A safety monitoring system, method, apparatus, electronic device, and storage medium

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of safety monitoring, and provides a safety monitoring system, method, device, electronic equipment and storage medium. The system comprises a monitoring management layer, a network communication layer, a data collection layer and a sensor layer. The sensor layer comprises a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating wire sensor arranged in a monitoring object. The near-field monitoring device comprises a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged in the monitoring object. The sensor layer is configured to collect and send vibration information of the monitoring object to the data collection layer by using the near-field monitoring device. The vibrating wire sensor is started by receiving and starting a high-frequency dynamic collection instruction sent by the data collection layer, and is configured to collect and send self-vibration frequency information to the data collection layer. The data collection layer is configured to establish communication with devices of the monitoring management layer through the network communication layer, and send the self-vibration frequency information to the monitoring management layer. The vibrating wire sensor can be triggered to perform monitoring, and the whole process of collecting dam body response of a seismic event is realized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure belongs to the field of safety monitoring, and particularly relates to a safety monitoring system, method, device, electronic device and storage medium. BACKGROUND

[0002] Chinese high arch dams are mostly located in high seismic intensity areas in the southwest region, and dam safety problems caused by earthquakes are particularly prominent. At the same time, the flood caused by the earthquake is also a serious secondary disaster, and the dynamic strain of the dam under the action of the earthquake is much higher than that under the flood discharge working condition. At present, in the safety monitoring engineering practice of high arch dams, a conventional dam automation monitoring system and a strong earthquake monitoring system independently operated are generally used for safety monitoring of hydraulic structures. The dam strong earthquake safety monitoring system is mainly used for recording the acceleration of dam vibration when the earthquake occurs, and the dynamic monitoring of deformation, stress and strain representing the structural state by the dam strong earthquake safety monitoring system is basically blank.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN113155186A discloses a dam safety monitoring management equipment and system, which monitors the deformation of the dam body, the surface joint and crack, the displacement data of the rock mass, high slope and landslide body near the dam, the uplift pressure, seepage flow and around-dam seepage data of the dam, the stress, strain and temperature data in the dam, and the water level, air temperature, water temperature and rainfall data in the dam area by using the environmental monitoring equipment. The water level monitoring equipment is used to monitor the water level data of the reservoir inlet station, and the monitoring data is uploaded to the dispatch center for storage. The superior unit communication module is used to transmit the monitoring information to the superior department and water information platform in real time, and the alarm module sends different levels of alarm information according to the limit value set by each measuring point, so that the engineers or operating personnel can obtain the dam condition information in time, and the dam can be repaired in time to improve the safety of the dam and avoid accidents. Different sensors are used to monitor different contents, and a machine learning method is used to establish a warning model to establish a warning standard according to different sensor data.

[0004] However, the patent cannot realize early warning when the earthquake comes and trigger high-frequency dynamic monitoring of the monitoring equipment in the dam. SUMMARY

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present disclosure provides a safety monitoring system, method, device, electronic device and storage medium, which uses vibration sensors and vibrating wire sensors arranged in the monitoring object. When an earthquake event occurs, the vibration sensors can trigger the vibrating wire sensors in the monitoring object to start high-frequency dynamic monitoring in advance, realizing the whole-process acquisition of the whole response of the monitoring object to the earthquake event.

[0006] In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a safety monitoring system, which adopts a distributed network structure and comprises a monitoring management layer, a network communication layer, a data acquisition layer and a sensor layer.

[0007] The monitoring management layer comprises a data server and a workstation; the monitoring management layer is configured to receive and manage monitoring data, analyze the safety of a monitored object structure using the monitoring data, and issue a monitoring warning based on the analysis result.

[0008] The network communication layer comprises a switch and an optical fiber transceiver; the network communication layer is configured to transmit monitoring data, which comprises vibration information of the monitored object and self-vibration frequency information.

[0009] The sensor layer comprises a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating string sensor arranged in the monitored object; the near-field monitoring device comprises a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged in the monitored object; the sensor layer is configured to collect and send the vibration information of the monitored object to the data acquisition layer using the near-field monitoring device; receive and start the vibrating string sensor according to the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction sent by the data acquisition layer, collect and send the self-vibration frequency information to the data acquisition layer using the vibrating string sensor, and the high frequency is greater than or equal to 50 Hz.

[0010] The data acquisition layer comprises a dynamic data acquisition device; the data acquisition layer is configured to receive the vibration information of the monitored object sent by the near-field monitoring device in the sensor layer; when it is determined that there is a seismic trigger according to the vibration information of the monitored object, send a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to the vibrating string sensor in the sensor layer, receive the self-vibration frequency information sent by the vibrating string sensor, and establish communication with the devices of the monitoring management layer through the network communication layer, and send the self-vibration frequency information to the monitoring management layer.

[0011] Further, the monitoring data further comprises far-field vibration information; and the sensor layer further comprises a far-field monitoring device.

[0012] The far-field monitoring device comprises a far-field vibration sensor and a seismic information processing unit, and the far-field vibration sensor is arranged in a ring around the monitored object, and the installation angle and the distance relative to the monitored object are set.

[0013] Further, the sensor layer is further configured to monitor the far-field vibration information using the far-field monitoring device and send the far-field vibration information to the data acquisition layer.

[0014] The data acquisition layer is further configured to receive the far-field vibration information sent by the far-field monitoring device in the sensor layer, and send a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to the vibrating string sensor in the sensor layer when it is determined that there is a seismic trigger according to the far-field vibration information.

[0015] Further, the monitored object vibration information and the far-field vibration information are specifically vibration time history signals, the vibration string sensors are multiple, and some of the vibration string sensors are arranged at key positions of the monitored object.

[0016] The far-field monitoring device and the near-field monitoring device are specifically configured to respectively collect vibration time history signals at specified frequencies uninterruptedly and send the vibration time history signals to the dynamic data acquisition device.

[0017] The dynamic data acquisition device is specifically configured to receive and analyze the vibration time history signals, send a seismic trigger information to the near-field monitoring center when it is determined that there is a seismic trigger based on the analysis of the vibration time history signals, send a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to the vibration string sensors arranged at the key positions, and instruct the vibration string sensors at the key positions to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of the self-vibration frequency information for a preset acquisition time length when it is determined that the seismic trigger information is from the near-field vibration sensor.

[0018] Further, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically further configured to determine whether the seismic trigger information sent by the far-field monitoring device or the near-field monitoring device is received within a set time period after the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction is sent to the vibration string sensors arranged at the key positions, send a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to all the vibration string sensors if yes, and send a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to the vibration string sensors arranged at the key positions if no.

[0019] Further, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically further configured to send a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to all the vibration string sensors and instruct all the vibration string sensors to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of the self-vibration frequency information for a preset acquisition time length when it is determined that the seismic trigger information is not from the near-field vibration sensor.

[0020] Further, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically further configured to send a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction to all the vibration string sensors when the near-field vibration sensor does not meet the seismic trigger condition in real time within a set short time window after the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition instruction is sent to all the vibration string sensors.

[0021] Further, the dynamic data acquisition device is further configured to cancel a sweep excitation used for static measurement of the vibration string sensors when a seismic trigger occurs, and instead use a same-frequency and same-phase excitation technology to compress a measurement period and improve a sampling rate.

[0022] Further, the far-field vibration sensor includes an acceleration sensor; when there is bedrock in a topographic and geological condition, the acceleration sensor is arranged on the bedrock; the sensor layer has multiple groups of far-field monitoring devices; each group of far-field monitoring devices includes J acceleration sensors arranged at a set interval, and J is greater than or equal to 2.

[0023] The near-field vibration sensor includes an H-branch accelerometer, where H is greater than or equal to 2.

[0024] This disclosure also provides a security monitoring method, which is based on the above-mentioned security monitoring system and includes:

[0025] A dynamic online simulation model of the monitored object is constructed to obtain the mapping relationship between the mechanical parameters of the monitored object and the first p-order modal results, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5;

[0026] Using the acquired natural frequency information, runtime modal analysis is performed on the mapping relationship to identify the first q modal parameters of the monitored object, where q is less than or equal to p;

[0027] Based on the identified first q-order modal parameters of the monitored object and the surrogate model, the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state are obtained through inversion analysis of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object.

[0028] The mechanical parameters of the monitored object in the engineering design data or historical data are compared with the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state to obtain the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object. When the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object exceeds the set change threshold, a monitoring early warning information is issued.

[0029] This disclosure also provides a safety monitoring device based on any of the above-mentioned systems, comprising: a construction unit, a runtime modal analysis unit, an inversion analysis unit, and a monitoring and early warning unit;

[0030] The building unit is used to construct an online simulation model for dynamic monitoring of the monitored object, and obtain the mapping relationship between the mechanical parameters of the monitored object and the first p-order modal results, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5;

[0031] The runtime modal analysis unit is used to perform runtime modal analysis on the mapping relationship using the acquired natural frequency information, and to identify the first q modal parameters of the monitored object, where q is less than or equal to p;

[0032] The inversion analysis unit is used to perform inversion analysis on the mechanical parameters of the monitored object based on the identified first q-order modal parameters and surrogate model, so as to obtain the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state.

[0033] The monitoring and early warning unit is used to compare the mechanical parameters of the monitored object in the engineering design data or historical data with the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state, obtain the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object, and issue a monitoring and early warning information when the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object exceeds the set change threshold.

[0034] This disclosure also provides an electronic device, including a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus;

[0035] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0036] When a processor executes a program stored in memory, it implements the above method steps.

[0037] This disclosure also provides a computer storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-described method steps.

[0038] Compared with the prior art, this disclosure has the following advantages:

[0039] (1) By using a vibration sensor and a vibrating wire sensor, the vibrating wire sensor inside the monitoring object can be dynamically monitored in advance when an earthquake event occurs, so as to realize the whole process of the earthquake event monitoring object response.

[0040] (2) By utilizing the near-field + far-field configuration of vibration sensors, the time margin and forecast accuracy of earthquake early warning for monitored objects are effectively improved.

[0041] (3) Using the same frequency and phase excitation of the dynamic acquisition device and the dynamic-static combination monitoring technology, dynamic monitoring of the vibrating wire sensor that has been buried during the construction period is realized. Here, the monitoring frequency of dynamic monitoring is greater than or equal to 50Hz.

[0042] (4) Combining runtime modal analysis and proxy model, we can realize real-time monitoring of the mechanical parameters of the object and use modal parameters to promptly discover and warn of potential dangers in the operation of the monitored object.

[0043] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the disclosure. The objects and other advantages of this disclosure may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0044] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this disclosure. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0045] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a dam monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0046] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a dam section according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0047] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the arrangement of far-field seismic monitoring points according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0048] Figure 4 A flowchart of dynamic monitoring of dam safety according to an embodiment of this disclosure is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0049] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this disclosure clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this disclosure, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0050] This disclosure proposes a security monitoring system, which adopts a distributed network structure and includes: a monitoring management layer, a network communication layer, a data acquisition layer, and a sensor layer;

[0051] The monitoring management layer includes a data server and a workstation; the monitoring management layer is used to receive and manage monitoring data, analyze the structural safety of the monitored object using the monitoring data, and issue monitoring early warning information based on the analysis results.

[0052] The network communication layer includes a switch and an optical fiber transceiver; the network communication layer is used to transmit monitoring data, which includes: vibration information and natural frequency information of the monitored object;

[0053] The sensor layer includes a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating wire sensor arranged within the monitored object; the near-field monitoring device includes a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged within the monitored object; the sensor layer is used to collect and send vibration information of the monitored object to the data acquisition layer using the near-field monitoring device; receive and activate the vibrating wire sensor according to the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command sent by the data acquisition layer, and collect and send the natural frequency information of the vibrating wire sensor to the data acquisition layer, wherein the high frequency is a frequency greater than or equal to 50Hz;

[0054] The data acquisition layer includes a dynamic data acquisition device; the data acquisition layer is used to receive vibration information of the monitored object sent by the near-field monitoring device in the sensor layer; when it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the vibration information of the monitored object, a high-frequency dynamic acquisition start command is sent to the vibrating wire sensor in the sensor layer, the natural frequency information sent by the vibrating wire sensor is received, and communication is established with the equipment of the monitoring management layer through the network communication layer to send the natural frequency information to the monitoring management layer.

[0055] Furthermore, the monitoring data also includes far-field vibration information; the sensor layer also includes a far-field monitoring device;

[0056] The far-field monitoring device includes a far-field vibration sensor and a seismic information processing unit. The far-field vibration sensor is arranged with the monitoring object as the center, and the installation angle and distance relative to the monitoring object are set in the circumferential direction.

[0057] Furthermore, the sensor layer is also used to monitor far-field vibration information using a far-field monitoring device and send it to the data acquisition layer;

[0058] The data acquisition layer is also used to receive far-field vibration information sent by the far-field monitoring device of the sensor layer, and when it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the far-field vibration information, it sends a high-frequency dynamic acquisition start command to the vibrating wire sensor of the sensor layer.

[0059] Furthermore, the vibration information of the monitored object and the far-field vibration information are specifically vibration time history signals, and there are multiple vibrating wire sensors, with some vibrating wire sensors arranged in key parts of the monitored object;

[0060] The far-field monitoring device and the near-field monitoring device are specifically used to continuously collect vibration time history signals at a specified frequency and send them to the dynamic data acquisition device.

[0061] The dynamic data acquisition device is specifically used to receive and analyze vibration time history signals. When it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the analysis of the vibration time history signals, the earthquake trigger message is sent to the near-field monitoring center. When it is determined that the earthquake trigger message comes from the near-field vibration sensor, a high-frequency dynamic acquisition command is sent to the vibrating wire sensor arranged in the key part, and the vibrating wire sensor in the key part is instructed to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of natural frequency information for a preset acquisition time.

[0062] Furthermore, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically used to determine whether an earthquake triggering message sent by a far-field monitoring device or a near-field monitoring device is received within a set time period after sending a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to the vibrating wire sensors arranged in key locations. If yes, it sends a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors; if no, it sends a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to the vibrating wire sensors arranged in key locations.

[0063] Furthermore, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically used to send a high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors when it is determined that the earthquake triggering message does not come from the near-field vibration sensor, and instruct all vibrating wire sensors to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of natural frequency information for a preset acquisition duration.

[0064] Furthermore, the dynamic data acquisition device is specifically used to send a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors after sending a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors and, when analyzing in real time within a set short-time window that the near-field vibration sensors do not meet the earthquake triggering conditions, to send a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors.

[0065] Furthermore, the dynamic data acquisition device is also used to reduce the measurement cycle and increase the sampling rate by canceling the frequency sweep excitation used for static measurement of the vibrating wire sensor and instead adopting the same frequency and phase excitation technology when an earthquake is triggered.

[0066] Furthermore, the far-field vibration sensor includes an accelerometer; when there is bedrock in the terrain and geological conditions, the accelerometer is arranged on the bedrock; the sensor layer has multiple sets of far-field monitoring devices; each set of far-field monitoring devices includes J accelerometers with an adjacent set spacing, where J is greater than or equal to 2;

[0067] The near-field vibration sensor includes an H-branch accelerometer, where H is greater than or equal to 2.

[0068] The monitoring object in this disclosure can be a dam, or it can be a geological feature or a building; there is no limitation on this. The following description uses a dam as an example to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a monitoring system structure according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. The schematic diagram of the monitoring system of the present invention adopts a distributed network structure, including a monitoring management layer 11, a network communication layer, a data acquisition layer 12, and a sensor layer 13.

[0070] The monitoring and management layer includes equipment such as data server 111 and workstation 112, and is equipped with software for managing and analyzing dynamic monitoring data of dam structural safety. The network communication layer includes switches and fiber optic transceivers; the data acquisition layer includes dynamic data acquisition device 121.

[0071] The monitoring management layer 11 and the data acquisition layer 12 adopt a communication network with a bus or star topology. The overall monitoring data transmission adopts a combination of wired communication and wireless communication, with the wired method as the main channel using fiber optic Ethernet communication and the wireless method as a backup channel, giving full play to the advantages of each network structure.

[0072] The sensor layer 13 includes a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating wire sensor arranged in the dam body; the near-field monitoring device 131 includes a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged in the dam body.

[0073] The monitoring management layer 11 is used to receive and manage monitoring data, analyze the structural safety of the dam using the monitoring data, and issue monitoring early warning information based on the analysis results.

[0074] The network communication layer is used to transmit monitoring data, which includes: dam vibration information and natural frequency information;

[0075] The sensor layer 13 includes a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating wire sensor arranged within the dam body; the near-field monitoring device includes a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged within the dam body; the sensor layer 13 is used to collect and send dam body vibration information to the data acquisition layer using the near-field monitoring device; receive and activate the vibrating wire sensor according to the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command sent by the data acquisition layer, and collect and send natural frequency information to the data acquisition layer using the vibrating wire sensor.

[0076] The data acquisition layer 12 is used to receive dam vibration information sent by the near-field monitoring device in the sensor layer; when it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the dam vibration information, it sends a high-frequency dynamic acquisition start command to the vibrating wire sensor in the sensor layer, receives the natural frequency information sent by the vibrating wire sensor, establishes communication with the monitoring management layer through the network communication layer, and sends the natural frequency information to the monitoring management layer.

[0077] The vibrating wire sensors, including joint gauges, strain gauges, and rebar stress gauges, are used to dynamically monitor the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of the dam's concrete. During dam construction, a large number of traditional safety monitoring sensors are embedded within the dam for static monitoring of its structural morphology. After completion, it is generally impossible to add new dedicated monitoring sensors within the dam. Vibrating wire sensors are among the most widely used monitoring sensors in the field of dam safety monitoring. Ideally, to continue dynamic real-time monitoring of the dam's structural morphology during seismic events, it is best to fully utilize these existing traditional vibrating wire sensors. A schematic diagram of the dam section is shown below. Figure 2 As shown.

[0078] Considering that the dam structure will vibrate under seismic conditions, causing rapid changes in the opening and closing of transverse joints between dam sections, and that the deformation of the mid-to-high elevation joints of the arched beam dam section may be relatively large due to the whiplash effect, for Figure 2 For the dam, 10 transverse joint gauges at different elevations of 600-650m near section 15 of the dam were selected for dynamic monitoring.

[0079] To capture the dynamic mechanical response characteristics of concrete in the strongly confined zone of the dam body under seismic conditions, for Figure 2 Eight sets of five-axis strain gauges at elevations of 350m to 410m were selected from dam sections 8#, 9#, 20#, and 21# and connected to the dynamic monitoring system.

[0080] Because stress is generally concentrated at dam orifices, and load changes are complex during gate operation and earthquakes, it is crucial to understand the stress changes in the concrete reinforcement at dam orifices under seismic conditions. Figure 2 In the dam, 220 steel stress gauges near each orifice were selected and connected to the dynamic monitoring system.

[0081] The vibration sensor includes an accelerometer and the like, which is responsible for vibration sensing and is used to trigger the dynamic monitoring of the vibrating wire sensor.

[0082] To ensure effective triggering of the vibrating wire sensor for dynamic monitoring during an earthquake, the whiplash effect at the arched beam is considered. Figure 2 Two accelerometers were installed on the dam within the dam section 11 to 18 at an elevation of 600 to 650 meters.

[0083] Furthermore, to capture the dam's vibration response at the initial moment of an earthquake and achieve dynamic monitoring of the dam throughout the entire earthquake process, the sensor layer 13 preferably also includes a far-field monitoring device 133. This far-field monitoring device includes far-field vibration sensors and a seismic information processing unit. The far-field vibration sensors are arranged at predetermined angles and distances around the dam. Multiple sets of far-field monitoring devices 133 can be used. Each far-field vibration sensor includes an accelerometer, and each set can selectively deploy 2-3 accelerometers at intervals (e.g., a spacing of 500m, depending on site conditions) to avoid false triggering. Accelerometer deployment should consider topographical and geological conditions, ideally on bedrock. The seismic information processing unit collects and processes seismic wave information, comprehensively judging P-wave events by calculating whether the ratio of the sliding short-term average (STA) and sliding long-term average (LTA) of the vibration time history information in three directions from the far-field monitoring device's accelerometers exceeds a threshold.

[0084] like Figure 3As shown, upstream far-field monitoring points U1 and U2 are selected on both sides of the upstream reservoir area, and downstream monitoring points D1 and D2 are selected on both sides of the downstream riverbank. Monitoring points W and E on both sides are selected along the transverse river direction. M1 to M4 are selected as supplementary monitoring points between the upstream and downstream monitoring points and the monitoring points on both sides. The distance between each monitoring point and the center of the dam is R (the distances between the monitoring points do not need to be equal). Considering the earthquake early warning blind zone, R should not be less than 15km, and it is recommended to select points within the range of 15 to 30km.

[0085] The dam safety monitoring method of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0086] S1. Construct an online simulation model for dynamic monitoring of the dam.

[0087] Several finite element simulation models were established based on engineering survey and design data. The dam was divided into three distinct parts according to the different concrete grades during construction. The mechanical parameters of the dam are shown in Table 1. The elastic moduli of the three dam sections are assumed to be parameters to be inverted, and their ranges are roughly determined based on engineering experience. The specific parameters of the aforementioned finite element simulation models can be determined using experimental design methods, such as Latin hypercube sampling.

[0088] Table 1. Mechanical parameters of the dam

[0089]

[0090] Finite element transient dynamic analysis was performed on the above-mentioned finite element simulation models to obtain the dynamic response of the arch dam under earthquake, and then the acceleration time history signals of the monitoring points were obtained. Based on modal analysis, the p-th order low-order modes (p = 3-5) of the dam front were obtained. The dam mechanical parameters and low-order modal results of the above-mentioned finite element simulation models were used as sample data and stored in the dynamic monitoring online database. Based on the sample data in the database, a mapping relationship between the dam mechanical parameters and the low-order modal results was constructed using surrogate models (Kriging model, RBF model, RSA model, etc.).

[0091] S2. Triggering mechanism of vibrating wire sensor combined with near-field and far-field monitoring of dam.

[0092] Seismic event detection is achieved by combining near-field and far-field vibration sensors of the dam, including S201 data acquisition, S202 vibration time history signal analysis, and S203 seismic event confirmation.

[0093] S201. Data Acquisition

[0094] Activate the near-field and far-field vibration sensors to continuously acquire data at a specified sampling frequency (e.g., 200Hz).

[0095] S202. Vibration Time History Signal Analysis

[0096] (1) Near-field vibration sensor

[0097] Based on the site conditions, two accelerometers were deployed within the dam section (sections 11-18) at an elevation of 600-650m to detect vibration. Amplitude triggering was proposed, with an acceleration of 0.1g as the trigger point. The vibration was detected through coordinated detection by both sensors, meaning both sensors achieved an acceleration amplitude of 0.98 m / s². 2 The system is designed to detect earthquakes in order to reduce false triggering.

[0098] (2) Far-field vibration sensor

[0099] Vibration status is sensed using a circumferentially deployed far-field monitoring device, with P-wave phase picking as the triggering method. The P-wave phase picking method employed can be the long-short time window average (STA / LTA) method, the AIC criterion method, etc. Taking the long-short time window average (STA / LTA) method as an example, the P-wave event is comprehensively judged by calculating whether the ratio of the sliding short time window average (STA) to the sliding long time window average (LTA) of the vibration time history information in three directions from the far-field monitoring device's accelerometer exceeds a threshold.

[0100]

[0101] In the formula, S(n) represents the vibration time history signal data in any X / Y / Z direction; n is i-N+1; N and M are the number of sampling points for the short-term and long-term time windows, respectively, which can be 2 seconds and 60 seconds of sampling data; i is the sampling sequence number; R is the ratio of the long and short time windows, and the threshold can be 5 (determined in conjunction with field data). When R exceeds the threshold, it is determined to be an earthquake event.

[0102] S203. Vibrating wire sensor trigger.

[0103] (1) The earthquake triggering message comes from the far-field monitoring device.

[0104] Activate the vibrating wire sensors at key locations and perform high-frequency dynamic data acquisition for a preset acquisition duration Tset. Check whether an earthquake trigger message is received from a nearby far-field monitoring device or near-field accelerometer within the time interval Δt. If received, activate the vibrating wire sensors across the entire dam body and perform high-frequency dynamic data acquisition for the preset acquisition duration Tset. If no message is received, or if it is not an earthquake event or the earthquake has ended, stop the high-frequency dynamic data acquisition by the vibrating wire sensors.

[0105] (2) The earthquake triggering message comes from the near-field accelerometer.

[0106] Activate the vibrating wire sensor across the entire dam body and perform high-frequency dynamic data acquisition for a preset acquisition duration Tset. Set a short-time window to analyze the near-field acceleration sensor in real time and determine whether the vibration time history signal meets the trigger conditions; if it does, continue high-frequency dynamic acquisition. If it does not meet the conditions, consider it a non-seismic event or the earthquake has ended, and stop the high-frequency dynamic acquisition of the vibrating wire sensor.

[0107] This disclosure controls the high-frequency dynamic acquisition time of the vibrating wire sensor, which can effectively extend the service life of the vibrating wire sensor.

[0108] The detailed process is as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the above process is the dynamic data acquisition process, which involves analyzing near-field vibration sensors and far-field sensors.

[0109] S204. Dynamic Monitoring System Self-Test

[0110] When the seismic signal source is determined to be the near-field accelerometer sensor that started first, if some far-field monitoring devices are not started, check the operation of the corresponding far-field monitoring devices; when the seismic signal source is determined to be the far-field monitoring device that started first, first check the start-up status of the devices near the first far-field monitoring point that started first, then check the start-up status of other far-field monitoring points, and finally check the start-up status of the near-field accelerometer sensor.

[0111] S3. Dynamic acquisition by vibrating wire sensor

[0112] S301. Dynamic Monitoring Technology

[0113] When an earthquake event is detected, the dynamic data acquisition device triggers the vibrating wire sensors inside the dam to perform dynamic monitoring at a specified frequency (50Hz or higher).

[0114] In order to obtain a higher sampling rate during dynamic measurement, the dynamic data acquisition device cancels the frequency sweep excitation commonly used in static measurement of vibrating wire sensors and instead adopts the same frequency and phase excitation technology to compress the measurement cycle.

[0115] The excitation signal output is achieved using a DAC, which can output a sinusoidal signal of any frequency at any starting position, meeting the requirements of in-phase and in-frequency excitation technology.

[0116] The aforementioned in-phase and frequency-synchronous excitation technique uses a single-pulse wave close to the resonance frequency (measured by the spectrum method) to maintain the resonance state of the steel string. The key lies in the phase control and timing of the excitation wave. If the frequency or phase of the excitation is inconsistent with the movement of the steel string, the resonance will weaken.

[0117] The concept of "same frequency" refers to an excitation frequency that is close enough to the resonant frequency. Since the resonant frequency of the sensor changes with the measured physical quantity, the frequency used for same-frequency excitation is the most recent resonant frequency measurement during the dynamic measurement process. Between adjacent excitation windows, the motion of the steel string can be sampled to determine the resonant frequency. The excitation is adjusted based on the newly calculated resonant frequency to track changes in the steel string's resonant frequency. The excitation system needs to have excellent frequency resolution to accurately track subtle changes in the resonant frequency. Within the sampling window, only a small number of oscillation waveforms are needed to determine the steel string's resonant frequency. Compared to static measurement techniques, spectral analysis algorithms can accurately measure the frequency of the steel string using fewer oscillation waveforms.

[0118] The concept of in-phase excitation refers to the excitation signal having the same phase as the movement phase of the steel string, i.e., applying excitation in the direction of the steel string's movement. The core of in-phase excitation is obtaining the real-time movement phase of the steel string. Various methods can be used to obtain the real-time movement phase of the steel string; examples of implementation methods are as follows:

[0119] (1) Calculate phase using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT)

[0120] FFT can calculate both frequency and phase. First, the ADC samples the steel string motion signal and obtains a set of discrete data. The initial sampling time T0 is known. Then, FFT calculates the discrete data to obtain the phase of the first data, so the running phase of the steel string at time T0 can be known. Assuming the excitation time is T1, the steel string motion phase at time T1 can be obtained based on the steel string motion frequency calculated by FFT, the time difference between T1 and T2, and the phase at time T0.

[0121] (2) Analyze the ADC sampling data to obtain the phase

[0122] First, the ADC samples the steel string motion signal and obtains a set of discrete data. The initial sampling time T0 is known. Then, the steel string motion frequency is calculated by FFT. Based on the ADC sampling rate and the steel string motion frequency, there are N sampling points in one steel string motion cycle. The phase difference between two adjacent sampling points is 360° / N. Then, the discrete data is analyzed to find that the Mth point after time T0 is a maximum or minimum value. The running phase of the steel string at time T0 can then be deduced.

[0123] (3) Phase is obtained by hardware comparator triggering method

[0124] The motion signal of the steel string is a sine wave. By comparing this signal with the zero-point voltage, two phase trigger signals, 0° and 180°, can be obtained.

[0125] S302. Dynamic and static combination technology

[0126] Furthermore, to ensure greater applicability, this invention allows for flexible switching between dynamic and static measurements. Static measurements are used for routine monitoring, while dynamic measurements are used during earthquake events.

[0127] The combination of static and dynamic operation is divided into two working conditions:

[0128] (1) Static measurement without dynamic measurement

[0129] Under this condition, the device will initiate a 1-second dynamic measurement and then perform an arithmetic average of the measurement data to use as static measurement data.

[0130] (2) Static measurement during dynamic measurement process

[0131] Under this condition, the device will extract 1 second of dynamic measurement data and perform an arithmetic average to use as static measurement data.

[0132] The internal storage area is divided into a static data storage area and a dynamic data storage area to ensure that the partitioned storage does not interfere with each other.

[0133] S4. Modal parameter identification during dam operation

[0134] The signals obtained by the dynamic monitoring of the vibrating wire sensor are subjected to runtime modal analysis to identify the four modal parameters in front of the dam. The identified modal parameters can be used to identify subsequent mechanical parameters.

[0135] Runtime modal analysis (MMD) methods identify structural modal parameters solely based on structural vibration response, without requiring excitation signals. Therefore, they are widely applicable to health monitoring of structures such as bridges, high-rise buildings, and dams. Over the past few decades, MMD has evolved into various methods, including those in the frequency and time domains. Taking the Cov-SSI algorithm as an example, as a time-domain identification method, it exhibits good noise resistance and high accuracy, making it one of the most widely used MMD methods.

[0136] The discrete state-space equation of a vibration system can be expressed as:

[0137]

[0138] In the formula, M, C, and K are the mass matrix, damping matrix, and stiffness matrix of the system, respectively; z(t) represents the acceleration vector, velocity vector, and displacement vector of the discrete system, respectively; F(t) represents the excitation vector.

[0139] By introducing a state vector The vibration system (2) can be transformed into the corresponding state space:

[0140]

[0141] In the formula, A and C are the discrete-time system matrix and the discrete-time output matrix, respectively.

[0142] After obtaining A and C from the state equation, perform eigenvalue decomposition on A:

[0143] A=ΦΛΦ -1 (4)

[0144] In the formula, Λ is the eigenvalue matrix, and Φ is the eigenvector matrix. Arranging the diagonal elements of Λ in ascending order, the modal parameters of the structure are:

[0145]

[0146] φ j =Cγ j (8)

[0147] Where, μ j γ is the j-th eigenvalue of A. j It is the corresponding feature vector, Δt is the sampling time interval, and f j ξ j and φ j These are the modal frequency, damping ratio, and mode shape vector, respectively.

[0148] S5. Dam Mechanical Parameter Inversion Analysis Based on Runtime Modal Analysis and Surrogate Model

[0149] The dam's mechanical parameters were inverted by combining intelligent optimization algorithms (adaptive grid search algorithm, GA genetic algorithm, etc.) with modal parameters identified by Cov-SSI.

[0150] The inversion of the dam's mechanical parameters can be transformed into an optimization problem: finding a set of solutions within the allowable parameter domain such that the structural response characteristics under these parameters most closely approximate the observed characteristics. The observed characteristics are the modal parameters identified through vibration signals, and the objective function in the optimization, which measures the distance between these characteristics, is:

[0151]

[0152] In the formula, θ represents the structural mechanical parameters to be inverted; and These represent the i-th order frequency and mode shape of the modal parameters identified through the vibration signal, respectively; while f i (θ) and φ i (θ) represent the i-th order frequency and mode shape of the structural modal parameters obtained through finite element analysis; α i and β i These are the weight coefficients for distinct terms. Parameter inversion is equivalent to solving an optimization problem:

[0153]

[0154] Among them, D θ This indicates the allowed range of values ​​for mechanical parameters.

[0155] S6. Risk Identification Based on Dam Mechanical Parameter Inversion Analysis

[0156] Using the aforementioned inversion analysis method, the dam's mechanical parameters under current operating conditions are obtained. Based on engineering design data or historical data, by comparing the changes in dam mechanical parameters, thresholds such as relative change rates can be set to identify dam operational risk. When these thresholds are exceeded, timely monitoring and early warnings are issued.

[0157] The aforementioned safety monitoring method is also known as:

[0158] An online simulation model for dynamic monitoring of the dam is constructed to obtain the mapping relationship between the dam's mechanical parameters and the results of the first p-order modes, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5;

[0159] The mapping relationship is analyzed by using the acquired dynamic monitoring signals from the vibrating wire sensor to identify the q-th order modal parameters in front of the dam, where q is less than or equal to p;

[0160] Based on the identified q-order modal parameters of the dam front and the surrogate model, the mechanical parameters of the dam under the current operating state are obtained through inversion analysis of the dam mechanical parameters.

[0161] By comparing the dam's mechanical parameters in engineering design data or historical data with the dam's mechanical parameters under current operating conditions, the change value of the dam's mechanical parameters is obtained. When the change value of the dam's mechanical parameters exceeds the set change threshold, a monitoring and early warning information is issued.

[0162] Based on the above disclosure, the present invention also provides a dam safety monitoring device suitable for earthquake conditions, applied in the monitoring management layer, including: a construction unit, a runtime modal analysis unit, an inversion analysis unit, and a monitoring and early warning unit;

[0163] The building unit is used to construct an online simulation model for dynamic monitoring of the dam, and to obtain the mapping relationship between the dam's mechanical parameters and the first p-order modal results, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5;

[0164] The runtime modal analysis unit is used to perform runtime modal analysis on the mapping relationship using the acquired dynamic monitoring signals from the vibrating wire sensor, and to identify the q-th order modal parameters in front of the dam, where q is less than or equal to p;

[0165] The inversion analysis unit is used to perform inversion analysis on the dam mechanical parameters based on the identified q-order modal parameters and surrogate model, and to obtain the dam mechanical parameters under the current operating state.

[0166] The monitoring and early warning unit is used to compare the dam mechanical parameters in the engineering design data or historical data with the dam mechanical parameters under the current operating conditions to obtain the change value of the dam mechanical parameters. When the change value of the dam mechanical parameters exceeds the set change threshold, a monitoring and early warning information is issued.

[0167] The dynamic monitoring signal obtained by the vibrating wire sensor mentioned above can be described from an information perspective as the natural frequency information of the vibrating wire sent by the vibrating wire sensor.

[0168] Based on the above disclosure, the present invention also provides an electronic device. The electronic device of this embodiment includes at least one processor and at least one storage medium electrically connected to the processor. The storage medium is electrically connected to the processor, wherein the storage medium stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method described above.

[0169] Based on the same inventive concept, the present invention also provides a storage medium storing instructions executable by the at least one processor, the instructions being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the method as described above.

[0170] The advantages of this disclosed embodiment are as follows: (1) By using a vibration sensor and a vibrating wire sensor, dynamic monitoring of the vibrating wire sensor on the dam body can be triggered in advance when an earthquake event occurs, realizing the acquisition of the entire process of the dam body response during an earthquake event. (2) By utilizing the near-field and far-field configuration of the vibration sensor, the time margin and prediction accuracy of the dam earthquake early warning are effectively improved. (3) By using the same frequency and phase excitation of the dynamic acquisition device and the dynamic-static combination monitoring technology, dynamic monitoring of the vibrating wire sensors (frequency greater than or equal to 50Hz) already buried during the construction period can be realized. (4) By combining operational modal analysis and surrogate models, real-time inversion analysis of dam mechanical parameters can be realized, and potential dangers in dam operation can be detected and warned in a timely manner using modal parameters.

[0171] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A safety monitoring system, characterized in that, The system adopts a distributed network structure, including: a monitoring and management layer, a network communication layer, a data acquisition layer, and a sensor layer; The monitoring management layer includes a data server and a workstation; the monitoring management layer is used to receive and manage monitoring data, analyze the structural safety of the monitored object using the monitoring data, and issue monitoring early warning information based on the analysis results. The network communication layer includes a switch and an optical fiber transceiver; the network communication layer is used to transmit monitoring data, which includes: vibration information and natural frequency information of the monitored object; The sensor layer includes a near-field monitoring device and a vibrating wire sensor arranged within the monitored object; the near-field monitoring device includes a near-field monitoring center and a near-field vibration sensor arranged within the monitored object; the sensor layer is used to collect and send vibration information of the monitored object to the data acquisition layer using the near-field monitoring device; receive and activate the vibrating wire sensor according to the start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command sent by the data acquisition layer, and collect and send the natural frequency information of the vibrating wire sensor to the data acquisition layer, wherein the high frequency is a frequency greater than or equal to 50Hz; The data acquisition layer includes a dynamic data acquisition device; the data acquisition layer is used to receive vibration information of the monitored object sent by the near-field monitoring device in the sensor layer; when it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the vibration information of the monitored object, a high-frequency dynamic acquisition start command is sent to the vibrating wire sensor in the sensor layer, the natural frequency information sent by the vibrating wire sensor is received, and communication is established with the equipment of the monitoring management layer through the network communication layer to send the natural frequency information to the monitoring management layer.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring data also includes far-field vibration information; the sensor layer also includes a far-field monitoring device. The far-field monitoring device includes a far-field vibration sensor and a seismic information processing unit. The far-field vibration sensor is arranged with the monitoring object as the center, and the installation angle and distance relative to the monitoring object are set in the circumferential direction.

3. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sensor layer is also used to monitor far-field vibration information using a far-field monitoring device and send it to the data acquisition layer; The data acquisition layer is also used to receive far-field vibration information sent by the far-field monitoring device of the sensor layer, and when it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the far-field vibration information, it sends a high-frequency dynamic acquisition start command to the vibrating wire sensor of the sensor layer.

4. The system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The vibration information of the monitored object and the far-field vibration information are specifically vibration time history signals. There are multiple vibrating wire sensors, and some vibrating wire sensors are arranged in key parts of the monitored object. The far-field monitoring device and the near-field monitoring device are specifically used to continuously collect vibration time history signals at a specified frequency and send them to the dynamic data acquisition device. The dynamic data acquisition device is specifically used to receive and analyze vibration time history signals. When it is determined that an earthquake has been triggered based on the analysis of the vibration time history signals, the earthquake trigger message is sent to the near-field monitoring center. When it is determined that the earthquake trigger message comes from the near-field vibration sensor, a high-frequency dynamic acquisition command is sent to the vibrating wire sensor arranged in the key part, and the vibrating wire sensor in the key part is instructed to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of natural frequency information for a preset acquisition time.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic data acquisition device is further configured to, after sending a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to the vibrating wire sensors located at key locations, determine whether an earthquake triggering message sent by a far-field monitoring device or a near-field monitoring device has been received within a set time period. If so, a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command is sent to all vibrating wire sensors; otherwise, a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition command is sent to the vibrating wire sensors located at key locations.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The dynamic data acquisition device is further configured to send a high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors when it is determined that the earthquake triggering message does not come from the near-field vibration sensor, and instruct all vibrating wire sensors to perform high-frequency dynamic acquisition of natural frequency information for a preset acquisition duration.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The dynamic data acquisition device is further configured to send a stop high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors after sending a start high-frequency dynamic acquisition command to all vibrating wire sensors and, after setting a short-time window for real-time analysis, if the near-field vibration sensors do not meet the earthquake triggering conditions.

8. The system according to any one of claims 4-7, characterized in that, The dynamic data acquisition device is also used to reduce the measurement cycle and increase the sampling rate when an earthquake is triggered by canceling the frequency sweep excitation used for static measurement of the vibrating wire sensor and instead using the same frequency and phase excitation technology.

9. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The far-field vibration sensor includes an accelerometer; when there is bedrock in the terrain and geological conditions, the accelerometer is arranged on the bedrock; the sensor layer has multiple sets of far-field monitoring devices; each set of far-field monitoring devices includes J accelerometers with an adjacent set spacing, where J is greater than or equal to 2; The near-field vibration sensor includes an H-branch accelerometer, where H is greater than or equal to 2.

10. A safety monitoring method, characterized in that, The method, based on the system of any one of claims 1-9, includes: A dynamic online simulation model of the monitored object is constructed to obtain the mapping relationship between the mechanical parameters of the monitored object and the first p-order modal results, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5; Using the acquired natural frequency information, runtime modal analysis is performed on the mapping relationship to identify the first q modal parameters of the monitored object, where q is less than or equal to p; Based on the identified first q-order modal parameters of the monitored object and the surrogate model, the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state are obtained through inversion analysis of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object. The mechanical parameters of the monitored object in the engineering design data or historical data are compared with the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state to obtain the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object. When the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object exceeds the set change threshold, a monitoring early warning information is issued.

11. A safety monitoring device, characterized in that, The device is based on the system described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising: a construction unit, a runtime modal analysis unit, an inversion analysis unit, and a monitoring and early warning unit; The building unit is used to construct an online simulation model for dynamic monitoring of the monitored object, and obtain the mapping relationship between the mechanical parameters of the monitored object and the first p-order modal results, where p is greater than or equal to 3 and less than or equal to 5; The runtime modal analysis unit is used to perform runtime modal analysis on the mapping relationship using the acquired natural frequency information, and to identify the first q modal parameters of the monitored object, where q is less than or equal to p; The inversion analysis unit is used to perform inversion analysis on the mechanical parameters of the monitored object based on the identified first q-order modal parameters and surrogate model, so as to obtain the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state. The monitoring and early warning unit is used to compare the mechanical parameters of the monitored object in the engineering design data or historical data with the mechanical parameters of the monitored object under the current operating state, obtain the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object, and issue a monitoring and early warning information when the change value of the mechanical parameters of the monitored object exceeds the set change threshold.

12. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a processor, a communication interface, a memory, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the communication interface, and the memory communicate with each other through the communication bus; Memory, used to store computer programs; A processor, when executing a program stored in memory, implements the steps of the method of claim 10.

13. A computer storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of the method described in claim 10.

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