasing the hydrogen absorption and desorption reaction rate and reducing the temperature of the tank container.

[0146] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above; however, the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, including combinations of various technical features in any other suitable manner. These simple modifications and combinations should also be considered as the content disclosed in the present invention and are all within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen storage alloy reactor, characterized in that, The reactor includes a vertically arranged inner tank (1) and an outer tank (2) fitted outside the inner tank (1). Along the vertical direction of the inner tank (1), multiple inner tank partitions (3) are horizontally arranged inside the inner tank (1). Along the vertical direction of the outer tank (2), multiple outer tank partitions (4) are horizontally arranged inside the outer tank (2). The inner tank partition (3) is provided with an opening (5) for the flow of hydrogen. The outer tank partition (4) is in the shape of a notched ring (6). The outer tank partition (4) is used for the flow of heat-conducting fluid. The heat-conducting fluid flows through the notched corner of the notched ring (6). The number of openings (5) is one, and the ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening (5) to the area of ​​the inner tank partition (3) is 0.01-0.2:1; The ratio of the distance between the center of the inner tank partition (3) and the center of the opening (5) to the inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 0.15-0.45:1; Based on the bottom inner tank partition (3), multiple inner tank partitions (3) rotate in the same direction for 90-180° along the axial direction of the inner tank (1); The arc of the missing corner ring (6) is 240-355°; Based on the bottom outer tank partition (4), multiple outer tank partitions (4) rotate in the same direction for 90-180° along the axial direction of the outer tank (2).

2. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The heights of the inner tank (1) and the outer tank (2) are each 50-2000 mm.

3. The reactor according to claim 2, wherein, The heights of the inner tank (1) and the outer tank (2) are each 150-800 mm.

4. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 5-80 mm.

5. The reactor according to claim 4, wherein, The inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 10-40 mm.

6. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The inner diameter of the outer tank (2) is 15-160mm.

7. The reactor according to claim 6, wherein, The inner diameter of the outer tank (2) is 30-90mm.

8. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the difference in inner diameter between the outer tank (2) and the inner tank (1) to the inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 0.2-3:

1.

9. The reactor according to claim 8, wherein, The ratio of the difference in inner diameter between the outer tank (2) and the inner tank (1) to the inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 0.35-2:

1.

10. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the opening area of ​​the opening (5) to the area of ​​the inner tank partition (3) is 0.04-0.1:

1.

11. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The diameter of the opening (5) is 2-20 mm.

12. The reactor according to claim 11, wherein, The diameter of the opening (5) is 2-15 mm.

13. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the distance between the center of the inner tank partition (3) and the center of the opening (5) to the inner diameter of the inner tank (1) is 0.2-0.35:

1.

14. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the bottom inner tank partition (3), multiple inner tank partitions (3) rotate in the same direction for 120-180° along the axial direction of the inner tank (1).

15. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the maximum distance between adjacent inner tank partitions (3) to the height of the inner tank (1) is 0.05-0.5:

1.

16. The reactor according to claim 15, wherein, The ratio of the maximum distance between the adjacent inner tank partitions (3) to the height of the inner tank (1) is 0.05-0.35:

1.

17. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The arc of the missing corner ring (6) is 300-345°.

18. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, Based on the bottom outer tank partition (4), multiple outer tank partitions (4) rotate sequentially in the same direction for 120-180° along the axial direction of the outer tank (2).

19. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The ratio of the maximum distance between adjacent outer tank partitions (4) to the height of the outer tank (2) is 0.05-0.5:

1.

20. The reactor according to claim 19, wherein, The ratio of the maximum distance between the adjacent outer tank partitions (4) to the height of the outer tank (2) is 0.08-0.25:

1.

21. The reactor according to claim 15, wherein, A solid hydrogen storage composite material is placed between the adjacent inner tank partitions (3), the solid hydrogen storage composite material including hydrogen storage alloy and / or thermally conductive material.

22. The reactor according to claim 21, wherein, The mass ratio of the hydrogen storage alloy to the thermally conductive material is 1:0.02-0.

1.

23. The reactor according to claim 21, wherein, The hydrogen storage alloy is selected from at least one of titanium-based hydrogen storage alloys, zirconium-based hydrogen storage alloys, vanadium-based hydrogen storage alloys, and rare earth-based hydrogen storage alloys.

24. The reactor according to claim 23, wherein, The thermally conductive material is selected from at least one of expanded graphite, thermally conductive fiber, graphite sheet, carbon nanotube, aluminum powder, copper powder, titanium powder, aluminum foam, nickel foam, and copper foam.

25. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The heat transfer fluid is selected from at least one of water, ethylene glycol, and heat transfer oil.

26. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The materials of the inner tank (1), outer tank (2), inner tank partition (3) and outer tank partition (4) are each independently selected from at least one of aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, copper alloy, carbon steel and stainless steel.

27. The reactor according to claim 1, wherein, The top of the inner tank (1) is provided with a gas pipe (7), which is used to introduce hydrogen into the inner tank (1) or release hydrogen from the inner tank (1).

28. The reactor according to claim 27, wherein, The air pipe (7) is equipped with a filter (8), which is a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body.

29. The reactor according to claim 28, wherein, The filter (8) is a copper-based and / or stainless steel-based porous sintered body formed by powder metallurgy.

30. The reactor according to claim 28, wherein, The filter (8) has an accuracy of 0.5-2 μm.

31. A method for storing and releasing hydrogen, wherein, The hydrogen storage and dehydrogenation processes are carried out in the hydrogen storage alloy reactor according to any one of claims 1-30, the method comprising: Hydrogen storage process: Hydrogen gas is introduced into the inner tank (1), and the hydrogen gas and the solid hydrogen storage composite material between the inner tank partition (3) undergo hydrogen absorption reaction. Heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank (2) to absorb the heat generated by the hydrogen absorption reaction. Hydrogen release process: The solid hydrogen storage composite material adsorbed with hydrogen is subjected to a desorption reaction, and then a heat-conducting fluid is introduced into the outer tank (2) to provide the heat required for the desorption reaction of hydrogen.

32. The method according to claim 31, wherein, During hydrogen storage, the conditions for the hydrogen absorption reaction include: a temperature of 10-50℃ and a pressure of 0.5-50MPa.

33. The method according to claim 31, wherein, During hydrogen storage, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 10-50℃, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.1-100L / min.

34. The method according to claim 31, wherein, During the hydrogen release process, the desorption reaction conditions include: a temperature of 30-200℃ and a pressure of 0.1-50MPa.

35. The method according to claim 31, wherein, During the hydrogen release process, the temperature of the heat transfer fluid is 30-200℃, and the flow rate of the heat transfer fluid is 0.05-100L / min.

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