Hydrogen leakage processing system of hydrogen fuel cell for vehicle and control method of hydrogen leakage processing system

Abstract

The invention discloses a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen leakage processing system and a control method thereof, and relates to the technical field of vehicle engineering. The hydrogen leakage treatment system comprises a box body; ventilation devices are arranged on the front end plate and the rear end plate of the box body in the vehicle running direction respectively, ventilation channels of the ventilation devices can be opened and closed so as to connect or disconnect the interior and the exterior of the box body, the opening degree of the ventilation channels can be adjusted, and ventilation driving mechanisms are arranged in the ventilation devices so as to drive airflow to enter and be discharged out of the box body in the direction opposite to the vehicle running direction; an exhaust device is arranged on a top plate of the box body, and the interior and the exterior of the box body are communicated or disconnected through opening and closing of an exhaust channel of the exhaust device. When the ventilation channel is opened, leaked hydrogen in the box body can be directly taken away by running air entering the box body, and when the exhaust channel is opened, the leaked hydrogen in the box body can be taken away by the running air to the outer side of the top of the box body by means of pressure difference, so that the running air can be fully utilized, and the use safety of the hydrogen fuel cell main body is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle engineering technology, and in particular to a hydrogen leakage processing system for a vehicle hydrogen fuel cell and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] In the field of rail transit, some new energy trains use hydrogen fuel cells as power equipment. The hydrogen fuel cell body uses a box to accommodate the main structure such as the battery stack. However, when a certain concentration of leaked hydrogen accumulates in the box, it is easy to flash or even explode in extreme cases, posing a major safety hazard.

[0003] Therefore, how to improve the safety of the use of hydrogen fuel cells is a technical problem that technicians in this field currently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle and a control method thereof, which can realize the emergency discharge of leaked hydrogen and improve the safety of the use of the hydrogen fuel cell body.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, comprising a box;

[0007] The box body is provided with ventilation devices on the front and rear end plates in the direction of vehicle movement, respectively. The ventilation channel of the ventilation device can be opened and closed to connect or disconnect the inside and outside of the box body, and the opening degree of the ventilation channel can be adjusted. The ventilation device is provided with a ventilation drive mechanism to drive the airflow to enter and discharge the box body in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction;

[0008] An exhaust device is arranged on the top plate of the box body, and the exhaust device connects or disconnects the inside and the outside of the box body by opening and closing the exhaust passage thereof.

[0009] Preferably, the ventilation drive mechanism includes a bidirectional air multiplier, which includes a driving structure and a ventilation structure, and the ventilation structure is located on the ventilation channel; in the direction of movement of the vehicle, part of the driving structure is located inside the box, and the remaining part is located outside the box.

[0010] Preferably, the ventilation device further comprises a two-way flow guide plate, which is arranged on a side of the ventilation structure away from the interior of the box; the two-way flow guide plate can be opened and closed and the opening degree can be adjusted, so as to adjust the opening and closing and the opening degree of the ventilation channel.

[0011] Preferably, the ventilation device further comprises an air filter, and the air filter is arranged on a side of the two-way air guide plate away from the interior of the box body.

[0012] Preferably, the ventilation device also includes an outer mesh cover and a guide mesh plate; the outer mesh cover has an inner cavity, and the air filter is built into the outer mesh cover; the outer mesh cover is connected to an end of the ventilation structure away from the interior of the box body, and the guide mesh plate is connected to an end of the ventilation structure close to the interior of the box body.

[0013] A control method for a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, applied to the hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, the control method comprising:

[0014] Obtaining the hydrogen leakage concentration in the box, and determining the concentration level of the hydrogen leakage concentration, wherein the concentration levels are multiple, each of the concentration levels corresponds to a different hydrogen leakage concentration range value, and the lower the concentration level, the larger the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value;

[0015] The operations of the ventilation device and the exhaust device are controlled according to the concentration level.

[0016] Preferably, the concentration level comprises a primary concentration;

[0017] When the hydrogen leakage concentration is at the first level, the hydrogen fuel cell main body of the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen leakage treatment system is controlled to shut down and switch to a backup power supply, and the ventilation device and the exhaust device are controlled to start;

[0018] When the hydrogen leakage concentration drops from the first-level concentration to a value not higher than the safe concentration, determining whether the number of restarts of the hydrogen fuel cell body within a continuous preset time period is greater than a preset number;

[0019] If yes, control the hydrogen fuel cell body to remain in a shutdown state, control the ventilation channel of the ventilation device to open, and control the exhaust channel of the exhaust device to close;

[0020] Otherwise, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell main body to restart;

[0021] Among them, the safety concentration value is lower than the hydrogen leakage concentration range value corresponding to the first-level concentration.

[0022] Preferably, the exhaust device further comprises an exhaust fan externally disposed on the box body;

[0023] When the hydrogen leakage concentration is at the first level, the control of starting the ventilation device and the exhaust device includes:

[0024] Controlling the exhaust passage of the exhaust device to remain open, and controlling the exhaust fan to operate at full power;

[0025] The ventilation channel of the ventilation device is controlled to remain open, and the ventilation drive mechanism is controlled to start.

[0026] Preferably, the concentration level includes a plurality of ventilation concentration levels, and at each ventilation concentration level, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases;

[0027] At each ventilation concentration level, the hydrogen fuel cell body is controlled to operate normally, and the ventilation device is controlled to start, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the opening of the ventilation device increases, and the driving capacity of the ventilation drive mechanism increases.

[0028] Preferably, the concentration level includes a plurality of ventilation concentration levels, and at each ventilation concentration level, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases;

[0029] At each ventilation concentration level, the hydrogen fuel cell body is controlled to operate normally, and the exhaust device is controlled to start periodically, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the frequency of opening the exhaust channel of the exhaust device in the same time period increases.

[0030] The hydrogen leakage treatment system of a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention comprises a box body; ventilation devices are respectively arranged on the front and rear end plates of the box body in the direction of vehicle movement, the ventilation channel of the ventilation device can be opened and closed to connect or disconnect the inside and outside of the box body, and the opening of the ventilation channel can be adjusted, and a ventilation drive mechanism is arranged in the ventilation device to drive the airflow to enter and discharge the box body in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction; an exhaust device is arranged on the top plate of the box body, and the exhaust device connects or disconnects the inside and outside of the box body by opening and closing its exhaust channel.

[0031] The hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention has ventilation devices respectively arranged on the front and rear sides of a box body, when the ventilation channel of the ventilation device is opened, the leaked hydrogen in the box body can be directly carried away by the running wind entering the box body, and an exhaust device is arranged on the top of the box body, when the exhaust channel of the exhaust device is opened, the leaked hydrogen in the box body can be brought to the outside of the top of the box body and carried away by the running wind by means of the pressure difference between the running wind and the inside of the box body, which can make full use of the running wind and natural forces, reduce energy consumption, and realize comprehensive discharge of leaked hydrogen in multiple directions, which can be used for emergency discharge in safe areas (discharge is usually prohibited in tunnels) to reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation and improve the safety of the use of the hydrogen fuel cell body.

[0032] In addition, since the running air is introduced into the box body from front to back, the waste heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell can be properly discharged, reducing the burden on the original heat dissipation system and facilitating the thermal management of the fuel cell system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0034] Figure 1 This is an appearance diagram of an embodiment of a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the running wind flow of an embodiment of a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 3 This is an appearance diagram of another embodiment of the hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0037] Figure 4 A structural diagram of a ventilation device of an embodiment of a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0038] Figure 5 An exploded view of a ventilation device of an embodiment of a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention;

[0039] Figure 6 The present invention is a flow chart of an embodiment of a control method provided by the present invention.

[0040] Reference numerals:

[0041] Box 1;

[0042] Ventilation device 2, two-way air multiplier 21, drive structure 211, ventilation structure 212, two-way air guide plate 22, air filter 23, outer mesh cover 24, air guide mesh plate 25, auxiliary ventilation device 26, main ventilation device 27;

[0043] Exhaust device 3;

[0044] Vehicle running direction X. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The core of the present invention is to provide a hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle and a control method thereof, which can realize the emergency discharge of leaked hydrogen and improve the safety of the main use of the hydrogen fuel cell. In addition, the hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle and a control method thereof provided by the present invention can be applied to rail transit vehicles to form a hydrogen energy train.

[0047] In the specific embodiment 1 of the hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle provided by the present invention, please refer to Figures 1 to 5 The invention comprises a housing 1, in which a hydrogen fuel cell body is arranged to supply power for the vehicle, and the hydrogen fuel cell body may leak hydrogen during operation. In order to discharge the leaked hydrogen into the housing 1, a ventilation device 2 and an exhaust device 3 are arranged on the housing 1.

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the box body 1 is provided with ventilation devices 2 on the front and rear end plates in the vehicle running direction X (from the rear to the front). The ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 can be opened and closed to connect or disconnect the inside and the outside of the box body 1, and the opening degree of the ventilation channel can be adjusted when it is opened.

[0049] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, a ventilation drive mechanism is provided in the ventilation device 2 to drive the airflow to enter and discharge the box 1 in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction X (the running wind flow direction, from front to back). It should be noted that the vehicle may be able to run in both directions, and accordingly, the front and back of the box 1 are not fixed, and the front and back of the ventilation device 2 are consistent with the current vehicle running direction X. During the operation of the vehicle, the ventilation device 2 located in front of the box 1 guides the external air into the box 1 from front to back, and the ventilation device 2 located behind the box 1 guides the gas in the box 1 to the outside of the box 1 from front to back.

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown, an exhaust device 3 is provided on the top plate of the box body 1, and the exhaust device 3 connects or disconnects the inside and outside of the box body 1 by opening and closing its exhaust passage. Figure 2As shown, a running wind flowing from front to back will be formed near the vehicle, and the air pressure near the outer side of the box 1 will be lower than that inside the box 1. After the exhaust passage is opened, under the action of the pressure difference, the gas in the box 1 can be automatically discharged upward through the exhaust device 3 and carried away by the running wind at the top.

[0051] Among them, in order to control the opening and closing of the ventilation device 2 and / or the exhaust device 3, a hydrogen concentration sensor is also arranged in the box 1, and the specific position of the hydrogen concentration sensor in the box 1 is selected as needed. The hydrogen concentration sensor can monitor the leaked hydrogen concentration at the set position in the box 1 in real time, and control the exhaust device 3 and the ventilation device 2 to execute the corresponding exhaust ventilation instructions by presetting different hydrogen concentration judgment conditions. With the help of the control device, the ventilation device 2 and / or the exhaust device 3 can be automatically controlled or online controlled, and the leaked hydrogen can be discharged to the outside of the box 1 in time, reducing the risk of leaked hydrogen accumulation, improving the internal safety level of the fuel cell system, and ensuring the safe operation of the hydrogen energy train. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the ventilation device 2 and / or the exhaust device 3 can also be started regularly according to the running time of the hydrogen fuel cell body.

[0052] The hydrogen leakage treatment system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles provided in this embodiment is provided with ventilation devices 2 on the front and rear sides of the box body 1, respectively. When the ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 is opened, the leaked hydrogen in the box body 1 can be directly taken away by the running wind entering the box body 1. An exhaust device 3 is provided on the top of the box body 1. When the exhaust channel of the exhaust device 3 is opened, the leaked hydrogen in the box body 1 can be brought to the outside of the top of the box body 1 and taken away by the running wind by means of the pressure difference between the running wind and the inside of the box body 1. The running wind and natural forces can be fully utilized, energy consumption can be reduced, and the leaked hydrogen can be fully discharged in multiple directions. It can be used for emergency discharge in safe areas (tunnels are usually prohibited from discharging) to reduce the risk of hydrogen accumulation and improve the safety of the main body of the hydrogen fuel cell. In addition, since the running wind is introduced into the box body from front to back, the waste heat generated during the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell can also be appropriately discharged, reducing the burden of the original heat dissipation system, which is beneficial to the thermal management of the fuel cell system.

[0053] In the ventilation device 2, as Figures 1 to 5 As shown, it includes a ventilation drive mechanism, a two-way guide plate 22, an outer mesh cover 24 and a guide mesh plate 25, and an air filter 23.

[0054] like Figure 2 As shown, the ventilation drive mechanism includes a bidirectional air multiplier 21 to ensure ventilation capacity. The bidirectional air multiplier 21 includes a driving structure 211 and a ventilation structure 212. The ventilation structure 212 is located on the ventilation channel. Under the drive of the driving structure 211, the gas inside and outside the box 1 flows in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction X through the ventilation structure 212.

[0055] Among them, Figure 1 As shown, in the vehicle running direction X, part of the structure of the driving structure 211 is located inside the box body 1, and the remaining part is located outside the box body 1. The other structures in the ventilation device 2 connected to the two-way air multiplier 21 are adaptively arranged, so that part of the structure of the ventilation device 2 in the front-to-back direction is placed outside the box body 1, and the remaining part extends into the box body 1, and is semi-hiddenly assembled in the box body 1.

[0056] Among them, Figure 2 As shown, a motor is provided in the driving structure 211, and the wind force in the ventilation structure 212 can be multiplied and the gas flow can be accelerated by the motor. The reversal of the two-way air multiplier 21 is realized by changing the running direction of the motor, and the gas in the ventilation structure 212 is driven to flow from front to back in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction X, which is consistent with the running wind flow direction, and can improve the running wind's ability to carry away leaked hydrogen. In addition, the outer shell of the driving structure 211 has a vent, which connects the inner and outer sides of the box body 1, as shown in FIG. Figure 2 The front port of the vent on the auxiliary ventilation device can also bring out some of the leaked hydrogen during operation.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, the two-way guide plate 22 is disposed on the side of the ventilation structure 212 of the two-way air multiplier 21 away from the interior of the box 1 in the front-to-back direction. The two-way guide plate 22 can be opened and closed and the opening degree can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the opening and closing and opening degree of the ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2.

[0058] The two-way guide plate 22 includes a plurality of swingable blades, and the direction of the airflow is adjusted by controlling the swing direction of the blades; the opening and closing of the ventilation channel and the opening degree after opening can be controlled by controlling the swing angle. When the vehicle is running, the controller timely adjusts the blade direction of the two-way guide plate 22 according to the vehicle running direction X, thereby adjusting the guide direction and guiding the gas in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction X, that is, the direction of the running wind.

[0059] In the ventilation device, by adding a two-way guide plate 22, the air resistance can be reduced through its guiding ability, and the energy consumption of the device operation can be reduced. At the same time, since the blades therein also have a certain shielding effect, the influence of the running wind of the hydrogen energy train on the reliability of vibration impact, air friction and other internal components of the box body 1 can also be reduced.

[0060] like Figure 5 As shown, the air filter 23 is arranged on the side of the two-way air guide plate 22 away from the inner part of the box body 1 in the front-to-back direction. The air filter 23 can filter the running air entering from the front of the box body 1, filter out the particles mixed in the running air, prevent dust and impurities from entering the box body 1, and at the same time, reduce the impact of the running air on the box body 1 and the internal components of the ventilation device 2.

[0061] like Figure 5 As shown, the outer mesh cover 24 and the guide mesh plate 25 are located at the front or rear side of the ventilation structure 212 of the two-way air multiplier 21. In the front-to-back direction, the outer mesh cover 24 is connected to the end of the ventilation structure 212 away from the interior of the box 1, and the guide mesh plate 25 is connected to the end of the ventilation structure 212 close to the interior of the box 1. When the ventilation device 2 is located in front of the box 1, the outer mesh cover 24 can perform preliminary filtration on the air entering the box 1, and the guide mesh plate 25 can allow the flowing air with increased wind force through the two-way air multiplier 21 to pass through, so as to keep the air flow stable and smooth; when the ventilation device 2 is located behind the box 1, the gas in the box 1 enters the ventilation device 2 through the guide mesh plate 25, and finally exits the ventilation device 2 through the outer mesh cover 24.

[0062] Among them, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the outer mesh cover 24 has an inner cavity, the air filter 23 is built into the outer mesh cover 24, and the outer mesh cover 24 covers the air filter 23 to form a built-in air filter. At this time, the outer mesh cover 24 and the air filter 23 can cooperate to filter the flowing air of the running wind entering from the front of the box body 1. In addition, the two-way air guide plate 22 can be built in or externally placed in the outer mesh cover 24. Specifically, the outer mesh cover 24 can be a fully wrapped structure, which fully wraps the air filter 23; or, the outer mesh cover 24 has a mesh cover opening at one end close to the interior of the box body 1, which is a groove-shaped structure with a single-sided opening, and the two-way air guide plate 22 is built in the outer mesh cover 24, and the ventilation structure 212 is connected to the mesh cover opening.

[0063] For the assembly of a single ventilation device 2 on the box body 1, as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown, it is semi-hiddenly installed in the box 1, and is arranged in a "hidden" way. Half of the ventilation device 2 is embedded in the box 1 in the front and rear direction, and the other half is placed outside the box 1, which can reduce the space occupied by the ventilation device 2 in the box 1, and at the same time avoid the ventilation device 2 being completely placed in the hydrogen-related environment. It can mainly isolate the mechanical actuator from the motor and electrical control components, and specifically place the motor and electrical control components in the ventilation device 2 in a non-hydrogen-related environment. The motor and circuit are isolated from the hydrogen-related environment of the fuel cell system, reducing the probability of the ignition mechanism. Specifically, the ventilation structure 212 can be set on the end plate of the box 1, and the structures on the front and rear sides are respectively located on the inner and outer sides of the box 1.

[0064] For the arrangement of different ventilation devices 2 on the box body 1, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the ventilation devices 2 are arranged in pairs on the box body 1, and the pair of ventilation devices 2 are arranged symmetrically in front and back. In addition, one or two ventilation devices 2 can be arranged in front and rear of the box body 1, respectively.

[0065] When the vehicle is running, the ventilation devices 2 in front and behind the box 1 have different effects on ventilation according to the vehicle running direction X. Among them, the ventilation device 2 in the leeward position (behind the box 1) can be defined as the main ventilation device 27, which is mainly used for exhaust, and the ventilation device 2 in the windward position (in front of the box 1) can be defined as the auxiliary ventilation device 26, which is mainly used for intake.

[0066] At this time, when the hydrogen concentration detected by the hydrogen concentration sensor is abnormal:

[0067] (1) For the auxiliary ventilation device 26: the motor in the two-way air multiplier 21 is operated, such as Figure 2 As shown, the blades connected to the motor diffuse part of the leaked hydrogen to the outside of the box body 1 through the surrounding micropores on the outer shell of the driving structure 211 under the action of centrifugal force; at the same time, the flowing air generated by the running wind during the movement of the train reaches the two-way guide plate 22 through the outer mesh cover 24 and the air filter 23, and the opening of the two-way guide plate 22 is timely adjusted according to the hydrogen leakage concentration B inside the box body 1. The flowing air is secondary accelerated by the two-way air multiplier 21 and multiplied by the wind force. It enters the inside of the box body 1 through the guide mesh plate 25, flows through the leaked hydrogen gathering area, and drives the hydrogen to flow and diffuse in a directional manner (specifically in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction X) to the main ventilation device 27 at the rear end of the box body 1;

[0068] (2) For the main ventilation device 27: the motor of the two-way air multiplier 21 accelerates the flowing air flowing through the interior of the box 1 again, and discharges it to the outside of the box 1 through the two-way guide plate 22 under the action of continuous flowing air.

[0069] In the exhaust device 3, as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, it includes an exhaust valve disposed on the top plate of the box body 1, which opens and closes the exhaust passage by avoiding and blocking the exhaust passage; and also includes an exhaust fan, which strongly draws out the gas in the box body 1 upward when started. The exhaust fan can be placed outside the box body 1 and located above the box body 1. When in use, the exhaust valve and / or the exhaust fan can be started periodically to ensure the waterproofness of the box body 1.

[0070] Based on the setting of the exhaust device 3, the running wind at the top of the box body 1 can be used to achieve periodic discharge of leaked hydrogen and unpowered exhaust of leaked low-content hydrogen.

[0071] The hydrogen leakage treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell for vehicles also includes a backup power supply, which can be placed outside the box 1. To ensure the normal operation of the vehicle, when the hydrogen fuel cell body is shut down and stops supplying hydrogen energy, the backup power supply can be switched to supply power to the vehicle. The backup power supply is specifically a lithium battery. In addition, when the hydrogen fuel cell body is suddenly shut down (power supply is stopped), there is leakage of hydrogen gas in the box 1, and the ventilation device 2 and the exhaust device 3 can still achieve a safe emergency exhaust function through the backup power supply.

[0072] During one use, when the hydrogen leakage concentration B of the hydrogen fuel cell body in the box 1 reaches the tolerable limit value, the hydrogen fuel cell body is shut down, the hydrogen storage system stops supplying hydrogen, and the hydrogen fuel cell body stops supplying power to the hydrogen energy train. The vehicle switches to the backup power supply; the exhaust device 3 on the top of the box 1 is started, the exhaust valve is opened, and the exhaust fan is running, so that the leaked hydrogen inside the box 1 is accelerated to be discharged from the top to the outside of the box 1; the opening of the two-way guide plate 22 of the main ventilation device 27 and the opening of the two-way guide plate 22 of the auxiliary ventilation device 26 are adjusted to the maximum value, and the ventilation power of the two-way air multiplier of the main ventilation device 27 and the two-way air multiplier of the auxiliary ventilation device 26 are adjusted to the maximum value, so that the leaked hydrogen inside the box 1 is accelerated to be discharged backward to the outside of the box 1, and the air flow and ventilation frequency are accelerated to reduce the degree of hydrogen accumulation inside the box 1.

[0073] The hydrogen leakage treatment system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles in this embodiment can realize emergency discharge of leaked hydrogen in the box 1. With the help of the running wind generated when the train is running, by coordinating and controlling the ventilation devices 2 at the front and rear ends of the box 1 and the exhaust device 3 at the top, fluid air can be passed through the box 1, and the leaked hydrogen can be driven to diffuse to the outside of the box 1 by the fluid air, thereby reducing the risk of hydrogen accumulation and the concentration of leaked hydrogen in the box 1. In addition, by using the fluid air of the running wind of the hydrogen energy train to drive the leaked hydrogen in the box 1 to diffuse to the external environment, the parasitic power loss caused by the arrangement of hydrogen-related forced ventilation devices can be reduced.

[0074] In addition to the above-mentioned hydrogen leakage treatment system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles, the present invention also provides a control method for the hydrogen leakage treatment system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles. The control method can be applied to the hydrogen leakage treatment system for hydrogen fuel cells for vehicles in any of the above embodiments and is executed by a control device in the vehicle. The beneficial effects can be referred to the above embodiments accordingly.

[0075] In a specific embodiment 1 of the control method, the following steps are included:

[0076] S1: Obtain the hydrogen leakage concentration B in the box 1, and determine the concentration level of the hydrogen leakage concentration B.

[0077] The hydrogen leakage concentration B is the hydrogen concentration value monitored and acquired in real time by the hydrogen concentration sensor in the housing 1. It needs to be further clarified that since hydrogen also exists inside the hydrogen fuel cell body in the housing 1 to supply power, the hydrogen leakage concentration B refers to the hydrogen concentration value leaked from the hydrogen fuel cell body into the housing 1, rather than the hydrogen concentration inside the hydrogen fuel cell body.

[0078] There are multiple concentration levels, each of which corresponds to a different non-overlapping hydrogen leakage concentration range value. The lower the concentration level, the larger the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value (that is, the larger the value in the corresponding concentration value set), and the lower the safety.

[0079] In this embodiment, there are three concentration levels, from low to high, namely, primary concentration S1, secondary concentration S2, and tertiary concentration S3. In other embodiments, other numbers may be set, such as 6. In addition, corresponding concentration alarm information may be issued at each concentration level.

[0080] Among them, P1 and P2 are two critical alarm values ​​of hydrogen concentration, P1>P2, which are used to divide the hydrogen leakage concentration range value and determine the concentration level:

[0081] Level 3 concentration S3:B<P2;

[0082] Secondary concentration S2: P2≤B<P1;

[0083] Primary concentration S1:P1≤B.

[0084] S2: Controlling the operation of the ventilation device 2 and the exhaust device 3 according to the concentration level.

[0085] Among them, controlling the operation of the ventilation device 2 includes controlling the opening, opening degree, and closing of the ventilation channel, as well as the ventilation capacity (ie, power size) of the ventilation drive mechanism.

[0086] Among them, for the ventilation device 2, it is also necessary to determine the opening and starting direction of the two-way air multiplier 21 and the two-way guide plate 22 according to the vehicle running direction X. Specifically, the direction of the two-way guide plate 22 of the ventilation device 2 is adjusted according to the running wind direction of the hydrogen energy train (opposite to the vehicle running direction X). In the auxiliary ventilation device 26, the lower end of the blade of the two-way guide plate 22 faces the inside of the box body 1, and the airflow directional acceleration direction of the two-way air multiplier 21 is to flow to the inside of the box body 1; in the main ventilation device 27, the lower end of the blade of the two-way guide plate 22 swings back toward the outside air side, and the airflow directional acceleration direction of the two-way air multiplier 21 is the outside air side on the rear side.

[0087] Among them, controlling the operation of the exhaust device 3 includes controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust passage, and the starting, power, and shutdown of the exhaust fan.

[0088] In this embodiment, by grading the real-time hydrogen leakage concentration B in the housing 1 and controlling the operation of the ventilation device 2 and the exhaust device 3 according to the grade, the exhaust ventilation efficiency can be improved while minimizing the impact on the operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body.

[0089] Specifically, S2 also includes S21, S22, S23 respectively:

[0090] S21: When the hydrogen leakage concentration B is at the first level B ≥ P1:

[0091] S210: Control the hydrogen fuel cell body to shut down and switch to the backup power supply, and control the ventilation device 2 and the exhaust device 3 to start.

[0092] Since the first-level concentration is the lowest concentration level and the most dangerous, stopping the supply of hydrogen and disabling hydrogen power supply can ensure operational safety.

[0093] Among them, when the hydrogen leakage concentration B drops from the first level concentration to no higher than the safe concentration value P0:

[0094] S211: Determine whether the number of restarts of the hydrogen fuel cell body within a continuous preset time period is greater than a preset number (for example, 3 to 5 times). If so, proceed to S2111; otherwise, proceed to S2112.

[0095] The continuous setting time can be 24 consecutive hours. Specifically, the control device automatically records the number of restarts of the hydrogen fuel cell body within 24 hours (the initial value is 0), and increases the count by one each time the hydrogen fuel cell body is restarted.

[0096] S2111: Control the hydrogen fuel cell body to remain in the shutdown state, control the ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 to open, and control the exhaust channel of the exhaust device 3 to close.

[0097] At this time, since the ventilation channel has protective equipment such as an air filter 23 and a two-way guide plate 22, the ventilation device 2 can also remain in the started state, and the opening degree of the ventilation device 2 (i.e., the opening degree of the two-way guide plate 22) can be V1, and the train uses running wind for ventilation. In other embodiments, the ventilation channel can also be closed at this time.

[0098] S2112: Control the hydrogen fuel cell body to restart, count the number of restarts, and enter S1 again.

[0099] Among them, the safety concentration value P0 is lower than each concentration in the hydrogen leakage concentration range corresponding to the first-level concentration. The safety concentration value P0 is a certain hydrogen concentration value, which is used to constrain the exhaust degree. When the hydrogen leakage concentration B under the first-level concentration drops to ≤ the safety concentration value P0, the risk of hydrogen ignition or explosion in the box 1 is small. The size of the safety concentration value P0 can be set according to actual experience, and can be less than P2, or a value less than P1 and greater than P2.

[0100] In this embodiment, the number of shutdowns of the hydrogen fuel cell body is counted, that is, the number of times the hydrogen leakage concentration B reaches a dangerous situation is counted. If the number is too high during a vehicle operation, the hydrogen fuel cell body may have serious leakage damage. Directly shutting down the hydrogen fuel cell body can ensure the safety of vehicle operation.

[0101] Among them, in S21, controlling the ventilation device 2 and the exhaust device 3 to start includes:

[0102] S212: Control the exhaust channel of the exhaust device 3 to remain open for exhaust, and if there are multiple channels, fully open them, and control the exhaust fan to run at full power; control the ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 to remain open for ventilation, with an opening of V3, and control the ventilation drive mechanism to start with a power of P3.

[0103] Except for the extreme case of the first level, other concentration levels higher than the first level are ventilation concentration levels. At each ventilation concentration level, as the concentration level increases or rises, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases, and safety is improved. The third-level concentration S3 and the second-level concentration S2 in this embodiment are different ventilation concentration levels, and safety gradually decreases.

[0104] At each ventilation concentration level:

[0105] Control the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body;

[0106] Controlling the ventilation device 2 to start, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the opening of the ventilation device 2 increases, and the driving capacity of the ventilation drive mechanism increases;

[0107] The exhaust device 3 is controlled to be activated periodically, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the frequency of opening the exhaust passage of the exhaust device 3 within the same time period increases.

[0108] More specifically:

[0109] S23: When the hydrogen leakage concentration B is at the third level B<P2:

[0110] S231:

[0111] Control the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body;

[0112] The ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 is controlled to be open, and the opening degree is V1, and the power of the ventilation drive mechanism is P1;

[0113] The exhaust device 3 is controlled to start periodically, and is opened n1 times within a time period T1, so as to utilize the running wind of the hydrogen energy train for periodic ventilation.

[0114] Wherein, for the periodic start-up of the exhaust device 3, the duration of each opening of the exhaust passage may be the same.

[0115] At the third level concentration, the hydrogen leakage treatment system of the hydrogen fuel cell defaults to a safe and normal operating state, and the exhaust device 3 and the ventilation device 2 are both at a relatively low exhaust and ventilation capacity.

[0116] S22: When the hydrogen leakage concentration B is at the secondary concentration P2≤B<P1:

[0117] S221:

[0118] Control the normal operation of the hydrogen fuel cell body;

[0119] The ventilation channel of the ventilation device 2 is controlled to be open, and the opening degree is V2 (V3>V2>V1), and the power of the ventilation drive mechanism is P2 (P3>P2>P1);

[0120] The exhaust device 3 is controlled to be activated periodically, and is opened n2 (n2>n1) times within the time period T1.

[0121] Among them, for the periodic start-up of the exhaust device 3, the duration of each opening of its exhaust channel can be the same, specifically, it can be the same as the duration of each opening of the exhaust channel in S233.

[0122] Among them, after S1, the concentration level can be directly determined according to the current hydrogen leakage concentration B, and directly correspondingly enter one of S23, S22, and S21. Alternatively, after obtaining the hydrogen leakage concentration B, the relationship between the hydrogen leakage concentration B and each hydrogen leakage concentration range value can be compared in sequence according to the set order to determine the concentration level, for example, it is determined in sequence whether the hydrogen leakage concentration B is in the third level concentration, the second level concentration, and the first level concentration.

[0123] The processing system and control method of the present invention, by designing a hydrogen concentration sensor, a ventilation device 2 and an exhaust device 3 as an emergency exhaust unit in the hydrogen leakage processing system of a hydrogen fuel cell for rail transit, ensure that when an extreme emergency such as hydrogen leakage occurs in the hydrogen fuel cell body, the leaked hydrogen in the box 1 of the hydrogen fuel cell body can be discharged to the outside of the box 1 in time, so that the leaked hydrogen in the box 1 can interact with the external air, reducing the safety risk of hydrogen accumulation.

[0124] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as "fixed" to another element, it may be directly on the other element or there may be an element in the middle. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it may be directly connected to the other element or there may be an element in the middle. In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple", "multiple roots", "multiple groups" mean two or more.

[0125] The terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features.

[0126] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used in the specification of the present invention herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0127] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0128] The above is a detailed introduction to the hydrogen leakage treatment system and control method of the hydrogen fuel cell for vehicles provided by the present invention. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core idea of ​​the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, the present invention can also be improved and modified in a number of ways, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: comprising a box body (1); The box body (1) is provided with ventilation devices (2) on the front and rear end plates in the vehicle running direction (X), respectively; the ventilation channel of the ventilation device (2) can be opened and closed to connect or disconnect the inside and the outside of the box body (1); and the opening degree of the ventilation channel can be adjusted; the ventilation device (2) is provided with a ventilation drive mechanism to drive the airflow to enter and be discharged from the box body (1) in the opposite direction of the vehicle running direction (X); An exhaust device (3) is arranged on the top plate of the box body (1), and the exhaust device (3) connects or disconnects the inside and the outside of the box body (1) by opening and closing its exhaust passage.

2. The hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation drive mechanism comprises a bidirectional air multiplier (21), the bidirectional air multiplier (21) comprising a drive structure (211) and a ventilation structure (212), the ventilation structure (212) being located on the ventilation channel; in the vehicle running direction (X), part of the drive structure (211) is located inside the box (1), and the remaining part is located outside the box (1).

3. The hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ventilation device (2) further comprises a two-way flow guide plate (22), wherein the two-way flow guide plate (22) is arranged on a side of the ventilation structure (212) away from the interior of the box (1); the two-way flow guide plate (22) can be opened and closed and the opening degree can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the opening and closing and the opening degree of the ventilation channel.

4. The hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: The ventilation device (2) further comprises an air filter (23), wherein the air filter (23) is arranged on an inner side of the two-way air guide plate (22) away from the box body (1).

5. The hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to claim 4, characterized in that: The ventilation device (2) further comprises an outer mesh cover (24) and a guide mesh plate (25); the outer mesh cover (24) has an inner cavity, and the air filter (23) is built into the outer mesh cover (24); the outer mesh cover (24) is connected to an end of the ventilation structure (212) away from the interior of the box (1), and the guide mesh plate (25) is connected to an end of the ventilation structure (212) close to the interior of the box (1).

6. A control method for a hydrogen leakage treatment system of a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle, characterized in that: Applicable to the hydrogen leakage treatment system for a hydrogen fuel cell for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the control method comprises: Obtaining the hydrogen leakage concentration (B) in the box (1), and determining the concentration level of the hydrogen leakage concentration (B), wherein there are multiple concentration levels, each of which corresponds to a different hydrogen leakage concentration range value, and the lower the concentration level, the larger the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value; The operation of the ventilation device (2) and the exhaust device (3) is controlled according to the concentration level.

7. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The concentration levels include primary concentration; When the hydrogen leakage concentration (B) is at the first level concentration, the hydrogen fuel cell main body of the hydrogen fuel cell hydrogen leakage treatment system is controlled to shut down and switch to a backup power supply, and the ventilation device (2) and the exhaust device (3) are controlled to start; When the hydrogen leakage concentration (B) drops from the first level concentration to a value not higher than the safe concentration, determining whether the number of restarts of the hydrogen fuel cell body within a continuous preset time period is greater than a preset number; If so, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell body to remain in a shutdown state, controlling the ventilation channel of the ventilation device (2) to open, and controlling the exhaust channel of the exhaust device (3) to close; Otherwise, controlling the hydrogen fuel cell main body to restart; Among them, the safety concentration value is lower than the hydrogen leakage concentration range value corresponding to the first-level concentration.

8. The control method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The exhaust device (3) further comprises an exhaust fan externally disposed on the box body (1); When the hydrogen leakage concentration (B) is at the first level concentration, the control of starting the ventilation device (2) and the exhaust device (3) includes: Controlling the exhaust passage of the exhaust device (3) to remain open, and controlling the exhaust fan to operate at full power; The ventilation channel of the ventilation device (2) is controlled to remain open, and the ventilation drive mechanism is controlled to start.

9. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The concentration level includes a plurality of ventilation concentration levels, and at each ventilation concentration level, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases; At each ventilation concentration level, the hydrogen fuel cell body is controlled to operate normally, and the ventilation device (2) is controlled to start, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the opening of the ventilation device (2) increases, and the driving capacity of the ventilation drive mechanism increases.

10. The control method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The concentration level includes a plurality of ventilation concentration levels, and at each ventilation concentration level, as the concentration level increases, the corresponding hydrogen leakage concentration range value gradually decreases; At each ventilation concentration level, the hydrogen fuel cell body is controlled to operate normally, and the exhaust device (3) is controlled to start periodically, wherein as the concentration level decreases, the frequency of opening the exhaust channel of the exhaust device (3) within the same time period increases.

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